将进酒英译论文开题报告

将进酒Bringing in the Wine 李白【唐】 By Li Bai 【Tang】君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。 Don’t you see the Yellow River comes from the heavens and rushes into the sea never coming back. Don’t you see elderly parents sigh for their white hair when looking in the mirror ,black in the morning and white in the evening. 人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。 We should enjoy ourselves to the utmost when proud and pleased ,and never leave the gold goblet empty to the moon. 天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。 I am endowed with talents for eventual use and plenty of money is sure to come again even if all is gone. 烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。 Cooking beef and mutton,we can make merry for the moment. We should drink three hundred goblets at a time. 岑夫子，丹丘生，将进酒，杯莫停。与君歌一曲，请君为我倾耳听。 Mr Cen and Mr Yuan,never stop drinking please. I’d like to sing a song for you ,wishing you to listen attentively. 钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不复醒。 Invaluable to ring the bells and beat the drums while eating delicacies,and I wish I was too drunk to wake up. 古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。 Sages have been lonely since ancient times ,and only the drinker has left his name behind. 陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。 Once King Chensi gave a banquet at Ping-le Guan indulging in expensive wine. 主人何为言少钱，径须沽取对君酌。 Why do you say money is limited,my dear Host? Don’t hesitate to purchase good wine and let’s drink together. 五花马、千金裘，呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同销万古愁！ Why not call out the servant to trade precious horses and valuable furs for good liquor ? I will get drunk with you and get rid of all the sorrows of all ages. 【注释】 1. 将进酒：汉乐府旧题。将（qiāng）：请 2. 高堂：指父母 3. 会须：应当 4. 岑夫子：指岑(cén)勋。丹丘生：元丹丘 5. 与君：给你们，为你们。 6. 馔（zhuàn）玉：美好的食物，形容食物精美如玉。 7. 陈王：陈思王曹植。平乐：观名，汉代富豪们的娱乐场所。 8. 恣(zì)：放纵. 谑（xuè）：玩笑。 9. 径须：干脆，只管。 10. 沽(gū)：通“酤”，买或卖。 11. 酌(zhuó)：饮酒，斟酒。 12. 五花马：指名贵的马。 13. 裘：皮衣。 14. goblet ['ɡɒblɪt] 酒杯，高脚杯 15. endow [ɪnˋdau] 天生具有 16. delicacy ['delɪkəsi] 珍馐，美味 17. sage [seɪdʒ] 圣人，贤人 18. indulge [ɪn'dʌldʒ] 纵情享受 19. liquor ['lɪkə] 酒，烈性酒，白酒 20. Ping-le Guan 平乐观（汉代官观)

