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论文文献综述结尾模板

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论文文献综述结尾模板

文献综述的结尾部分也是总结部分,它与研究性论文的小结有些类似,将全文主题进行扼要总结,提出自己的见解并对进一步的发展方向做出预测。

结尾可以写自己开题的目的、特点和预期的成果,但要简练。

一、学位论文的一般格式和顺序 紧接英文页面之后的学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明(见附件一)需要由研究生本人亲笔签名,学位论文需要提交电子版以便于数据库管理和网上查阅。有保密要求不宜公开的论文由导师申请,院系审核,经校保密工作委员会审查后,提交研究生学位办公室批准后同意保密,保密期后自动承认使用授权声明,并予以公开。 硕士学位论文一般在三万字以上,博士学位论文一般在五万字以上。文字采用中文简体;除艺术、古籍等个别经研究生院特许的情况外不得采用繁体字。鼓励采用中英文双语写作,但上交国家及校图书馆的论文必须用中文。 本格式主要适用于理、工、医、管学科的学位论文和一般的文科论文,特殊情况经研究生院批准后执行。(一)论文题目 论文题目是论文全貌的集中体现,应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,命题必须确切、简明,题目应力求简单,也不应宽泛笼统,应能看出论文的实质性内容和工作重心。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。副题名可另起一行,用破折号与主题名隔开。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。 可公开交流的学位论文应有英文题名。英文题名另起一页,排印在英文授予单位前,其间用“a dissertation submitted to”(硕士学位论文用“a thesis submitted to”)作为标志,后面注明学位类别、研究生姓名、导师姓名、日期等。英文题名格式见研究生院主页下载区→研究生学位→英文页面格式。 (二)论文摘要(提要) 论文摘要包括题名、硕士(博士)研究生姓名、导师姓名、学校名称、正文、关键词。中文约500字左右,英文约200~300词左右,二者应基本对应。它是论文内容的高度概括,应说明研究目的、研究方法、成果和结论,要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解、用语简洁、准确,并在论文摘要后注明本文的关键词3至8个。关键词应为公知公用的词和学术术语,不可采用自造字词和略写、符号等,词组不宜过长。 英文摘要采用第三人称单数语气介绍该学位论文内容,目的是便于其他文摘摘录,因此在写作英文文摘时不宜用第一人称的语气陈述。叙述的基本时态为一般现在时,确实需要强调过去的事情或者已经完成的行为才使用过去时、完成时等其他时态。可以多采用被动语态,但要避免出现用“this paper”作为主语代替作者完成某些研究行为。中国姓名译为英文时用汉语拼音,按照姓前名后的原则,姓、名均用全名,不宜用缩写。姓全用大写,名的第一个字母大写,名用双中文字时两个字的拼音之间可以不用短划线,但容易引起歧义时必须用短划线。例如“冯长根”译为“feng changgen”或“feng chang-gen”,而“冯长安”则必须译为“feng chang-an”。论文英文封面上的署名也遵守此规定。 (三)目录 目录是论文的大纲,它反映论文的梗概。论文目录要求层次清楚,应将论文的章节按顺序编好页码,页码居页面的右侧并排列整齐。 (四)本论文专用术语(符号、变量、缩略词等)的注释表(任选) 如果有必要可以设置此注释表。此部分内容可根据论文中采用的符号、变量、缩略词等专用术语加以定义和注释,以便于论文阅读和迅速查出某符号的明确含义。 (五)正文 正文是学位论文的主体。内容可因研究课题的性质不同而有所变化。一般可包括:文献综述、理论基础、计算方法、实验方法、经过整理加工的实验结果的分析讨论、见解和结论。 正文一律用阿拉伯数字编排页码,页码在底部居中。正文之前的摘要、目录等内容单独编排罗马数字页码。 1.绪论(前言) 本研究课题国内外已有的重要文献的扼要概括,阐明研究此课题的目的、意义,研究的主要内容和所要解决的问题。本研究工作在国民经济建设和社会发展中的理论意义与实用价值。 2.文献综述 在查阅国内外文献和了解国内外有关科技情况的基础上,围绕课题涉及的问题,综述前人工作情况,达到承前启后的目的。要求:(1)总结课题方向至少2017年以来的国内外动态;(2)明确前人的工作水平;(3)介绍目前尚存在的问题;(4)说明本课题的主攻方向。文献总结应达到可独立成为一篇综述文章的要求。 3.理论分析、数值计算或统计分析 利用研究生本人所掌握的理论知识对所选课题进行科学地、严密地理论分析、数值计算或统计分析,剖析课题,提出自己的见解。 4.实验原理、实验方法及实验装置 学位论文要求对实验原理、方法、装置、步骤和有关参数有较详细的阐述,以便评阅人及答辩委员会审核实验的可靠性,并能对试验进行重复以便验证结果的可靠性,也为以后的研究者提供一个较完整的研究方法。 5.实验结果及讨论分析 列出数据的图或表,并对数据结果进行讨论,对比分析、结果推论要严格准确,避免采用模棱两可的评定语言。对反常的数据要保留并做解释或者说明,不可随意剔除数据做出有违科学公正的行为。 (一)、本科生毕业论文文献综述模板 (二)、人力资源管理论文开题报告范文 (三)、大学生毕业论文开题报告范文(两篇) (四)、市场营销专业论文开题报告范文(三篇) (五)、大学生个人职业规划论文结束语(十篇) (六)、大学生个人职业规划论文范文(三篇) (七)、大学生职业规划论文3000字(四篇) (八)、大学生形势与政策论文4000字 (九)、北京工业大学经济与管理学院祝合良教授在《人民日报》发表理论文章 (十)、大学生毕业论文通用谢辞范文(十篇) ;

