"Pride and Prejudice" a well-known British writer Jane thing. Austin representative. Works describe the arrogance of single young Darcy and Miss Elizabeth the Second bias, wealthy singles Bingley and Jane eldest virtue of the feelings of disputes between the full expression of the author's own marriage, emphasizing the economic benefits of the appointment of Love and the impact of is marriage? Since ancient times people are exploring, but none has been to find an answer, it should be said there is no single argument. Indeed, marriage has always been good or bad has a lot of subjective factors. Outsiders seems painful marriage the parties may feel extremely happy, let them, outsiders seem happy marriage, the parties may have made the suffering. Jane. Austin, in her "Pride and Prejudice" in the show give her marriage to demonstrate her views on and love in the achievements of both marital important one and should not care! However, compared to the achievements of marriage for love is more important on some!"Pride and Prejudice" in describing a variety of marriage, Jane and Bingley, Darcy and Elizabeth, Wickham and Lydia, and Charlotte Collins, pastor. Lucas ... .... Charlotte and Lydia on behalf of two extremes, the former only the pursuit of "reliable storage room, the future will not be cold by the hunger": the latter is purely for sexual impulse, totally unmindful of the has been through the marriage house, small yard, furniture and other furnishings of a comfortable small home, but ironically, in her happy life after marriage but not the husband's status. "As long as Collins forgotten, and the rest everything is harmonious and comfortable," Lydia was a little girl confused by the rhetoric of Wickham, Wickham Living as one with no thought of the future life would be no Darcy through marriage to extort at least £ 10,000 a property. Their married life, the authors do not describe too much, so we can not imagine life without love What is the. Marriage is based on love, no love, a rare happy 's cousin Colonel Fitzwilliam is a count of the younger son can not inherit family property and title, but also one of Elizabeth's爱慕者, he frankly said to Elizabeth, who are accustomed to spending their own, in the event of marriage can not but consider the money . He said that the question of marriage there is only a conditional Darcy from the constraints of money free to choose. Darcy also because in terms of money and social status has the very advantage of him become so