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浅谈小学英语阅读教学的点滴体会论文
英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力培养的倾向，强调课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发，倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式和任务型的教学途径，发展学生的综合语言运用能力，使语言学习的过程成为学生形成积极的情感体验、主动思维、大胆实践。提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习能力的过程。小学英语阅读教学作为一种培养小学生语言应用能力的尝试，也要以此为依据，不仅要完成传统阅读教学中传授语言知识、发展学生语言能力的任务，而且要深化课文的内涵和拓展课文的外延，把课文空间范围延伸到生活中的人和事，教会学生认识自己的生活，培养学生自信、自强、自立的品格，发展学生的人格。
教学过程的实质是教师指导下的学生个体的认识过程和发展过程。学生掌握知识、技能的过程，是一个由浅入深，由简单到复杂的逐步深化的循序渐进过程。阅读教学也应遵循这种规律。我们可以通过“导入——朗读——训练”的方式使学生获得感性认识。
一、导入——感知教材。
教师可以根据不同类型和不同内容的课选择不同的导入手段，激发学生学习的兴趣，启迪他们的心智，使他们觉得英语课好学，易学，产生兴趣。
（1）设置情景，提出问题，使学生产生读的需要，带着目的去读。阅读是对书面信息的理解的吸引，是受一定的目的或需要支配的。再进入课文的阅读，学生就感觉比较自然了，也有了亲切感，学习起来自然更容易接受。
（2）谈论有关的话题，或出示有关的画面、实物等，唤起学生的阅读兴趣，加深对阅读对象背景的了解，同时也可放松读前的紧张心理，
（3）帮助排除可能影响学生理解的生词障碍。可以用旧联新、为生词创设情景、游戏等方法学习有关生词、短语。
以上这些环节能使学生处于积极的准备状态，带着目的和愿望去读，变被动式阅读为主动式阅读，也有助于形成阅读技巧，提高理解能力。
二、朗读——理解教材。
1）质疑——导读：让学生带着问题，自由朗读课文，去和藏在文中的答案“捉迷藏”，既有有助于理解课文的大概内容，又有助于培养学生自主学习的能力；既培养其快速捕捉关键信息能力，同时产生的正确答案使其增强阅读的自信心，不断激发学生阅读的兴趣。
2）任务——精读：强烈的目标意识是阅读成功的关键。为此，阅读任务的设计必不可缺。Smith 和Elley 曾指出：“儿童只有在被给予难度与其能力和水平相当的任务时，才会学得最好。”这说明设计的任务必须要适度。精读课文是一节课最关键环节，不仅要读通课文，还要读懂课文；不仅要理清课文的主要脉络，还要对语言、句式、篇章结构进行系统的学习。而以任务促读，正好符合了精读的要求，能使学生的阅读思维更加活跃，有效促进学生阅读理解能力的提高。
理解教材是一个感性认识和理性认识相结合的辩证过程，学生对阅读对象有了感性认识，给理解教材奠定了基础。
阅读理解是在教师的指导下由学生自己对课文进行多层次的阅读。一般分一下两步：
（1）听：在小学阶段，这一过程是略读的一种主要方式，学生通过听，了解课文大意，明确文章的主要内容。
（2）精读：在这一阶段，我们可以先布置任务（抓细节/猜词义等等），这些任务应该是分层次的，让学生带着具体任务去读，在阅读的过程中寻求答案，由浅入深的进入学习，学生完成起来会更有成就感。在这一过程中，教师还能适时的启发学生根据上下文或运用构词法知识来猜测词义。
三、训练——巩固知识与运用知识。
阅读与训练是无法分割的。优化组合各种方式的训练，往往能有效地指导多层次、多角度的阅读，从而读活课文，逐步培养其阅读策略。
1）表演——活读：在精读课文后，为检查学生对文章的理解程度，可小组进行以表演+朗读的方式，再次深入课文，通过表演来直观表现课文的'内容，把课文读活，提高了学生语言综合运用的能力。
2）比赛——速读：培养学生速读能力是阅读教学一项不可缺少任务。虽然在小学阶段对学生速读技能并没有做要求，但作为一种技能、技巧的训练也是很有必要的。在充分理解课文的基础上，利用比赛的方式让学生按时间（在规定次数中所用的时间）或按数量（在规定时间里读课文的次数）认读课文，不仅能加深对课文内容的记忆，也可为以后的阅读学习做个铺垫，这种竞赛活动也正好迎合了学生的兴趣，给他们两、三分钟的时间，使他们在比赛中读出速度，读出乐趣，也不失为一个好主意。
这是输出阶段，学生在理解教材后，为了牢牢记住所学的知识，防止遗忘，需要做多种形式的训练。这也是阅读的延伸部分，我们要帮助学生观察和提取与主题密切相关的具体事实和信息，而后引导他们将这些信息重新组织，完成相关话题的表演和讨论等，让他们对知识点所适用的情景有初步感知。
阅读是英语知识综合运用的体现，正确的阅读教学方法有利于学生提高阅读技能，培养良好的习惯，我们只有通过研究学生的认知特点和阅读策略，才能制定切实可行的阅读教学方法，英语教学才能达到素质教育的目的，为学生的终身发展奠定基础。
我们在进行英语阅读教学时必须遵循小学生的认知规律，充分利用课文提供的语言材料，利用多种教学手段培养学生的良好阅读习惯。同时，开展多种生动活泼的活动，挖掘教材中含有跨文化背景和社会内容的语言想象，并结合这些语言现象，广泛地向学生传授文化、语言、认知等方面的知识，真正提高学生的英语应用能力。同时，听、说、读、写要全面兼顾，整体训练，即达到阅读的教学目的，又使学生保持阅读的兴趣，提高阅读能力，为以后高层次的阅读奠定基础。
英语阅读能力是学生英语综合能力中的重要一环，阅读能力的高低对学生英语水平的发展起了直接或间接的制约作用。培养小学生的英语阅读能力是相当有必要的，因此教师激发学生的阅读兴趣，开展有效的阅读教学活动，为学生提供丰富有效的阅读材料，营造轻松和谐的阅读教学环境，引导学生进入阅读状态并对其进行阅读策略的指导，让学生在愉快而具有创意的学习中积累丰富的全方位阅读经验，从而养成良好的阅读习惯，培养其自主学习和综合运用英语的能力，促使其成为自主的阅读者。关键词：小学英语；阅读教学；有效阅读1.引言按新《英语课程标准》规定，小学生在毕业前至少应该达到二级的目标要求。在二级目标中,读的要求有：能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，并养成按意群阅读的习惯；能正确朗读所学故事或小短文。阅读是学生语言学习发展的重要环节。小学生的英语阅读能力应从小培养起来。在小学英语阅读教学中，教师对阅读教学如何开展，在小学阅读教学中应掌握什么阅读策略，如何开展小学英语的有效阅读，养成良好的学习习惯和自主创新的阅读能力，为其终身阅读打下牢固的基础是非常必要的。这就要求教师认真剖析新《标准》的实质内涵，根据学生的年龄特点和自身的水平发展特点，充分发挥教师的主导作用，要让小学生在英语阅读中学会自我教育、自主发展。2.开展小学英语阅读活动应注意的问题要培养学生流畅的阅读能力，就了解影响或者促进阅读的各种因素。小学生在英语阅读过程中，小学生阅读效率的高低，一方面取决于其本身的知识和生活经验，另一方面还取决于其认知机制参与程度。小学生词汇量少，缺乏一些适合给小学生的阅读材料，语感能力不成熟，缺乏良好的英语阅读习惯，而且他们有着不同的生活和阅读经验，以及不同的背景知识，这些都直接或间接的影响着小学生进行有效英语阅读教学。3.小学英语阅读教学的如何有效开展激发学生的阅读动机，引导学生进入阅读学习状态教师可以利用的丰富生动阅读材料背景来激发学生阅读兴趣，故事、笑话、游戏等导入影响，促使他们迅速地进入高效阅读状态。除此之外，可以给学生提供相关歌曲、电视、录像等特殊媒体，充分调动学生的想象和联想；做足一定的“热身”准备，比如说借助歌曲开始课堂教学，活跃气氛，同时选用与教学内容body紧密结合的歌曲，也为新知的呈现埋下伏笔，自然导出Head, shoulders, knees and toes !并采用图片、录像等辅助手段，形象生动的展现阅读内容吸引学生的眼球，轻松愉快吸引着学生，变被动学习为主动学习，让学生怀着强烈的好奇心和探究欲望去阅读文章，从而大大提高了学习的效果。 提供适合其年龄特点并能让学生准确感知阅读材料，要求应具体明确在不同的英语阅读教学阶段，有着不同的阅读教学目标和阅读教学内容。同样，阅读材料也应根据不同年龄阶段的学生来安排不同的英语阅读教学活动，必须是因校而异、因生而异。学生英语阅读材料的来源应是多种渠道的，可以是教材的练习、英语书籍、英语报刊、英语杂志、英语阅读短文、英语短剧、英语故事、英语儿歌或是英语诗歌等。但务必要符合学生的阅读难度，定位要准确，阅读要求要适当具体明确，应适他们的最近发展区而定。他们通过“跳跃”之后能够取得的“果子”，因为过高或过低的要求会压抑学生阅读学习的积极性、主动性和兴趣。因此阅读材料如对一些小学低年级的学生，教师给他们的英语阅读材料只要求学生能够看懂其中10%至15%的内容，再逐渐增加阅读量。小学低年级学生的英语学习基础比较弱而且自学能力还未养成，教师必须手把手引导学生进行阅读学习，随着学生英语基础的提高和阅读方法策略的掌握，再逐渐放手。