发布时间：
本人是******级管理学院工业工程专业硕士研究生（学号******），由于本人硕士论文在2***年*月*日前无法完成定稿，在学校规定提交答辩论文的时间无法提交论文，在此申请延期答辩。 本人承诺在准备下次答辩期间，定期查阅学校相关公告网站，及时了解答辩流程及时间安排，按时提交相关文件参加答辩。申请学生： 指导老师：年 月 日 年 月 日
学生毕业论文（设计）题目修改申请表 学 号 姓 名 论文原题目 拟定新题目 论 文 题 目 修 改 原 因 指导教师意见： 指导教师（签字）： 年 月 日 院系 审核 意见 负责人（签字）： 年 月 日（盖章） 教 务 处 审核意见 负责人（签字）： 年 月 日
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
先说一下Cover letter的框架，一般应注意包括以下内容：
1. 开头注意附上稿件的关键信息，主要包括Title、 Manuscript ID等；
2. 表达对责任编辑的感谢；
3. 表达对审稿人（Reviewers）的感谢；
4. 表明你（们）已对编辑和审稿人提出的建议做出相应的修改（Revisions），不用过于详细，细节性的内容可以在Response to reviewers里呈现。
现附范例（粗体部分为备注，非正文内容），仅供参考。
May 12, 2022
Joseph S. Francisco, PhD（经过第一轮审稿后，你们应该已经知道责任编辑的姓名和Title了）
Editor, Journal of XXX（职务+投稿期刊名称）
Dear Dr. Francisco,
We would like to thank you for the opportunity to revise and resubmit our manuscript ABC-2022-XXXX (Manuscript ID), entitled "XXX" by XXX et al. We found the reviewers' comments to be helpful in revising the manuscript and have carefully considered and responded to each suggestion, corresponding changes to the resubmitted manuscript are highlighted in yellow. （说明对修改内容是如何标记的，便于责任编辑查看）
We also included a response to reviewers in which we addressed comments the editor and the reviewers made （修改细节在response to reviewers中呈现）, we hope that these modifications can fulfill the requirements to make the manuscript acceptable for publication. Please let us know if you have any concerns about the manuscript and we would like to address them as soon as possible.
Thank you again for your consideration of the revised manuscript.
Sincerely,
XXX, PhD
On behalf of the authors (可有可无)
University of XXX
(Email)
以上。
(1)、简要介绍你的稿件；
(2)、介绍你对修改稿所作的revision；
(3)、感谢reviewers的意见，并说明已经回答了审稿人提出的问题。
to reviewer：其实就是在一个文档里，逐条地、认真地回答审稿人提出的每一个问题（important），届时上传修改稿时，也将esponse to reviewer作为独立的文档上传。
SCI文章修回的COVER LETTER模板如下：Dear you very much for your letter and advice. We have revised the paper, and would like to re-submit it for your consideration. We have addressed the comments raised by the reviewers, and the amendments are highlighted in red in the revised manuscript. We hope that the revision is acceptable, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
With best wishes,
Yours sincerely,XXXXXX================================================================（换页）We would like to express our sincere thanks to the reviewers for the constructive and positive to Reviewer 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXReplies to Reviewer 2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXReplies to Reviewer 3XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
