中国的饮食文化Chinese food culture stretching more than 170 million years, is divided into raw food, cooked food, natural cooking, science and cooking four stages of development, introduction of more than 60,000 kinds of traditional dishes point, more than 20,000 kinds of industrial food, colorful and bright colors and flavors of the Feast schools, access to "Cooking kingdom" in the world. From the content point of view, the Chinese food culture to the food source involved in the development and use of utensils to use and innovation, food production and consumption, food service and hospitality, catering industry and food industry business and management, as well as diet and peace and prosperity , diet and literary arts, diet and the relationship between the realm of life, deep broad. From the extension, China's food culture from the era and techniques, geographical and economic, ethnic and religion, food and utensils, consumption and levels, a variety of folk and function of the angle classification, demonstrating the different cultural tastes, reflecting different value, and splendor. From the trait perspective, Chinese food culture and highlight the benefit sufficient to support a business-Wei Theory (vegetarian main emphasis on medicated and tonic), and pay attention to "color, smell and taste," and taste. To reconcile the realm of flavors that (distinct flavor, palatability by Jane, the "tongue cuisine" reputation), Qi is inter-change of the cooking methods (kitchen rules-oriented, flexible), Cheong God pleasing dining concept (gentle, Yue teaching at the food), etc. 4 large property has a food culture is different from the foreign countries in natural beauty. Pay attention to the Chinese food culture dishes in addition to bright colors with picturesque, but also create an atmosphere of dining with a taste, it is the personality and tradition of the Chinese nation, but also highlights the way the traditional Chinese ritual. In effect, China's food culture directly affects Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore and other countries of the East catering cultural circle of the axis; At the same time, it also indirectly affect to Europe, the Americas, Africa and Oceania, like China's vegetarian culture, tea culture, sauce vinegar, pasta, medicated, ceramic tableware and soybeans, have the benefit of billions of people around the world. In short, the Chinese food culture is a broad vision, deep-level, multi-angle, high-grade long-standing regional cultures; it is the Chinese people of all nationalities in more than 100 years of production and daily life practice, in the food source development, utensils research, Food conditioning, nutrition, health and dietary aspects of aesthetic creation, accumulation and affect the neighboring countries and the world's material wealth and spiritual wealth. 中国饮食文化绵延170多万年,分为生食、熟食、自然烹饪、科学烹饪4个发展阶段,推出6万多种传统菜点、2万多种工业食品、五光十色的筵宴和流光溢彩的风味流派,获得“烹饪王国”的美誉。从内涵上看,中国饮食文化涉及到食源的开发与利用、食具的运用与创新、食品的生产与消费、餐饮的服务与接待、餐饮业与食品业的经营与管理,以及饮食与国泰民安、饮食与文学艺术、饮食与人生境界的关系等,深厚广博。从外延看,中国饮食文化可以从时代与技法、地域与经济、民族与宗教、食品与食具、消费与层次、民俗与功能等多种角度进行分类,展示出不同的文化品味,体现出不同的使用价值,异彩纷呈。从特质看,中国饮食文化突出养助益充的营卫论(素食为主,重视药膳和进补),并且讲究“色、香、味”俱全。五味调和的境界说(风味鲜明,适口者珍,有“舌头菜”之誉),奇正互变的烹调法(厨规为本,灵活变通),畅神怡情的美食观(文质彬彬,寓教于食)等4大属性,有着不同于海外各国饮食文化的天生丽质。中国的饮食文化除了讲究菜肴的色彩搭配要明媚如画外,还要搭配用餐的氛围产生的一种情趣,它是中华民族的个性与传统,更是中华民族传统礼仪的凸现方式。从影响看,中国饮食文化直接影响到日本、蒙古、朝鲜、韩国、泰国、新加坡等国家,是东方饮食文化圈的轴心;与此同时,它还间接影响到欧洲、美洲、非洲和大洋洲,像中国的素食文化、茶文化、酱醋、面食、药膳、陶瓷餐具和大豆等,都惠及全世界数十亿人。总之,中国饮食文化是一种广视野、深层次、多角度、高品位的悠久区域文化;是中华各族人民在100多万年的生产和生活实践中,在食源开发、食具研制、食品调理、营养保健和饮食审美等方面创造、积累并影响周边国家和世界的物质财富及精神财富。希望帮到你!
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confucianism is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength comes from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confucianism (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意,尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲,有着非常大的影响。由于功夫,他们可能来到中国,学习了解中国文化的其他方面,比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天,儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》)中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。The Spring FestivelThe Spring Festivel is an important holiday in Chinese families celebrate is always in January or is often very cold at this time of year,but people are all busy and members get tegether and then have a big dinner .After dinner we like to watch is a great Spring Festival Gala on TV every year.翻译:春节是中国的一个重要的假期里的节日。所有的中国家庭都庆祝它。它总是在每年的一月或二月。这个时间通常都很冷,但是所有的人们都很忙碌和快乐。家庭成员们聚在一起,然后吃一顿大餐。大餐之后我们喜欢看电视。这里每年都有一个很棒的新春盛典。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confucianism is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength comes from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confucianism (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意,尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲,有着非常大的影响。由于功夫,他们可能来到中国,学习了解中国文化的其他方面,比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天,儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》)中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。
京剧脸谱(Beijingoperatypesof;Beijingoperatypesoffacia;;Beijingoperatypesoffacia;personality,temperamento;makeupinoperassuchasGuan;Beijingoperatypesoffacia;chara京剧脸谱(Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas)Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special feature of anational cosmetic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate spectral type, like sing, play music to the music, so called “types of facial makeup in operas”. On the types of facial makeup in operas sources, the general view is from opera types of facial makeup in operas are based on certainpersonality, temperament or some special types of figures for the use of certain colors. Red has expressed his Warriors of strong types of facialmakeup in operas such as Guan Yu, concubines Victoria, regular book; Black said the types of facial makeup in operas ming criticized people, integrity, bravery and even reckless, such as Zheng and Zhang Fei, Li; Yellow types of facial makeup in operas that vicious brutality, such as Yu Chengdu, and Dian Wei. Blue or green types of facial makeup in operas that some of the figures represented irritable, such as Dou Ambassador, Ma Wu; General treacherous court official said the types of facial makeup in operas white, bad guys, such as Cao Cao, Zhao opera types of facial makeup in operas of color painting methods, basically divided into three categories : rub face, face towel, different faces. Types of facial makeup in operas initial role is exaggerated her role with striking places and face the veins, using exaggerated by the performance of dramatis personae of personality, psychological and physiologicalcharacteristics, and using this to the entire drama circumstances, but Later types of facial makeup in operas by Kan to complex, from rough to the small, Youbiaojili, from shallow to deep, itself becoming a nation of characteristics, to the facial expression means for the pictorial arts.
Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面,从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在,下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异,中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义,在西方又表示一种涵义,甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。(一)red(红色)无论是在英语国家还是在中国,红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中,这些日子常用红色字体,因此,red letter day:指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”,因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组:red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语,翻译成英语,可不一定用“red”例如:红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine (二) yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,例如:a yellow dog 可鄙的人,卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而,英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思,如blue jokes(下流的玩笑), blue films(黄色电影)等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先,中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关:中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给新郎,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次,造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
这个很宽范的,首先你要说明什么是服饰文化以及研究其的意义。然后你要确定要研究差别或者共性还是其他什么,从各个时期的服饰的变迁来说明服饰文化的变化。建议你选择西方对中方的影响,因为现代中国的服饰已经随意西方大流而发展,为什么会出现这样的现象呢?是好还是不好?再根据你的专业或者你写这篇文章的目的确立一个意义。
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1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史,无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧,都起源于民间,并与原始人祭祀神灵,欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史,它发展快,成就高,在世界上的影响很... 类别:毕业论文 大小:95 KB 日期:2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临,中国与外界的交流越来越频繁,特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界,如同一个大家庭,参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因,各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增,同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现,跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道,这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别:毕业论文 大小:96 KB 日期:2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征:儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗,宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰,以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线,在思想上追求人格的完美,以“谦谦君... 类别:毕业论文 大小:90 KB 日期:2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:88 KB 日期:2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年,西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化;西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天,中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别:毕业论文 大小:100 KB 日期:2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天,旅游业风风火火地发展起来了,作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来,且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世,这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机,但世界上酒店发展规模空前,...
目前顶级研究参考资料:Gao, X. (2007). The Case for Literature文学的理由 (M. Lee, Trans.). New Haven; London: Yale University , R. (2006). Cosmos and Psyche: Intimations of a New World View. New York, NY: , M. F. (2002). A Narrative Inquiry of Cross-Cultural Lives: Lives in China. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 34(3), 301 - 321. Cheng, Z., & Bunnin, N. (2002). Contemporary Chinese Philosophy. Malden, MA: Blackwell , M. (1996). China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969: Not a Dinner Party. Armonk, NY: . , C. F. (1982). Native Tongues. New York, NY: Grosset & , E. L. (Ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture. London; New York: , M., Spagnolo, F., & Zhang, X. (2005). Reasoning Patterns and Logical-Linguistic Questions in European and Chinese Cultures: Cultural Differences in Scholastic and Non-Scholastic Environments. Mediterranean Journal for Mathematics Education, 4(2), 27-65. Zhang张岂之, Q. (Ed.). (2004). Traditional Chinese Culture中国传统文化. Beijing, China中国北京: Foreign Languages Press外文出版社.Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., & Stefani, L. A. (2000-1998). Communication Between Cultures跨文化交际 (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA; Beijing: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning; 外语教学与研究出版社.Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently--And Why. New York, NY: Free Press.进步。
The information revolution, the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society, where we may have no time to talk about our traditional culture. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. We eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" culture. Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected, some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost, but I think it will never be lost. Although entertainments are in abundance nowadays, traditional cultures still continue to dominate. We still regard going to a concert as a luxury. Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and space. And we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional culture. Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any time. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have e up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost,more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. There is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be lost. It is an important heritage of the whole human race. No culture, no mankind. We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our body. The traditional culture lies in life, forever continuing.。
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups. Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family. Because the Han people accounts for more than niy percent of China's population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples prise the largest ethnic groups. Although China's ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of since the implementation of China's opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas. Each of China's ethnic minority groups possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of China's ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority relation among China's ethnic groups can be described as "overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among China's ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has bee even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their mon goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, China's ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.。
这些东西都可以再网上查到!关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners. Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the pletion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass. In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never *** iled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen *** ile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si *** iled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end. Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread. 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor). After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor. From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the 。
关于长城的传说
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard wo
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures。
Our country is an old country with about five thousand years history so it has been attracting so many foreign tourists or students to e here to explore our history. Unlike other countries, China has experienced many dynasties and its culture has spread home and abroad . In terms of character, it has developed so much that we can hardly grasp every one of them though we are Chinese, let alone foreigners. So this has made so many foreigners much interested in it . Chinese Kun-fu is also impressive in the world .。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may e to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confuciani *** is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength es from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confuciani *** (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意,尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲,有着非常大的影响。由于功夫,他们可能来到中国,学习了解中国文化的其他方面,比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天,儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》)中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。
Chinese Knot or Chinese traditional decorating Knot is a kind of characteristic folk decorations of handicraft art. Appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasty (.)and popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasty (.) Chinese Knot has now bee a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts from its original practical use.
The characteristic of Chinese Knot is that every knot is made of a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. By bining different knots or other auspicious adornments(吉祥的装饰品) skillfully, an unique auspicious ornament which represents beauty, idea and wishes is formed. For example, "Full of joy". "Happiness & Longevity", "Double Happiness". "Luck and Auspiciousness as one wishes" and "Wish you a fair wind" are Chinese traditional pleasant phrases expressing warmest regards, best wishes and finest ideal.
To fit in with the needs of modern life, Chinese Knot has various products. The o main series are auspicious hanging and knitting clothing adornment. Auspicious hanging includes large tapestry, big room hanging, automobile hanging etc. Knitting clothing adornment includes ring, eardrop, hand chain, necklace and other woman's special adornments.
Today, people are fond of Chinese Knot for its characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning.