综上所述,我整理的民国时期乐器大师们的一部分遗作充分反应那个特殊时代大师们对音乐的理解和创新。希望我整理的文献对大家了解民国时期的月坛有帮助。

论文结尾表述观点模板

一篇高质量的论文还需要准确表达研究思路、研究内容和成果,做到结构严谨、逻辑清晰、表达准确。论文应简要概括论文的中心内容。对于毕业生来说,有些导师在没有时间仔细阅读的情况下,会通过论文对中心思想进行总结提炼。我们首先要明确要求自己理解论文总结。这个问题的总结并不是对研究分析结果的简单描述,而是企业需要通过我们对其研究调查结果有进一步的了解,相当于水平的解读。在总结中,学生需要反映其作为研究工作成果所突出的理论教育价值或适用范围,我们也可以适当提出相关建议。总的来说,本文的结论还包括以下几个方面:首先,要明确概括研究成果所展示的内容及其揭示的原理。只有这样,才能说明这一结论在实际应用中的意义或作用,也只有这样,才能清楚地说明研究中遗留的问题,提出建设性的建议。同时也要注意文中概括的语言,避免夸张的修辞。它还需要以精确、简洁和符合逻辑的方式来编写。由于论文是严谨的学术论文,不能用无意义的句子来凑数,内容也不能太长。

一、我们可以把它分成三个层面:1. 思想观念,要缠绵悱恻自身的观念高宽比,和即将学习培训的观念高宽比,把自己塑造变成一个具备高些观念的人2. 风格上,要表明自身是一个遵规守纪的人,没有违法违纪的纪录3. 工作方面,可以遵循领导干部的规定立即地进行,没有推迟的习惯性二、本人毕业论文工作汇报的方法:1. 一定要把小结毕业论文的篇数变长,单不必过度唠叨反复,说明自身的销售业绩和对了将来的观点2. 说到本人毕业论文工作汇报,不可或缺的便是套语,可以具有充实自己文章内容的功效。【论文总结万能模板】3. 现在是互联网时代,假如在创作之中出现了标值,要一定形象化,由于数据的实质特点便是枯燥乏味的,能够适度的比照和标志的应用。【论文总结万能模板】4. 要把系列号应用的灵便上边是对本人毕业论文工作中汇报总结的提议和方法,要做一个好的汇报,防止不上所述一成不变,也不必看不上过度不便,对跟任总借的发掘是很难能可贵,不仅有自身的有点儿又要有缺陷,要保证紧密联系,不可以矛盾。我们可以可以借此机会,想他人讲解自身,大家都不于鏊不太好,要胆大,由于这一的规定便是把自己的心里胆大的说出去。自我总结就这样。在毕业论文编写进行之后,还必须尽早对毕业论文