对以高年级学生来说，高年级的学生已有写的能力，适当的阅读教学活动中可以讲所学的内容进行拓展训练，从读——说——写，阅读之后可以设计一些口头和笔头练习结合的进行训练，如复述、表演、重编、续写或改写短文作为一种语言的输出，这样才有利于学生的长远发展，同时也能从阅读教学活动中不段积累阅读和写作经验，为其写作能力发展搭建舞台，提高学生对语言综合运用的能力。这就要求教师必须采取行之有效的手段，提供给合理和行之有效的多样化阅读材料，并在英语阅读活动中对学生提出具体明确的阅读要求，教师的要求越具体，学生阅读的目标就越明确，阅读的效率也就越高。 加强对学生英语阅读策略的指导，培养其自主的阅读能力在小学于阅读教学活动中，学生的阅读能力各不相同，教师应有针对性对不同阅读能力的学生给予不同的阅读策略指导。(1) 师生互动策略 这种策略比较低、中年级的小学生使用，教师通过自身的表演、讲述故事、运用录像、实物或者是多媒体等多种手段导入阅读材料，引发学生的极大阅读兴趣。如在教学中《I like eating》，教师借助图片和实物以及录像并结合自身的动作开始教学，文章里的故事又充满着浓郁的趣味性，大大地活跃课堂气氛，学生也能不由自主地模仿着老师的动作动起来。学生感知后，教师应给予明确的问题和任务，让学生带着问题和任务进行阅读训练，学生在完成任务的过程中教师也可以以小组活动的形式安排，学生读后可以进行交流阅读心得，在交流中对自身的阅读效果进行一种自我评估，从中了解到自身的阅读成果和不足之处，以及对正确阅读方法和技巧进行总结和巩固，同时阅读策略也得以培养。师生在民主、和谐的氛围中上下求索，切磋进取，结伴成长。（2）自主开放策略 由于高年级的学生已经拥有了一定的阅读经验和阅读技巧，因此这种以课外读物为主的阅读教学策略一般可以在高年级使用。教师应根据学生的兴趣爱好寻找切合学生实际水平的课外读物，成为课堂教学的所学的延伸。同时这种读物也可以由学生提供，让学生根据自身的兴趣和爱好来选择自由阅读，鼓励学生课外进行广泛地阅读。凡是学生看得懂的，要让学生去看；凡是学生讲得出的，要让学生去讲；凡是学生想得出的，要让学生去想；凡是学生做得出的，要让学生去做……努力做到教学活动、教学评估的民主性，积极创设多维度、多途径、开放式教学氛围，使学生逐渐进行独立自主的阅读能力，并养成一种良好的阅读习惯，循序渐进，切实的提高英语水平扎扎实实地从基础抓起。 通过合作交流，培养学生英语阅读能力，促使其成为自主的阅读者学生阅读后教师应引导学生对阅读质量的检查评估。引导学生对策略使用的评估。如果是合作式阅读活动，学生通过各种形式的小组活动来合作完成。这种形式实际上是学生的一个合作、互动、创新的过程。在阅读完成任务后，学生交流各自的认识和感想，在自我评估中互相评估。在这种评估中，学生能及时了解自己阅读的成果或缺憾，并及时调整自己的阅读方法方式，达到阅读目标，发展了学生的阅读能力。学生依据阅读材料在阅读之后把短文内容通过自己的方式表演出来，如角色表演或朗诵等，帮助学生对阅读材料的整体掌握和运用，是一种内化的过程，内化成为自身的语言，再将语言加工后输出，是阅读能力转化的一种升华。如在学习《Friends With English》“It’s coldin winter!”时，我给学生设计了一个问题：What’s your favorite season? Why? 并让学生分组展开交流讨论，并请每组的代表陈述自己的观点。提高了其语言综合运用能力和解决问题的能力，激发了学生阅读的动机，享受阅读带来的乐趣，为其自主阅读和终身阅读打下了良好的基础。4.结束语小学生的英语阅读教学的开展单单靠理论还是远远不够的，还必须通过实践和理论结合中不断的探索，有必要对小学生英语阅读技能的训练进行探讨与研究。我们应坚持不懈地进行实践。一个人的阅读速度不是一朝一夕就能提高的，这是一项长期的工作，培养学生阅读能力，是个渐进的复杂过程。因而教师应在小学生的阅读兴趣上培养学生的初步阅读能力，不断的探索和改进英语教学方法策略，为学生能进行大量的阅读实践，提供更好，更有效的阅读舞台，从而来提高学生英语综合能力。
开展小学英语阅读教学的论文的方法：一、有效预习——提高阅读课堂教学效率的前提在学生阅读之前,教师应及时给学生提供有关课文内容的背景知识材料和预习练习,指导学生预习。背景知识材料有助于学生理解课文,也能拓宽学生的知识面,开阔其视野。预习练习能使学生明确预习目标,使预习有的放矢。课前预习还有助于培养学生的自学能力和自学习惯,为课堂教学的顺利进行做好心理和知识上的准备。二、有效练习——拓展阅读能力的空间在小学阶段,我们强调教师抓住小学英语教学的三个要点:兴趣+情景+活动,采用诸如Look and Say这一类的方法,借助图片、录像或假设的情景,让学生对语言感知,对课文内容感知,使他们产生阅读的欲望。在阅读课后,教师不但要让学生练习、巩固和扩展在阅读课中新学到的语言知识,还要发展其说和写的能力。课后练习有多种多样,教师要针对不同的阅读课而设计练习形式,如缩写、改写课文、复述故事等。在关注课后练习的同时,为了培养学生良好的阅读习惯和阅读技能,教师还可以布置课后阅读,延伸课堂阅读。阅读后可以以手抄报或英语读书笔记的形式展出,给学生搭建一座展示自己英语学习风采和获得成功感的平台。三、阅读环境——营造阅读活动的氛围阅读环境是学生可以在其中进行自由探索和自主阅读的场所。在此环境中,学生可以利用各种工具和信息资源(文字材料、书籍、英汉双解词典、音像资料、多媒体课件以及Internet上的信息等)来达到自己的学习目标。教师应按学生层次的不同因材施教,给予不同的指导。在这一过程中,学生不仅能得到教师的帮助与支持,而且学生之间也可以相互协作和支持。阅读应当被促进和支持而不应受到严格的控制与支配;阅读环境则是一个支持和促进学习的场所。以学生为主体的阅读教学活动意味着给学生更多的主动与自由,充分发挥学生使用工具和利用资源的自觉性、选择性。四、师生角色——有效阅读的策略阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。小学生刚刚接触英语,并不知道如何很好地去阅读,因此在阅读教学过程中教师应注意学生阅读习惯的培养:(1)培养学生默读的习惯;(2)培养学生根据意群认读的习惯;(3)培养学生猜词的习惯。在课堂活动中,教师可请学生做“老师”,解释句子,分析文章结构和段落,综合文章的中心思想。让学生分析、综合教材,难度比较大,教师有必要对其不足之处进行修正、补充和评议,帮助学生正确理解课文。虽然学生未必能够对课文中的句、段作出令人满意的分析.但这一过程实践却锻炼了学生分析综合问题的能力。同时,教师鼓励学生在学习过程中主动探索、积极交流,使原来由教师来解决的问题在讨论中共同求解,能使学生的主体意识得到进一步激发,主体地位得到进一步体现。通过这些活动,学生在自导与互补中掌握了学习方法,形成了学习的能力。小学英语阅读教学是一个新生事物,还需要我们不断去实践,去研究。作为小学英语教师,我们要充分发挥阅读教学的作用,培养学生良好的阅读习惯,为学生的终身发展奠定基础。
ows old merely by a number of years
开展小学英语阅读教学的论文的方法：一、有效预习——提高阅读课堂教学效率的前提在学生阅读之前,教师应及时给学生提供有关课文内容的背景知识材料和预习练习,指导学生预习。背景知识材料有助于学生理解课文,也能拓宽学生的知识面,开阔其视野。预习练习能使学生明确预习目标,使预习有的放矢。课前预习还有助于培养学生的自学能力和自学习惯,为课堂教学的顺利进行做好心理和知识上的准备。二、有效练习——拓展阅读能力的空间在小学阶段,我们强调教师抓住小学英语教学的三个要点:兴趣+情景+活动,采用诸如Look and Say这一类的方法,借助图片、录像或假设的情景,让学生对语言感知,对课文内容感知,使他们产生阅读的欲望。在阅读课后,教师不但要让学生练习、巩固和扩展在阅读课中新学到的语言知识,还要发展其说和写的能力。课后练习有多种多样,教师要针对不同的阅读课而设计练习形式,如缩写、改写课文、复述故事等。在关注课后练习的同时,为了培养学生良好的阅读习惯和阅读技能,教师还可以布置课后阅读,延伸课堂阅读。阅读后可以以手抄报或英语读书笔记的形式展出,给学生搭建一座展示自己英语学习风采和获得成功感的平台。三、阅读环境——营造阅读活动的氛围阅读环境是学生可以在其中进行自由探索和自主阅读的场所。在此环境中,学生可以利用各种工具和信息资源(文字材料、书籍、英汉双解词典、音像资料、多媒体课件以及Internet上的信息等)来达到自己的学习目标。教师应按学生层次的不同因材施教,给予不同的指导。在这一过程中,学生不仅能得到教师的帮助与支持,而且学生之间也可以相互协作和支持。阅读应当被促进和支持而不应受到严格的控制与支配;阅读环境则是一个支持和促进学习的场所。以学生为主体的阅读教学活动意味着给学生更多的主动与自由,充分发挥学生使用工具和利用资源的自觉性、选择性。四、师生角色——有效阅读的策略阅读习惯的好坏直接影响着阅读的效率。小学生刚刚接触英语,并不知道如何很好地去阅读,因此在阅读教学过程中教师应注意学生阅读习惯的培养:(1)培养学生默读的习惯;(2)培养学生根据意群认读的习惯;(3)培养学生猜词的习惯。在课堂活动中,教师可请学生做“老师”,解释句子,分析文章结构和段落,综合文章的中心思想。让学生分析、综合教材,难度比较大,教师有必要对其不足之处进行修正、补充和评议,帮助学生正确理解课文。虽然学生未必能够对课文中的句、段作出令人满意的分析.但这一过程实践却锻炼了学生分析综合问题的能力。同时,教师鼓励学生在学习过程中主动探索、积极交流,使原来由教师来解决的问题在讨论中共同求解,能使学生的主体意识得到进一步激发,主体地位得到进一步体现。通过这些活动,学生在自导与互补中掌握了学习方法,形成了学习的能力。小学英语阅读教学是一个新生事物,还需要我们不断去实践,去研究。作为小学英语教师,我们要充分发挥阅读教学的作用,培养学生良好的阅读习惯,为学生的终身发展奠定基础。
