On suprasegmental features Introduction So far we havebeen talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments,or phones. Phonetic features can also apply to a string of severalsounds, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study ofphonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment,are known as suprasegmentalfeatures, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is knownas prosody. It mainly includessyllable, stress, pitch, tone, and intonation. In this paper, I will talk aboutthe suprasegmental features ingreat detail. Key words: phonetic, suprasegmental. Syllable The most obvious prosodic feature in languageis the syllable. Let's briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts,although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept "syllable" isdifficult to define in absolute terms. A syllable can be divided into threeparts, that is, onset, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. Asyllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with codais called a closed syllable. In English only long vowels and diphthongs canoccur in open syllables. The onset may be empty or filled by a cluster of asmany as three consonants, while the coda position may be filled as many as fourconsonants. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice asto where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.In some languages, syllables are always open,that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant. (Hawaiian) On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word beginsin a glottal stop.) In other languages, syllables are always closed; they mustend in a consonant (Navaho): Háá'ishah dididiljah. Let's build a fire. Táá diné 'ooljéé'go naaskai' Three men went to the moon. (LikeHawaiian, they must also begin in a consonant.)Stress The nature of stress The word stress is used differently bydifferent authors, and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent andprominence is also defined differently. Robins has defined it as “a genericterm for the relatively greater force exerted in the articulation of part ofutterance”. The nature of stress is simple enough—practically everyone wouldagree that the first syllable of words like“father”, “open” is stressed, thatthe middle syllable is stressed in “potato”, “apartment” and the final syllableis stressed in “about”, “perhaps”, and most people feel they have some sort ofidea of what the difference is between stressed and unstressed syllables,though they might explain it in many different ways.The production of stress is generallybelieved to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used forunstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllableshave one characteristic in common, and that is “prominence”. Roach hasmanifested that at least four different factors are important to make asyllable prominent:i) Loudness: Most people seem to feelthat stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words,loudness is a component of prominence.ii) Length: The length of syllables hasan important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longerthan the others will be heard as stressed.iii) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closelyrelated to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musicalnotion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with apitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have astrong tendency to produce the effect of prominence.iv) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominentif it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels. Languages differ in how they use stress.1) In some languages, eachsyllable is equally stressed or unstressed,as in Cambodian2) the syllable in eachword is more stressed. Theplace of stress is fixed on acertain syllable:1) initial. Finnish,Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages2) penultimate. Polish,3) final. French.4) Complex set ofrules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules forstress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllableword: síkwi meat; inwords of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or onthe first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on thenext to last syllable: wunúvtu standup)The place of stress is random.1) In Russian the stress iscompletely random: xoroshó, xoróshi.2) In English the stress ismore predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longerword receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and oftenrenders differences in meaning: project/toproject, produce/produce, and insult/ to insult. Some languages have more than one stress perword: English is such a language. In English, words of foursyllables or more have a primaryand a secondary stress. SomeEnglish compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of thecompound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/nouncombinations. Sentence stress in English According to He Shanfen (1992), Englishsentence stress has two main functions:⑴ to indicate the important words in thesentence; ⑵ to serve as thebasis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence. Consequently, in connected English speech,sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry thebasic meaning of a sentence, e.g. nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those whichare usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which showgrammatical relationships, such as articles, auxiliary and modal verbs,monosyllabic prepositions, etc.Pitch Another prosodic feature is pitch, defined as the frequency ofvibration of vocal cords. Pitch is measured in hertzes. Physiologically, pitch tends to be higher inwoman than in men and higher before puberty than after puberty. Also, thepitch of women's voices tends to lower with old age; the pitch of men's voicestends to get higher with age. Despite these physiological, non-linguisticuniversal, each language uses pitch distinctions for linguisticallymeaningful purposes. Startingfrom the lowest pitch on the initial syllable, the pitch of each subsequentsyllable raises until the word reaches the "peak". From that point,pitch either remains at the same level for the remainder of the word or itdrops again. The choice between maintenance of high pitch or allowing it todrop is a matter of formality: pitch is maintained in formal or careful speech,but dropped in colloquial usage.七.ConclusionBeing the most important part, suprasegmental features can not be despised in phonology research.From the whole passage, we can understand that suprasegmentalfeatures not only has its phonology significance, but also the practicaluse as well. We can not say this person is a good language user just by his orher vocabulary, as well as the grammar. Spoken language is also very useful. Ido hope that the paper will be sufficient to prove that suprasegmental features is an efficient way for our studies and encouragemore and more students to pay attention to using it.