】①长期不间断地读书;②学会选书;③利用零碎的时间读书;④网上阅读要注意排除干扰;⑤兼顾阅读的深度和广度;⑥读书要快,尽快读完一本书;⑦要做读书笔记;⑧书不一定要买;⑨让读书成为像吃饭那样每天必须进行的动作;⑩读后分享和交流。收藏,学习。
以我对中国的传统文化有哪些。 用英语来表达
大家都知道,在英语课堂教学中渗透传统文化教育是基础教育阶段英语课程的重要任务。而在人教新目标英语教材中,其教学内容设计,充分展示了丰富的英美文化,扩展了中学生的阅读视野。而且,在这一阶段,使用现有教材仍是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。因此,我们在教学中要结合学生实际,充分挖掘教材,潜移默化地渗透中华传统文化教育,使语言技能的教学和传统文化意识的培养同步进行。在学习英语的过程中,让学生在了解西方先进文化的同时,也加深对中华传统文化的理解,从而发展和提高学生跨文化交际的意识和能力。鉴于此,我将在本文中,结合自己的教学实际和思考,简要地做一些分析和探究。 中国论文网 一、英语学科教学渗透中华传统文化教育的重要性和必要性当今世界,文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用更加凸显,越来越成为民族凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉,博大精深的中华传统文化是我们在世界文化激荡中站稳脚跟的根基。因此,我们必须加强中华传统文化的学习和渗透,让学生进一步了解中国的传统文化,培养他们的民族自豪感和归属感,从而自觉地践行社会主义核心价值观。(1)加深对中华传统文化的认识和理解,树立正确的文化价值观。从中华传统文化的基本特点来看,传统文化对于培育和提高人的思想、文化、审美和道德素质,有着极其重要的意义。中国古代传统文化中的崇尚道德、重视智能、强调文化艺术修养、注重人文素质的培育等思想,有利于新时期的人的思想素质的提高。而在我们的英语课堂教学中,通过中西两种文化的相互渗透和对比,可以提升学生对中华传统文化的进一步认识,避免对西方文化盲目接受的行为,使中西文化在相互联系和相互吸收中实现融合,从而树立一种进步的、创新的、正确的文化价值观。(2)渗透中华传统文化,增强跨文化意识,提高跨文化交际能力。现在的青年学生们对英美文化津津乐道,但对中华传统文化却只字不提。在我们的英语课堂教学中,适时地渗透中华传统文化教育,不仅有助于青年学生加深对中华传统文化的理解,也有助于加强他们对异国文化的认识,增强跨文化意识,提高跨文化交际的能力。而对于一个价值观和人生观正在逐步形成的青年学生来说,英语课堂教学的目的不仅是要提高学生语言学习的能力,更要教会他们用英语介绍中华传统文化的语言技巧,从而提高他们的中华文化意识和传播中华文化的能力。我们在教学中,通过不同文化价值观的对比,还可以激发青年学生对中国优秀民族文化的自豪感、成就感与责任心,并指明中华文化对现实社会的指导意义,这是英语教学的重点。中华文化源远流长,有着五千多年的东方文明历史,对西方有着很强的吸引力,所以作为新生代的21世纪的青年学生有责任和义务去传播中国优秀的传统文化。因此,在我们的英语课堂教学中,渗透中华传统文化教育是跨文化交际的需要。(3)通过渗透,激发学生学习英语的兴趣,提高英语教学的有效性。学习英语是为了交流,这种交流不但包括普通的日常交际,而且包括信息和文化的双向沟通。在传统的英语课堂教学中,其教学模式主要是以教师的知识灌输为主,学生的积极性不高,双边教学的体现不明显。而在现代的英语课堂教学中,其教学模式采用更适合于学生的多样化的有效的教学形式。因此,在我们的日常英语课堂教学中,应该采取灵活、多样的教学方式,适时地渗透中华传统文化教育,激发学生学习英语的兴趣,从而提高我们教学的有效性。在以上的内容中,我们简单地分析和探讨了在英语学科教学中渗透中华传统文化教育的重要性和必要性。那么,我们如何在英语课堂教学中渗透中华传统文化教育呢?二、英语教师如何在课堂教学中渗透中华传统文化教育(1)在英语课堂教学中,我们要潜移默化地渗透中华传统文化教育。对于一线的初中英语教师们来说,我们除了必须完成课标要求的知识传授任务以外,还要注重传统文化的渗透,也就是要对学生进行中华传统文化的教育。为了达到这一目标,教师们在备课环节就应特别注意设计中华传统文化教育这一问题。因为只有不断地熏陶、不断地学习我们的传统文化,学生才能在潜移默化的学习中认识到中华传统文化的博大和精深,从而达到一种润物无声的良好效果。因此,我们在平时的英语课堂教学中,要潜移默化地渗透中华传统文化教育,使我们所教的学生在日常的学习中就能润物无声地继承我们优秀的文化传统,并通过加深对西方文化的理解,从而实现中西优秀文化的融合。(2)在我们的日常生活中,教师要率先垂范,以身作则。渗透中华传统文化的前提是我们教师自身需要不断提高认识及专业素养,不断加强对中华传统文化的学习。只有这样,我们才能做到以身作则,为学生树立良好的榜样。由此看来,对中华传统文化的学习,教师必须先要以身作则,只有教师重视了,才能无形中给予学生影响和熏陶,从而让学生能认识到博大精深的中华文化需要新时代的新人类去继承和发扬,也才能让学生在掌握英语知识的同时学习更多的中华文化。(3)在英语学科教学内容安排上,我们要以人为本,与时俱进。与时俱进即指能准确把握时代特征,始终站在时代前列和实践前沿,始终坚持解放思想、实事求是和开拓进取,在大胆探索中继承和发展。因此,继承中华传统文化必须与时俱进、以人为本,摒弃旧思想、旧文化以及传播的旧途径,即传播传统文化必须要体现进取性、时代性、开放性和创新性。(4)在英语学科教学方法上,我们要寓教于乐,突出学科特色。在人教新目标英语的每个单元里,我们都可以找到渗透中华传统文化的题材,我们可以在课堂教学前动员学生通过自主学习,预先准备。通过教学实践发现,只有在自主的学习环境下,学生才能更有兴趣的去接触、了解中华传统文化。总之,我们在英语课堂教学中渗透中华传统文化教育,要注意设计科学合理的教学方式,使我们的英语教学寓教于乐,突出本学科的特色。综上所述,我们在英语课堂教学中,除了让学生认真学习英美文化,掌握必要的英语基本知识,形成基本的跨文化交际能力以外,还应让学生更多了解中国的传统文化,与圣人为友,与经典同行,继承、发扬中国优秀的文化遗产。同时,也让学生更加懂得自尊自立,不断提高自己的民族自豪感和归属感,从而不断增强自己的使命感。
