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论文是肯定想要的，不然就不能够毕业，而且要及格才行，不能获得degree也可以操作
分专业 一般专业实习后交毕业论文就结束了 但是比如建筑 设计啊 之类的有毕业设计 答辩的
一般情况下，留学毕业答辩有两种情况：一种是在国内，一种是在国外。如果是在国内，一般需要在毕业前两个月，也就是毕业前三个月左右，学校会召集毕业生参加答辩，学校会派专家来审核毕业论文，提出问题和给出答案，最终考核毕业生的知识和能力。如果是在国外，一般需要在毕业前六个月，学校也会派专家来指导学生的答辩，并给出答案，最终考核毕业生的知识和能力。
留学毕业答辩通常在留学国家进行，因为毕业论文和研究项目的研究场所和指导教师都在留学国家。此外，毕业答辩要求学生与指导教师进行面对面的交流和讨论，这在留学国家更为方便和有效。另外，在留学国家进行毕业答辩也可以让学生更好地接触到当地的学术环境和研究成果，丰富其知识和经验。
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
我的经验 无论至哪个地方读书 虽然至少要懂当地的语言外 也要把英语学好 如果和欧美老师学是最好；比方说就算是日韩当地也很看重英语能力，无论是对工作或者考试都很有帮助，如果是其他的英语国家就更会用到英语了~哦 对了 我现在学的ABC天芐欧美外教英语中心的导师和我们说过 若要学好英语是轻松的 必须要有一个好的研习环境和实习口语对象 这取决于外教资质 标准口音(建议找欧美外教)才是最好，坚决经常口语沟通，1 on 1加强化教学才能够有更.好.的学习成果~课程结束后同样要复习听取录音文档 来进一步深化知识 然后要是真的没有人可以指导的环境 可以上 VOA或大耳朵获得课余学习材料练习 多说多练迅速的英语水平会提高起来 学习成长应该可以快速显着的。论文答辩就是老师找你论文的漏洞，就像你是一个即将犯罪的人，作案前疑点要想好怎么做才不会给警察留下破绽，这样他们就无从下手了。具体问题具体分析。你的论文就一篇电子商务发展环境的分析，那么你的分析就一定要有很好的逻辑关系，当前的电子商务环境是什么样的，它的发展趋势是怎样的？在这么个趋势下会发生或产生什么样的结果？这个结果又会使电子商务产生什么样的变化？你的论文一定要紧扣并符合这些因果关系的变化，否则推论不成立的话，你的论文就白写了。而老师的提问会让你目瞪口呆的。祝你成功！
英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
留学生毕业论文1、选题根据专业与拟定方向选题，搭建清晰的写作框架。2、文献学习学术文献的检索与阅读方法，筛选出有效文献并根据文献的使用途径进行整理、分类。3、提案根据已有的思路和框架理清 Proposal 的写作方法，明确研究方法、4、会议Proposal 提交后，分析导师的 Feedback ，明确后续研究指明方向。5、写作学习写作方法，重点 Introduction 和 Literature review 的写作要领和注意事项。6、建模解析数据分析中所使用公式、模型、及数据的获取方式，学习Methodology 的写作方法7、写作检查前四部分的论文内容， Discussion , Conclusions 及 Abstracts 的写作方法。8、检查进行第一次全面检查，重点检查全文的内容、语法和词汇，改善并校对论文的提交格式检查。
不是一回事。论文能不能过，是能不能毕业关件因素，因为论文没过，那当然毕不了业的。而挂科，是指学科里面有一项或几项没过，这也是影响毕业的一个因素。
不一样不是一回事儿。首先，毕业论文。也需要修够学分的。你的论文成功了之后才能修到这个学分，而你要想毕业就要有这个毕业论文的学分。壁纸是你最后的部分，而挂科却是你的专业课。因此论文没过和挂科不是一回事儿，他是两回事儿。