1、不能戛然而止

我们要对论文观点进行总结,结尾是点睛之笔。通常,当我们回顾一篇文章时,我们首先看标题,然后是摘要,读完摘要后,我们将阅读引言。看完引言,我们再看结论,最后是阅读参考文献。基本上,我们可以大致判断这篇文章是否可以使用。即使是在复习硕士论文和博士论文,基本上也只需要看这几部分就知道文章是什么样的档次。

首先,让我们看看我们的话题是否有创新,如果是创新的,感兴趣的继续看。那我们就来看看我们的抽象里面有没有什么新的想法,能让人感到耳目一新。看完了,再来看看我们对这个问题的理解和判断,看完介绍,我们就可以看到研究的目的,我们的创新有哪些方面是可以接受的,然后看结尾,也就是结果和讨论。看看有没有创新,这个结论是否可以通过日常逻辑判断来推断。

2、不能够偏离前文

要全面总结论文的要点,想表达什么样的观点,之前的论证是否得出了这个观点。在复习一些论文的时候,经常会发现一些人是什么情况?他在前面做了一些研究和实证研究,但他不能通过做那些实证研究来得到后者的观点。

事实上,这是对前一篇文章的偏离,或者他背后的结论是一个对策建议,与前一个无关。其实他的文章只是两个板块,说白了就是脱节了。如果前后有两个板块,那么这篇文章就白写了。所以有一部分人知道编辑可能不看评论的中间部分,喜欢抄袭别人的结论,但这样会给评论者留下不好的印象,一定要注意。

3、不能泛泛而谈

有必要进一步展望文章问题的发展趋势,即我们下一步研究的展望。事实上,我们的每篇文章都有其局限性。大家要注意这一点。每篇文章都有其局限性,所以我们下一步的研究就是对这些缺点进行补充或改进。

如果写展望或者说不足,其实是学术界的问题,后续还要继续研究。原来导师告诉我,在选题的时候,先回顾一下国内外学术界,他们对这个问题的判断,他们认为哪里有讨论的空间,先找出这些学者认为哪里有讨论的空间,再从那里拓展我的空间。我觉得这是一个好的想法,所以一篇好的文章肯定会提出一个前景,这个元素是不可或缺的。

论文结尾写法如下:

论文结尾是围绕本论所作的结束语,其基本的要点就是总括全文,加深题意。这一部分要对绪论中提出的、本论中分析或论证的问题加以综合概括,从而引出或强调得出的结论;或对论题研究未来发展趋势进行展望;或对有关论题进行简要说明。

结论切记草草收兵,虎头蛇尾,或画蛇添足,拖泥带水。在毕业论文末尾要列出的参考文献是指在论文中使用过的,包括专著、论文及其他资料。如果是非正式出版物则不必列出。所列的参考文献应按论文参考

或引证的先后顺序排列,不能以文献的重要程度或作者知名度为排列的顺序标准。列出参考文献的目的在于:一是表示言之有据,二是对他人研究成果的真正尊重:四是方便他人查找、使用。

标准的论文

1、题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、论文格式的目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。

3、论文格式的内容摘要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百到五百字为宜。

4、论文格式的关键词或主题词 :关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。每篇论文一般选取3-5个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“摘要”的左下方。