arrogant and his arrogance so Elizabeth has this bias against so the first time to propose to Elizabeth to be outrightly ruled out the possibility of. Elizabeth will not be because he was very rich and would marry him, no love, she would prefer not to marry, so she refused to Collins, the latter are refuse Darcy. "No love can be tens of millions should not get married," This is the view of Elizabeth is also the author of Austin's view. Darcy was later changed in order to Elizabeth has always been the arrogance of their own, because he really fell in love with Elizabeth, and his own change, but also changed the views of Elizabeth to him, accepted him slowly, Fall in love with him. Finally get can be said that Austin's own portrayal of the author, her marriage, through the Elizabeth we can watch one of the authors are not despise the kind of love, marriage, are opposed to no economic foundation of marriage. Money and love in the achievements of both marital important one and should not care! However, compared to the achievements of marriage for love is more important on some!《傲慢与偏见》事英国著名女作家简。奥斯丁的代表作。作品描写傲慢的单身青年达西与偏见的二小姐伊丽莎白、富裕的单身贵族彬格莱与贤淑的大小姐吉英之间的感情纠葛,充分表达了作者本人的婚姻观,强调了经济利益对任命恋爱和婚姻的影响。什么是美满的婚姻?从古到今人们都在探索,可是一直以来都没找到一个答案,应该说没有一个统一的说法。的确,婚姻的好坏本来就是有主观因素颇多的。外人看来痛苦的婚姻当事人却可能感觉美好无比,放过来,外人看起来美满的婚姻,当事人却可能有苦难言。简。奥斯丁在她的《傲慢与偏见》中就给人们展示了她的婚姻观,展示了她对美满婚姻的看法。金钱与爱情在成就婚姻上二者都重要,舍其一而不能!但相比较来说在成就美满婚姻上爱情更重要一些!《傲慢与偏见》里描写了各种不同的婚姻关系,吉英与彬格莱、达西与伊丽莎白、韦翰与丽迪雅、柯林斯牧师与夏绿蒂。卢卡斯……。夏绿蒂与丽迪雅代表两种极端,前者只追求“可靠的储藏室,日后可以不致挨冻受饥”:后者纯粹出于性的冲动,完全不顾后果。夏绿蒂通过婚姻得到了房子,小院子,家具陈设等一个舒服的小家,但是讽刺的在她的婚后幸福生活当中却没有了丈夫的地位。“只要把柯林斯忘掉,其余一切都很舒适融洽”丽迪雅是一个小女孩受韦翰的花言巧语迷惑,一心跟韦翰生活,并没想到以后的生活会没保障。韦翰通过婚姻至少向达西敲诈了一万英镑的财产。他们婚后生活,不用作者过多的描绘,也没想象到没有爱情的生活是怎样的了。婚姻的基础是爱情,没有爱情,结婚难得美满。达西的表兄费茨威廉上校是位伯爵的小儿子,不能继承家产和爵位,也是伊丽莎白的爱慕者之一,他坦白地向伊丽莎白说,自己挥霍惯了,在婚姻大事上不能不考虑钱财。他说,在婚姻问题上只有达西有条件不受钱财的约束而自由地选择。也因为达西在金钱和社会地位上非常的有优势,所以他变得傲慢,他的傲慢使伊丽莎白对他有这偏见。所以达西第一次向伊丽莎白求婚的时候被决绝了。伊丽莎白不会因为他有钱就会嫁给他,没有爱情她宁愿不嫁,所以她先是拒绝柯林斯,后是拒绝达西。“没有爱情可千万不能结婚”这是伊丽莎白的观点,也是作者奥斯丁的观点。后来达西为了伊丽莎白改变了自己一向的傲慢,因为他真的是爱上伊丽莎白了,他自己的改变,也改变了伊丽莎白对他的看法,慢慢地接受了他,爱上他。最后结婚。伊丽莎白可以说是作者奥斯丁自己的写照,她的婚姻观,通过伊丽莎白我们可一看的出,作者是鄙视那种没有爱情的婚姻,也不赞成没有经济基础的婚姻的。金钱与爱情在成就婚姻上二者都重要,舍其一而不能!但相比较来说在成就美满婚姻上爱情更重要一些!或者你可以自己找一下Analyzation of Elizabeth's Characteristics and Views of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice网上似乎有类似的英语论文内容,你可以试着搜一下看看做参考。