注意：
1、 对于审稿人的建议一定要礼貌地回答；
2、不要利用不同审稿人之间的不同意见相互辩驳；
3、回答不利的意见，一定要有分度，不能有较真和抵触的想法；
4、无论如何都需要对编辑和审稿人致谢。
看审稿心情只不过比大修概率低而已审稿真的看心情和审稿人的科研素质我平日里没时间都是找北京译顶可以帮忙的，价格不高
1、延期答辩申请书: 因本人近期家中有急事(或得严重伤风感冒),因此无法按规定时间递交毕业论文答辩，请系统领导给予延期按排答辩。申请人：xxx。年月日。2、本人就读硕士研究生以来，师从XXX教授。研究生期间认真学习专业理论知识。所修课程总学分为29分，其中学位课程17分，达到了本专业培养计划中对学分的要求。在进入实验室参与科研以来，积极参与实验室科研项目。在参与的XXX课题中，主要负责核心理论的攻关工作，通过刻苦钻研，取得了相关科研成果，为后续实验平台的顺利搭建奠定了理论上的基础。在对科研项目研究的基础上，依据获得的科研成果，完成了对毕业论文的撰写工作，并已通过了硕士学位论文的格式审查。综上所述，本人达到了硕士研究生毕业学分的要求，完成必修环节和学位论文撰写工作，已按培养计划完成了规定的全部要求，符合毕业条件。现申请电子科技大学工学硕士学位论文答辩，请予以审查，准与答辩。特此申请导师评语该学生在攻读硕士研究生阶段，学习认真刻苦，成绩优异，掌握了仪器科学与技术领域的基本理论和专业知识，具备了较为完善的知识结构和理论水平，在理论研究与工程实践中积极参与相关课题研究工作，能够对项目中出现的问题和关键技术提出有效的解决办法。具备较强的分析问题和解决问题的能力，反映了较高的业务素质和科研能力，具备从事电子科学领域的科研工作能力。该生在论文研究工作中，查阅和分析了相控阵天线测试诊断领域国内外最新的学术文献，并在此基础上提出了自己的观点。论文撰写中所引用的资料真实可靠、研究方法正确、所得数据详实、写作规范符合要求、文章结构逻辑性强，达到了学位论文的要求。该生具备良好的外语水平，能够熟练阅读相关专业外文文献，具备较好的英语写作和会话能力。答：本人是******级管理学院工业工程专业硕士研究生（学号******），由于本人硕士论文在2***年*月*日前无法完成定稿，在学校规定提交答辩论文的时间无法提交论文，在此申请延期答辩。本人承诺在准备下次答辩期间，定期查阅学校相关公告网站，及时了解答辩流程及时间安排，按时提交相关文件参加答辩。申请学生： 指导老师：年 月 日 年 月 日
先说一下Cover letter的框架，一般应注意包括以下内容：
1. 开头注意附上稿件的关键信息，主要包括Title、 Manuscript ID等；
2. 表达对责任编辑的感谢；
3. 表达对审稿人（Reviewers）的感谢；
4. 表明你（们）已对编辑和审稿人提出的建议做出相应的修改（Revisions），不用过于详细，细节性的内容可以在Response to reviewers里呈现。
现附范例（粗体部分为备注，非正文内容），仅供参考。
May 12, 2022
Joseph S. Francisco, PhD（经过第一轮审稿后，你们应该已经知道责任编辑的姓名和Title了）
Editor, Journal of XXX（职务+投稿期刊名称）
Dear Dr. Francisco,
We would like to thank you for the opportunity to revise and resubmit our manuscript ABC-2022-XXXX (Manuscript ID), entitled "XXX" by XXX et al. We found the reviewers' comments to be helpful in revising the manuscript and have carefully considered and responded to each suggestion, corresponding changes to the resubmitted manuscript are highlighted in yellow. （说明对修改内容是如何标记的，便于责任编辑查看）
We also included a response to reviewers in which we addressed comments the editor and the reviewers made （修改细节在response to reviewers中呈现）, we hope that these modifications can fulfill the requirements to make the manuscript acceptable for publication. Please let us know if you have any concerns about the manuscript and we would like to address them as soon as possible.
Thank you again for your consideration of the revised manuscript.