英语阅读能力是学生英语综合能力中的重要一环，阅读能力的高低对学生英语水平的发展起了直接或间接的制约作用。培养小学生的英语阅读能力是相当有必要的，因此教师激发学生的阅读兴趣，开展有效的阅读教学活动，为学生提供丰富有效的阅读材料，营造轻松和谐的阅读教学环境，引导学生进入阅读状态并对其进行阅读策略的指导，让学生在愉快而具有创意的学习中积累丰富的全方位阅读经验，从而养成良好的阅读习惯，培养其自主学习和综合运用英语的能力，促使其成为自主的阅读者。关键词：小学英语；阅读教学；有效阅读1.引言按新《英语课程标准》规定，小学生在毕业前至少应该达到二级的目标要求。在二级目标中,读的要求有：能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，并养成按意群阅读的习惯；能正确朗读所学故事或小短文。阅读是学生语言学习发展的重要环节。小学生的英语阅读能力应从小培养起来。在小学英语阅读教学中，教师对阅读教学如何开展，在小学阅读教学中应掌握什么阅读策略，如何开展小学英语的有效阅读，养成良好的学习习惯和自主创新的阅读能力，为其终身阅读打下牢固的基础是非常必要的。这就要求教师认真剖析新《标准》的实质内涵，根据学生的年龄特点和自身的水平发展特点，充分发挥教师的主导作用，要让小学生在英语阅读中学会自我教育、自主发展。2.开展小学英语阅读活动应注意的问题要培养学生流畅的阅读能力，就了解影响或者促进阅读的各种因素。小学生在英语阅读过程中，小学生阅读效率的高低，一方面取决于其本身的知识和生活经验，另一方面还取决于其认知机制参与程度。小学生词汇量少，缺乏一些适合给小学生的阅读材料，语感能力不成熟，缺乏良好的英语阅读习惯，而且他们有着不同的生活和阅读经验，以及不同的背景知识，这些都直接或间接的影响着小学生进行有效英语阅读教学。3.小学英语阅读教学的如何有效开展激发学生的阅读动机，引导学生进入阅读学习状态教师可以利用的丰富生动阅读材料背景来激发学生阅读兴趣，故事、笑话、游戏等导入影响，促使他们迅速地进入高效阅读状态。除此之外，可以给学生提供相关歌曲、电视、录像等特殊媒体，充分调动学生的想象和联想；做足一定的“热身”准备，比如说借助歌曲开始课堂教学，活跃气氛，同时选用与教学内容body紧密结合的歌曲，也为新知的呈现埋下伏笔，自然导出Head, shoulders, knees and toes !并采用图片、录像等辅助手段，形象生动的展现阅读内容吸引学生的眼球，轻松愉快吸引着学生，变被动学习为主动学习，让学生怀着强烈的好奇心和探究欲望去阅读文章，从而大大提高了学习的效果。 提供适合其年龄特点并能让学生准确感知阅读材料，要求应具体明确在不同的英语阅读教学阶段，有着不同的阅读教学目标和阅读教学内容。同样，阅读材料也应根据不同年龄阶段的学生来安排不同的英语阅读教学活动，必须是因校而异、因生而异。学生英语阅读材料的来源应是多种渠道的，可以是教材的练习、英语书籍、英语报刊、英语杂志、英语阅读短文、英语短剧、英语故事、英语儿歌或是英语诗歌等。但务必要符合学生的阅读难度，定位要准确，阅读要求要适当具体明确，应适他们的最近发展区而定。他们通过“跳跃”之后能够取得的“果子”，因为过高或过低的要求会压抑学生阅读学习的积极性、主动性和兴趣。因此阅读材料如对一些小学低年级的学生，教师给他们的英语阅读材料只要求学生能够看懂其中10%至15%的内容，再逐渐增加阅读量。小学低年级学生的英语学习基础比较弱而且自学能力还未养成，教师必须手把手引导学生进行阅读学习，随着学生英语基础的提高和阅读方法策略的掌握，再逐渐放手。对以高年级学生来说，高年级的学生已有写的能力，适当的阅读教学活动中可以讲所学的内容进行拓展训练，从读——说——写，阅读之后可以设计一些口头和笔头练习结合的进行训练，如复述、表演、重编、续写或改写短文作为一种语言的输出，这样才有利于学生的长远发展，同时也能从阅读教学活动中不段积累阅读和写作经验，为其写作能力发展搭建舞台，提高学生对语言综合运用的能力。这就要求教师必须采取行之有效的手段，提供给合理和行之有效的多样化阅读材料，并在英语阅读活动中对学生提出具体明确的阅读要求，教师的要求越具体，学生阅读的目标就越明确，阅读的效率也就越高。 加强对学生英语阅读策略的指导，培养其自主的阅读能力在小学于阅读教学活动中，学生的阅读能力各不相同，教师应有针对性对不同阅读能力的学生给予不同的阅读策略指导。(1) 师生互动策略 这种策略比较低、中年级的小学生使用，教师通过自身的表演、讲述故事、运用录像、实物或者是多媒体等多种手段导入阅读材料，引发学生的极大阅读兴趣。如在教学中《I like eating》，教师借助图片和实物以及录像并结合自身的动作开始教学，文章里的故事又充满着浓郁的趣味性，大大地活跃课堂气氛，学生也能不由自主地模仿着老师的动作动起来。学生感知后，教师应给予明确的问题和任务，让学生带着问题和任务进行阅读训练，学生在完成任务的过程中教师也可以以小组活动的形式安排，学生读后可以进行交流阅读心得，在交流中对自身的阅读效果进行一种自我评估，从中了解到自身的阅读成果和不足之处，以及对正确阅读方法和技巧进行总结和巩固，同时阅读策略也得以培养。师生在民主、和谐的氛围中上下求索，切磋进取，结伴成长。（2）自主开放策略 由于高年级的学生已经拥有了一定的阅读经验和阅读技巧，因此这种以课外读物为主的阅读教学策略一般可以在高年级使用。教师应根据学生的兴趣爱好寻找切合学生实际水平的课外读物，成为课堂教学的所学的延伸。同时这种读物也可以由学生提供，让学生根据自身的兴趣和爱好来选择自由阅读，鼓励学生课外进行广泛地阅读。凡是学生看得懂的，要让学生去看；凡是学生讲得出的，要让学生去讲；凡是学生想得出的，要让学生去想；凡是学生做得出的，要让学生去做……努力做到教学活动、教学评估的民主性，积极创设多维度、多途径、开放式教学氛围，使学生逐渐进行独立自主的阅读能力，并养成一种良好的阅读习惯，循序渐进，切实的提高英语水平扎扎实实地从基础抓起。 通过合作交流，培养学生英语阅读能力，促使其成为自主的阅读者学生阅读后教师应引导学生对阅读质量的检查评估。引导学生对策略使用的评估。如果是合作式阅读活动，学生通过各种形式的小组活动来合作完成。这种形式实际上是学生的一个合作、互动、创新的过程。在阅读完成任务后，学生交流各自的认识和感想，在自我评估中互相评估。在这种评估中，学生能及时了解自己阅读的成果或缺憾，并及时调整自己的阅读方法方式，达到阅读目标，发展了学生的阅读能力。学生依据阅读材料在阅读之后把短文内容通过自己的方式表演出来，如角色表演或朗诵等，帮助学生对阅读材料的整体掌握和运用，是一种内化的过程，内化成为自身的语言，再将语言加工后输出，是阅读能力转化的一种升华。如在学习《Friends With English》“It’s coldin winter!”时，我给学生设计了一个问题：What’s your favorite season? Why? 并让学生分组展开交流讨论，并请每组的代表陈述自己的观点。提高了其语言综合运用能力和解决问题的能力，激发了学生阅读的动机，享受阅读带来的乐趣，为其自主阅读和终身阅读打下了良好的基础。4.结束语小学生的英语阅读教学的开展单单靠理论还是远远不够的，还必须通过实践和理论结合中不断的探索，有必要对小学生英语阅读技能的训练进行探讨与研究。我们应坚持不懈地进行实践。一个人的阅读速度不是一朝一夕就能提高的，这是一项长期的工作，培养学生阅读能力，是个渐进的复杂过程。因而教师应在小学生的阅读兴趣上培养学生的初步阅读能力，不断的探索和改进英语教学方法策略，为学生能进行大量的阅读实践，提供更好，更有效的阅读舞台，从而来提高学生英语综合能力。
小学英语阅读教学的论文
小学英语阅读教学一直以来是个难点，我们常常投入了大量的时间和精力去培养学生的听说能力，而忽视了对学生的阅读能力培养，大家不妨来看看我推送的小学英语阅读教学的论文，希望给大家带来帮助！
根据英语新课程标准，小学阶段开设英语课程的目的是培养学生学习英语的积极情感，形成初步的英语语感，为其打好语音、语调基础，最终使学生具备初步的用所学英语进行交流的能力。通过日常英语教学，我想在小学阶段对学生阅读能力的培养要符合学生的心理特点，符合小学生学习语言的认知规律，以年级划分，分别进行拼读、认读、朗读和初步的阅读训练。下面我就谈谈自己在阅读教学中的一些做法和体会：
一、阅读教学的教学目的
小学阶段只要求学生读懂一些简单的短文，难度不大，但作为起始阶段，方法的掌握、习惯的形成却是非常重要的。依据小学生学习语言的规律，首先，培养拼读能力十分重要。在日常教学中我发现许多学生对掌握单词的拼读感到困难，因此我们应注意培养学生养成正确的学习方法，如在实际教学中我就尝试采用了“直接拼音法”.