The Use of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice to Present the Nature of an Ideal Relationship With a social and cultural context where marriage was assumed to be of great importance, Jane Austen uses a number of marriages to expose and satirize societal values of the age, and to explore the nature of the ideal marriage. Austen portrays a true and ideal marriage to be one where economic and social compatibility is encompassed with love and the union of minds. In the novel, all marriages, except Elizabeth and Darcy’s, appear to be deficient in the values necessary for an ideal marriage. The marriage of the Bennets is an imprudent one, a union of a reasonably intelligent man with an inane wife. The suggestion that the initial attraction was purely physical elucidates that the relationship is based on superficial grounds. Mr. Bennet’s lack of satisfaction in his marriage leads him to shut himself from reality, failing to procure the masculine control that Austen regards as central in a successful relationship. Austen thus portrays marriage as a patriarchal institution, elucidating a perfect marriage to be one where the male takes control and the female allows for the “meeting of minds”. Like the Bennets, the marriage between Lydia and Wickham is also flawed. Their relationship is one where physical desire outweighs reason, decency and good sense, with “their passions stronger than their virtue.” Lydia’s infatuation with the “uniform” and desire for social standing, and Wickham’s desire for financial inducements leads them to marry for entirely wrong reasons. By stepping outside the social norms of her society, Lydia makes herself vulnerable to ostracism, and by breaking the rules of society (that Austen herself supports), their marriage is doomed to fail. In the novel, Charlotte Lucas presents a pragmatic view on marriage, declaring that “happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance”. Her marriage to Mr. Collins is to gain in establishment and acquire social standing and economic stability. It is through Charlotte Lucas that Austen illustrates the dire economic and social plight faced by unmarried women in the eighteenth century. The superficial nature of Collins’ love is made abundantly clear by Austen through his earnest desire to appease his patroness, by the ease with which he is able to transfer from one marriage object to another and the absurdity of his emotions. While the Collins’ relationship has social standing and economic security, it is entirely deficient in the affection and intellectual union that Austen regards as quintessential in a true marriage. The marriage of the Gardiners is superior to that of the