Sincerely,
XXX, PhD
On behalf of the authors (可有可无)
University of XXX
(Email)
以上。
很抱歉，这个问题我们无法回答，对于这个问题我没有办法解决不敢给轻易给你方法和建议，请咨询相关人员给你正确解答，祝您生活愉快。
返修信（response letter）大抵都是长这样。
今天我们总结了开篇那些常见的套话。
1. Thank you very much for reviewing ourmanuscript. We also greatly appreciate the reviewers for their complimentarycomments and suggestions. We have carried out the experiments that thereviewers suggested（没补实验就把这个去掉） and revised the manuscript accordingly. Please find attached apoint-by-point response to reviewer’s concerns. We hope that you find ourresponses satisfactory and that the manuscript is now acceptable forpublication.
2. We would like to thank the reviewer forcareful and thorough reading of this manuscript and for the thoughtful commentsand constructive suggestions, which help to improve the quality of this response follows (the reviewer’s comments are in italics). (审稿意见斜体)
3. Thank you for your letter andconstructive comments concerning our manuscript entitled “XXXX文章题目”. We have studied your commentscarefully and made major correction which we hope meet with your approval. Weanswer your questions or comments in details in the following texts. Detailedanswer to review:
4. It is with excitement that I resubmit toyou a revised version of manuscript “文章题目”for the “杂志名“. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to revise andresubmit this manuscript. In keeping with my last communication with you, I amresubmitting this revision before the agreed upon deadline, March 16, 2012. Iappreciate the time and detail provided by each reviewer and by you and haveincorporated the suggested changes into the manuscript to the best of myability. The manuscript has certainly benefited from these insightful revisionsuggestions. I look forward to working with you and the reviewers to move thismanuscript closer to publication in the 杂志名. （这段拍马屁的写得真长哇，憋不出来的可以参考下）
5. Thank you for reading our manuscript andreviewing it, which will help us improve it to a better scientific level. Werevised our manuscript, and quite a lot of changes have taken place. So, wehave sent the revised manuscript, and a version containing all the changes tobe visible. At the following, the points mentioned by the reviewers will bediscussed: (其实我比较喜欢这种简单直白的开场）
6. Sincerest thanks for your response andreviewers comments on our manuscript. We sincerely apologise for the great timeit has taken us to respond to these comments (due to force majeaure with firstauthor), and hope that a revised version of the manuscript will still beconsidered by 杂志名. We havemodified the paper in response to the extensive and insightful reviewercomments. We have added additional explanations for non-haematologists andadditional table (Table 1) to fully address the reviewer’s comments. Furthermore we haverewritten sections of the manuscript and we hope that this comply with thereferee’s remarks. We will respond to the comments point counter point. （这段挺长的，还就返修时间过长进行了致歉）
you for your email dated xxxxxx enclosing the reviewers’ comments. We have carefully reviewed the comments and have revised the manuscript accordingly. Our responses are given in a point-by-point manner below. Changes to the manuscript are shown in underline/red/bold.
8.（需要润色）We tried our best to improve the manuscript and made some changes in the manuscript. These changes will not influence the content and framework of the paper. And here we did not list the changes but marked in red in revised paper. We appreciate for Editors/Reviewers’ warm work earnestly, and hope that the correction will meet with approval.
或者Thanks for your suggestion. We feel sorry for our poor writings, however, we do invite a friend of us who is a native English speaker from USA help polish our article. And we hope the revised manuscript could be acceptable for you.
或者 Thanks for your suggestion. We have tried our best to polish the language in the revised manuscript.
feel sorry for our carelessness. In our resubmitted manuscript, the typo is revised. Thanks for your correction.
或者We have carefully checked the manuscript and corrected the errors accordingly.
10.（返修让加文献）We sincerely appreciate the valuable comments. We have checked the literatures carefully and added more references on ___ and___ into the INTRODUCTION part in the revised manuscript.
参考文献1
参考文献2
have investigated the recyclable property for ___ by using ___ that have the best activity. Figure 1 reveals only slight decrease in the ___ after the three-run test, indicating very good stability of ___ in photocatalytic manuscript has been revised accordingly to clarify the above concerns.