这是一种按字母或字母组合的读音规则拼读和拼写单词的方法，它既可以内化学生的认知结构，又可以培养学生看见词能读出来和听音能写词的能力，同时还可以防止学生死记硬背等坏习惯的形成。其次，培养学生形成良好的朗读方法和阅读习惯也是非常重要的。五六年级的学生对语音是比较敏感的，一旦读得不准，形成习惯，改起来不容易了。因此，应在实际教学中尽量使用标准的录音，让学生模仿，以培养学生形成标准地道的.语音、语调。然后教师可以再辅以朗读技巧的讲解，让学生在有意义的语流中掌握标准的语音、语调、重音、意群与节奏。再次，培养学生形成良好的阅读习惯和方法也是非常重要的。许多已是五六年级的学生了还有一些不良的阅读习惯和阅读方法，如：阅读时唇动和低声读、用手指着所读内容、不断回读、脑袋摆动等，这些习惯都直接影响阅读速度，从而影响阅读效果。因此，在实际教学中，我们先通过题目、图示、上下文以及构词法等，培养学生猜测生词的能力。再帮助学生掌握抓关键词的能力，如在阅读时，注意事物（what）、地点（where）、人物（who）、时间（when）、怎样（how）、原因（why）等关键词。只有这样，才能帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯和阅读方法，从而提高学生的阅读能力。
二、阅读教学的教学模式
目前小学阶段“读”的要求一般相当于基础教学阶段英语课程标准一、二级的要求。
根据教育部颁布的小学英语教学基本要求，一级中的语言技能对读的要求是：（1）能看图识（2）能在指认物体的前提下认读所学的词语；（3）能在图片的帮助下读懂小故事。
二级中的的要求是：（1）能认读所学词语；（2）能根据拼读规律读出简单的单词；（3）能读懂教材中的要求或指令；（4）能读懂问候卡等中的简单信息；（5）能借助图片读懂简单的故事和小短文，养成按意群阅读的习惯；（6）能正确朗读所学故事或短文。
因此根据课标和日常教学我认为：小学英语阅读教学应分年级实施。（1）小学四年级以听、说为主线，在图片、简笔画和教师的帮助下能从总体上理解阅读内容，从听到说，循序渐进。（2）小学五年级先听录音看范文，大体理解文章人物、事件和内容，然后在教师的指导下，阅读讲解文章，对文章内容有更详细的认识，再分组或分角色诵读文章，理解文章后，完成课后练习。（3）小学六年级也先通读短文，对短文有一个初步总的印象。在通读文章之后，能根据图片或上下文解决短文中新的单词，短语，为语言的输出作准备。在掌握课文中的单词、短语、句子之后回到课文，对整篇文章做进一步理解。再让学生提笔改写或仿写短文，作为语言的输出。听、说、读、写是一个有机的互相联系的整体，因此在阅读教学中，应根据学生的实际情况并结合听、说、写来提高教学的效果。
三、阅读教学的教学策略
在教学中，我们还应根据不同年年级的学生采取不同的教学策略：针对四年级学生采取师生互动型策略。这种策略有助于激发学生阅读的兴趣，活跃课堂气氛，师生共同积极参与，关系融洽。教师先通过自己绘生绘色地讲述故事、运用实物、播放录音、多媒体展示等多种手段引出阅读材料，使学生初步感知，并产生要阅读的兴趣。再让学生带着问题阅读，在学生的交流、老师的讲解下理解一些单词、词组的含义与用法。同样可以设计一些Yes/No的问题或简单的选择题，让学生反复阅读，仔细体会。还可以让学生根据阅读材料的特点进行表演、复述等，凭借互动共振的效应，促进语言材料的内化。
四、阅读教学的教学渠道
英语阅读教学发生在课内与课外两个场所。通过实际教学我发现，英语阅读教学的主渠道应该是在课堂，因为课堂中的课文教学是培养学生阅读能力的重要方式。在教学中，教师能引导学生如何从文字信息中获取事实、观点和信息；如何理解不同的观点和态度；如何欣赏；如何评价等等。同时，教师还能指导学生如何使用工具书等。这些阅读技能的训练对四年级孩子的阅读学习是十分必要和可行的。不过紧紧依靠课堂上的阅读教学是不能帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯和获得较强的阅读能力的。于是，课外阅读就成了课内阅读的有效补充。因此我们要鼓励五六年级的学生阅读课外英语报刊和英语书籍，同时他们可以利用网络进行网上阅读。只有这样，学生在课堂教学中获取的阅读技巧才会在课外阅读中得到巩固，他们的阅读能力才会得到进一步地提高。
“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”,培养学生的阅读能力，是一个循序渐进的复杂的过程，切忌操之过急。兴趣是动力，养成良好的阅读习惯是前提，必要的阅读技巧指导是关键。我们教师应训练学生从读字母、读单词、读句子入手，过渡到读故事、读短文；从拼读、认读到朗读、阅读，循序渐进，并要与听、说有机结合，才会极大地提高小学生的阅读能力，从而进一步提高学生综合运用语言的能力。
Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader’s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. However, in China, in foreign language learning, many learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. To help the learner become a more efficient reader, it is crucial to improve their reading ability. This paper clearly states how we should improve reading ability by adopting the following methods: improving language knowledge, enlarging the reader’s schema, forming a good habit of reading, applying reading skills, be confident and active in reading. [Key words] reading ability; language knowledge; reading schema knowledge; reading skills 1. Introduction These days the influence of the English language is increasing. Today no matter you like it or not, English is the closet thing to a lingua franca around the globe; English is very widely used for business. Between different countries, most business letters around the world are written in English, and three quarters of the world’s books and newspapers are made in English. Reading is one of the four basic skills which learners are required to master if they want to learn a foreign language. English reading can improve reader’s perception so as to give a lot of help to improve listening, speaking and writing. It can increase knowledge, widen their visions, and enhance their interest in English. So it is clear that it’s very important to do a lot of English reading. But the problem is that many English learners seem to have difficulty in reading accurately and efficiently. Moreover, in various international and domestic examinations, English reading has taken larger and larger part. In this situation, how to improve English reading draws more and more attention. This paper tries to state some points as how to help English reader improve their reading ability. 2. Improve your language knowledge The language knowledge here mainly refers to vocabulary and grammar. Your language knowledge can help you read both fast and with high comprehension. Vocabulary The English language has about 750, 000 words, and more new words are coming into use daily. Also, words are constantly being redefined. Each word takes additional meanings as time passes until it has many meanings. It has been proved that the readers with small store of vocabulary will find it very difficult in reading comprehension. How to solve this problem? According to the study of Hatch and Brown，learners' strategies for 1earning vocabulary fall into five essential steps: 1) having sources for encountering new words; 2) getting the forms of the new words; 3) learning the meanings of the words; 4)making a strong memory of the words; and 5) using the words. This word acquisition theory not only manifests the inner rule or vocabulary learning but also reveals the three important aspects of vocabulary learning: word form, word meaning and word use.[1] Therefore, we can build up our vocabulary from the following aspects: Firstly, learn about word formation. You can enlarge your vocabulary by using the rules of word formation, Many words in the English language are made up of word parts called roots, prefixes, and suffixes, like“ sad ”, “sadly”, “sadness”, and so on. Therefore, this method is used to help readers get the meaning of an unknown word by analyzing the word structure, which is by dividing words into usable parts such as roots, prefixes and suffixes. If you know a number of commonly used prefixes, roots and suffixes, they will be of use in unlocking the meanings of unknown words that you find in your reading. For example, when you know the word “courage”, “ encourage，discourage，courageous” will not be new to you.[2] Secondly, collect the new words you often meet in reading. That doesn’t mean encouraging you to consult the dictionary whenever you meet a new word in reading. The appropriate way is to try to guess the word meanings from context clues, from the words around it, and then you will gradually know the clear meaning of the word after meeting it often. And now, if you look it up in the dictionary, you will have a good memory of it. Thirdly, learn a certain number of new words by heart every day. Young students have good memories. It is possible for you to memorize some words every day without much difficulty. You can choose some words for yourself, which is very helpfu1. When you meet these words in your reading，you will feel easy, “Aha, I’ve known their meanings. ” You will feel confident and more interested in reading. Grammar Language is composed of words and grammatical structures. The accurate rate of comprehension is based on the mastering degree of the words and grammar. In case of learning a language, for instance, a child or a beginner who learns a foreign language, learns some words first, then begins to get in touch with the regulation of sentence --grammar, then he can use words to make sentences himself. Only by understanding the rules of the game, you can win the game. Sometimes, we find some learners recite a large number of words and they can say the meaning of them as they see them, but when these words are arranged into a sentence, these learners cannot make sense of them. Why? That is because they are not familiar with grammar. Grammar is the skeleton, which produces the variety of different words combinations. We know that if you thread coins with a cord, you can carry away many coins at a time easily; if the coins scatter on the floor, it is hard to pick up every one. Grammar is like the cord to give life to the combination of words and make the expression diversified. It makes us know the approval, interrogatory or surprising tone and the like. Mastering grammar is the basic step to make progress on English reading. More exercises on grammar are all too good and no harm can come of it. Sometimes, in the reading, you will find that comprehension of an entire passage depends on your ability to understand a single sentence. Sentences, which are very long, sentences, which have more than one meaning, or sentences, which contain difficult grammatical patterns often, cause comprehension problems. In this case, readers should keep the following points in mind. (1) If the sentence is long, try to break it up into small parts: The general then added, “The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.” You should read the sentence like this:” The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems/caused by the current unstable political situation/is one of the diplomacy and economic measures/and not the use of military force.” (2) Look for key words that tell you the relationship within a sentence. “The West had sent armies to capture and hold Jerusalem; instead they themselves fell victim to new ideas and subtle influences,” “ Instead ”indicates that something happened contrary to expectations. 3. Enlarge your schema about various topics and things “The importance of reader’s knowledge of the world has been long emphasized in the reading processes. The role of this previously acquired knowledge in language comprehension has been formalized as schema theory.”[3] According to schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. The more you already know, the less you need to find out. A good reader does not read passively only for the prepositional meaning of each sentence, but more importantly, he reads for the meaning at the pragmatic level. He can understand not only its surface meaning decided by vocabulary and grammar, but also the real purpose of the writer in using a particular piece of language. He does this by creating an effective discourse between himself and the writer to negotiate meaning. 4. Form a good habit of reading If you are reading for meaning，try to read fast. Some people read very slowly. They think that reading slowly helps them understand better. That is not right. As a mater of fact, the faster you read, the better you understand. The expression“haste makes waste” does not apply to reading. Remember, nothing hurts concentration more than reading too slowly. Your mind will keep up with your reading speed if you ask it to. By always reading at your top speed, you challenge your understanding and make it easier for your mind to concentrate on the materia1. To improve your reading speed, you must get rid of the following bad habits: a．Point at words or hold a pen or a pencil or ruler under the line while reading; b．Mumble the words to yourself or say the words in your mind，though other people cannot hear you reading; c．Read back from time to time; d．Stop reading at occurrence of the unknown words to look them up in the dictionary.[4] A good reader should develop a correct method of reading. That is to train himself to read attentively ( not to read back) and silently (not to read aloud), sentence by sentence, not word by word. Whenever meeting a new word, try to guess the meaning from the context. Consulting the dictionary from time to time not only affects one’s reading speed and the comprehension of the reading material, but also gets the reader frustrated. 5. Apply various reading skills Prediction