Collins in terms of affection, intelligence integrity as well as economic stability. However, Austen’s realistic appraisal of eighteenth century society finds their relationship inferior due to its lack of rank and status. Similarly, Jane and Bingley [at the end of the novel] come to enjoy affection, position and economic security. However, their relationship is delineated to be lacking in depth of feeling and intelligence, and is a union of less intelligent minds, less self-awareness and Bingley’s weak irresolution. By comparison with all other marriages in the novel, Elizabeth and Darcy’s is the ideal by Austen’s standards - meeting the highest criteria of love, character and fortune. Theirs is a relationship of mutual respect and love, based on moral integrity and an understanding of each other as well as themselves, while possessing economic wealth and status. The marriages in Pride and Prejudice thus portray and advocate patriarchy within the economic system, social standing and society as a whole. Jane Austen therefore portrays marriage as a patriarchal institution where economic, social and intellectual compatibility as well as love must be present for the relationship to succeed. Marriage in Pride and Prejudice "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." Jane Austen provides subsequent argument with the first line of her novel, Pride and Prejudice. A statement that remains true to this very day. Austen's' first statement sets up the beginning of the novel. She states that a man, financially well off, but with no mate to accompany him to share in his wealth, is undoubtedly in search of a wife. In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy play the role of the rich men. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are the parents of five unwed daughters. Mr. And Mrs. Bennet have conflicting thoughts about the arrival of the rich neighbors. Mr. Bennet thinks nothing of it. He has no new thoughts about the arrival of Bingley and Darcy. Mrs. Bennet sees flashing lights. She views it as the perfect chance to automatically place a few of her five daughters into the rich community. Marrying off her daughters serves as the main purpose in Mrs. Bennet's life. Mrs. Bennet wants her husband to go and make a greeting to the new crowd. Her plans are to get in contact with them and make aware her five unmarried daughters. Mrs. Bennet encourages her daughter, Jane, to set her sights on Mr. Bingley. Mr. Bennet's' sarcastic comments prove his