5、论文格式的论文正文:引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。

6、论文格式的参考文献 :一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。

综述类论文结构模板

一、学位论文的一般格式和顺序 紧接英文页面之后的学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明(见附件一)需要由研究生本人亲笔签名,学位论文需要提交电子版以便于数据库管理和网上查阅。有保密要求不宜公开的论文由导师申请,院系审核,经校保密工作委员会审查后,提交研究生学位办公室批准后同意保密,保密期后自动承认使用授权声明,并予以公开。 硕士学位论文一般在三万字以上,博士学位论文一般在五万字以上。文字采用中文简体;除艺术、古籍等个别经研究生院特许的情况外不得采用繁体字。鼓励采用中英文双语写作,但上交国家及校图书馆的论文必须用中文。 本格式主要适用于理、工、医、管学科的学位论文和一般的文科论文,特殊情况经研究生院批准后执行。(一)论文题目 论文题目是论文全貌的集中体现,应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,命题必须确切、简明,题目应力求简单,也不应宽泛笼统,应能看出论文的实质性内容和工作重心。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。副题名可另起一行,用破折号与主题名隔开。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。 可公开交流的学位论文应有英文题名。英文题名另起一页,排印在英文授予单位前,其间用“a dissertation submitted to”(硕士学位论文用“a thesis submitted to”)作为标志,后面注明学位类别、研究生姓名、导师姓名、日期等。英文题名格式见研究生院主页下载区→研究生学位→英文页面格式。 (二)论文摘要(提要) 论文摘要包括题名、硕士(博士)研究生姓名、导师姓名、学校名称、正文、关键词。中文约500字左右,英文约200~300词左右,二者应基本对应。它是论文内容的高度概括,应说明研究目的、研究方法、成果和结论,要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解、用语简洁、准确,并在论文摘要后注明本文的关键词3至8个。关键词应为公知公用的词和学术术语,不可采用自造字词和略写、符号等,词组不宜过长。 英文摘要采用第三人称单数语气介绍该学位论文内容,目的是便于其他文摘摘录,因此在写作英文文摘时不宜用第一人称的语气陈述。叙述的基本时态为一般现在时,确实需要强调过去的事情或者已经完成的行为才使用过去时、完成时等其他时态。可以多采用被动语态,但要避免出现用“this paper”作为主语代替作者完成某些研究行为。中国姓名译为英文时用汉语拼音,按照姓前名后的原则,姓、名均用全名,不宜用缩写。姓全用大写,名的第一个字母大写,名用双中文字时两个字的拼音之间可以不用短划线,但容易引起歧义时必须用短划线。例如“冯长根”译为“feng changgen”或“feng chang-gen”,而“冯长安”则必须译为“feng chang-an”。论文英文封面上的署名也遵守此规定。 (三)目录 目录是论文的大纲,它反映论文的梗概。论文目录要求层次清楚,应将论文的章节按顺序编好页码,页码居页面的右侧并排列整齐。 (四)本论文专用术语(符号、变量、缩略词等)的注释表(任选) 如果有必要可以设置此注释表。此部分内容可根据论文中采用的符号、变量、缩略词等专用术语加以定义和注释,以便于论文阅读和迅速查出某符号的明确含义。 (五)正文 正文是学位论文的主体。内容可因研究课题的性质不同而有所变化。一般可包括:文献综述、理论基础、计算方法、实验方法、经过整理加工的实验结果的分析讨论、见解和结论。 正文一律用阿拉伯数字编排页码,页码在底部居中。正文之前的摘要、目录等内容单独编排罗马数字页码。 1.绪论(前言) 本研究课题国内外已有的重要文献的扼要概括,阐明研究此课题的目的、意义,研究的主要内容和所要解决的问题。本研究工作在国民经济建设和社会发展中的理论意义与实用价值。 2.文献综述 在查阅国内外文献和了解国内外有关科技情况的基础上,围绕课题涉及的问题,综述前人工作情况,达到承前启后的目的。要求:(1)总结课题方向至少2017年以来的国内外动态;(2)明确前人的工作水平;(3)介绍目前尚存在的问题;(4)说明本课题的主攻方向。文献总结应达到可独立成为一篇综述文章的要求。 3.理论分析、数值计算或统计分析 利用研究生本人所掌握的理论知识对所选课题进行科学地、严密地理论分析、数值计算或统计分析,剖析课题,提出自己的见解。 4.实验原理、实验方法及实验装置 学位论文要求对实验原理、方法、装置、步骤和有关参数有较详细的阐述,以便评阅人及答辩委员会审核实验的可靠性,并能对试验进行重复以便验证结果的可靠性,也为以后的研究者提供一个较完整的研究方法。 5.实验结果及讨论分析 列出数据的图或表,并对数据结果进行讨论,对比分析、结果推论要严格准确,避免采用模棱两可的评定语言。对反常的数据要保留并做解释或者说明,不可随意剔除数据做出有违科学公正的行为。 (一)、本科生毕业论文文献综述模板 (二)、人力资源管理论文开题报告范文 (三)、大学生毕业论文开题报告范文(两篇) (四)、市场营销专业论文开题报告范文(三篇) (五)、大学生个人职业规划论文结束语(十篇) (六)、大学生个人职业规划论文范文(三篇) (七)、大学生职业规划论文3000字(四篇) (八)、大学生形势与政策论文4000字 (九)、北京工业大学经济与管理学院祝合良教授在《人民日报》发表理论文章 (十)、大学生毕业论文通用谢辞范文(十篇) ;