在世界经济全球化及中国加入WTO的形势下,社会需要大量能够用英语在国际上进行科技、经贸、法律和 文化 等方面交流的专业人才。下面是我带来的英语 文章 阅读带翻译，欢迎阅读!英语文章阅读带翻译篇一 In the public interest The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the '.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。 英语文章阅读带翻译篇二 Instinct or cleverness? We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道(但愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢? 去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地(同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法! 英语文章阅读带翻译篇三 From the earth: greatings Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'. A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets. This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great many years before results are obtained. Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually established, astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings. They would use mathematics as this is the only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe. 天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现行星。这是一个重要的成就，因为相对来说，行星很小，而且也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难，但是要在行星上发现生命会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能够维持生命的条件。举例来说，在我们的太阳系里，对于生命来说，金星的温度太高，而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供理想的条件，而即使在这里，植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年的时间。 一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星——即它的“太阳”——的大小和亮度。设想一下，一颗恒星比我们的太阳还要大，还要亮，还要热20倍，那么一颗行星为了维持生命就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之，如果恒星很小，维持生命的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行，而且要有极好的条件才能使生命得以发展，但是，我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星呢?现在，没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课题。 使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的轨道上的望远镜——如非常成功的哈勃望远镜——也因为太阳系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳系的边缘，尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星，我们就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗，这样我们就能彻底“看见”这颗行星，并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物，而不是那种“小绿人”。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部分进程中，细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民，我们总存有这样的希望：小绿人来 拜访 我们，而我们可以和他们交流。但是，这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命，那么这个发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”
英语阅读文章700-800字
关于英语阅读理解，我们一向是以练题为主，这样能日积月累提高我们的英语阅读能力，为帮助同学们提高英语阅读，我为大家分享英语的阅读文章及试题答案如下，仅供大家练手!
Passage 1
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).
Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.
1. This passage mainly talks about.
A)the development of fast food services
B)how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business
C)the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D)Ray Kroc's business talent
2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except.
A) a drive-in
B) a cinema
C) a theater
D) a barbecue restaurant
3. We may infer from this passage that.
A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc
B)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
C)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants
D)Ray Kroc was a good businessman
4. The passage suggests that.
A)creativity is an important element of business success
B)Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C)Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc
D)California is the best place to go into business
5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans.
A)special
B)financial
C )attractive
D)peculiar
Passage2
You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?
More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people.
To avoid outright(彻底的')lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.
If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.
6. The main idea of this passage is that.
A)employers are checking more closely on applicants now
B)lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem
C)college degrees can now be purchased easily
D)employers are no longer interested in college degrees
7. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where.
A)students attend a school only part-time
B)students never attended a school they listed on their application
C)students purchase false degrees from commercial films
D)students attended a famous school
8. We can infer from the passage that.
A)performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree
B)experience is the best teacher
C)past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do
D)a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition
9. This passage implies that.
A)buying a false degree is not moral
B)personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools
C)most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school
D)society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications
10. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means.
A)address
B)thorough
C)ultimate
D)decisive
>>>>参考答案<<<<
Passage 1
Passage 2
小学生刚接触英语，对于英语的学习有点迷茫，那么不妨通过多阅读英语短文的方式来学习英语。下面我和大家一起，学习小学英语短文。 小学英语短文篇一 One morning a fox sees a cock. He think,“This is my breakfast.” He es up to the cock and says, “I know you can sing very well. Can you sing for me?” The cock is glad. He closes his eyes and begins to sing. The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see the fox. They cry, “Look, look! The fox is carrying the cock away.” The cock says to the fox, “Mr. Fox, do you understand? The people say you are carrying their cock away. Tell them it is yours. Not theirs.” The fox opens his mouth and says, “The cock is mine, not yours.” Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree. 一天早上，一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想：这是我的早餐。 他朝公鸡走来，对他说：“我知道，你能唱得非常好听，你能唱给我听么?”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫：“看，看!狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说：“狐狸先生，你能理解么?人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的，不是他们的。” 狐狸张开她的嘴说：“公鸡是我的，不是你们的。”就在那时，公鸡跑到了树底下。 小学英语短文篇二 My childhood was happy with my mother's love. In my young heart, my mother was strong and healthy, and never got sick. She took me to the kindergarten and home every day, in spite of rain and wind. But one day, after we got home from the kindergarten, my mother went into the bedroom and stayed in bed. I didn't know what had happened. I sat beside her and wanted to cry. My mother said to me, "It doesn't matter, mum has only a stomachache. I will be all right after a while." Although mother said so, I found tears in her eyes because of pain. At that time I knew *** s also got ill and cried. I decided I would take care of my mother from then on. 在妈妈的呵护下，我的童年是快乐的。在我幼小的心灵中，妈妈强壮健康，永远不会生病。无论是下雨还是刮风，她每天带我在幼儿园和家之间穿梭。 但是有一天，我们从幼儿园回来后，妈妈进屋就躺在了床上。我禾知道发生什么了，坐在她旁边想哭。妈妈对我说：“没关系，妈妈只是胃疼，一会就会好。”虽然妈妈这么说，但我发现了她疼得眼中含着眼泪。那个时候我才知道大人也会生病，也会哭的。从那时起我决定要照顾妈妈。 小学英语短文篇三 The fried-chicken restaurant where I was working had a big rush just before closing one day, leaving us with nothing to sell but wings. As I was about to lock the doors, aa quietly intoxicated customer came in and ordered dinner. When I asked if wings would be all right, he leaned over the counter and replied, "Lady, I came in here to eat, not fly." 一天，我工作的炸鸡店在关门前出现了一阵抢购狂潮，结果除了鸡翅外所有的东西都卖完了。当我正准备锁门时，一名喝醉了的旅客进来要进餐。我问他翅膀行不行，他从柜台上靠过身子来，回答道：“女士，我到这儿来是吃东西的，不是要飞!” 小学英语短文篇四 Juanita: Hello! My name's Juanita Read. What's your name? Song Yang: I am Song Yang. Juanita: Nice to meet you! Song Yang: Nice to meet you, too! Where are you from? Juanita: I'am from Oxford in England. What about you? Song Yang: Oh, I e from Xi'an in Shanxi. Can you speak Chinese? Juanita: I understand Chinese a little, but I don't speak it very well. Song Yang: Oh, I understand English a little, but I don't speak it very well! Juanita: Then let's speak Chinglish! Song Yang: Or Englese! 娟妮塔：你好!我叫娟妮塔.里德，你叫什么名字? 杨松：我叫杨松 娟妮塔：很高兴见到你 杨松：我也很高兴见到你。你从哪儿来? 娟妮塔：我来自英国牛津，你呢? 杨松：我来自陕西的西安，你会说中文吗? 娟妮塔：我懂一点中文，但我说得不是很好。 杨松：哦，我懂一点英语，但我说得也不太好。 娟妮塔：那我们来说中式英语吧~ 杨松：或者是英式中文!
在英语学习中，阅读是人们获取英语知识、提高英语水平的有效途径。英语阅读既是重要的语言技能，也是重要的学习技能，是发展其他语言技能的基础和前提。我精心收集了关于小学英语阅读短文，供大家欣赏学习!
People will make a lot of friends during their lifetime, the more friends they make, the more capable they are. Some young people are proud of having many friends, but only the true friends deserve us to care about. The person we make must be positive to life. He will set the good example to you and help you to be a better man. The bad friends will make you perverted, especially for the teenagers, they can’t make the right judgement and are easy to follow others, so the friends are very important part of their lives. Once they make the wrong friends, they will do the bad thing. So we don’t need more friends, just the right one.
人们会交很多朋友在他们的一生中,他们交到越多的朋友,就越有能力。一些年轻人为拥有很多朋友感到自豪,但只有真正的朋友值得我们在意。我们结交的人必须对生活积极向上。他给你树立榜样,帮助你成为一个更好的人。坏的朋友会让你堕落,尤其是青少年,他们不能做出正确的判断，很容易跟随别人,所以,朋友是他们生活非常重要一部分。一旦他们交友不慎,就会做坏事。所以我们不需要更多的朋友,只需要好的朋友。
There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter’s business, because the girl sells umbrella. But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugher’s business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she can feel happy about her second daughter’s business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter’s businss. In that way, she will be a positive woman every day. We can’t change the fact, but we can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time.