disconcert on the whole topic. When Jane is invited to meet with Mr. Bingley and his sister, Mrs. Bennet suggests that she go by horseback in hopes that she could probably get ill and extend her stay. Mrs. Bennet's' mind is always thinking of ways to marry off her daughters. Her idea works to perfection and Jane ends up staying longer. Mrs. Bennet goes to work again at the arrival of Mr. Collins, Mr. Bennet's' cousin. Mr. Collins stays at the Bennet's house for a short time. He will inherit Longbourn when Mr. Bennet dies since he will be the only, close male relative. Mr. Collins first intentions are toward Jane, but Ms. Bennet informs him of Bingley. Collins then changes his target to Elizabeth. Mrs. Bennet is astounded at the rejection from Elizabeth. She does everything in her power to try to persuade her to marry Collins. Mrs. Bennet views Collins as a successful Reverend with a prosperous future who would be a good choice for Elizabeth. Elizabeth will have no such thing, and denies Collin. Her father also supports Elizabeth's decision not to accept the proposal. Marriage serves as the main element in Austen's' novel Pride and Prejudice. Mrs. Bennet's' preconception with her daughters and their mates leads her to be almost a social misfit. Behaving irregularly at public ball and events, she constantly sets a bad name for her family. On the other side, Mr. Bennet's' traditional ways of thinking of not trying to force marriage, but let it come naturally, contrast greatly with his wife.
我的论文-----权衡:爱情与金钱----论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻三重境界。(上)一、引言简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen),1775年12月生于英国汉普郡的史蒂文顿,有兄弟姐妹八人。她并不算是一位长寿的作家,在1816年初她得了重病,身体日渐衰弱,不幸于1817年7月18日死在姐姐的怀抱里;奥斯丁也算不上是位多产的作家,尽管年仅21岁就写出了她的第一部小说《最初的印象》(19年后重新改写,即《傲慢与偏见》)。但在她的创作生涯中,具有代表性的作品只有六部。可这丝毫没有减弱奥斯丁在英国文学中的地位,反而随着时间的流逝而日益重要。即使在今天,她的读者也是有增无减。她的作品被屡次改编成电影、电视剧,深受广大观众的喜爱。批评家托.巴.麦考莱就曾赞扬到:“作家中手法最接近(莎士比亚)这位大师的,无疑就要算简·奥斯丁了,这位女性堪称是英国之骄傲。她为我们创造出了一大批的人物…”二、钟情婚姻爱情描写从18世纪末到19世纪初,庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥着英国文坛,而奥斯丁创作的小说则是一反常规地展现当时尚未受到资本主义冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光。她“是第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家。她的作品反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧,显示了家庭文学的可能性。她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中的自我发现过程,这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法,使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。正是这种现代性,加上她的机智和风趣,她的小说能长期吸引读者。”