或者We agree that more study would be useful to understand details of interaction and enhancement. At this point we do not have the necessary tool-set to study the ___. We hope, in the future, to employ ___ techniques to determine ___. This study is beyond the scope of this report which focuses on answering critical questions regarding the ___. We note also that since submission of our manuscript there has been apublication by Alex Bell and Martin Head-Gordon at Berkeley showing that Fe on Au2O3 has enhanced OER activity with DFT calculations (Ref. 79). We have added this citation and reference to the manuscript.
there are any other modifications we could make, we would like very much to modify them and we really appreciate your help. Thank you very much for your help.
for your nice suggestions. We have formatted all the references.
is with excitement that I resubmit to you a revised version of manuscript （稿号） for the 杂志名. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to revise and resubmit this manuscript. In keeping with my last communication with you, I am resubmitting this revision before the agreed upondeadline. I appreciate the time and detail provided by each reviewer and by you and have incorporated the suggested changes into the manuscript to the best of my ability. The manuscript has certainly benefited from these insightful revision suggestions. I look forward to working with you and the reviewers to move this manuscript closer to publication in the杂志名. （返修有拖延时用）
have responded specifically to each suggestion below, beginning with your own. To make the changes easier to identify where necessary, I have numbered them.
you again for your positive comments on our manuscript. 杂志名 is an influential journal which aims to improve ourunderstanding of cancer prevention/other. From all the papers published in your journal, readers have been learning a lot. Hopefully, we could have our article been considered of publication in your journal. Should there been any other corrections we could make, please feel free to contact us.
you for your kind comments on ourmanuscript entitled “文章名”. We have carefully revised the manuscript according to the reviewer’s comments. Based on the suggestions, we have made an extensive modification on the revised manuscript. Detailed revision was shown as follows. The changes to our manuscript within the document were aslo highlighted by using red colored text.
feel great thanks for your professional review work onour article. As you are concerned, there are several problems that need to beaddressed. According to your nice suggestions, we have made extensivecorrections to our previous draft, the detailed corrections are listed below.
to the reviewer’s comments, we have revised the manuscript extensively. If there are any other modifications we could make, we would like very much to modify them and we really appreciate your help. We hope that our manuscript could be considered for publication in your journal. Thank you very much for your help.
behalf of all the contributing authors, I would like to express our sincere appreciations of your letter and reviewers’ constructive comments concerning our article entitled “XXX文章” (Manuscript No.:XXXX). These comments are all valuable and helpful for improving our article. According to the associate editor and reviewers’ comments,we have made extensive modifications to our manuscript and supplemented extra data to make our results convincing. In this revised version, changes to ourmanuscript were all highlighted within the document by using red colored text. Point-by-pointresponses to the nice associate editor and two nice reviewers are listed below this letter.
would like to thank you first for all the positive comments of ourmanuscript (No.: XXXX) entitled “XXXXX”. We really appreciate your help and patience. We also think highly of the comment sof both reviewers who kindly provide professional suggestions on our have seriously thought about them and provided our response to reviewers. Forthe detailed response, please see below.