有一个故事,讲述了一位老妇人总是感到不开心,因为太阳出来时,她担心女儿的业务,因为女孩卖伞。但下雨时,她仍然感觉不开心因为她担心她的另一个女儿的事。人们告诉她可以改变观点,当天气好时,她可以为她的第二个女儿的生意感到开心，下雨的时候,她可以为她的第一个女儿的生意感到开心。这样的话,她每一天都会是积极向上的。我们不能改变事实,但我们可以用另一种方式对待事情,这样我们就可以变得积极。
In English, the word about color can reflect different emotions. Blue and grey mean bad mood and red means vitality. A new research found that people are easily affected by the products that are in colors. For example, when students see the red color in the blackboard, they feel not eased. The candies which are packaged in green often not sells well and the food will not considered to be packaged in blue. The rule that color has something to do with people’s mood, so the wise manufacturers make use of this rule to catch people’s attention. They choose the color that pleases customers and make more profits.
在英语中,有关颜色的词可以反映出不同的情绪。蓝色和灰色意味着坏心情和红色意味着活力。一项新的研究发现,人们很容易受到产品不同颜色的影响。例如,当学生看到黑板上的红色,他们觉得不放松。包装是绿色的糖果往往不是很畅销,食物不会用蓝色来包装。颜色与人的情绪有关 这是规则,所以聪明的制造商会利用这个规则去抓住人们的注意力。他们选择颜色去取悦客户,创造更多的利润。
The products that are labelled with the words “ Made In China” can be seen everywhere. These products refer to be manufactured in China and they contain both the material and cultural elements. Once these products were very popular around the world for the low price and excellent quality, but in most foreigners’ eyes, they treat these products with low end and low quality. With the development of Chinese economy, the government try to improve its image, so it is in need of creating our own brand. Made In China is the good choice, the government makes effort to improve the quality, so as to promote the international image.
标明“中国制造”的产品随处可见。这些产品指在中国生产，它们包含了中国的物质和文化元素。曾经这些产品在世界各地由于低价格和好的品质而非常受欢迎,但在大多数外国人的眼里,他们认为这些产品是低端和低质量的。随着中国经济的发展,政府试图改善自身形象,所以需要创建我们自己的品牌。中国制造是不错的选择,政府努力提高质量,以促进国际形象。
小学英语阅读文章
下面我给大家收集了一些英语的阅读文章，很适合小学生们学习阅读哦!
第一篇：风和太阳(The Wind And The Sun)
One day the wind said to the sun, “Look at that man walking along the road. I can get his cloak off more quickly than you can.”
“We will see about that,” said the sun. “I will let you try first.”
So the wind tried to make the man take off his cloak. He blew and blew, but the man only pulled his cloak more closely around himself.
“I give up,” said the wind at last. “I cannot get his cloak off.” Then the sun tried. He shone as hard as he could. The man soon became hot and took off his cloak.
(有一天风跟太阳说: “看看那个沿着路上走的人.我可以比你快让他把披风脱下来.)
(“我们等着看吧,”太阳说, “我让你先试.)
(因此风尝试让那个人把披风脱下来.他用力地吹,可是那个人把披风拉得更紧.)
(“我放弃了,”风最后说, “我无法让他把披风脱下来.”然后由太阳试试看.他尽可能地晒他.不久,那个人很热就把披风脱下来了.)
第二篇：Fox and cock狐狸和公鸡
One morning a fox sees a cock. He thinks," This is my breakfast.''
He comes up to the cock and says, "I know you can sing very well. Can you sing for me?'' The cock is glad. He closes his eyes and begins to sing. The fox sees that and catches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see the fox. They cry," Look, look! The fox is carrying the cock away.'' The cock says to the fox," Mr. Fox, do you understand? The people say you are carrying their cock away .Tell them it is yours. Not theirs.''
The fox opens his mouth and says," The cock is mine, not yours.' 'Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree.
一天早上，一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想：这是我的早餐。
他朝公鸡走来，对他说：“我知道，你能唱得非常好听，你能唱给我听么?”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。
在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫：“看，看!狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说：“狐狸先生，你能理解么?人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的，不是他们的。”
狐狸张开她的.嘴说：“公鸡是我的，不是你们的。”就在那时，。公鸡跑到了树底下。
第三篇：狼和狗
A wolf was almost dead with hunger. A house-dog saw him, and asked, "Friend, your irregular life will soon ruin you.
"Why don't you work steadily as I do, and get your food regularly?"
"I would have no objection," said the wolf, "if I could only get a place." "I will help you," said the dog. "Come with me to my master, and you shall share my work."
So the wolf and the dog went to the town together.
On the way the wolf saw that there was no hair around the dog's neck.
He felt quite surprised, and asked him why it was like that?
"Oh, it is nothing," said the dog. "Every night my master puts a collar around my neck and chains me up. You will soon get used to it."
"Is that the only reason?" said the wolf. "Then good-bye to you, my friend. I would rather be free."
一只狼快要饿死了，一只狗看见后问他：“你现在的无规律的生活一定会毁掉你，为什么不像我一样稳定地干活并有规律地获得食物呢?”
狼说：“如果我有个地方住，我没有意见。”狗回答说：“跟我到主人那里去，我们一起工作。”于是狼和狗一起回到了村子。
在路上，狼注意到狗的脖子上有一圈没有毛，他很奇怪地问为什么会那样。
“噢，没有什么，”狗说，“我的主人每天晚上都用一条铁链子拴住我，你很快就会习惯的。”“就是因为这个原因吗?”狼说道，“那么，再见了，我的朋友，我宁愿选择自由。”
朗读是学生学习英语的一种有效的方法;是提高听、说、读、写综合能力的一种行之有效的途径;能使学生更好地体会、理解和表达课文或读物的思想感情。我精心收集了经典的英语朗读短文，供大家欣赏学习!
为梦想而活
If you want success in business or in life, you need to start living your life based on your dreams, not your circumstances. The most successful people in the world know that the place in life you have right now isn’t a place you need to stay.
如果你想要在生意上或生活上取得成功,你要让梦想而不是环境成为你生活的动力。世界上绝大多数的成功人士都明白这样一个道理:人不能被一时的境况羁绊住前进的脚步。
Before becoming a box office superstar, Jim Carrey was homeless and lived in his car. He now is one of the most famous actors in Hollywood.
在成为一名票房明星之前,金·凯瑞无家可归,只能住在汽车里。如今,他已是好莱坞万众瞩目的演员之一。
. Rowling, the author of the successful Harry Potter series, was divorced, unemployed and living on welfare before she published her first book. It’s now said that she has more money than the queen of England.
《哈利·波特》系列丛书的作者.罗琳,在出版自己的第一本书之前正承受着离婚和失业的痛苦,只能靠福利金生活。但据说现在她比英国女王还要富有。
So what does all this have to do with you? Both the two people come from unpleasant circumstances. Their lives were so hard that it would have been extremely easy for them to give up their dreams. But your circumstances don’t make you who you are, and no situation lasts forever. If you want success, you need to start living and thinking as if you were successful. That doesn’t mean spending money you don’t have, but it does mean walking with your head up and presenting yourself as a positive, motivated and successful person.
但是,这些和你有什么关系呢?这两个人都来自窘困的环境。他们都曾生活艰难,放弃梦想对他们来说易如反掌。但是,当前的境况不能决定你的人生,没有任何一种境况会持续永久。如果你想成功,你就要开始像一个成功的人一样生活和思考。这并不意味着你要去挥霍你原本就不拥有的金钱,而是应该抬起头走路,以积极、进取和成功的姿态展现自己。
Nobody wants to be in business with a negative person with no confidence. When you start living the life you want instead of the life you are accepting, everything starts changing for the better.
没有人愿意和态度消极而缺乏信心的人共事。当你开始过你想要的生活而非你所接受的生活时,一切都会向好的方向转变。
Success is something anyone can have. Start living as if you’re going to be one of the successful people, and soon you will be!
任何人都可以获得成功。像一个成功人士一样生活,不久你也会成为一个成功的人!
跃动的生命
As an introduction to a blog says, life can be poor and life can be lonely, but what we can never lose is the beating heart of life itself.
诚如一篇博客的引言所说,生活可能会贫穷,生命可能会孤独,但是,我们永远不可能失去的是生命本身所具有的一颗跃动的心。
Everyone is busy these days, driven to get somewhere —but do they know where? Something important falls by the wayside as they rush, and then they begin to complain about a boring and mechanical* life with no vitality or newness, but we are the producers of our own lives. If our lives are poor or lonely, we’ve made them so ourselves, and can change them.
现在的人们整天都忙得不亦乐乎,被驱使到这儿到那儿——但是他们知道要去哪儿吗?当他们驾车飞驰而过的时候,某些重要的东西却被遗忘在路旁了,于是,他们开始抱怨生活枯燥呆板,缺少活力和新意。但是,我们才是生活的创造者。如果,生活贫穷而孤独,那是我们自己创造了这样的生活,我们可以去改变它们。
Figure out what you’re really interested in doing, and do it. Call your friends and family every day; go out for walks; go climbing; do some sports. Eat in clean and quiet restaurants with your best friends, or go to cafes with them to chat whenever you’re in the mood. Arrange your room in the way that pleases you, write down your feelings and experiences, or buy a vase and put some flowers in it. Spend an afternoon reading your favorite magazines, without doing anything else.