仅供参考..摘要Abstract: 中国传统文化博大精深,其中的“德”文化经过数千年的不断发展,不断融合,形成了独立的文化体系。中国古代儒家归纳了“仁义礼智信”五个最基本的伦理道德范畴。随着社会的不断进步,公共事业处在一个蓬勃发展的阶段。在公共事业管理中存在一些道德缺失问题,一是我国公共组织的制度伦理尚未建立,个人伦理尚未规范;二是全社会的道德失范。The extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture, including the "moral" culture after several thousand years of continuous development and integration, the formation of an independent cultural system. Ancient Chinese Confucianism into the "Renyilizhi letter" five basic areas of ethics. As society progresses, public utilities are in a stage of vigorous development. In the management of public utilities, there are some moral issues missing, China's first public organization system has not yet been established ethics, personal ethics have not been standardized; Second, the whole society's moral loss. 针对我国现代公共事业管理中存在的道德问题,运用传统“德”文化的深刻内涵来解决我国公共事业管理当中的道德问题。加强法制和制度建设;加强对公共事业管理人员正确的伦理道德教育;发挥媒体作用,调动舆论的监督力量这些是解决现代公共事业管理中道德缺失问题的根本手段和方法。在现代公共事业管理中要注重以人为本及人性关怀;做到公平正义、坚守原则、恭敬尊重、礼仪文明;坚持崇尚知识、追求真理、忠于职责、诚实守信。这是由“仁义礼智信” 这五个最基本的伦理道德范畴中所得到的深刻启示。 In view of the modern management of public utilities in the ethical issues, the use of traditional "moral" culture to address the profound meaning of China's management of public utilities which the moral issues. Strengthening the rule of law and institution building, strengthening the management of public utilities the right ethical and moral education; play the role of the media to mobilize public opinion supervision is to resolve these forces of modern management of public utilities in the fundamental moral question of lack of means and methods. In the modern management of public utilities to focus on people-oriented and humane care; achieve fairness and justice, adhere to the principle of respect for the respectful, civilized etiquette; uphold respect knowledge, the pursuit of truth, loyalty to duty, honesty and trustworthiness. This is from "Renyilizhi letter," the five most basic ethical received in the areas of profound enlightenment.“德”文化"Moral" culture现代公共事业管理Modern management of public utilities道德缺失Moral deficiencies“仁义礼智信”要分开翻译仁义benevolence and righteousness礼etiquette智wisdom信credit
首先,是在传统结婚仪式上面。中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”,就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。(聘书:订亲之书,男女双方正式缔结婚约。纳吉(过文定)时用。 礼书:过礼之书,即礼物清单,详尽列明礼物种类及数量。纳征(过大礼)时用。 迎亲书:迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日(亲迎)接新娘过门时用。)而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。(纳采:古时婚礼之首,属意女方时,延请媒人作谋,谓之纳采,今称「提亲」。 问名:男方探问女方之姓名及生日时辰,以卜吉兆,谓之问名,今称「合八字」。 纳吉:问名若属吉兆,遣媒人致赠薄礼,谓之纳吉,今称「过文定」或「小定」。 纳征:奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等,即正式送聘礼,谓纳征,今称「过大礼」。 请期:由男家请算命先生择日,谓之请期,又称「乞日」、今称 「择日」。 亲迎:新郎乘礼车,赴女家迎接新娘,谓之亲迎。)而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗,比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀(蝴蝶双飞)、痰盂(子孙桶)、尺(良田万顷)、片糖(甜甜蜜蜜)、银包皮带(腰缠万贯)、花瓶(花开富贵)、铜盆及鞋(同偕到老)、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗(有衣食)、七十二套衣服,用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着(丰衣足食)等物,每样物品都有其不同的含义。同时,在婚礼进行时也有一定的顺序,按一般的情况,在整个婚礼过程中有:祭祖(男方在出门迎娶新娘之前,先祭拜祖先。)、出发(迎亲车队以双数为佳。)、燃炮(迎亲礼车行列在途中,应一路燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。)、等待新郎(礼车至女方家时,会有一男童侍持茶盘等候新郎,新郎下车后,应赏男孩红包答礼,再进入女方家。)、讨喜(新郎应持捧花给房中待嫁之新娘,此时,新娘之闺中密友要拦住新郎,不准其见到新娘,女方可提出条件要新郎答应,通过后才得进入。)、拜别(新人上香祭祖,新娘应叩拜父母道别,并由父亲盖上头纱,而新郎仅鞠躬行礼即可。)、出门(新娘应由福高德劭女性长辈持竹筛或黑伞护其走至礼车,因为新娘子在结婚当天的地位比谁都大,因此不得与天争大。)