to the associate editor and reviewers’ comments, we have made extensive modifications to our manuscript and supplemented extra data to make our results convincing.（根据审稿意见，我们对我们的手稿进行了大量修改，并补充了额外的数据，以使我们的结果令人信服。）
this revised version, changes to our manuscript were all highlighted within thedocument by using red colored text.（在这个修订版本中，我们的手稿的更改都通过使用红色文本在文档中突出显示。）
you for yournice comments on our article. According to your suggestions, we havesupplemented several data here and corrected several mistakes in our previousdraft. Based on your comments, we also attached a point-by-point letter to youand the other two reviewers. We have made extensive revisions to our previous draft. The detailed point-by-point responses are listed below. （感谢您对我们文章的评论，根据您的建议，我们在这里补充了几个数据并纠正了我们之前的一些错误。根据您的意见，我们还向您和其他两位审稿人的评审意见一一回复， 我们对以前的草案进行了大量修改，下面列出了详细的逐点响应。）
for yourhelp. We feel really sorry for our carelessness. （谢谢你的帮助，我们对粗心大意感到非常抱歉。）
you for your reminding. You and theother two reviewers’ comments are all of great importance to our article. Allof these comments have contributed a lot to improve the quality of our this revision, we have written a point-by-point response letter to you asyou can see above. Meanwhile, we also wrote a point-by-point response letter tothe other two nice reviewers to acknowledge their helps and denote where we made revisions.（谢谢您的提醒， 您和其他审稿人的评论对我们的文章都非常重要。所有这些评论都为提高我们文章的质量做出了很多贡献。在这次修订之后，我们已经为您写了一封逐点回复信，您可以在上面看到。与此同时，我们还向其他两位审稿人写了一份回复信，以表达他们的帮助，并标识了我们在哪些地方进行了修订。）
feel greatthanks for your professional review work on our article. As you are concerned,there are several problems that need to be addressed. According to your nicesuggestions, we have made extensive corrections to our previous draft. We haveadded necessary data to supplement our results and edited our articleextensively. The detailed corrections are listed below. （我们对您的专业评审工作感到非常感谢。如您所知，有几个问题需要解决。根据您的建议，我们对之前的草案进行了大量更正。我们添加了必要的数据来补充我们的结果，并对我们的文章进行了全面的编辑。详细的更正如下。）
feel sorry that we did not provide enough information about XXXX.（非常抱歉我们没有提供足够的信息…..）
或it is really agiant mistake to the whole quality of our article. We feel sorry for our carelessness. We have corrected it and we also feel great thanks for your pointour. （这确实影响了本文的整体质量，我们对于自己的失误非常抱歉，但我们已经纠正了它，我们也非常感谢您的观点。）
for yoursuggestions. We feel sorry for our poor writings, however, we do invite afriend of us who is a native English speaker from USA help polish our article. Dueto our friend’s help, the article was edited extensively. And we hope therevised manuscript could be acceptable for you. （谢谢你的建议，我们为我们糟糕的作品感到遗憾，但是，我们邀请了来自美国的母语为英语的人帮助我们修改我们的文章。在朋友的帮助下文章被广泛编辑。我们希望手稿可以为您接受。）