直接给编辑发一份电子稿即可
有关复合材料类的论文可以投稿的期刊有很多,如:《复合材料学报》、《材料科学与工程学报》、《材料开发与应用》等等,还有更多的期刊,你想了解更多的 这方面的期刊信息和这类论文发表的注意事项原则,都可以来中国鸣网学术站看看。
材料科学啊,现代物理啊都行
这个具体要看你发的是什么样的杂志了,不同杂志的发表周期也不一样。省级、国家级的普刊一般是2-6个月(特别快的1个月左右,一部分可以办理加急版面)。杂志都有出版周期的问题,而且有的版面特别紧张,所以,如果用,要提早半年,不宜临时抱佛脚。每年三月份、九月份,是各地上报职称材料的高峰期。各个正规杂志社稿件大量积压,版面十分紧张,因此,及早准备。早准备、早受益。我当时是在百姓论文网发表的,省级的大概在2个月左右拿到手的,各方面都挺满意的,
核心期刊正常都是3-7月左右录用,录用后2-4个月左右出刊,这个是正常的周期,有部分方向以及期刊 可以加急录用。
论文发表一般需要的时间如下:
1、普刊即省级国家级一般安排周期是1到3个月。
2、本科学报的安排周期一般为2到4个月。
3、北大核心以上级别期刊的安排周期一般为6到8个月,审稿周期为一个月。
4、科技核心期刊从投稿到录用发表,一般是3到6个月。
论文是一个汉语词语,拼音是lùn wén,古典文学常见论文一词,谓交谈辞章或交流思想。
当代,论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章,简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。
2020年12月24日,《本科毕业论文(设计)抽检办法(试行)》提出,本科毕业论文抽检每年进行一次,抽检比例原则上应不低于2% 。
论文发表一般需要的时间如下:1、普刊即省级国家级一般安排周期是1到3个月;2、本科学报的安排周期一般为2到4个月;3、北大核心以上级别期刊的安排周期一般为6到8个月,审稿周期为一个月;4、科技核心期刊从投稿到录用发表,一般是3到6个月。
链接:
30天论文写作发表进阶训练营。完结版,里面包含辅导课、直播课、音频课、视频课、PDF文档。
课程目录:
尔雅老师对四篇论文的解构修改辅导答疑
尔雅老师快速批量修改不同学科论文的教学示范
尔雅老师团队如何在30分钟找到论文选题并写出论文
对一篇弹幕英语教学论文的修改建议
对一篇新闻学本科毕业论文的修改建议
解构描摹一篇好论文的实用技巧
如何通过知网迅速找到200篇优质文献
如何利用知网的可视化计量分析做文献综述
如何批量下载200篇文献
......