、礼车( 在新娘上礼车后,车开动不久,女方家长应将一碗清水、白米撒在车后,代表女儿已是泼出去的水,以后的一切再也不予过问,并祝女儿事事有成,有吃有穿。)、掷扇(礼车起动后,新娘应将扇子丢到窗外,意谓不将坏性子带到婆家去,扇子由新娘的兄弟拾回,掷扇后必须哭几声,且在礼车之后盖「竹筛」以象征繁荣。)、燃炮(由女方家至男方家的途中,同样要一路燃放礼炮。)、摸橘子(迎新车队到达新郎家时,由一位拿着橘子或苹果的小孩来迎接新人,新娘要轻摸一下橘子,并赠红包答礼。这两个橘子要放到晚上,让新娘亲自剥皮,意谓招来「长寿」。)、牵新娘(新娘由礼车走出时,应由男方一位有福气之长辈持竹筛顶在新娘头上,并扶新娘进入大厅。进门时,新人绝不可踩门槛,而应横跨过去。)、喜宴(时下颇流行中西合壁式的婚礼,大都在晚上宴请客人同时举行观礼仪式,在喜宴上,新娘可褪去新娘礼服,换上晚礼服向各桌一一敬酒。)、送客(喜宴完毕后,新人立于家门口送客,须端着盛香烟、喜糖之茶盘。)、闹洞房(新人被整之灾情大小,端视新人是否曾在其他的婚礼上戏弄别人,或平素待人够不够忠厚等。)、三朝回门(在婚后第三天,新妇由夫婿陪同下,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家 祭祖,甚至小住一段日子,然后再随夫婿回家。)。有此可以见到我国文化的繁琐,但不要以为繁琐是我国婚礼的特有特征,其实,不同国家虽然有不同的婚俗,但从繁复的细节与用品的喻意,都可见对婚姻的尊重和期许无分国界。在西方国家中,婚礼时有旧(Something Old)、新(Something New)、借(Something Borrowed)、蓝(Something Blue)等习俗。旧是指母亲传下来之婚纱,头饰或首饰,代表承受美好的一切;新是指朋友送的礼物如裙子,饰物,象征新的生活;借是指可向任何人借东西回来,据说从富裕亲友借来金或银放在鞋内,象征带来财运;蓝是指新娘的一些小饰物或花束用蓝色,意味着新娘的纯洁及贞洁。而在进行婚礼时,西方亦有大量的习俗。比如,在结婚时新娘总要带着一方手帕,西方人认为白手帕象征好运。根据民俗说法,农夫认为新娘在磨擦婚当天所流下的泪能使天降甘露,滋润家作物。后来,新娘在新婚汉天流泪,就变成她将有幸福婚姻的好兆头。而在婚礼典礼时,新娘总是站在新郎的左边,据说,古时候,盎格鲁撒克逊的新郎必须保护新娘子免得被别人抢走。在结婚典礼时,新郎让新娘站在自己左边,一旦情敌出现,就可以立即挥出配带于右边的剑,吓退敌人。在进行结婚晚宴时,要特别定制结婚蛋糕,根据历史记载,自罗马时代开始,婚礼结束时,人们会在新娘头上折断一条面包的材料----小麦象征生育能力,面包屑则代表着幸运。新人必须以糖霜,就形成今天的结婚蛋糕了。由此可见,西方的婚俗并不比中方简洁。其次是在服装方面。在进行婚礼不只是有仪式习俗需要遵守,在穿着方面也有讲究。中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服,象征的吉祥如意,预示在结婚后日子红红火火。而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。自罗马时代开始,白色象征欢庆。1850年到1900年之间,白色亦是富贵的象征。到了本世纪初,白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关。古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱,蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱,象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里,白色代表着快乐;其他一些地区,白色在他们的婚礼和葬礼里指示各种各样的通路典礼和意义。例如,在安达曼群岛(Andaman Islanders),白色代表一种地位的变化。“传统”的白色结婚礼服,在早期是贵族的特权。在多利亚女王时代,大多数的新娘只能穿传统的国家服装,只有上层阶级才能穿代表权力和身份的白色婚纱。一直到近代,贵族阶级的特权消失以后,白色的婚纱才成为普通新娘的礼服。而相对于西方白色婚纱的历史,中国婚礼中的大红色的凤袍的历史则较简单。龙凤在中国的神话中有着重要的地位。龙主阳凤主阴,而阳则代表男子,阴就表示女子。因此新娘就用凤表示。所以在红色的礼服上绣着凤也就很容易理解了。还有就是在一些小的习惯上面,中西方的婚俗有相似的地方。例如,中国古代有抛绣球迎亲的习俗;而西方的新郎新娘在教堂举行婚礼后,会把手中的鲜花抛向空中,如果有人接到的话就预示着他将很快结婚。中西方在婚俗上面有以上种种的差异,这和中西方人在思想思维的差异有直接的联系。中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。直到近代西方的文化传入以后,中国的传统文化才开始向西方转化,但在很大的程度上任有中国传统婚俗的礼仪。而中国人爱热闹的性格在中国传统婚礼中可以得到充分的体现。除了中西方都有的结婚晚宴以外,在中国的传统婚俗中,还有一个为新娘饯行的结婚午宴。其次在婚宴结束以后,新人的亲朋好友会去新房中闹洞房。认为在新房中越热闹,新人在婚后的生活越幸福。因此闹新房的成员们无不用所其极,用种种方法刁难新郎新娘。西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘手挽着父亲捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给你,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。她是今天最美的新娘。 在神圣的教堂上空,他们的誓言在回荡,带上永结同心的婚戒,只到神父说:“你可以亲吻你的新娘了…… 结婚是一生的盟约,你是要为之坚守一辈子的誓言。 主耶稣说:上帝所配合的人便不可分开。 这一生一世的爱情,因为今天而完美。”然后新郎新娘或是去晚宴地点或是去渡蜜月,并没有中国传统婚俗的种种礼节。另一个造成中西方差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从开始到结束到充满了浪漫气息。新娘的礼服一般为白色,新郎是黑色的礼服,使整个婚礼显的庄重严肃.到教堂去举行结婚仪式是整个婚礼最重要的环节.首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走到新郎面前,由她的父亲将她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师会要求新郎新娘对对方作出一辈子的承诺,这也是整个婚礼的高潮.然后他们会在牧师和众人的祝福下,交换结婚戒指并亲吻对方。而新娘手中的花球也不是一般的装饰用品.在婚礼结束时,新娘就会抛给到场的女宾客,如果谁接到花球,谁就是下一个结婚的人,这就使整个婚礼在欢声笑语中结束了。中国的婚礼就不同于西方,整个婚礼的主色调是红色,这也是中国的传统的代表喜气的颜色。这也就使婚礼变的喜气洋洋.在传统婚礼中,新娘一般穿着红色罗衣,头戴凤冠,上面还有一块红色丝巾.而新郎就穿着红色的长衫马褂,头戴红色大沿帽。新娘乘着大红花轿在后,新郎骑着马在前,随着红娘和迎亲队伍到新郎家中拜堂.双方家长坐在上堂,而新郎新娘在下堂成婚.整个婚礼由司仪主持,在他的指挥下,新郎新娘一拜天地,下拜高堂,然后夫妻对拜,送入洞房.闹洞房是婚礼的高潮,新娘先回洞房等待新郎,而新郎就在外招待客人,酒足饭饱后,新郎在一大堆人的簇拥下来到洞房.众人就开始闹洞房了,新郎新娘在大家的起哄下做各种游戏……这样整个婚礼就在一片笑声中结束了。