先搞清楚自己对什么事情真正感兴趣,然后再去做。每天给亲朋好友打个电话,出去散散步,爬爬山,做做运动。心情好的时候,和最要好的朋友去干净又清静的餐馆吃吃饭,或者去咖啡馆聊聊天。随心随性地整理一下自己的房间,记录下自己的情感和经历,或者买一个花瓶,在里面插满鲜花。花一下午的时间去读几本最爱的杂志,不去做任何其他的事情。
Of course, there is a lot to do, but we shouldn’t let our busyness get the better of us. We should try to live for ourselves, like human beings, not like machines.
当然,还有很多事情可以去做,但是我们不能让忙碌占据我们的心灵。我们应该为自己而活,像一个人那样地去生活,而不是像机器一样。
It doesn’t interest me what you do for a living. I want to know what you ache for, and if you dare to dream of meeting your heart’s doesn’t interest me how old you are.
你以什么为生我不感兴趣。我想知道的是你因什么而痛苦,你是否敢于梦想去满足内心的渴望。
I want to know if you will risk looking like a fool for your dreams and for the adventure of being alive.
你的年龄我不感兴趣。我想知道的是你是否甘当傻瓜去追求梦想和经历生活的惊险刺激。
I want to know if you can sit down with pain without moving to hide it.
我想知道你是否能忍受痛苦而不是避开它,躲着它。
I want to know if you can be with joy, if you can dance with wildness, and if you can let happiness fill you to the tips of your fingers and toes. Are you someone who doesn’t care about being careful, being realistic or remembering the limitations of being a human?
我想知道你是否快乐,是否能狂舞一曲,让快乐充溢你的全身。你是一个不关心是否谨慎、是否现实或牢记人性局限的人吗?
It doesn’t interest me if the story you’re telling me is true. I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself and if you can bear the blame of betrayal2 and not betray your own soul.
你说的是真是假我不感兴趣。我想知道的是你是否为了忠实于自己而敢于令他人失望,是否敢于承担背叛的骂名而不愿违背良心,是否能做到诚实可靠从而值得信赖。
I want to know if you can be faithful, and therefore want to know if you can see beauty on the ugliest of days. I want to know if you can live with failure and still stand on the edge of a lake and shout to the silver of the full moon, "Yes!" It doesn’t interest me where you have studied.
我想知道你是否能在最糟糕的时候懂得欣赏美，我想知道你是否愿意接受失败并仍然敢于站在湖边对着银色的满月大声回答"是"。
I want to know what sustains you from the inside when all else fails. I want to know if you can be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company you keep in your emptiest moments.
你学到什么我不感兴趣。我想知道的是当一切消逝之后是什么在内心支撑着你,你是否能够独自面对自己,是否真正喜欢你在空虚的时刻结交的伙伴。
中国人学习汉语要朗读,中国人学习英语更要朗读。下面是我带来的，欢迎阅读!
1
The adolescent girl from Tennessee is standing on the stage of a drama summer camp in upstate New York. It's a beautiful day. But the girl doesn't feel beautiful. She's not the leggy, glamorous Hollywood type. In fact, she describes herself as dorky.
Since she was six years old, Reese Witherspoon has wanted to be a country singer. And Dolly Parton is her idol. But this flat-chested wisp of a girl is no Dolly Parton.
Nevertheless, all of this summer she's been acting, dancing and singing---giving it her best.
Play to your strengths. If you're going to make it in this business, it's not going to be on sexy—that's not who you are. Better focus on what you're good at. Celebrate yourself.
Despite three years of lessons, at the end of camp her coaches tell her to forget about singing. They suggest she think about another career. If Reese did have talent, it was hiding under her skinny, mousy frame and her Coke-bottle glasses.
Still, she takes their words to heart. After all, why shouldn't she believe the professionals?
But back at home in Nashville, her mother — a funny, happy, upbeat person — wouldn't let her mope. Her father, a physician, encouraged her to achieve in school. So she worked hard at everything and was accepted at Stanford University.
And at age 19, she got a part in a low-budget movie called Freeway. That led to a substantial role in the movie Pleasantville. But her big break came with Legally Blonde.
Well, she decided, "if you can't sing and you aren't glamorous, play to your strengths. If you're going to make it in this business, it's not going to be on sexy — that's not who you are. Better focus on what you've good at. Celebrate yourself." And then came the offer that took her back to her Nashville roots — playing the wife of tormented country star Johnny Cash. A singing role.
All of a sudden the old fears were back. She was so nervous on the set, a reporter wrote, she "kept a sick bucket" nearby and admitted she "would go backstage after a singing scene and shake." But she didn't give up on the movie or herself.
The humor and drive she learned at home overcame the self-doubt learned on that summer stage. She spent 6 months taking singing lessons again. She learned to play the Autoharp. And the hard work built up her confidence.
Last March, Reese Witherspoon walked up on another stage, the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, and accepted the Oscar as Best Actress for her heartbreaking, heartwarming singing role as June Carter Cash in Walk the Line.
Finally, as you read thse accounts of Reese Witherspoon, consider the obstacles she met. The lesson of the strory, I suppose, is that instead of making dozen excuses why you can not realize your dreams, think about this story, just hold to your dream and never give up.
一名少女由田纳西州来到纽约北部，她站在戏剧夏令营的舞台上，虽然天气是那么好，她的心情却一点也不好。因为她不是那种身材颀长、丰腴美艳的好莱坞式美女，实际上她形容自己是“土里土气，还有点傻”。
从六岁开始，里斯•威瑟斯庞就梦想着成为一名乡村歌手，多莉•帕顿是她心中的偶像。但她可一点都不像多莉•帕顿，她胸部扁平，身材纤细。
然而，整个夏天她都在尽全力地表演，跳舞和唱歌.
发挥长处。如果想在这一行发展，不要走自己不擅长的性感路线。更好地专注于自己的特长，为自己喝彩。
她已经上了三年的声乐课程，但夏令营结束时，老师们还是告诉她应该忘掉唱歌这件事儿，另谋出路。如果里斯确实有天分的话，那也是给她纤细的身材和厚如可乐瓶底儿的眼镜遮盖住了。
虽然心有不甘，可她还是听从了建议，毕竟，她有什么理由怀疑专业人士呢?
但回到位于纳什维尔的家里，她的妈妈—— 一名风趣、快乐、乐观的儿科护士——可不会让里斯感到丝毫的沮丧。她的爸爸是一名医生，他鼓励女儿在学业上有所成就。于是，她凡事努力，终于被斯坦福大学录取。
19岁那年，她出演了一部低成本电影《极速惊魂》。这为她后来在《欢乐谷》中争取到真正重要的角色奠定了基础。而她真正的破冰之作是影片《律政俏佳人》。
她暗下决心：“既然自己没有歌唱天分，又不是光彩照人，那就尽力演出。要想在这行做下去，就不要在性感上做文章了——自己不是那种型别的。最好在自己擅长的方面下功夫。要展示自己。”这时，她接到片约，邀她出演约翰尼•卡什——一个饱受折磨的乡村歌手——的妻子，这是个需要演员有唱功的角色，该片约又把她带回到纳什维尔的家乡。
突然，旧时所有的恐惧感又回来了，一名记者报道说，她在台上实在是太紧张了，甚至在一边“准备了呕吐时要用的痰盂”，她自己也承认“每唱完一幕回到后台，自己都在发抖”。但她没放弃那部电影，也没放弃自己。
她用六个月的时间重新开始学习声乐。她还学会了演奏竖琴。不懈的努力让她重拾信心。
2006年3月，里斯•威瑟斯庞走上了另一个舞台——好莱坞的柯达剧院。凭借在影片《一往无前》里饰演的琼•卡特•卡什这一歌唱角色，她获得了奥斯卡最佳女演员奖，她在片中饰演的角色令人心碎，但也让人心暖。
最后，当你读瑞茜威瑟彭斯的故事时，想想她遇到的挫折。我认为，这个故事告诉我们，与其找借口解释梦想为什么不能实现，不如想想这个故事，坚持你的梦想，永不放弃。
2
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer contractor of his plans to leave the house building business and live a more leisurely life. He would miss the paycheck, but he needed to retire. They could get by.
一位年迈的木匠准备退休了。他告诉他的老板准备离开建筑业的打算，他说他想和他的妻子过一种更休闲的生活，享受天伦之乐。他还说他会怀念这里的薪水的，但必须退休了，他的离职他们慢慢就会适应。
The contrctor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but in time it was easy to see that his haert was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials.
老板对他的这位优秀员工的离去感到非常遗憾，于是问他是否可以盖最后一栋房子作为私下里的帮忙。这位木匠答应了，但显而易见他做事的时候是心不在焉的。他的手工做得毛毛糙糙，用的材料也是次品。
It was an unfortunate way to end his career. When the carpenter finished his work and the builder came to inspect the house, the contractor handed the front door key to the carpenter. "This is your house," he said, "my gift to you."
这样结束他的事业是不不幸的，当木匠最后完工，老板来看房子时，他把前门的钥匙交给木匠说：“这是你的房子，是我送给你的礼物。”
What a shock! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently, Now he had to live in the home hs had built none too well.
震惊!羞愧!如果他早知道他是在盖自己的房子，他肯定会做得截然不同的，现在他不得不住在自己建的糟糕透顶的房子里面。
So it is with us. We build our lives in a distracted way, reacting rather than acting, willing to put up less than best. At important points we do not give the job our best effort. Then with a shock we look at we are now living in the house we have built. If we had realized that we would done it differently.
这个道理同样适合我们。在营造生活时，我们的精力被分散到太多的地方，我们只是被动地适应而不会主动行动，而我们自己也不愿意去尽心尽力地营造我们的生活。在重要的时刻我们也没能尽自己最大的努力做好工作。仁厚我们吃惊地看到自己做的一切：发现自己处在自己建造的房子里。如果我们早意识到这一点的话，我们的做法就会完全不同。
Think of yourself as the carpenter. Think about your house. Each day you hammer a nail, place a board, or erect a wall. Build wisely.