[1]尽管反映的广度和深度有限,但对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了很好的作用,因此奥斯丁的小说在英国小说发展史上有承上启下的意义。简·奥斯丁一生都是居住在乡村小镇,接触的人物以中小地主、牧师为主,观察的环境也以他们恬静、舒适的生活为主,在她的作品中,我们看不到有对重大社会矛盾的反映。有趣的是,尽管奥斯丁终身未嫁,但在她的作品中最为人津津乐道的,却是有关婚姻与爱情的描写。她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和对细腻情感的把握,生动真实地描绘了简.奥斯丁周围世界的小天地,特别是绅士淑女之间的婚姻和爱情风波。简·奥斯丁的六部作品可以说都是以婚姻为主题的婚姻小说,虽然她的婚姻观不可避免得要打上时代的烙印,但也不是完全正统的。而比较清晰得展现作家婚姻爱情观念的作品,无疑要算《傲慢与偏见》了,这部反映婚姻问题的小说是作者最喜欢的作品,同时也是她最受欢迎的一部作品。在2007年3月1日的“世界书日”上,《傲慢与偏见》被英国读者评选为“十大不可或缺的书”之首。整部作品通过贝内特几个女儿的婚姻经历为基点,以伊丽莎白与达西的感情经历为情节主线,展示了18世纪中后期英国社会贵族阶层的婚姻状况。从某中程度上,也探讨了婚姻的内涵,因此此书也具有一定的社会意义和现实意义。文学批评家马克肖尔这样评价《傲慢与偏见》:“《傲慢与偏见》及奥斯丁后期的小说会令愚顿者震撼。如她的见解能被认同,这个由愚顿者构成的社会必将脱胎换骨。”[2]三、三段婚姻展现三重境界人们的择偶动机决定人们的择偶标准。择偶动机不同,人们的择偶标准也不会相同。自古以来,人们的择偶标准既要遵循婚姻的自然属性,又不得不受婚姻社会属性的影响。婚姻的自然属性决定了人们择偶时要考虑对方的身体、经济、宗教、道德等因素。人们在选择婚姻伴侣时不可能只有单一的动机,而是几种动机同时存在,只是侧重点不同罢了。而这种侧重点的差异表现出来便是人们择偶标准的差异。根据择偶标准的差异,历史学家劳伦斯·斯通,在其名著《1500-1800年英国家庭、性和婚姻》中将当时英国人的择偶动机分为四类:为了巩固家庭的经济、政治或社会地位;为了个人的感情、友爱和情谊;性的吸引;激情之爱。[3]在《傲慢与偏见》里,作者所塑造出的几种婚姻关系,大都可以从中找到相符合的类型。例如夏洛特和柯林斯的结合,就符合“为了巩固家庭的经济、政治或社会地位”这一类型。简·奥斯丁用一种轻松的方式对《傲慢与偏见》里的婚姻与婚姻相关的一系列活动进行了诙谐的描述。男士们如何挑选妻子,年轻的女子以及她们的母亲如何为其挑选未来的夫君,构成了这部小说许多精彩的场景。在这部探讨婚姻关系的作品中,作者着力刻画了几种不同的婚姻和爱情关系,除了上面提到的夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻,还有几对比较重要的婚姻:莉迪亚和威克姆;伊丽莎白和达西等等。尽管他们都走进了婚姻的围城,但是婚姻的幸福度却各不相同。这是因为奥斯丁笔下的婚姻,不仅涉及到感情,而且还和经济紧密相关。“凡是有财产的单身汉必定要娶位太太,这已经成为了一条举世公认的真理。”[4]本书的第一句话就点出了影响婚姻的一个重要因素—金钱,然而果真是一条真理吗?我们对小说进行分析,可以将书中的婚姻划分为三种不同的境界,通过比较,我们就会有自己的判断。(一)莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻:盲目的激情追求享乐在《傲慢与偏见》中,如果要选出一桩最荒诞且最不被看好的婚姻,无疑就是莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻了。作者甚至没有正面交代二人是如何走到一起,继而出走的。只是简单的通过简和M·加德纳舅妈写给伊丽莎白的信,让读者了解情况的大概。两个人之间很难说有什么爱情,即使勉强有,也只能算是“肉欲之爱”产生的盲目激情。简·奥斯丁对他们的婚姻持一种批判的态度,莉迪亚的轻浮、卤莽和无知即使在小说的结尾也没有改变,威克姆的狡诈、野心和肤浅也使我们感到厌恶。理智、感情与道德可以说是婚姻精神层面上最重要的组成部分,而这对婚姻不具备其中的任何一项,他们婚姻的失败早已注定。婚姻的基础是婚姻最终成立的根据,决定着婚姻的特性。西方的婚姻更加注重性的因素,在他们看来男女的结合“主要报偿是性关系的满足。”长久以来,西方人有这样的观念,婚姻是为了爱情和寻求伴侣,还有的是为了性的和谐,避免孤独。莉迪亚习惯沉醉在男人的追捧中,而且一向用清不专,“只要受到人家的勾引,对谁都会上钩。”她对人的好恶,选择男人的标准,只是看对方的脸蛋漂不漂亮。当有漂亮的男人出现时,她的注意力马上就会集中过去。至于自己是不是爱上对方,她一点也不在乎,也更不会在乎对方是否真的爱她。这种以性爱为基础的带有鲜明个人性的婚姻是缺乏稳定性的。婚姻是个人的事,与别人没有直接关系,这样做出决定和采取行动就比较容易,没有什么牵制和挂碍。爱情本身是不稳定的,是人类情感中最难以捉摸的部分。[5]韦政通说:“在所有的爱中,最强烈,最令人困惑,也是最缺乏稳定性的就是性爱。”所以建立在性爱基础上的婚姻总是包含着“隐伏的危机。”[6]而人的本性中又有“喜新厌旧”的倾向,因而更加重了建立在性爱上的婚姻的不稳定性。莉迪亚和威克姆的婚姻既是个人的,又是根植于性爱的,它的不稳定性就成为必然了。加之西方社会中人与人之间的情感交流比较受限。在这种环境下夫妻间的冲突所产生的情绪障碍很难获得疏导,日积月累容易造成不和,情感上就会出现创伤、裂缝。这种情感上的伤痕便无法弥合而全面崩溃,当做为婚姻基础的性爱消失,那婚姻自然也没有存在的必要。《傲慢与偏见》中莉迪亚和威克姆婚姻的前景,作者在最后一章含蓄得指出:“威克姆不久便清淡爱弛,莉迪亚对他稍许持久一些。”