君不见黄河之水天上来，(韵一)奔流到海不复回。君不见高堂明镜悲白发，(韵二)朝如青丝暮成雪。人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。(韵三)烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。岑夫子，丹邱生，(韵四)将进酒，君莫停。与君歌一曲，请君为我侧耳听：“钟鼎玉帛岂足贵，但愿长醉不愿醒。古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。陈王昔时宴平乐，(韵五)斗酒十千恣欢谑。主人何为言少钱，径须沽取对君酌。”五花马，千金裘，(韵六)呼儿将出换美酒，与尔同销万古愁。现在再讲一篇李白的古题乐府诗《将进酒》，也是汉代短箫铙歌之一。汉代乐府歌辞原文，因为声辞杂写，故不能了解其意义。只有第一句是“将进酒”，后世文人拟作，都是吟咏饮酒之事。李白此诗，也沿袭旧传统，以饮酒为题材。这首诗用三言、五言、七言句法错杂结构而成，一气奔注，音节极其急促，表现了作者牢骚愤慨的情绪。文字通俗明白，没有晦涩费解的句子，这是李白最自然流畅的作品。全诗转换了六个韵。第一、二韵六句合为一段。此后每韵自成一个思想段落。开头四句用两个“君不见”引起你注意两种现象：“黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”是比喻光阴一去不会重回，“高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”是说人生很快便会衰老。青春既不会回来，反而很容易马上进入老年，所以人生在得意的时候，应当尽量饮酒作乐，不要使酒杯空对明月。这是第一段的内容，它也象《蜀道难》一样，一开头就从题目正面落笔。“君不见”是汉代乐府里已经出现的表现方法，意思是“你没有看见吗?”跟我们现在新诗里用“看啊”、“你瞧”一样，是为了加强下文的语气。李白诗中常用“君不见”，这三个字不是诗的正文，读的时候应当快些。我们如果把两个“君不见”都删掉，也没有关系，诗意并无残缺。而且删掉之后，这一段就是整整齐齐的六个七言句，更可以看出这两个“君不见”是附加成分。在七言歌行中，这一类的附加成分，我们借用一个南北曲的名词，称之为“衬词”，因为它们只起陪衬的作用，不是歌曲的正文，唱起来也不占节拍。但是，如果“君不见”三字不在七言句之外，那就不能算是衬词。李白另一首诗云：“君不见梁王池上月，昔照梁王樽酒中。”(《携妓登梁王栖霞山孟氏桃园中》)这又是一种用法。如果把这个“君不见”也作为衬词，则第一句只有五字，而全诗却都是七言句。如果把“君不见”认为诗的正文，则这一句有八言了。在这种情况下，我们只能说：全句仍是七言，多出来的一个字是衬字。“君不见”三字只抵二字用，应当读得快，让它们只占两个字的音节。南北曲和弹词里，这种衬词很多，因此产生了这个名词。唐代虽然还没有这个名词，但象“君不见”之类的附加成分，实在已是曲子里用衬词的萌芽。此外，李白还有一首《答王十二寒夜独酌有怀》，中有：君不见，李北海，英风豪气今何在?君不见，裴尚书，土坟三尺蒿藜居。这是构成了两个三字句，也不能说是衬词了。第二段四句，大意说：天既生我这个人材，一定会有用处。千金用完，也不必担优，总会得再有的。眼前不妨暂且烹羊宰牛，快乐一下。应该放量饮酒，一饮就是三百杯。这一段诗，表面上非常豪放，其实反映着作者的牢骚与悲愤。言外之意是象我这样的人材，不被重用，以致穷困得在江湖上流浪。第三段再对两个酒友发泄自己的牢骚。岑夫子是岑勋，年龄较长，故称为夫子。丹邱生是一个讲究炼丹的道士元丹邱，李白跟他学道求仙，做了许多诗送他。这里，诗人劝他们尽管开怀畅饮，不要停下酒杯。我唱个饮酒歌给你们两位听：钟鼎玉帛，这种富贵排场的享乐，我以为不值得重视，我只愿意永远醉着不醒。自古以来，一切圣人、贤人都已经寂寞无名，谁也不知道他们。只有喝酒的人，象刘伶、陶渊明这些人，倒是千古留名的。从前陈思王曹植有两句诗道：“归来宴平乐，美酒斗十千。”(《名都篇》)是说他打猎回来，在平乐观里宴请朋友和从臣，饮万钱一斗的美酒，大家尽情欢乐谈笑，现在我们的主人为什么说没有钱，舍不得打酒呢?应该立刻就去打取美酒,来请大家喝个痛快。这一段四韵八句就是“请君为我侧耳听”的一曲歌，是诗中的歌。“钟鼎”是“钟鸣鼎食”的简用，“玉帛”是富贵人的服御。这四个字就代代富贵人的奢侈享受。诗人说，这些都不足贵重，只要有酒就成了。“主人”是讽刺他自己，也可以说是自嘲。上文说过“千金散尽还复来”，可见现在正是“少钱”的时候。