】①长期不间断地读书;②学会选书;③利用零碎的时间读书;④网上阅读要注意排除干扰;⑤兼顾阅读的深度和广度;⑥读书要快,尽快读完一本书;⑦要做读书笔记;⑧书不一定要买;⑨让读书成为像吃饭那样每天必须进行的动作;⑩读后分享和交流。收藏,学习。
一般程序为sulfoxidation 。催化剂的前兆 2 ( 毫克, mmol )被解散, [ bmim ] pf6 ( 毫升) 和甲醇( 毫升)在20 ml安瓿。硫化物( 1 mmol ) 接着其次是过氧化氢( 30 % ,水) ( 170 íl ) 。该反应搅拌为在给定的时间(反应 其次是薄层色谱法)后,甲醇被拆除 和残余离子液体提取,用乙醚(三一五毫升) 。合并醚层治疗钠 连二和水洗(三一○毫升) 。乙醚阶段 是干超过硫酸钠,过滤,并集中在真空中。那个 产品纯化常规或biotage闪光色谱法。 对甲苯基甲基亚砜( 8 B条) 。孤立的产量1 h后的 反应时间, 78 % 。核磁共振数据,在根据这些 以前转换(图3 )确定 由气相色谱分析反应混合物:的TR (甲苯基甲基硫醚) ) 分钟;的TR (甲苯基甲基亚砜) ) 分钟。 一般程序为回收的离子液体 催化剂体系。催化剂的前体2 ( 毫克, mmol ) 被解散, [ bmim ] pf6 ( 毫升)和甲醇( 毫升)在 20 ml安瓿。硫化物( 1 mmol )当时说,其次是 过氧化氢( 170 íl ) 。反应搅拌为在给定的时间(反应,其次是薄层色谱法)后,其中甲醇 被删除,剩余的离子液体中提取二乙酯 基醚(三一五毫升) 。合并醚层治疗 连二亚硫酸钠和水洗( 10毫升) 。水相 回到提取用乙醚(三一○毫升) 。合并 醚阶段干燥超过硫酸钠,过滤,并集中在 真空。该产品被孤立的由Flash色谱法。那个 离子液体相后,再用蒸发,其余 乙醚。硫化物( 1 mmol )和过氧化氢( equiv )补充说: 之后,除了甲醇( 毫升)
合成的N1 , n3-二甲基的-7/8-氢氧根的羰基咯嗪 ( 7 ) 。有关的N1 , n3-二甲基-7/8-含甲氧基的羰基咯嗪 ( 6 ) ( 1 mmol , 300毫克)被暂停在集中盐酸 ( 4毫升)和混合加热,在80 ° C时为每小时22日反应混合物被允许从冷到室温和投入十二毫升的冰水。所形成的沉淀,过滤和小康水洗和少量的乙醚和干果真空条件下。该产品获得了一个黄色的固体,在85 % 产量作为一个3:2的混合物7 -8 - regioisomer。主要产品 7 -羟基羰基衍生物:核磁共振( 400兆赫,二甲基亚砜- D6中) : ä ) (四, 7月1日, 1小时) , (四, j )条赫兹, 1小时) , (房屋署副署长, j )条 , 赫兹, 1小时) , ( , 3小时) , ( , 3小时) 。小产品8 -羟基羰基衍生金融工具:核磁共振( 400兆赫,二甲基亚砜-的D6 ) : ä ) (四, 7月1日, 1小时) , (房屋署副署长, j )条 , 赫兹, 1小时) , (四, j )条 赫兹, 1小时) , ( , 3小时) , ( , 3小时) 。合成二氢黄素2 。的N1 , n3-二甲基的-7/8-氢氧根的羰基咯嗪 ( 7 ) ( 克, mmol )是悬浮在一种混合脱气乙醇( 25毫升)和水( 20毫升) 。钯 ( 10 % )对木炭( 克,预先真空条件下)补充说: 其次是盐酸( 毫升)和乙醛( 毫升) 。 反应搅拌下,一夜之间30防扩散安全倡议的H2 ( g )项。经过26 h反应混合物过滤,通过矽藻土堵塞,在一个 schlenk配备了熔块,这是连接到一个schlenk 。 该硅藻土是水洗与脱气乙醇,直至所有黄色物质被拆掉,从矽藻土堵塞。该schlenk熔块是然后代之以一个管连接到一个寒冷的陷阱和溶剂被拆除下的真空。剩余固体被停职在水和过滤在另一schlenk熔块后,他们被左干超过磷。产品二,获得了作为一个橙红色粉末在67 %的产量。 MS (上的MALDI - TOF )为m / z calcd为c15h16n4o4 [米] + ,发现 。主要产品7 -羟基羰基衍生金融工具:核磁共振( 400兆赫, cd3od )第 (四, j )条赫兹, 1小时) , ( j )条 , 赫兹, 1小时) , (四, j )条赫兹, 1小时) , (男, j )条 , , 赫兹, 1小时) , (男, j )条 , , 赫兹, 1小时) , ( , 3小时) , ( , 3小时) , (吨, j )条赫兹, 3小时) 。轻微产品8 -羟基羰基衍生物:核磁共振( 400 MHz的,的CD3 - 的OD )第 (四, j )条赫兹, 1小时) , (房屋署副署长, j )条 , 赫兹, 1小时) , (四, j )条赫兹, 1小时) , (男, j )条 , , 赫兹, 1小时) , (男, j )条 , , 赫兹, 1小时) , ( , 3小时) , ( , 3小时) , (吨, j )条赫兹, 3小时) 。尽力了,有几个词不会
基本上没有完整的文章.但是我帮你找到了椰子的相关资料,你作文条件里要求的东西也都有介绍,你可以用自己的话组织一下,写成文章.材料已经具备,其实不难写,好好构思组织一下.材料如下:椰子为热带喜光作物,在高温、多雨、阳光充足和海风吹拂的条件下生长发育良好。要求年平均温度在椰子开花24-25℃以上,温差小,全年无霜,椰子才能正常开花结果,最适生长温度为26-27℃。一年中若有一个月的平均温度为18℃,其产量则明显下降,若平均温度低于15℃,就会引起落花、落果和叶片变黄。水分条件应为年降雨量1500-2000mm以上,而且分布均匀,但在地下水源较丰富或能进行灌溉的地区,年降雨量为600-800mm也能良好生长;干旱对椰子产量的影响长达2-3年,长期积水也会影响椰于的长势和产量。椰子适宜在低海拔地区生长,我国海南岛在海拔150-200m以下的地方才能生长发育良好。适宜的土壤是海淀冲积上和河岸冲积土,其次是砂壤土,再次是砾土,粘土最差。地下水位要求,排水不良的粘土和沼泽土不适宜种植。就土壤肥力来说,要求富含钾肥。土壤PH值可为,但以最为适宜。椰子具有较强的抗风能力,6-7级强风仅对其生长和产量有轻微的影响。8-9级台风能吹断少数叶片,并撕破小叶。10-12级以上强台风对椰子有严重的危害。条件适宜,椰子植后了年开始给实,15-18年为盛产期,单株结果40-80个,多者超过100个,经济寿命超过80年。椰树每年产生的叶片数,随树龄不同而异,盛产期前,有随树龄增加而增加的趋势,盛产期后略有降低,但仍可保持恒定。大致幼苗期年抽叶约3片,未结果幼树10-13片,幼龄结果树14-15片,成龄树12-13片。随着植株衰老,年产生叶片数相应减少。一年内,由于季节的变化,每月的抽叶数也有一定的变化。