1、摘要。一般摘要要求200到300字左右。内容就是文章的概述。包括研究目的,过程和结论。2、关键词。关键词一般3到5个最好。这几个关键词要最能代表文章内容所涉及的话题。而且最重要的关键词,一般是文章的主题,需要写在第一个,剩下的按照重要程度依次往下排。3、正文部分。正文的第一部分是引言。引言大概300到500字左右,大概就是将你为什要研究这个主题,是你发现了什么,或者有什么问题急需解决。解决这样的问题能够带来什么样的意义,一般分为理论意义和现实意义等等。第二部分就是文章的具体章节部分。这部分包含文章理论综述,案例分析、发现问题,到最后的结论和建议。第三部分也是很多人常常忽视的部分,文章的参考文献,即文章中,尤其是理论综述部分,都参考了哪些人的理论,需要一一标注,具体的标注方法可参考以上链接的论文。4、参考文献的数量大概控制在10到20个之间。太少说服力不强,太多占版面,不划算。总结一点就是:文章写作框架很重要,摘要一段刚刚好,关键字三五个就足够,引言需要讲明白,具体内容是核心,关键部分不能少。最后参考文献要切记。
发表sci期刊论文有什么要求?学术论文公开发表必须在正规学术期刊上。由于它是公开发表物,需要遵循某些期刊的发表要求。无论是在国内学术期刊还是国际学术期刊上发表,都是这样。国际学术期刊的发表要求与国内学术期刊大不相同,而且在期刊上存在一定的差异。下面一起来看看发表sci期刊论文有哪些要求?sci期刊通常是国际上具有影响力和知名度的学术期刊,学术水平很高,这类期刊对刊物发表的要求也是比较高的。主要是对文章本身的要求,但对作者的身份职务没有什么特别要求,比国内一些核心刊物宽松一些。发表sci期刊的关键是文章的层次。撰写一篇好的sci论文的基础有两个方面。一是英语写作水平,二是专业知识水平。对国内大多数作者来说,英语写作水平不高。英语水平高也并不意味着英语写作水平就高。写作需要掌握一定的技能,也就是说,在正常的时间里,它需要不断的磨炼。以下是发表sci期刊论文写作的4个要点:1、文本摘要本文的摘要是对本文的简单总结,包括主要研究问题、方法、结果和结论。它可以用短语概括。摘要中的字数不应超过500个。2、引言这部分提出问题,回顾前人对这一问题的研究成果,即明确选题的研究背景,以及选题在整个学科中的重要性和必要性,注意清楚的哪些是别人的结论,哪些是自己的结论。3、方法和结果这是最关键的部分,包括实验对象、实验材料和实验过程。描述应该有一个清晰的层次感。每个步骤之间的顺序和相关性应清楚描述,不要引起实验过程混乱的现象,因为评审者最终判断你的实验是否合理,是从这个过程中描述来的。4、参考资料应标记引用内容,这是一个基本的学术道德要求。引用过程中未指出文献档的来源出处会造成本人的成功内容是假象,以免造成剽窃的现象。同时也会被误认为是一种抄袭,因此为了避免在影响作者个人发展时出现这样的误解,所有引用的部分都需要体现在参考中,甚至一些不起眼的内容也需要标准清楚。因此,发表sci期刊论文的各个方面要求相对较高,应特别注意写作。此外,还应特别注意语法和时态的应用。毕竟,英语表达与汉语不同。如果作者的英语写作水平不够高,或者在写作时感觉比较吃力。就需要有针对实践性的积累。或者是找一些专业机构指导润色。这将提高发表效率。有关发表sci期刊论文的详细信息,可咨询泰杰生物的小编。
对要发表论文的条件要求:创新性、实用性、、严谨性、规范性;对选择期刊的要求条件:正规、可查询、级别适合;对作者的要求条件:学历、工作经历以及当下评职级别要符合,不可越级评职称。这些都是发表论文时要注意的条件事项,所以准备进行论文撰写发表的人员一定要注意这些信息哦。