威克姆选择莉迪亚的原因,书中并没有详细指出,不过他之所以同意与莉迪亚结婚,金钱发挥了重要的作用。威克姆是个不折不扣的花花公子,在与莉迪亚私奔前,曾经追求过金小姐和达西小姐,不是因为性,而是为了金钱。威克姆怀有这样的心态,与当时的社会风气不无关系。在18世纪时财富仍是社会中上层择偶时的重点,正如1727年丹尼尔迪福所抱怨的那样,“金钱和处女膜仍是人们考虑的目标。”同时威克姆做为地位稍底的中等阶级(lower middle classes),并没有大量的财产传承,因而更加重了他对金钱的贪婪。最终还是达西先生出面,替威克姆偿还了债务,并在莉迪亚名下的钱之外,又给了她一千英镑,并给威克姆买了个官职,最终换来了威克姆和莉迪亚的婚姻。“美貌与相貌平常的人一样,也得有饭吃,有衣穿。”可见在这段婚姻中除了盲目的激情,金钱也扮演了“关键先生”的角色。(二)夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻:向现实妥协在《傲慢与偏见》中,金钱和爱情婚姻往往是形影不离,难分难舍的。小说里人们谈婚论嫁时总少不了金钱的影子,而阐述金钱对于婚姻的选择,一个最典型的例子就是柯林斯牧师和夏洛特·卢卡斯的结合了。柯林斯选择夏洛特做自己的妻子,显然不是因为爱上她,在柯林斯向伊丽莎白求婚时就已经详细阐述了他要结婚的理由:“第一,我认为每个生活宽裕的牧师(像我本人),理当给教区在婚姻方面树立一个榜样;第二,我相信结婚会大大增进我的幸福;第三—这一点或许应该早一点提出来,我有幸奉为恩主的那位贵妇人特别劝嘱我要结婚。”因而当柯林斯像伊丽莎白求婚遭到拒绝后,他毫不犹豫的把结婚对象转向了夏洛特小姐。柯林斯急着结婚,并不是出于个人需要,只是在完成他所崇拜的德布尔夫人(达西的姑妈)布置的一项任务,只要结婚了就算完成了任务。至于结婚对象是谁,对她是不是有感情这些并不重要。而且夏洛特小姐还算是贵族出身的小姐,也算是门当户对,这就已经足够了。柯林斯这个人并不懂得如何去爱和经营婚姻,他看上去有些笨拙可笑,缺少男子汉气概但又很自负。他的婚姻一定程度上是遵循了当时社会上流行的婚姻理念:“凡是有财产的单身汉必定要娶位太太,这已经成为一条举世公认的真理。”夏洛特·卢卡斯可以说是《傲慢与偏见》里有头脑并富有理性的一位女子,是她最先看出达西对伊丽莎白有意,并且向伊丽莎白表达她对简和宾利感情发展的担忧(事实证明她是正确的)。夏洛特的聪明伶俐令人印象深刻,可更让人感叹的是她对自己婚姻选择的那份精明。她清楚得认识到了当时英国社会中上层阶级婚姻的普遍本质:物质因素是18世纪至19世纪英国社会的婚姻生活的重要因素。卢卡斯家族也算是属于贵族阶级,在16至18世纪期间,英国贵族“婚姻并不是为了满足个人心理和生理需要的私人结合,而是一种确保家庭和其财产永存的制度性策略。”[7]贵族的婚姻很大程度上要服从家庭的利益,他们非常注重婚姻所带来的经济利益。对于许多处于经济困难的贵族来说,尤其如此。因而,属于破落贵族家庭的夏洛特没有多少可观的嫁妆,也无法攀高求贵,被迫嫁给柯林斯实际也是一种无奈的选择。而且在18世纪末、19世纪初的英国,这也是一个以男性为中心的时代,男女不平等,妇女的社会地位非常低下。法律规定,女性不拥有财产继承权,家庭生活被认为是最适合妇女的天地。妇女要生存,要获得生活上的保障和“财政保证”,婚姻是捷径也是唯一的途径。这就导致了当时的婚姻不仅仅是作为爱情的归宿,还会是“谋生”的手段,也就难免出现一些看似荒唐的事。“并且,马克思(和贝尔)曾说,妇女在和男人的关系中的地位使我们可以判断出一定特定社会自由和不自由的程度。[8]夏洛特是何等聪明的女子!她早就看出了柯林斯先生既不通情达理,又不讨人喜欢,同他相处实在令人厌烦,而且他对她的爱也一定是“镜花水月”。但是她还是选择了他做丈夫,因为夏洛特选择的这种婚姻,总归是女人最适意的保险箱,能确保她不至于挨冻受饥,也不用担心丈夫变心,至于婚姻幸福与否则就要放到次要位置了。所以在伊丽莎白拜访朋友的时,发现“柯林斯先生有时说些让夏洛特实在难为情的话”“夏洛特一般总是明智地装作没听见。”而且夏洛特也并不把他放在心上,单独带妹妹和伊丽莎白参观住宅,而且她也非常高兴。似乎如果柯林斯不存在,就真有一种舒适的气氛。这就是夏洛特和柯林斯的婚姻,很显然成就这段婚姻的关键就是金钱。对柯林斯来说,这样的生活让他很满足,婚姻的“目的”也已经实现。而夏洛特“用什么手段驾御丈夫,有多大的度量容忍他,不得不承认,事情处理得相当不错。”这样的一种靠金钱财富维持的婚姻虽然并不完美,但毕竟也是一种婚姻。在这桩婚姻里,夏洛特和柯林斯之间是没有温暖和幸福的感觉的,只是枯燥平淡的生活着。也许只有当他们孕育出下一代时,彼此才会产生一种爱—对下一代的爱,对孩子的关心呵护,到那时他们的婚姻也许便不这么乏味。奥斯丁并不欣赏这样的婚姻,透过文字可以感觉到她对这种婚姻的嘲讽之意。但以我们现代的视角来看,夏洛特做出这样的选择,也是迫于现实的无奈呵。岁月不留人,对她这样一位老姑娘来说,有一个归宿似乎才是最重要的。我们当然不会赞赏夏洛特的选择,但能否试着对她多一分的理解和宽容呢?参考文献在(下)啊~~~**************************************************硕士学位论文:论简·奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观IntroductionJaneAusten(1775一IS17)(women'seducationofhertime),allhereducationwastoreadherfather'sbooksofboththeseriousandthepopularliteratureoftheday.(Herfatherhadalibraryof500booksby1801).