钱少，也不要紧，酒总得要喝，于是引出了最后一段三句：好吧，现在手头虽然没有钱，家里还有一匹五花骏马，还有一件价值千金的狐裘，立刻叫儿子拿出去换取美酒，和你们喝个痛快，把千秋万古以来的愁绪一起销解掉。李白的诗，以饮酒、游仙、美女为题材的最多，后代的文学批评家常以此为李白的缺点。例如王安石就说：“李白诗词，迅快无疏脱处，然其识污下，十句九言妇人与酒耳。”所谓其识污下，就是世界观庸俗。这种批评，虽则也有人为李白辩护，但在李白的诗歌里，高尚、深刻的世界观确是没有表现。他只是一个才气过人的诗人，能摆脱传统创作流利奔放的诗篇。至于对人生的态度，他和当时一般文人并没有多大不同。早期的生活，就是饮酒作诗，到处旅游。后来跑到长安，认识了贺知章。贺知章极欣赏他的诗，把他推荐给玄宗。于是玄宗留他在宫里做一名翰林供奉。“翰林供奉”是所谓“文学侍从之臣”当明皇和杨贵妃赏花饮酒作乐的时候，找他来做几首新诗谱入歌曲。这就是翰林供奉的职务。它并不是一个官。然而李白做了翰林供奉却骄傲得很。他有好些诗自画他当时的得意情况：“归来入咸阳，谈笑皆王公。”(《东武吟》)又云：“王公大人借颜色，金章紫绶来相趋。”(《驾去温泉后赠杨山人》)这是说王公宰相都来和他交朋友了。“昔在长安醉花柳，五侯七贵同杯酒。”(《流夜郎赠辛判官》)是说当时和他饮宴的都是王公贵人。“当时笑我微贱者，却来请谒为交欢。”(《赠从弟南平太守之遥二首》)是说从前瞧不起我的人，现在都来巴结我了。此外，他还有不少诗句，夸耀他的得意时候。大约正是这种骄傲自大态度，得罪了不少人，使玄宗左右那些李林甫，杨国忠之流对他不能容忍，在玄宗面前挑拨了几句，他就被放逐出宫廷。他自己说当时是“骑虎不敢下，攀龙忽堕天”，可见他自己也早就觉察到已经处于骑虎之势，正在无法脱身，而被龙尾巴一掉，便从天上摔下来了。此后，他又恢复了饮酒浪漫的生活，把自己装成一个飘飘然有仙风道骨的高人逸士，不时在诗里讽刺一下政治，好象朝廷不重用他，就失去了天下大治的机会。《盐铁论》里有一段大夫讥笑文学的话：“文学裒衣博带，窃周公之服；鞠躬踧踖，窃仲尼之容；议论传诵，窃商赐之辞；刺讥言治，过管晏之才；心卑卿相，志小万乘。及授之政，昏乱不治。”这些话都切中文人之弊。他们平时高谈阔论，目空一切，“心卑卿相”，人人自以为是伊、吕、管、晏。及至给他一个官做，也未见得能尽其职守。唐代进士初入仕途，往往从县尉做起，可是诗人中也没有出类拔萃的好县尉，而他们常在诗中发牢骚，嫌位卑官小，屈辱了他这样的人才。这种孤芳自赏的高傲情绪，从屈原以来，早就在我国文学中形成一个传统，而李白的表现，特别发扬了这个传统。我以为我们学习古典文学，对历代作家这一种世界观的过度的表现，可以不必重视，更不宜依据他们的自我表扬，而肯定他们真是一个被压制的人才。李白的诗，是第一流的浪漫主义作品，他在盛唐时期诗坛上的情况，正和雨果在法国，拜伦在英国一样。游仙、饮酒、美人，是他的浪漫主义形式；嵚崎、历落①、狂妄、傲岸，是他的浪漫主义精神。但是他对政治社会的认识，还是消极因素多于积极因素。因此，我以为李白的诗，还不能说是一种积极的浪漫主义。就以饮酒为例，李白的饮酒和陶渊明的饮酒，显然不同。陶渊明的饮酒是作为一个农民，在劳作之后，饮几杯酒，以养性全神。他的饮酒的态度是：“泛此忘忧物，远我遗世情。”(《饮酒》之八)李白的态度是：“人生得意须尽欢。”陶渊明说人家“有酒不肯饮”是因为“但顾世间名”(《饮酒》之四)，而李白却说：“惟有饮者留其名。”陶渊明为逃名而自隐于酒，李白则为争名而“一饮三百杯”。由此可知，陶渊明的饮酒，对人世社会好象是消极的，但他的人格却是积极的。李白则相反，他对人世社会好象还积极，而其人格却是消极的。我觉得李白的饮酒诗，只能比之为古代波斯诗人莪玛·哈耶谟和哈菲兹②，而不能和陶渊明相提并论。“古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。”这两句诗曾引起过一些封建卫道者的批评，以为李白过于狂妄，难道连先圣先贤如孔子、孟子者，都是默默无闻，只有酒鬼留名于后世吗?编《唐文粹》的姚铉就把“圣贤”改为“贤达”，代李白纠正了失言。这种批评，其实是多馀的，读文艺作品不能如此认真，如此老实。这两句诗，仅是艺术上的夸张手法，不必看成思想的真实。宋代人讲究诗的各种炼句方法，把这种格式的诗句称为“尊题格”。在一个对比中，为了强调甲方而大大地压低乙方，这叫作“强此弱彼”的句法。也就是“尊题”的意思。李白为了夸大饮者，而贬低了圣贤的后世之名。白居易的《琵琶行》云：“岂无山歌与村笛，呕哑嘲哳难为听。今夜闻君琵琶语，如听仙乐耳暂明。”为了夸张商妇弹琵琶的美妙，就说得江州地方没有中听的音乐，有的只是很难听的山歌与村笛。韩愈的《石鼓歌》云：“陋儒编诗不收入，二雅褊迫无委蛇。”为了夸大石鼓诗的典雅，甚至责怪孔子编《诗经》为什么不把这首诗收进去。还说，《诗经》中的大雅小雅两部分的诗都是很“褊迫”而无曲折的。甚至还说孔子是一个“陋儒”。又为了夸大石鼓文的书法，而贬低王羲之的书法是庸俗的：“羲之俗书逞姿媚，数纸尚可博白鹅。”以上二例，也都是尊题手法，在唐诗中是常见的。