1、选题根据专业与拟定方向选题，搭建清晰的写作框架。2、文献学习学术文献的检索与阅读方法，筛选出有效文献并根据文献的使用途径进行整理、分类。3、提案根据已有的思路和框架理清 Proposal 的写作方法，明确研究方法、4、会议Proposal 提交后，分析导师的 Feedback ，明确后续研究指明方向。5、写作学习写作方法，重点 Introduction 和 Literature review 的写作要领和注意事项。6、建模解析数据分析中所使用公式、模型、及数据的获取方式，学习Methodology 的写作方法7、写作检查前四部分的论文内容， Discussion , Conclusions 及 Abstracts 的写作方法。8、检查进行第一次全面检查，重点检查全文的内容、语法和词汇，改善并校对论文的提交格式检查。
硕士生在毕业阶段最头疼的就是毕业论文的写作，其主要原因在于：一是不少学生知识面比较狭窄，专业知识较为薄弱，研究性学习不足；二是基本功较差，没有毕业论文的写作经验或是自身写作能力差；第三是不会安排毕业论文的完成时间，总是压到最后再去完成像在赶作业；那么广大留学生该怎样才能把英国硕士生的毕业论文写作好？下文从多个方面来指导广大留学生去写作英国硕士生毕业论文。1：毕业论文的选题很多学生不知道怎么选题，选题不了就意味着无法进行写作资料的搜集准备与整理，也无法从事论文写作。教师在选题这个关键阶段要给学生以积极指导。首先是专业选题范围指导。例如作为中文专业的学生，在学习基础课之后所选修的内容不一样，有的选修文学类，有的选修语言类。选修文学类的学生在选题时就要根据自己对古代文学、现代文学、当代文学的专长和兴趣，一定选择自己所擅长的专业，而不能选择自己不擅长的古汉语和现代汉语语言专业。其次是选题范围大小指导。选题的一个主要原则就是宜小不宜大，大的选题因为难度大难以把握，不宜写得深入。小的选题能够从微观入手，深入细致的加以论述，做到“小题大做”。论文题目过大就需要大量的资料、丰富的理论知识修养、娴熟的写作技巧和旁征博引，才能全面透彻的论证问题，所以不适合硕士学生，当然也不能过于小，一定要适中。第三，指导如何进行选题。学生在选题之前一定要大量阅读文献资料，善于发现问题和分析问题，搞清楚自己所从事的文学专业领域科研状况，前人有哪些研究成果，研究成果有哪些争议，摸清自己所要研究的论题在当今的社会意义和学术价值含量，不能重复别人的研究成果。选题时一定要根据自己的研究水平和能力做到量力而行。第四，选题时还要考虑到创新与写作能力之间的问题，虽然大家都主张学术论文一定要创新，但毕竟硕士学力有限，过分强调开创性不切合实际。2：材料的搜集与运用指导一旦论文选题确立之后，就需要大量搜、整理与运用资料。一篇学术论文如果没有充分的材料作为支撑，那就是等于空话连篇，得出的结论也是有失偏颇。其实学生在选题之前就应该进行阅读大量的材料了，通过大量资料的阅读和分析之后，发现自己所要解决的问题，然后制定选题，通过大量的材料的整理与分析，才能运用好这些经过大量时间和心血准备的材料，最终得出自己所要的结论和所想解决的问题。3：论文提纲制定指导学生通过大量资料的准备、阅读、分析之后，进行论文的选题，一旦选题之后就需要缜密构思文章的提纲了。这个阶段也是一件不容易的事情，很多学生对于论文提纲拟定也比较犯愁，因为他们不懂得抓住论文题目的关键词汇，也就是选题的中心论点，在拟提纲时不能紧紧围绕题目的“题眼”，出现了所编制的提纲结构框架不合理、没有充分体现文章标题的中心论点，主题不突出，层次不分明，逻辑不顺畅等问题。因此在指导学生拟定论文提纲时着重强调一下几点：一是要指导学生精心设计一级标题和二级标题，使得各级标题都能全面围绕文章的一个中心论点进行，每个分论点可以采取并列式或递进式结构，大标题和小标题之间要紧紧相扣，相互衔接和呼应，大标题也都要受其主题的统领。二是指导学生进一步反复修改提纲。论文提纲拟定好之后，再结合所有的材料进行分析、整理文章的整体结构，反复推敲。把文章整体结构与各细节联系起来，确保整体与细节之间的关联性和呼应。论文结构趋于合理化有利益理清论文整体思路，突出主题，不会出现跑题、偏题等问题。提纲拟定的成败也关系到文章的写作成败，一旦匆匆忙忙拟好提纲，不加思考就动笔写，势必会造成事倍功半的效果，因此教师告诫学生切忌草率行事。