综述的写法及基本结构如下:

1、写法:

(1)纵式写法:

纵是历史发展纵观,它主要围绕某一专题,按时间先后顺序或专题本身发展层次,对其历史演变、状况、趋向预测作纵向描述,从而勾划出某一专题的来龙去脉和发展轨迹。

(2)横式写法:

横是国际国内横览,它就是对某一专题在国际和国内的各个方面,如各派观点、各家之言、各种方法、各自成就等加以描述和比较。

(3)纵横结合式写法:

纵横结合式写法在同一篇综述中,同时采用纵式与横式写法。

2、基本结构:

综述一般都包括题名、著者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献几部分。其中正文部分又由前言、主体和总结组成:

(1)前言:

用200~300字的篇幅,提出问题,包括写作目的、意义和作用,综述问题的历史、资料来源、现状和发展动态,有关概念和定义,选择这一专题的目的和动机、应用价值和实践意义,如果属于争论性课题,要指明争论的焦点所在。

(2)正文:

是综述的重点,写法上没有固定的格式,只要能较好地表达综合的内容,作者可创造性采用诸多形式。正文主要包括论据和论证两个部分,通过提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,比较不同学者对同一问题的看法及其理论依据,进一步阐明问题的来龙去脉和作者自己的见解。当然,作者也可从问题发生的历史背景、现状、发展方向等提出文献的不同观点。正文部分可根据内容的多少可分为若干个小标题分别论述。

(3)主体:

主要包括论据和论证。通过提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,比较各种观点的异同点及其理论根据,从而反映作者的见解。为把问题说得明白透彻,可分为若干个小标题分述。这部分应包括历史发展、现状分析和趋向预测几个方面的内容。

(4)小结:

是综述正文部分作扼要的总结,作者应对各种观点进行综合评价,提出自己的看法,指出存在的问题及今后发展的方向和展望。内容单纯的综述也可不写小结。

写综述的注意事项:

(1)题目不宜过大:

一般来说,题目过大,则不易把握论文的中心,不易深入透彻。

(2)参考文献不宜太旧:

综述一定要反映最新的他人研究情况,如果所引述文献都是若干年前的陈旧参考文献,则不能反映最新的研究动态。

(3)引用文献不宜过多:

文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来,这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当,有无谬误,综述作者是不知道的,所以最好不要间接转引文献。

(4)综述篇幅不宜太长:

杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时,往往不注意这点,造成虚话、空话较多,重点不突出。综述一般不宜超过6000字。

(5)自己的综合和归纳:

综述并不是简单的文献罗列,综述一定要有作者自己的综合和归纳。有的综述只是将文献罗列,看上去像流水账,没有作者自己的综合与分析,使人看后感到重复、费解。

以上内容参考:百度百科-综述

文献综述论文结论万能模板

论文文献综述怎么写

一、学位论文的一般格式和顺序 紧接英文页面之后的学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明(见附件一)需要由研究生本人亲笔签名,学位论文需要提交电子版以便于数据库管理和网上查阅。有保密要求不宜公开的论文由导师申请,院系审核,经校保密工作委员会审查后,提交研究生学位办公室批准后同意保密,保密期后自动承认使用授权声明,并予以公开。 硕士学位论文一般在三万字以上,博士学位论文一般在五万字以上。文字采用中文简体;除艺术、古籍等个别经研究生院特许的情况外不得采用繁体字。鼓励采用中英文双语写作,但上交国家及校图书馆的论文必须用中文。 本格式主要适用于理、工、医、管学科的学位论文和一般的文科论文,特殊情况经研究生院批准后执行。(一)论文题目 论文题目是论文全貌的集中体现,应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,命题必须确切、简明,题目应力求简单,也不应宽泛笼统,应能看出论文的实质性内容和工作重心。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。副题名可另起一行,用破折号与主题名隔开。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。 可公开交流的学位论文应有英文题名。英文题名另起一页,排印在英文授予单位前,其间用“a dissertation submitted to”(硕士学位论文用“a thesis submitted to”)作为标志,后面注明学位类别、研究生姓名、导师姓名、日期等。英文题名格式见研究生院主页下载区→研究生学位→英文页面格式。 (二)论文摘要(提要) 论文摘要包括题名、硕士(博士)研究生姓名、导师姓名、学校名称、正文、关键词。中文约500字左右,英文约200~300词左右,二者应基本对应。它是论文内容的高度概括,应说明研究目的、研究方法、成果和结论,要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解、用语简洁、准确,并在论文摘要后注明本文的关键词3至8个。关键词应为公知公用的词和学术术语,不可采用自造字词和略写、符号等,词组不宜过长。 英文摘要采用第三人称单数语气介绍该学位论文内容,目的是便于其他文摘摘录,因此在写作英文文摘时不宜用第一人称的语气陈述。叙述的基本时态为一般现在时,确实需要强调过去的事情或者已经完成的行为才使用过去时、完成时等其他时态。可以多采用被动语态,但要避免出现用“this paper”作为主语代替作者完成某些研究行为。中国姓名译为英文时用汉语拼音,按照姓前名后的原则,姓、名均用全名,不宜用缩写。姓全用大写,名的第一个字母大写,名用双中文字时两个字的拼音之间可以不用短划线,但容易引起歧义时必须用短划线。例如“冯长根”译为“feng changgen”或“feng chang-gen”,而“冯长安”则必须译为“feng chang-an”。论文英文封面上的署名也遵守此规定。 (三)目录 目录是论文的大纲,它反映论文的梗概。论文目录要求层次清楚,应将论文的章节按顺序编好页码,页码居页面的右侧并排列整齐。 (四)本论文专用术语(符号、变量、缩略词等)的注释表(任选) 如果有必要可以设置此注释表。此部分内容可根据论文中采用的符号、变量、缩略词等专用术语加以定义和注释,以便于论文阅读和迅速查出某符号的明确含义。 (五)正文 正文是学位论文的主体。内容可因研究课题的性质不同而有所变化。一般可包括:文献综述、理论基础、计算方法、实验方法、经过整理加工的实验结果的分析讨论、见解和结论。 正文一律用阿拉伯数字编排页码,页码在底部居中。正文之前的摘要、目录等内容单独编排罗马数字页码。 1.绪论(前言) 本研究课题国内外已有的重要文献的扼要概括,阐明研究此课题的目的、意义,研究的主要内容和所要解决的问题。本研究工作在国民经济建设和社会发展中的理论意义与实用价值。 2.文献综述 在查阅国内外文献和了解国内外有关科技情况的基础上,围绕课题涉及的问题,综述前人工作情况,达到承前启后的目的。要求:(1)总结课题方向至少2017年以来的国内外动态;(2)明确前人的工作水平;(3)介绍目前尚存在的问题;(4)说明本课题的主攻方向。文献总结应达到可独立成为一篇综述文章的要求。 3.理论分析、数值计算或统计分析 利用研究生本人所掌握的理论知识对所选课题进行科学地、严密地理论分析、数值计算或统计分析,剖析课题,提出自己的见解。 4.实验原理、实验方法及实验装置 学位论文要求对实验原理、方法、装置、步骤和有关参数有较详细的阐述,以便评阅人及答辩委员会审核实验的可靠性,并能对试验进行重复以便验证结果的可靠性,也为以后的研究者提供一个较完整的研究方法。 5.实验结果及讨论分析 列出数据的图或表,并对数据结果进行讨论,对比分析、结果推论要严格准确,避免采用模棱两可的评定语言。对反常的数据要保留并做解释或者说明,不可随意剔除数据做出有违科学公正的行为。 (一)、本科生毕业论文文献综述模板 (二)、人力资源管理论文开题报告范文 (三)、大学生毕业论文开题报告范文(两篇) (四)、市场营销专业论文开题报告范文(三篇) (五)、大学生个人职业规划论文结束语(十篇) (六)、大学生个人职业规划论文范文(三篇) (七)、大学生职业规划论文3000字(四篇) (八)、大学生形势与政策论文4000字 (九)、北京工业大学经济与管理学院祝合良教授在《人民日报》发表理论文章 (十)、大学生毕业论文通用谢辞范文(十篇) ;