(Thefournovelswhichwerepublishedwhileshelived一SenseandSensibiliyt(1811)rideandPrejudice(1813);MansfieldPark(1814);andEmma(1816)一appearedwithouthernameonthetitlepage;usuallytheirauthorshipwasattributedonlyto"alady.")Austen,thegreatnarratorofcourtshipandmarriage,nevermarried,lookeduponherwritingsasher"babies",;NorthangerAbbey;MansfieldPark,';ineffect,shetransformedtheeighteenth-centurynovel,whichcouldbeaclumsyandprimitiveperformance一**************************************************《傲慢与偏见》感言其实我看的书不算太多,而且看了以后只知道说好和不好,至于为什么,大多说不出一个所以然,我忘性大,很多书看过以后只记得一个大概,所以不敢乱评论。初中的时候刚刚开始对课外阅读有兴趣的时候,要好的同学在我生日的时候送了一本《傲慢与偏见》,孙致礼翻译的,算是我读的第一本名著,从此我开始看名著,然而不论哪一本名著都抵不上《傲慢与偏见》被我翻的次数频繁(虽然现在叫我讲里面的经典句子我也多半说不出来了),闭上眼睛回忆这本书的内容的时候,总会想象在舞会上达西先生说伊丽莎白的美貌尚可的时候的样子和伊丽莎白当时的脸色,可笑的的柯林斯先生,卢卡斯先生,伊丽莎白和达西针锋相对的场景,激烈争吵的场景和伊丽莎白那封戏剧化的信,以及两人在彭伯利相见的细枝末节。这些都是戏剧化的场景,在BBC95年版的迷你电视剧里面得到了很好的演绎,至今仍是我心目当中名著改编成电视剧的最佳典范之一。青春年少之时,受某些思想的毒害之深,总想着伟大的小说必定是激发你为一些Larger than life的伟大事业奋斗的的东西,因此,总会很惋惜这部作品的“小家子气”,然而还是不由自主地为它深深吸引,为“二寸象牙上面的雕刻”之精巧而折服。奥斯丁对笔下的滑稽人物的嘲笑虽然辛辣,却也十分有道理,在她笔下,人性的势利和庸俗的一面被刻画得栩栩如生,让人先是发出会心的一笑,然后忍不住拷问自己的灵魂。小说开头那句“凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶位太太,这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。”已经是脍炙人口的名句了。这样戏剧化的故事和作者波澜不惊的人生形成鲜明对比。前段的电影Becoming Jane把奥斯丁的生平故事编排成《傲慢与偏见》故事的反面。作为一个奥斯丁迷,我和大多数粉丝一样,对此深感不以为然。据专家考究,奥斯丁终其一生未婚并不是像电影里面所说的因为无法忘记这个La Foy先生的缘故,其原因之复杂似乎她的最后一本小说《劝导》比较沾边,女主角Anne年少的时候和男主角Frank相爱,然而因为种种世俗的原因和长辈的劝告最终放弃了这段感情,多年以后相遇发现旧情仍在,只不过在奥斯定的真实人生里面,她的Frank并没有以荣归故里的海军军官身份出现,而是不幸死于一场突然爆发疾病,最终故事以无法弥补的遗憾告终,而奥斯丁也没有痛不欲生,仍然过着她平静而安宁的居家生活。难能可贵的是,从奥斯丁的6部小说里面,看不到任何的自伤情绪,不论女主人公是一个什么样的性格,我们可以看到作家对她们的人生际遇的真正的关切,这是一种普世的关切,的确,婚姻未必是一个人人生的全部,可是选择什么样的婚姻的确能对一个人的人生产生很大的影响,追求婚姻的幸福,男女双方性情的契合总是没有错的。奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》对许多小说和电影作品也产生了深刻的影响。凯瑟琳盖斯凯尔夫人的《南方与北方》虽然背景不同,也是以这样的方式展开。男女主人公恋爱的模式和《傲慢与偏见》如出一辙,也是突破偏见和误解通过一系列冲突慢慢了解最后达到水乳交融。一部《BJ单身日记》也是身为简迷的作家对《傲》这部作品的致敬,不光给男主角取名Mark Darcy,还特意请来了BBC95版的达西先生Colin Firth出演这个角色。为什么这样的模式受到人们的特别喜爱呢?俗语说“不是冤家不聚头”,冤家们其实多半是性格互补的,据有经验人士表示,这样的关系比较长久,看来奥斯丁深谙这个道理。写到这里,我不禁浮想联翩,也许,有时候,人和人之间的心灵碰撞的确需要以一种激烈的方式进行,人生的趣味因而增加。只有经历一些风浪,才容易看清楚你身边的人吧,或者,只有在风浪当中,你才知道要抓住什么,才知道可贵的是什么。所以呢,从某种意义上来说,伊丽莎白家里不幸的丑闻,《南方与北方》里面马格丽特的父母双亡,Bridget Jones的遭遇,就像《倾城之恋》里面香港这座城市的沦陷,是为了成全这一对对冤家。让那些道学家们摇头去吧!写得不好,建议大家去读读这篇:值得一提的是,95BBC电视剧版的编剧是英国著名的编剧Andrew Davis,本人是一个作家,也是奥斯丁迷,男的哦。他成功改编过的作品有多部,,比如乔治艾略特的Middlemarch,盖斯凯尔夫人的《妻子与女儿》。在《傲慢与偏见》里面他为Colin Firth额外添加了一个书里面没有的场景,就是在池塘里面游泳然后浑身湿淋淋地从水里出来,正巧和伊丽莎白撞了一个正着,这个场景很有现代感,并不突兀,也因此为他吸引了不少女粉丝,真是厉害!
这里是Jane Austen的pridepre&judice介绍站,其中有写作风格与总结。 还有:
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