幼龄结果树每年抽出的花苞数较成年树少,前者平均为个后者为12个。一年中,抽苞数以5-6月为最多,11-12月最少。花苞抽出后经个月露出花序,称为开花,开花最多的7-9月,并且所开放的花苞中雌蕊最多,11月至次年3月最少。椰子自受精至果实发育成熟需12个月时间。[编辑本段]栽培技术繁殖:采用种子繁殖。完全成熟的椰子,只要有适当的温湿条件,两个多月的时间就开始发芽。海南普遍采用预备苗圃催芽法。选择半荫蔽、通风、排水良好的环境,清除杂草树根,耕深15-20厘米,开沟,宽度比果稍宽,将种果一个接一个的斜靠沟底45°角,埋土至果实的二分之一至三分之二。当芽长10-15厘米时,移芽到有适度荫蔽的苗圃中椰子,注意浇水、排水、除草和施肥。一般一年左右,苗高约1米便可出圃定植。管理:护苗、补苗栽后要加强管理,植后初期要适当遮荫,并要灌水保湿,缺株要及时补植。耕作、培土和间种1年耕作两次,即在11-12月结合施肥耕作1次,在8-9月再中耕1次。随着植株长大,树干茎部长出大量的气根,进行培土,加固树体。椰园可间作短期作物,如花生、豆类等。起到活覆盖和提高园内湿度的作用,利于幼树生长。椰子树需施全肥,以钾肥最多,其次为氮、磷和氯肥,但必须注意平衡施肥。椰树缺钾时,茎干细、叶短小,树冠中部叶片首先萎焉,上部叶片向下簇伸,低部叶片干枯, 下垂悬挂于树干;缺氮时,幼叶失绿,少光泽,老叶出现不同程度的老化,产量降低;缺磷时会引起根系发展不良和过腐;缺氯会影响椰果大小以及氮的吸收和植株对水分的利用。因此,施肥时要以有机肥为主,化肥为辅并施一些食盐。每年可在4-5月及11-12月施肥,在距离树基部米处开施肥沟,效果较好。若用撒施法,应全面除草松土后再施肥。[编辑本段]椰子品种椰子栽培历史悠久,在长期自然选择和人工选择中,形成许多类型和变种。近年来以栽培品种角度分析、鉴别认为有野生种和栽培种,栽培品种中又可分为高种、矮种和杂交种。 高种椰子品种介绍:该品种是目前世界上最大量种植的商品性椰子,植株高大粗状,树干围径90-120厘米,树高可达20多米,茎干基部膨大称"葫芦头"。树冠圆形、半圆形、Y形,由30-40片叶组成;叶长5-6米。结果迟,植后7-8年开花结果,经济寿命达60-80年,自然寿命长达100多年。雌雄同序,花期不同,先开雄花,后开雌花,异花授粉。所有植株均为杂合体。椰果较大,椰干品质率高。椰干产量吨/公顷。 1、 高种椰子根据叶片和果实颜色差异可分为:红椰、绿椰两种。 高种椰子以果实形状和体积又可分为:大圆果、中圆果、小圆果三个类型。 (1)大圆果:果实围径70-90厘米,果重公斤,椰子重公斤,椰水重公斤,椰壳重公斤,果实圆形、椭圆形、椭圆形。单株产量低。在高种中为数不多。 (2)中圆果:果实围径60-70厘米,果重公斤,椰肉重公斤,椰子重公斤,椰壳重公斤,果圆形、椭圆形。产量中等,在高种椰子中为数最多。 (3)小圆果:果实围径50-60厘米,果重公斤,椰肉重公斤,椰水重公斤,。果实圆形、椭圆形。产量高,为数少。 2、 高种椰子特殊类型: (1)雄性树(雌雄不育)又称超优势公树:其特征是椰叶不完全羽裂。4-5片小叶粘合在一起,小叶较宽7厘米左右(正常4-5厘米),叶片长度较短400厘米(正常450-500厘米),花序较短70-90厘米(正常110-120厘米),雄花数量多,雌花少或没有,发育不正常,植株不结果。 (2)雌性树(雄性不育):花序较短40-80厘米,花轴较短17-25厘米(正常40厘米),花枝数量少15-17条(正常36-40条),花枝较短12-15厘米(正常36-40厘米),花枝上仅着生雌花,雄花极少或没有,植株结果,产量低,植株之间差异大。 (3)雌花行特多椰树:特征是花序上雌花特别多,每个花序雌花达104-214个,每个花枝雌7-12个,比正常高种椰子树多3-4倍。花枝和花序较短,雄花数量少,产量低。 (4)多层花苞椰树:佛焰花苞双层(正常单层),有的双层花苞一样长,有的一层长一层短,叶片和花序及花枝较短,单株差异较大。 (5)多层花苞椰树:佛焰花苞多层,花序较短,80厘米,花枝多层分枝(正常不分枝)。花序枯干之后不随叶片枯干脱落,树干上挂满残留花序,有的花序全是雄花,有的雌雄同序,产量低,罕见。 (6)早熟椰子:苗龄仅3-4个月就开花,苗高约40厘米,叶片约10片,全是船形叶(未羽裂)。从中心抽出花序,雌雄同序,雌、雄体积比正常小,开花后不久植株亡,不能繁殖后代。 (7)多胚椰苗:正常椰果只有一个胚发育成一株苗,但有的椰果二个胚以上发育成苗。双胚苗常见,4-6株苗少见,最多达20多株苗,罕见。高种椰子最高可达25米,矮种椰子最高只有15米左右。高种椰子的经济寿命比矮种椰子长得多:高种椰子经济寿命约80年,而矮种椰子只有20-40年左右。但矮种椰子结果早,产量高:矮种椰子只需3-4年方可开花结果,年产量约每棵80个左右,而高种椰子要6-8年才开花结果,年产量约每棵40-60个。杂交种椰子则吸收了高种、矮种椰子的优点,具有高度低、寿命长、产量高的特点。杂交椰子的年产量约每棵180-200个。此外,杂交椰子还具有很强的抗风、抗虫害的特点。[编辑本段]地理分布椰子为古老的栽培作物,原产地说法不一,有说产在南美洲,有说在亚洲热带岛屿,但大多数认为起源于马来群岛。现广泛分布于亚洲、非洲、大洋洲及美洲的热带滨海及内陆地区。主要分布在南北纬20°之间,尤以赤道滨海地区分布最多。其次在南北纬20°°范围内也有大面积分布。我国种植椰子已有2000多年的历史。现主要集中分布于海南各地,台湾南部、广东雷州半岛,云南西双版纳、德宏、保山、河口等地也有少量分布。[编辑本段]营养价值椰汁及椰肉含水量蛋白质、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、脂肪、维生素B1、维生素E、维生素C、钾、钙、镁等。椰肉色白如玉,芳香滑脆;椰汁清凉甘甜。椰肉、椰汁是老少皆宜的美味佳果。[编辑本段]食疗作用椰子性味甘、平,入胃、脾、大肠经;果肉具有补虚强壮,益气祛风,消疳杀虫的功效,久食能令人面部润泽,益人气力及耐受饥饿,治小儿涤虫、姜片虫病;椰水具有滋补、清暑解渴的功效,主治暑热类渴,津液不足之口渴;椰子壳油治癣,疗杨梅疮。[编辑本段]饲用价值椰子作为饲料主要是椰肉榨油后剩下的椰子油饼。一般每个椰子能生产椰干,可榨油,同时可以获得椰子油饼。利用椰子油饼饲喂家畜,需逐渐添加于其日粮中,家畜习惯后十分喜食。奶牛的饲用量为每天,饲喂椰子油饼,可以提高奶牛的乳脂含量。在猪日粮中,以添加25%最好,此外,椰子树叶和椰干也为家畜喜食,但一般不做饲料利用。新鲜椰子水可以作为家畜人工授精稀释精液的一种成分。[编辑本段]药用价值以果肉汁和果壳入药。果实成熟时采集,随时取肉汁及果壳供用。椰子性味甘,平。功能与主治:果肉汁补虚,生津,利尿,杀虫,用于心脏病水肿,口干烦渴,姜片虫;果壳祛风,利湿,止痒,外用治体癣,脚癣。用法与用量:椰汁或椰肉适量;外用椰壳放炉上烧,用碗覆盖收集其蒸气,冷凝得馏油,加30%酒精混合后涂患处。备注:生长9个月的椰子,曾取汁试用于临床,紧急时作为静脉输液的代用品。中药化学成分:椰子含油35%-45%。