文献综述在不同的地方会有不同的要求,比如写项目基金申请书中的文献综述和毕业论文中的文献综述会有区别;内容侧重点不同,格式要求也不同。如下给出的模板是一般文献综述中应该包含的部分和基本的格式要求。读者在实际的写作过程中可视情况而选择恰当的方式。1、文献综述(论文标题,小二号,黑体,居中)2、摘要:(“摘要:”两个字要求是黑体小四,顶格写;摘要的内容要求是楷体小四。字数要求200-300.)3、关键词: ; ; ;(关键词要顶格写,有3-5个,格式要求黑体小四,词与词间用分号隔开)4、正文 (要求:正文的标题是宋体小四,要加粗,顶格写;正文内容是首行空两格,字体小四,不加粗;标题之间的标号统一)一、前言说明写作目的意义介绍有关的概念提供必要的背景材料描述课题的研究现状有关主题争论的焦点及发展趋势(核心主题)交待综述讨论的范围(引用文献起止年份学科范围)二、正文理论发展阶段性成果理论意义实践意义成熟可靠新近的权威可信百花齐放百家争鸣(一)历史发展:采用纵向对比的方法,要按时间顺序,简要说明某一课题的提出及各历史阶段的发展状况,体现各阶段的研究水平,说明目前达到的水平。(二)现状分析:介绍国外研究现状、国内研究现状,对比研究差距,来阐述国内研究与国外研究相比还有哪些空白点没有涉及,找到未来发展趋势,提出自己的想法和观点:首先将整理和归纳出来的资料进行排列和必要的分析;其次讲解有创造性和发展前途的理论或假说,并引出论据;第三介绍有争议的相关专家观点或学说,对其进行分析比较,指出各种的发展趋势和问题焦点,并提出自己的观点;第四,简要的介绍陈旧、过时的或被否定的观点,这样使文章更系统全面,而且这些资料也可以起到对比反衬的作用。(三)趋向预测:在纵横对比中肯定所综述课题的研究水平、存在问题和不同意见、提出展望性意见。这一部分主要是给读者以启示,使从事这一课题的工作者能看到未来课题研究的发展方向。这部分的内容要客观,不仅要指明方向,而且要指出捷径,为有志于攀登新高峰者指明方向,搭梯铺路。三、总结与展望高度概括主题内容提出观点意见主张展望发展前景简明扼要地指出目前研究中尚需解决的问题及研究成果的意义和价值,在写作中应注意给出一个较为明确的阶段性结论。一篇好的综述总结,可以发人深思,具有导向意义。参考文献(格式要求:黑体小四)[1]作者,作者.文献名称[J].期刊名称,年份,卷号,起止页码.(宋体五号)(附录:学术论文参考文献的著录格式:1.专著: [序号]作者.书名[M].版本(第1版不著录).出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.2.期刊: [序号]作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.3.会议论文集(或汇编):[序号]作者.题名[A].编者.论文集名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.4.学位论文: [序号]作者. 题名[D]. 学位授予地址:学位授予单位,年份.5.专利: [序号]专利申请者. 专利题名[P].专利国别(或地区):专利号, 出版日期.6.科技报告: [序号]著者. 报告题名[R].编号,出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码.7.标准: [序号] 标准编号,标准名称[S].颁布日期.8.报纸文章 : [序号] 作者. 题名[N]. 报纸名,年-月-日(版次).9.电子文献: [序号] 主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选).10.各种未定义类型的文献:[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Z]. 出版地:出版者,出版年.)

