科技论文摘要模板范文英文版

如何撰写科技论文英文信息型摘要 摘要：科技论文英文摘要是进行文件检索，促进国际科技交流的重要手段。科技论文通常采用信息型摘要（Informative abstract），其内容包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论五个方面，重点在于方法、结果和结论。摘要写作应遵循客观、写实的原则，避免主观评论和感 *** 彩。1．信息型摘要的写作方法信息型摘要表达的是论文的内容要点，它是论文内容的浓缩和代表，也是国外文件检索所使用的主要形式。科技论文英文摘要遵循科技论文准确、客观和简洁的语言特点，必须提纲挈领、重点突出、内容完整。按照科技论文的组织结构，摘要通常包括背景（Background）、目的（Purpose）、方法（Method）、结果（Result）和结论（Conclusion）五个方面：背景句：介绍研究的背景、现状和问题，常用现在时。目的句：叙述研究的前提、目的、任务和所涉及的主题范围，常用过去时。方法句：陈述研究所使用的原理、对象、材料、工艺、手段、程序等，常用过去时。结果句：陈述研究的结果、数据、效果、性能等，常用过去时。结论句：陈述对研究结果的分析、比较、应用，或根据结果提出问题、建议、预测等，常用现在时或情态动词。 如何写英文科技文 第1章关于科技论文 正确看待科技论文的撰写和发表 正确处理做实验与写论文的关系什么是科技论文 科技论文的新形式 科技论文的写作特点 科技论文的一般格式 参考文献 第2章标题（Title）的撰写 标题中字母大写格式 题要对文 标题要简明 标题中的缩写和化学式 标题中应含有关键词 副标题（Subtitle） 标题的结构 页眉标题（Running Title或Title Running Head） 层次标题 参考文献 第3章作者署名（Authors）与单位（Affiliation）的撰写 第一作者 通讯作者 作者单位 参考文献 第4章摘要（Abstract）和关键词（Keywords）的撰写 摘要的写作原则 英文摘要的时态 英文摘要的语态 关键词 参考文献 第5章引言（Introduction）的撰写 研究领域的背景介绍 相关文献的总结 指出问题所在 简述论文工作 引言实例 参考文献 第6章实验部分（Experimental Section）的撰写 写作技巧 结构 实验部分实例 参考文献 第7章结果与讨论（Results and Discussion）的撰写 写作技巧 结果部分的写法 讨论部分的写法 结果与讨论合并写 结果与讨论分开写 结果与讨论实例 参考文献 第8章结论（Conclusion）的撰写 参考文献 第9章致谢（Acknowledgment）的撰写 参考文献 第10章参考文献(References)的撰写 第11章插图(Illustrations)的绘制 第12章表格（Tables）的设计 第13章科技论文写作中常用的单词、短语和句子 第14章科技论文实例分析 参考文献 致谢 英文科技论文写作怎么写 一般碰到这种的很浪费时间，我都交给海硕之星论文帮忙，我的同学们都是在那找人帮写的; 如何写一篇科技论文 英语作文 300字 ‘ *** eenasteadystreamofhopefuljobseekersfromthevillagesandfarmstothelargemetropolitanareas.城市生活和乡村和农场生活大不相同。大城市的人更注意尊重个人隐私。有时候这种感觉似乎是一种冷漠，但是它是城市生活的一个约俗，以遏制一个人对陌生人的个人事务的好奇。村民和农民有可能所有的邻居对表现出极大的兴趣。城市给聪明的年轻人提供了机会，来自村庄和农场的求职者有往大都市发展的稳定趋势 英文科技论文写作中，怎么描述公式 作品中的环境描写，不论是社会环境或自然环境，都不是可有可无的装饰品，而是密切地联系着人物的思想行动。”因此写人的论文常常需要对环境进行描写。 怎样写英文科技论文题目谢谢了，大神帮忙啊 科技论文的题名是表达论文的特定内容 反映研究范围和深度的最恰当、最简明的逻辑组合 即题名应“以最少数量的单词来充分表述论文的内容”[1 2]。题名的作用主要有二方面[1 3] ：（1）吸引读者. 题名相当于论文的“标签”(label) 一般读者通常是根据题名来考虑是否需要阅读摘要或全文 而这个决定往往是在一目十行的过程中做出的。因此 题名如果表达不当 就会失去其应有的作用 使真正需要它的读者错过阅读论文的机会。（2）帮助文献追踪或检索。文献检索系统多以题名中的主题词作为线索 因而这些词必须要准确地反映论文的核心内容 否则就有可能产生漏检。此外 图书馆和研究机构大都使用自动检索系统 其中有些是根据题名中的主题词来查找资料的。 因此 不恰当的题名很可能会导致论文“丢失” 从而不能被潜在的读者获取。 英文科技论文要怎么写 有人在美国这边留学的可以帮忙下吗 Literary Analysis说直白了，也就是文学作品分析。文学作品听起来总觉得枯燥无味，但也有一些教授喜欢布置这样的作业。常常让我们这些留学生苦叫连天。我之前是找的51due帮忙，我现在分享一下，希望能更直观更有效的帮助小伙伴们写好Literary Analysis，以下详解Literary Analysis写作技巧。 方法 1: 确定主旨(1)确定主旨。主旨就是用于概述文章主要内容或回答文章中提出的问题的一句或几句话。主旨句要写得靠谱，就要考虑以下问题： a、我的主旨是什么？ b、我该怎样论述？ c、我该怎样组织论据？(2)写主旨句。一句好的主旨句应该： a、点明你文章主体部分即将阐述的3个论点。 b、说明文章结构。 c、阐明论点重要性。 d、作为文章的引子部分出现在文章第一段。一般来说，主旨句应该是第一段的最后一句话，以便读者了解文章主体部分将要论述的内容。(3)提炼主旨。在你写作文学分析时，主旨一般也会跟着发生变化。文章写完后，一定要回过头来调整主旨，以便于文章内容精确吻合。 方法 2: 支持论点：写作引入段(1)写作强有力、有趣味的引入段。引入段是文章的开头部分，因此你要尽量使你的文章给人可信、有趣的第一印象，吸引读者继续阅读。以下是写作引入段的几种窍门： a、引用名言或轶事。你引用的可以是几句台词，也可以是一段对白，这要取决于你所分析的文本类型。 b、陈述一个有趣的事实或提出一个巧妙的问题。 c、承认对立观点的合理性。 d、应用讽刺、隽语或类比。(2)在引入段末尾写上主旨句。主旨句要引起下文。

你的英文水平很高就直接写英文水平不高,就写成中文的,请别人翻译就OK了。

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS . And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 95% confidential interval of [, ])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = = 0,01 < )，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =, g 二 , g = respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = , p = < )。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of and respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, . thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS . And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.