一、个人发表论文的程序:1.有了自己的学术成果后,按其研究方向在中国知网等论文收录网站上查找和你所研究领域相关的文献。确认你的核心内容前人没有研究发表后,选择该领域的相关杂志;2.按照所选杂志的格式要求,将自己的研究内容撰写成论文,通过该杂志的制定投稿渠道进行投稿,之后进行耐心等待;3.编辑审阅后如果不感兴趣会直接退稿,如果感兴趣会给你提出修改意见,从投稿到第一次审回一般要2个月以上,按照编辑提出的修改意见逐条改正,并在给编辑回复时对其提出的每一条意见进行逐条回复,之后继续耐心等待;4.二审后,基本就离发表不远了,一般会再给你提一些格式类的细节修改问题,解决后回复,等待发表就好。望采纳
发的不是很贵,五百左右吧,而且是在早发表网发(你可以去网上搜)的,我评定是中级职称投的是普刊,其他的期刊你也可以去问问。
第一步:投稿。这是论文发表人员选择好投稿期刊之后,将自己的论文稿件通过邮箱、在线投稿窗口、QQ或者微信即时通讯软件这三大方式发送给编辑。第二步:审核即审稿。如果你需要加急提交论文,编辑可以收取加急费。同行评审是整个论文发表过程中最耗时的环节,影响论文发表周期的长短。关于论文发表时间的影响因素,应该指出的是,论文审查可能会重复。第三步:审稿结果。主要介绍通过审稿被录用的论文。通过杂志社论文三审的论文,杂志社会下发录用通知书,并注明预安排在某年某期发表,之所以是预安排,是因为还没交纳版面费。关于论文三审可以阅读《什么时候论文需要三审》,了解一些审稿知识。第四部:交费。这里的交费主要是版面费,交纳之后,论文才会正式进入安排刊期出版流程。第五步:安排发表。版面费到位之后,即可安排刊期,并按照日期出版见刊。少部分论文发表可能会延期,原因很多,例如:有人安排加急。第六步:寄送样刊。论文见刊之后,会给作者寄送一本样刊,作为用途上交的材料。到此整个的论文发表流程结束。论文发表过程中,可能会有一些特殊情况发生,出现延迟。这有时候是不可避免的,但是出现这样的几率很小。
论文发表一般需要的时间如下:1、普刊即省级国家级一般安排周期是1到3个月;2、本科学报的安排周期一般为2到4个月;3、北大核心以上级别期刊的安排周期一般为6到8个月,审稿周期为一个月;4、科技核心期刊从投稿到录用发表,一般是3到6个月。
这个要看具体情况的,一个是如果你发的是普刊,那么周期就会短一些,一个是如果你发表的是核心期刊,有可能一年多才能见刊发表,前提是录用的情况下。还有一个情况是,如果你是自己投稿,会慢一些,如果你是找一些论文机构帮忙投稿发表,会快速一些。我之前找淘淘论文网发表的经济类论文,2个月就给你加急发表了,是普刊,如果是核心他们也没法加急。所以看你发表的什么刊物了。
论文从初稿到发看需要三四个月左右。
一般的省级、国家级论文审稿需要1~2天,出刊需要1~3个月。个别快的0.5个月,还有个别慢的需要4~7个月。
质量水平高一些的期刊,还有一些大学学报,投稿的出刊需要6个月左右,快一些的3~4个月。
科技核心期刊审稿需要1~3个月,出刊另需要6~10个月左右,总的算起来大约是1年~1年半。
北核、南核审稿需要3~4个月,出刊另需6~15个月左右,跨度较大总的算起来1年~2年。
综上所述,评职称发表论文一定要对各不同级别论文的发表周期做到心里有数,提前准备,以免时间上赶不及白白错过评审多等一年。尤其是核心论文,一定要提前。
一般的省级、国家级论文审稿需要1~2天,出刊需要1~3个月。个别快的0.5个月,还有个别慢的需要4~7个月。质量水平高一些的期刊,还有一些大学学报,投稿的出刊需要6个月左右,快一些的3~4个月。科技核心期刊审稿需要1~3个月,出刊另需要6~10个月左右,总的算起来大约是1年~1年半。北核、南核审稿需要3~4个月,出刊另需6~15个月左右,跨度较大总的算起来1年~2年。SCI、EI等与北核南核周期相仿。综上所述,评职称发表论文一定要对各不同级别论文的发表周期做到心里有数,提前准备,以免时间上赶不及白白错过评审多等一年。尤其是核心论文,一定要提前。不少客户联系到我们,想三五个月内出刊,那真是太难了,这种急单子我们要么不接,要么提前跟客户说好发不成全额退款,但不担任何责任