把你自己当成那个木匠。想想你的房子。每天你都会钉个钉子，放块模板或砌一面墙。明智地建造你的房子。
It is the only life you will ever build. Even if you live it for only one day more, that day deserves to be lived graciously and with dinity.
这是你唯一可以营造的生活。即使你只可以再活一天，你也要活得优雅、有尊严。
The plaque on the wall says, "Life ia a do-it-yourself project." Who could say it more clearly? Your life today is the result of your attitudes and choices in the past. Your life tomorrow will be the result of your attitudes and the choices you make today.
墙上的匾写着：“生活就是一个自己动手工程。”谁能比这个说得更明白?你今天的生活就是你过去的生活态度和所作选择的结果。你明天的生活就是你今天的生活和所作选择的结果。
英语现在已经发展成为一个在世界范围内使用最广泛的语言。英语作为英美 文化 信息的载体和表现形式,一度深深地烙上了英美独有的文化印记。下面是我带来的优秀英语 文章 朗读，欢迎阅读!优秀英语文章朗读篇一 The silent village In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable--as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans. We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. These attracted many visitors for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside. Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees. We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us. The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses. Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm. Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless. I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down the main street of the village, we were followed by a silent procession of children. The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. Faces appeared at windows. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls peered at us from door-ways. The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. We needed no further warning. Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting. 在这个旅游频繁的世界上，仍有成千上万个游人足迹未至的地方。人们总是以为偏僻的地方的村民们热情好客。但是，那些不但与外国旅游者隔绝，而且与本国同胞隔绝的人们有可能对游客抱有敌意。到真正偏僻的村庄去旅游并不是一件愉快的事情。我与妻子在一次周游巴尔干半岛时对此深有体会。 我们在一座小镇上逗留了几天，参观了附近的许多古老的教堂。这些教堂吸引大量游客，不仅是因为建筑风格奇特，而且还有大量保存完好的壁画。我们离开小镇的前一天，镇上来了几辆满载游客的公共汽车。人多得使我们难以忍受，于是我们决定利用最后一天去乡间一游。我们走上了一条出镇的小路，穿过几块农田，来到一片茂密的树林。我们原以为小路会到此突然终止。没想到它到树林中继续向前延伸。我们在树林中跋涉了两个多小时，到了一条深溪边。我们可以看到小路在深溪对岸继续向前伸展，但却不知如何越过这道深溪。突然，妻子发现岸边泊着一条小船，船上有一船夫在呼呼大睡。我们轻轻地把他唤醒，请他把我们摆渡过溪。一开始，他很不愿意，但经劝说，终于同意了。 顺着小路，我们来到一个座落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。这儿有一条未经修筑的弯弯曲曲的道路，路两边排列着一些矮小的农舍。农舍全用灰色的土坯建成，因此，即使在晴朗的蓝天底下，村庄看上去也会令人感到难以亲近。村里似乎无人居住，唯一的生命迹象是附近田里一只面目可憎的黑山羊，用一截短绳拴在一棵树上。我们在田边一堵东倒西歪的篱笆墙上坐下来，打开几听沙丁鱼罐头，吃了一顿野外午餐。突然，我注意到妻子十分惊恐。我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的小孩团团围住了，他们在默不作声地看着我们吃饭。我们给他们东西吃，客客气气地同他们交谈，但他们却一动也不动。我认为这不过是他们在陌生人面前表现出的害羞。后来，我们在村里的主要街道上行走的时候，一队默不作声的孩子跟在我们后头。刚才还似乎空荡荡的村庄一下子活跃了起来，窗口露出了一张张面孔，只穿着衬衣的男人们站在屋子外面凶狠地盯着我们，披黑纱巾的老妇人站在门口偷偷地瞅着我们。最令人害怕的是到处没有一点声音。毫无疑问，我们的来访是不受欢迎的。我们不需要进一步的警告了。便掉转身子，沿着那条主要街道加快步伐，快速地朝深溪边走去，希望船夫还在那儿等着我们。 优秀英语文章朗读篇二 The Ideal Servant It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago. If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants. Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. She had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'. She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death. Before she grew old, aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. I often visited The Gables when I was a boy. No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate. The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust. Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished. She always referred to them as' the shifting population', for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names, Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please. While she always decried the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie. Bessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years. During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff. Aunt Hariet could not find words to praise Bessie's industry and efficiency. In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook. She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'. After being absent from The Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner. Not only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily. She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests. When she came in with the last course—a huge pudding-she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force. Though this occasioned great mirth among the guests, aunt Harriet was horrified. She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement. The poor girl was dismissed instantly. After her departure, aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe. They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine-cellar! 我的姑妈哈丽特好多年前就去世了，这倒是件好事。如果她活到今天，她将不能就她热衷的话题“佣人”发表意见了。哈丽特生活在一个悠闲的年代，家务事都由雇来的佣人代劳。她在乡下有一幢巨大杂乱的房子，叫作“山墙庄园”。她对这幢房子在感情上难舍难分。房子实在太大了，但在丈夫去世多年后，她仍然执意长年住在那儿。哈丽特姑妈年轻时，喜欢大摆宴席，招待宾客。我小时候常去“山墙庄园”作客。不管去多少宾客，大房子里总是收拾得干干净净。镶木地板洁如明镜，擦得发亮的银器陈列在明亮的玻璃柜里，连姑夫的大量藏书也保存得很好，奇迹般地一尘不染。哈丽特姑妈统率着一支看不见的佣人大军，他们不停地擦拭、清扫、刷洗。她称这些佣人叫“流动人口”，因为他们来匆匆，所以我甚至都没有机会知道他们的姓名。姑妈待佣人在当时算是开明的，从来不让佣人每天工作超过8小时，但他们很难使她称心如意。她一方面总是批评人的本性朝三暮四，另一方面她又持之以恒地寻找一个理想的佣人。即使在贝西大大地伤她的心之后，她还在找，一直到她死去。 贝西在哈丽特家干了3年。在此期间，她赢得了姑母的赏识，甚至当上了大管家。哈丽特不知该用什么言辞来赞扬贝西的勤奋与高效。贝西除了有各种本领以外，还是一个烹饪大师。她担任“理想仆人”角色3年之后，哈丽特终于发现她有“小小的弱点”。一次，姑妈有一个星期没在“山墙庄园”住。一天下午，她出其不意地回来了，带来一大批客人，吩咐贝西准备晚饭。结果，不仅饭菜远不如平时做得好，而且贝西走起路来似乎东倒西歪。她撞到了家具上，嘴里还不断咕咕哝哝议论客人。当她端着最后一道菜——一大盘布丁——走进屋来时，在地毯上绊了一跤。布丁飞到半空，从姑母身边擦过，然后狠狠地砸在餐桌上。这件事引起了客人们的欢笑，但哈丽特却着实吓了一跳。她不得不认定贝西是喝醉了。客人们自然从贝西为他们开门那一刻起就看出来了，在好长一段时间里，即最后这个乱子发生前，他们努力克制才没笑出声来。贝西当即被解雇了。贝西走后，哈丽特姑妈发现在贝西以前用过的衣柜里整整齐齐地放着一堆堆形状各导、大小不一的酒瓶子。这些酒瓶神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖来到了这里。 优秀英语文章朗读篇三 New Year Resolutions The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of ' do's' and' don'ts '. The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercises every morning and to read more of an evening. An all-night party on New Year's Eve, provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task. The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living-room for two days before anyone found me out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. That was really unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work. Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book, one night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled 'How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute'. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it! 新年是下决心的时候，至少在大多数人的心里会编排出一份“应做什么”和“不应做什么”的令人生畏的单子。相同的决心以单调的规律年复一年地出现。我们决心每天早晨起得早些;吃得少些;多花点时间与孩子们一起做游戏;做大量的家务;对不喜欢的人友善一些;小心驾车;每天都要带着狗散步;等等。以往的 经验 告诉我们有些事是办不到的。如果我们烟瘾大，戒不掉，那是因为屡戒屡败，失去信心。我们大多数人想自我完善却遭到失败，这是因为我们的规划过于宏大，而又根本没有时间去实施。我们还犯有一个根本性的错误，即把我们的决心向大家宣布。这样一旦滑回到那些老习惯上去，我们在别人的眼里会显得更加难堪。我深知这些问题，于是，今年我对自己的计划要严加保密，只给自己定下两项适中的任务;每天早上锻炼身体，每天晚上多看点书。新年 除夕 举办的一次通宵晚会，使我理直气壮地在新年头一天免去了这两项任务。不过，新年第二天，我全力以赴地照着去做了。 早锻炼一共只有11分钟，我打算在别人起床之前进行。这就要求我比平时早11分钟把自己从床上拽起来，这种自我约束是很艰苦的。不过开头两天我还是成功地蹑手蹑脚地来到楼下起居室，被谁也没发现。我在地毯上跳来蹦过去，扭曲身子，摆出各种姿势，弄得浑身不舒服，然后坐到桌边吃早饭，一副筋疲力尽的样子。正是这副模样泄露了我的秘密。第二天早晨全家人结队来到起居室看我表演。这真叫人不好意思，但我心平气和地顶住全家人的嘲笑和奚落。不久，大家对我习以为常了，而这时我的热情却减退了。我花在锻炼上的时间逐渐减少，慢慢地从11分钟减到了零。到了1月10日，我恢复了原来的作息时间。我辩解说，早晨少耗费精力锻炼，晚上下班回家看书时头脑更清醒些。有几天晚上，我极力摆脱了电视的诱惑，坐在自己的房间里，两眼盯在书上。可是，有一天夜里，我感到又冷又孤单，便来到楼下坐在电视机前假装看书。这下我可完了，因为不一会儿，我就恢复了以前的坏习惯，在屏幕前打起瞌睡来。但我还没有放弃多看些书的决心。事实上，我刚买来一本叫《一分钟读一千字的诀窍》的书。也许这本书能解决我的问题，但我一直还没时间去看这本书!