英文论文答辩自述模板结尾

毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版(通用6篇)

转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束,我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式,那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢?下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.

So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) : I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.

The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.

In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !

today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.

the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文

时间过得真快,大学生活即将结束,毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

Thats all. Thank you.

英语专业毕业论文答辩自述稿范文

转眼间充实的大学生活即将结束,大学生们毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备、有计划、比较正规的、比较重要的检验大学学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?下面是我精心整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩自述稿范文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

英语本科的论文答辩主要分为两部分:自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题。

一、自述(用英语完成):

1、先问好,再开始自述,自述时间为5-1分钟,要简明扼要。

2、接下来,一般要做一个大概十分钟的presentation在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩:

1、自己为什么选择这个课题?

2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么?

3、全文的.基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的?

4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何?

5、在研究本课题的过程中,发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见,自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的?

6、论文虽未论及,但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些?

7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚,在论文中论述得不够透彻?

8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么?对以上问题应仔细想一想,必要时要用笔记整理出来,写成发言提纲,在答辩时用。

二、答辩(用英语完成):

一般来说,老师会提问与你论文相关的问题。

可以是大的方面的:论文的背景知识、写作思路、论文的结构、论文所解决问题的意义等。

附:论文答辩技巧及常见问题

论文答辩是学生学习结束时必不可少的一个环节。其目的是考查学生:

1、能否听懂并正确理解老师提问的主旨;

2、答辩是否深刻、有力和流畅;

3、对论文观点阐述得是否透彻;

4、是否了解与论文有关的知识。

学生通过积极准备论文答辩不仅可以增长知识,温故知新,而且可以拓宽和加深专业知识,提高自己的能力。

论文答辩的形式是分组进行,设多个考场,每个考场有两名以上答辩老师。学生进入考场独立面对答辩老师,对老师的提问当场作答。论文答辩以答为主,以辩为辅。因此,学生在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力。听力不太好的学生,一旦由于紧张没听懂老师问的问题,可以请老师把问题重复一遍,而不是不懂装懂、答非所问地乱讲一通。如果老师重复一遍刚提的问题,你还是弄不明白,老师只好转入下一个问题了。答辩前应做好充分的准备,最重要的是熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点。

学生参加答辩,要携带论文的底稿和主要参考资料,以便入场前再熟悉一下自己的论文。答辩时虽然不能依赖这些资料,但遇到一时记不起来时,可以稍微翻阅一下有关资料。答辩时可以把老师所提出的问题和有价值的意见、见解记录下来。通过记录,不仅可以减缓紧张心理,而且还可以更好地吃透老师所提问的要害和实质,同时还可以边记边思考,使思考的过程变得很自然。

在做了充分准备的基础上,大可不必紧张,要有自信心。树立信心,消除紧张慌乱心理很重要,因为过度的紧张会使本来可以回答出来的向题也答不上来。只有充满自信,沉着冷静,才会在答辩时有良好的表现。

【拓展内容】

英语专业毕业论文答辩稿

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

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