当然提纲在写作过程中也可以根据需要进行改动调整，目的就是使得提纲更加缜密完善，但是也不能频繁地、较大的改动。4：写作过程中注意事项的指导万事俱备，就欠书写论文了，这时要指导学生把握写作要领，抓住论文中心环节，运用充分的材料作为写作的详实论据，运用清晰的思维、思辨的论证逻辑和规范的学术语言进行论述论文论点，将其经过深思熟虑的思想与观点，运用言简意赅、通俗易懂的语言逐一阐述出来。第一，在写作时可以按照论文提纲的体例结构顺序进行，各标题之下的二级标题都要紧扣该标题，论述时论证结合，做到论据详实、论证充分，语言表述要准确、流畅、连贯。整篇文章要符合逻辑，条理清晰，层次分明。如果写作过程中遇到了困难，可以采取不按提纲顺序，先写思路比较清晰的部分，写完之后再去解决疑难问题。第二，注意论文格式的写作。学位论文是了为了锻炼学生基本写作方法和提高写作能力的训练，论文格式有一定的要求，对于初写毕业论文的学生往往不注重论文的格式。学位论文的格式在成绩评定中也找有一定的比分，评审老师从学生论文格式中就能判断出该生写作态度是否端正，是否受到过学术论文的写作训练。第三，指导学生运用参考资料，处理好文章与参考文献之间的关系。总之写作过程中需要辅导老师加以多方面的指导，方能使得学生顺利完成写作任务。
班长来啦!首先我们来说Introduction的重要性之一：帮助读者快速了解全文，平时我们阅读论文的时候，你看了一篇文章的Abstract，然后introduction，就能了解这篇文章主要写了什么。很多老师在评分的时候也会着重看一下Introduction,有一个比较好的印象，才会接着往下看。所以呢，如果你也想写一个很好的Introduction，那就接着往下看吧！Introduction主要分为以下6个部分：Part 1：如何开始introduction很多人会有一个误区，就是Introduction应该是需要最先完成的部分。其实也不算完全错，因为一开始也需要先写一个文章大纲，提醒你后面的文章要怎么写。但是此大纲非彼introduction，一个完整的Introduction是总结概括你整篇文章的精髓，是在你写完整篇文章后需要更改和完善的。所以简单总结，尽管Introduction是整个论文的开始，但它一般不是全文最先需要完成的部分，而是最后完成的部分。接下来的第二部分是包含在Introduction里面的内容。我们刚才讲到了如何开始Introduction，把它当成一个大纲来完成。接下来你需要思考以下5个步骤。Part 2: introduction的内容 论点和背景 (topic and context) 背景资料 阐明背景信息，比如你写的是关于金融发展，你可以就要提到金融危机。这部分你需要阐明你为什么选择这个主题，一般从两方面入手： 两个中心思想：1）实时性：这个问题在当下是具有一定讨论热度的，大家很关心这个问题但是没有达到一个共识，比如气候变化。 2）重要性：这个问题会牵扯到社会的反应，比如这个问题会牵扯到人民的福利 焦点和范围 (focus and Scope)这一步是关于如何把你的Topic细化。我们可以从四个方面入手：1）研究地域：英国或新兴国家 2）研究时间段 3）社区团体：针对某个年龄群体 4）特别的主题：比如研究新出台的气象法，你可以研究其中某一条法规和它的影响。 重要性和相关性 (Relevance and Importance)提出文章和现有的研究有什么联系，有哪些文章和你研究的东西很接近，可以写一个简短的文献综述，但是切记选择的文章一定要满足“最”相关性和“最”重要性原则。写明你的文章针对这个问题提出了什么新的观点。总结下来就是，这部分可以从三个方面考虑：第一步是你解决了什么实际的问题；其次你的文章是基于别人的研究；第三步是你如何提出你的新的观点 问题和目的 (Questions and objectives)这部分是introduction最关键的，主要基于前面提到的主题(topic)和焦点(focus)。此外，还需要写明文章的中心目的/思想 （central aim of your research）。可以在该部分简要说明一下你所使用的模型或者一些概念框架，如何去达到你的目的。在这里一定要把握两个关键：1）最相关 和2）最重要 文章结构(Overview of the structure)在Introduction的最后可以写上overview of structure，这一部分是比较模式化的过程。比如：文献综述-实践结果-文章结论如果你可以很好的展示以上提到的步骤，相信你一定可以写出一个很好的开头。加油！希望能对你有所帮助