for your careful checks. We aresorry for our carelessness. Based on your comments, we have made thecorrections to make the unit harmonized within the whole manuscript. （谢谢您的仔细检查。我们因粗心大意而烦恼。根据您的意见，我们进行了修正，使整个手稿内的单位协调一致。）
31. your suggestion really means a lot to us. Yes,it would be more understandable if we XXX. （您的建议对我们来说真的意味着很多。是的，如果我们XXX，这将更容易理解。）
to your suggestion, we havecorrected the “XXX” into “XXX”. （根据您的建议，我们将“XXX”修改为“XXX”。）
for your correction. It was indeeda serious grammatical error. And we have corrected it according to yoursuggestion. （谢谢您的纠正。这确实是一个严重的语法错误。我们已经根据你的建议纠正了它。）
34. thanks for yoursuggestions. We feel sorry for the improper wording. We have used “XXXX” as yousuggested. （谢谢您的建议。我们为不正确的措辞感到抱歉。我们已经使用了“XXXX”。）
to the reviewer’s comments, wehave revised the manuscript extensively. If there are any other modificationswe could make, we would like very much to modify them and we really appreciateyour help. “xxxx” is a journal of great popularity and prestige. We hope that ourmanuscript could be considered for publication in your journal. Thank you verymuch for your help. （根据审稿人的意见，我们已经广泛修改了手稿。如果我们可以做任何其他修改，我们非常希望修改它们，我们非常感谢您的帮助。“xxxx”是一本颇受欢迎和声望的杂志。我们希望我们的稿件可以考虑在您的期刊上发表。非常感谢您的帮助。）
附模板如下
链接：
提取码：5678
当发现论文即将或已经不能在ddl之前按时交上去的时候，可以考虑appeal。英国大学在这方面比较人性化，当学生遇到较大的生活变故（家庭变故、自然灾害、重大疾病等等）无法顺利按时提交论文的时候可以申请appeal获得延期或者免于迟交论文的处罚。给大家的建议：第一：也是最重要的一点，做好时间规划，按时提交作业。第二：当真的遇到了突发情况，可以整理好相关的材料。比如我当时是因为种植牙，在ddl前两天做了一个小手术。我提交了病历（中文扫描件）和医生签字后的英文翻译件（这里的英文翻译大家可以自己翻，保证准确即可，不一定非要找有翻译资质的机构，医生的签名更重要）证明这个手术对我确实有影响，无法顺利完成论文，最后appeal也通过了，成绩没有因为迟交受到影响。其他原因可以参照上面的例子来准备材料，只要注意1）你提交的原因是真实合理的、确实对你本人的精神身体影响很大；2）准备好文件原件和对应的翻译版；3）在规定的时间内提交即可。
这个你要和导师沟通一下先，看导师是怎么安排的，一般都会有一个时间段的，你在那个时间段完成就好了，但是首先要注意身体，祝早日康复。
经过一段时间的准备，觉得原定论文题目太大，范围太宽，涉及面过广，来不及进行全面的深入研究，为了更好的做好毕业设计（论文），顺利完成论文，与指导教师协商后，需更换题目，对其中一个问题做深入研究。
学位论文题目变更申请理由可以这样写：
在论文中期答辩中，答辩组组长认为，原标研究的内容比较狭，该论文不仅要研究应急预案在语句成分上的故障，更要理清楚句逻辑上的问题，因此将“基于句成分分析视角替换成“基于语句分析视角，后既包含了前，又囊括了我即将进行的句逻辑故障梳理的工作内容。
思路：
1、因为实际的工作和实习的实践内容发生了变动。
2、因为研究需要，需要将题目界定更加严谨。
3、因为经过一段时间的准备，发觉原定的论文题目太大，范围太宽，涉及面过广，来不及进行全面的深入研究。
扩展资料：
毕业论文的选题注意点：
1. 首先梳理导师意见和自己的兴趣，导师往往会从已有的研究基础出发来给出选题的指导意见，在已有研究基础上进行后续研究是比较省时省力的。另一方面，学生是学位论文的唯一作者，因此务必从自身兴趣出发，否则在漫长的写作过程中始终保持充足的动机是件不容易的事。
2. 进行文献梳理，这一部分在学论论文中的具体表现就是文献综述部分。这一部分至关重要，原创性是对学位论文的基本要求，如果先行的文献梳理欠缺的话，很有可能自己的研究主题已经被人研究过了，或已有比较牢靠或受学界认可的结论，这就容易导致自己的研究被动成为重复性研究，破坏论文的原创性，并严重影响后期的投稿。
此过程应注意在多个数据库进行细致全面的检索，尽量找到所有权威来源的相关文献，一方面可避免上述的问题，找到最适合自己的选题，另一方面也为下一步的研究提供思路和基础。
3. 确定选题，选题注意细致具体，不要模糊不清，不要大而空泛，不要面面俱到。就经验而言，选题越小，越容易做的严谨，也更加适合学生把握。小编在中山大学的论文指导教授曾告诫我们，本科学位论文的写作的主要目的并非是要做出多么伟大的学术贡献，而在训练学生的学术修养和学术研究能力。
因此，本科学位论文的研究对于研究意义的要求并没有期刊论文那么高，可更为重视写作的严谨与规范。
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
开题报告修改申请理由要写的严谨。实际工作实习实践内容变动，更改论文题目。研究需要，要将题目界定更加严谨。经过一段时间的准备，觉得原定论文题目太大，范围太宽，涉及面过广。