油中含游离脂肪酸20%、羊油酸(caproic acid)2%、棕榈酸(palmitic acid)、羊脂酸(caprylic acid)9%、羊蜡酸(capric acid)、油酸(oleic acid)2%、月桂酸(lauric acid);还含豆甾三烯醇(stignastatrienol)、豆甾醇(stig-masterol)、岩藻甾醇(fucosterol)、α-菠菜甾醇(α-spinasterol)及甾醇(sterol)。碳水化合物约15%,主要有水苏糖(stachyose)、蔗糖(sucrose)、葡萄糖(glucose)。蛋白质不到5%,其中包括清蛋白(albumin)、球蛋白(globulin)、醇溶蛋白(proamine)等。含维生素B1 173μg%、B5 103μg%、B2微量、α-生育酚(α-toco-pherol)700μg%、γ-生育酚γ-tocopherol)250μg%。维生素C的含量以未成熟果中较高。果核含甘露聚糖(mannan)。[编辑本段]椰子的应用树木本身是优良的园林树木,可作为行道树、风景树木以及反映热带亚热带风光的庭院树木等。椰子纤维:拥有多种用途,如可作衬垫填料、扫帚、毛刷及海上缆绳等。特别在园艺、绝缘、腐蚀控制和农业方面。由于它吸水能力超强,在防腐方面比塑料和铁丝更为有效,而且还能为蔬菜和树木提供生长环境,已经被美国、德国、日本和欧洲用于覆盖堤岸。椰木:质地坚硬,花纹美观可做家具和建筑材料。椰叶:可用于编织,制作日常生活用品,也是日常燃料。椰花苞:可割取椰花汁酿制椰花酒,或提炼椰汁糖等。椰壳:质地坚硬,冷热不变形,可制优质活性炭,或加工成椰雕、乐器等工艺品。椰肉:可制成椰干、椰奶粉、椰蛋白、椰子汁、椰蓉及无色椰子油等。椰子水:含有维生素B和C、激素、糖等成分,是天然的清凉饮料,也可用于加工其它食品。椰油:主要是工业用油,为制皂的优质原料,发泡力强可制高级香皂、牙膏。椰子的养生功效 椰子的用途广泛,素有“生命树”、“宝树”之称,其味甘性寒,含蛋白质、糖类、维生素C、钙、钾等。椰子的汁液多,营养丰富,可解渴祛暑、生津利尿、主治热病,其果肉有益气、祛风、驱毒、润颜的功效。成熟的椰果肉富含蛋白质、脂肪,常被制成罐头、椰干等。椰子汁虽含钾量高,但含镁量也高,可增加机体对钾的耐受性。用来治疗胃肠炎脱水均有效。 椰子的营养价值 椰子是棕榈科植物椰子树的果实,它的树为重要的热带木本油料作物。椰子,原产于亚洲东南部、中美洲,目前全球有80多个热带国家有种植,菲律宾、印度、马来西亚及斯里兰卡更是椰子的主要产区。我国南方的很多省份也有栽培,其中以海南省的椰子最为著名,椰子已成为海南的象征,海南岛更被誉为“椰岛”。 椰子长在其树叶的根部,一棵椰子树一般可以结十几串椰子,每串可挂果一、二十个。椰子果为核果,一般为椭圆形或卵状,有的呈三棱。未成熟的椰子为青绿色,成熟后呈暗褐棕色,一个成熟的中等大小的椰子果有1500———2000克。椰子外皮厚滑且软,可保护果实落地时不致于破碎,又可以防止水分的侵入。在吃椰子时,要先剥掉外皮,落出硬壳,硬壳上有几个白点,将其捅开,用吸管吸椰汁,之后再用刀刮取内侧的白色果肉,冷冻后吃味道更佳。而且食用椰子的学问也很多,如椰汁离开椰壳味道则变;上午倒出的椰汁较甜,下午较淡。新鲜的椰汁“清如水甜如蜜”,饮后清凉、甘甜、可口,风味独特,营养价值高,是解暑的最佳饮品。椰肉芳香滑脆,它除可作为水果食用以外,还可以做成菜肴或蜜饯:海南人常用海南优质糯米、天然椰肉及椰汁制成“椰子饭”,也称做“椰子船”。另外用椰子做成的菜肴还有:椰子炖鸡,琼州椰子盅等。 椰子的营养价值很高。我国的中医认为,椰肉味甘,性平,具有补益脾胃、杀虫消疳的功效;椰汁味甘,性温,有生津、利水等功能。现代医学研究表明,椰肉中含有蛋白质、碳水化合物;椰油中含有糖份、维生素 B1、维生素 B2、维生素 C等;椰汁含有的营养成分更多,如果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素 B、维生素 C以及钙、磷、铁等微量元素及矿物质。由此可以看出椰子是药食两用的佳品。当脾胃倦怠、食欲不振、四肢乏力、身体虚弱时,将椰肉切碎,并加入适量的鸡肉和糯米,蒸熟后饮食,效力更佳,因为鸡肉、糯米及椰肉三者皆滋补,用炖汤的方式处理,补益功效更加显著;椰子中加入冬瓜子可泻肺火;加性凉的雪肉或清补的黄耳可中和椰子的温燥;患寒咳时,也不妨吃些椰肉,能起到止咳、化痰的作用。体内热盛的人不宜吃椰子;如果您长期夜睡,爱吃煎炸食物,容易发脾气,口干舌燥的话,也要切记请勿多吃椰子。 椰子除了其果实有很大的作用外,其它部分的功用也不小:椰壳可以烧制活性炭或加工椰雕、乐器;椰干可加工成椰油;椰木质地坚硬,花纹美观,可做家具或建筑材料。椰子综合利用产品达360多种,在国外有“宝树”、“生命木”之称.[编辑本段]文献记载《海药本草》:“主消渴、吐血、水肿,去风热。”《本草求原》:“治夹阴风寒邪热。”《本草纲目》:“椰子瓤,甘,平,无毒,益气,治风,食之不饥,令人面泽。椰子浆,甘,温,无毒,止消渴,涂头,益发令黑,治吐血水肿,去风热。”《全国中草药汇编》:‘“补虚,生津,利尿,杀虫。主治心脏性水肿,口干烦渴,姜片。”宋·秦观。《醉乡春》:“社瓮酿微笑,阗缺椰瓢共舀。”宋·黄庭坚。《椰子》:“浆成乳酒醺人醉,肉载鹅肪上客盘。”民间传说:相传林邑王与越王有怨,使刺客乘其醉,取其首,悬于树,化为椰子,其核犹有两眼,故俗谓之越王头,而其浆犹如酒也。[编辑本段]后记椰子是热带地方之宝,脂肪和蛋白质含量特多。随手摘来树上熟的椰子,已能提供一份好的营养餐。人们对椰子最大的误会,莫过于以为它清润。其实椰肉性温,能补阳火,且能强身健体,最适合身体虚弱、四肢乏力、容易倦怠的人享用,尤其是椰子糯米炖鸡,效力特佳,因为椰肉、糯米和鸡肉皆滋补,以炖汤方式处理,补益功效更加显著。不过,依然是老话一句,体内热盛的人不宜常吃椰子。如果你长期夜睡,爱吃香口煎炸食物,容易发脾气、口干舌燥的话,就要切记勿多吃椰子。另外,一向被誉为清热清润的海底椰,其实一样性温带补。要是你真爱椰香,可选清凉消暑的椰青水,或者弄椰子甜品时,加入其它配料来平衡,例如用沙参、百合、石斛,可清热养阴;加冬瓜子可泻肺火;加性凉的雪耳或清补的黄耳又可中和椰子的温燥。前人相信椰子能驱虫,特别是姜片虫。不过,今时今日,这种天然杀虫剂相信没有多大市场,反而是患寒咳时,不妨吃些椰肉,能止咳化痰补火。如果你不晓得分辨何谓寒咳,忽略了本身体虚、喉痒、无痰等征状,碰巧又喝了白菜汤而寒上加寒、咳个不停的话,椰肉或椰子炖鸡可以有效地舒缓这些症状。 椰子综合利用产品达360多种,在国外有“宝树”、“生命木”之称。椰子如何剥壳?如果你买的是青椰子,一般是只喝椰子汁不吃椰肉,因为椰肉太嫩,吃起来口感不好。 椰子那层厚厚的壳,要用大刀(劈柴刀或大菜刀),顺着纤维一刀一刀砍下来,见着椰子上面有三个小孔,有两个长象一样的,有一个不一样的,把不一样的小孔表面用刀刮一下,然后拿吸管一插就行了,那水你就尽情喝吧。 如果你不想浪费椰肉,把椰子放在砧板上,拿刀背在椰子的硬壳上敲几下,裂开了,就用小刀起肉,不过一般椰子汁好喝的椰子肉就不好吃,椰子肉好吃的椰子汁就不好喝。 把外层的椰棕剥开,看见上面有品字形的地方,然后用筷子或小刀在其中两个位置戳穿,将里面的水倒清,这是极品,不要浪废;再用锤子敲开,或干脆将椰子敲在地上,直至裂开为止,用小刀小心的将椰子肉剥下来,就可以吃到美味的椰子肉了