Invitation To Wine Li Bai Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, Rushing into the sea and ne'er come back? Do you not see the mirror bright in chamber high Grieve o'er your snow-white hair that once was silken back? When hopes are won, oh, drink your fill in high delight And never leave your wine cup empty in moonlight! Heaven has made us talents; we're not made in vain. A thousand gold coins spent, more will turn up again. Kill a cow, cook a sheep and let us merry be, And drink three hundred cupfuls of wine in high glee! Dear friends of mine, Cheer up, cheer up! I invite you to wine. Do not put down your cup! I will sing you a song, please hear, O hear! Lend me a willing ear! What difference will rare and costly dishes make? I want only to get drunk and ne'er to wake. How many great men were forgotten through the ages? Great drinkers are better known than sober sages. The Prince of Poets* feasted in his palace at will, Drank wine at ten thousand coins a cask and laughed his fill. A host should not complain of money he is short; To drink together we'd sell things of any sort. The fur coat worth a thousand coins of gold And flower-dappled horse may both be sold To buy good wine that we may drown the woes age-old

⑴将（qiāng）进酒：请饮酒。乐府古题，原是汉乐府短箫铙歌的曲调。《乐府诗集》卷十六引《古今乐录》曰：“汉鼓吹铙歌十八曲，九曰《将进酒》。”《敦煌诗集残卷》三个手抄本此诗均题作“惜罇空”。《文苑英华》卷三三六题作“惜空罇酒”。将，请。⑵君不见：乐府诗常用作提醒人语。天上来：黄河发源于青海，因那里地势极高，故称。⑶高堂：房屋的正室厅堂。一说指父母，不合诗意。一作“床头”。青丝：喻柔软的黑发。一作“青云”。成雪：一作“如雪”。⑷得意：适意高兴的时候。⑸会须：正应当。⑹岑夫子：岑勋。丹丘生：元丹丘。二人均为李白的好友。⑺杯莫停：一作“君莫停”。⑻与君：给你们，为你们。君，指岑、元二人。⑼倾耳听：一作“侧耳听”。⑽钟鼓：富贵人家宴会中奏乐使用的乐器。馔（zhuàn）玉：形容食物如玉一样精美。⑾不复醒：也有版本为“不用醒”或“不愿醒”。⑿陈王：指陈思王曹植。平乐（lè）：观名。在洛阳西门外，为汉代富豪显贵的娱乐场所。恣：纵情任意。谑（xuè）：戏。⒀言少钱：一作“言钱少”。⒁径须：干脆，只管。沽：通“酤”，买。⒂五花马：指名贵的马。一说毛色作五花纹，一说颈上长毛修剪成五瓣。⒃尔：你。 [2-3] [4] 白话译文你可见黄河水从天上流下来，波涛滚滚直奔向大海不回还。你可见高堂明镜中苍苍白发，早上满头青丝晚上就如白雪。人生得意时要尽情享受欢乐，不要让金杯空对皎洁的明月。天造就了我成材必定会有用，即使散尽黄金也还会再得到，煮羊宰牛姑且尽情享受欢乐，一气喝他三百杯也不要嫌多。岑夫子啊、丹丘生啊，快喝酒啊，不要停啊。我为在坐各位朋友高歌一曲，请你们一定要侧耳细细倾听。钟乐美食这样的富贵不稀罕，我愿永远沉醉酒中不愿清醒。圣者仁人自古就寂然悄无声，只有那善饮的人才留下美名。当年陈王曹植平乐观摆酒宴，一斗美酒值万钱他们开怀饮。主人你为什么说钱已经不多，你尽管端酒来让我陪朋友喝。

翻译英译中论文开题报告

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。