论文写作通常可以遵循以下步骤：
1、定义主题
撰写论文的第一步是定义主题。了解论文的主要目的是什么(教育、宣传、推广)以及针对谁。这一步至关重要，因为它为整篇论文奠定了基础。
2、创建大纲
大纲在撰写论文时至关重要。要想论文讲得通，唯一的途径就是整合逻辑。首先创建一个简单的草图，描述论文整体的框架，包括各个部分应该写什么内容。这会防止同学在实际写作时偏离要点。
3、广泛研究
这是撰写论文时收集所有必要信息的部分。遵循之前创建的大纲，以避免浪费时间。充分利用所有可用的资源，例如：书籍、网络、采访等，只收集相关和必要的信息即可。这部分将构成论文的主体，所以同学需要获得充分的信息。
4、撰写初稿
有了详细的大纲和相关的材料支撑，这一步应该很容易。初稿很少是完美的，但通常需要耗费大量时间。有几个最重要的部分需要同学留意：
5、校对修改
千万不要直接提交初稿，因为很有可能里面全是错误。同学要消除所有的语法和结构错误。尽可能地浓缩观点，并通过修改论点来突出要点。
第一，选好一个合适的论文题目这一步骤需要同学和导师细心沟通，明确自己的研究方向，研究目标，研究领域，以及研究可行性。这一步非常重要，很多同学想写很多内容，这种过于宽泛的研究方向会让后面研究的开展举步维艰，有的同学绞尽脑汁也想不出研究方向，也会让后续研究难以展开。考而思的论文辅导帮助学生在这一步分析每个研究方向的利弊，帮助学生找到适合自己的研究方向。第二，开展文献研究这一步需要同学们阅读大量的文献。对文献做细致的分析，对文献内容做深度的提炼加工，需要同学学会文章内引用和文章后引用。而这一步很多同学都会头疼无比，也是很多同学论文止步不前的原因，因为他们不会看文献，更不会提取有用信息。考而思的论文辅导帮助同学阅读文献，教授学生提取文献内容的方法。让学生在学术的道路上披荆斩棘，大步向前。第三，方法论的指导无论是使用定性分析方法还是定量分析方法，都需要学生对方法论的哲学思想有一定的了解。这一部分的知识非常系统和专业，需要学生接受专业的指导。而考而思的英国论文辅导课程可以帮助同学系统地学习相关知识。第四，发现和分析结果通过合适的研究方法进行研究后，对结果的深度分析则需要同学具备对问题的深刻理解。这一部分写得出彩能为论文加不少分。这一部分也是学生论文分析的核心。如何在这一部分纠正细节，避免错误，抓住重点，分析精髓，论文课程辅导可以帮助学生了解相关程序，对分析问题不再束手无策。第五，文献如何引用不仅需要阅读文献，整理文献，在文章完成之后有一部分是罗列全文相关的文献，这一部分需要同学们运用专业的文献引用方法。考而思的论文辅导可以帮助同学系统了解文献引用方法，并对学生全文做查重测试，分析文章相似度改进方法。
法国留学答辩没过的话是不能毕业的，之后退学也就不能拿到毕业证和学位了，而留服认证虽然经过多次调整，但是学位还是必须的首要的需求材料。所以留服认证这条路很难通过了。这种情况建议选择留信留学生专业人才入库，也是受国内认可，一种综合性的评估认证，对于归国留学生找工作方面很有用处。当然，没有学位也是不能直接申请，需要准备相应的辅助材料和方案。这就需要我了解具体留学情况才能确定方案。
法国留学，最后论文答辩没有过的话可以向学校申请二次提交的。但是已经退学了的话那么是拿不到学位证书的。论文答辩没有过没有什么问题，因为国外的学校国内的肯定是没有任何的办法去参与的。但是每个留学生回国之后都要做的就是学历认证，这个我们这边还是有办法。。。。。
菲律宾博士论文答辩没通过给予重新答辩机次一次或推迟毕业。根据情况，给予重新答辩机次一次或推迟毕业。答辩委员会认为基础上达到了博士毕业论文水平，答辩问题回答等环节不过关，会给予半个月到一个月内重新答辩，水平达不到博士论文水平，可能延期半年甚至更长时间答辩。