通信专业论文发表英文

Abstract: Chinese have experienced the pre-researches and partial satellite tests on the man carried cosmonautic vehicle, carried on the researches on environmental control and ecology protection subsystem in "Shenzhou" airships, carried on the researches on physical chemistry regenerating technical of environmental control and ecology protection & that of controlled ecology and ecology protection. This paper mainly introduces the research evolution of the technical of the environmental control and ecology protection system and analyses the technical characteristic about the environmental control and ecology protection system.Abstract: In this paper, we provide a new practical method to abstract noise model of INS/GNSS integrated navigation system for Kalman filter from measuring data, we first designed the experiment which based on the elaborate deduction, then we log the data of GNSS and made stationary test of the stochastic process, after that, we fit the model and estimate the parameter. This method, we think, can be used practically in other integrated navigation system.

1Wireless technology was little more than just a distant idea for the majority of ordinary consumers ten years ago. However, it has exploded over recent years with the use of 3G phones and wireless home computing increasingly commonplace.It would be foolish to suggest that wireless communication has reached its peak. Whilst mobile phones and home computing will continue to be the major focus in the quest for ever increasing sophistication within the technology, new applications are emerging daily.One company, Securecom Technologies, based in Ireland, have been at the forefront of harnessing wireless technologies in the area of personal safety. They already have a number of products in the marketplace designed to enable users to activate an alarm signal to a remote emergency centre wirelessly. Their Benefon range of applications are used by vulnerable elderly people, lone workers and VIPs to increase their sense of security and ability to effortlessly get in touch with help at the touch of the button.They are now in the process of developing PERUSE1, which stands for 'Personal Safety System Utilising Satellite combined with Emerging Technologies'. The Peruse project will develop a Wireless Personal Alarm (WPA) solution which will be carried by or worn on a person and will allow the user to summon help at the touch of a button. When the alarm has been activated, the WPA will transmit a low power signal to a satellite communications headset which will forward a message to an authorised number. This will include the identity of the person in distress, as well as their current location. However, the ingenuity of the technology goes further as it will also have the potential to transmit the user's current state of health and local environmental parameters.It is envisaged that the recipient of the users SOS signal will be a fully equipped Emergency Monitoring Centre to whom the user will have previously given full instructions as to the steps they would wish to have the Centre take on their behalf in the event of an emergency.There are two core components that are in the development phase. The wireless personal alarm (WPA) and a 'dongle' which provides the handset for satellite communication use which will have a low power wireless link to the WPA.The important issues here are that the two components will need to take into account size, cost, accuracy of location and battery autonomy. The main benefits will be that the device will be able to be worn or carried on a person discreetly. This makes it ideal for professions such as personal security, where the ability to communicate a message quickly and without fuss can often be of paramount importance. It will herald a new era in satellite communication. No longer will the user have to tap a keypad to enter a number nor will they have to move the handset for optimal signal strength prior to sending an emergence message. This technology will be invaluable to professions such as mountain rescue and will also be a tremendous benefit to those who enjoy hiking and climbing in the course of their leisure pursuits where conventional mobile phone technology can often be rendered useless.There are currently no known competitors for this potentially life saving technology for which Securecom has filed for both Irish and European Patent Applications. Prototypes have already been manufactured and pilot programmes and laboratory tests are well under way.UWB (Ultra Wide Band)2 is another example of emerging wireless technology. Alongside traditional wireless uses, UWB can also detect images through solid objects, such as people on the opposite side of a wall. This has led to an equal number of supporters and opponents.Although UWB can be used for consumer applications in a similar fashion to Bluetooth technology such as cable elimination between a PC and its peripheral equipment, the more interesting applications focus on its 'radar 'like imagery. These applications could be used to find people trapped in a burning building, locating hostages and captors behind a thick wall and finding objects such as those that might be buried in the ground. Heightened security at airports and other public buildings can use UWB technology to detect weapons on people and bombs in luggage and packages. In this age of heightened security, post 9/11, the benefits of this emerging technology should not be understated.A few companies have started to develop UWB products, including XtremeSpectrum, Time Domain and Aether Wire. XtremeSpectrum is developing products to enable the sending and receiving of multiple streams of digital audio and video for both battery powered and other consumer devices such as digital cameras, DVDs, DVRs, camcorders, MP3 players and set top boxes. Time Domain has developed a UWB chip set targeting three core technologies: wireless communication, precision location and tracking, and high definition portable radar whilst Aether Wire is working on miniature, distributed-position location and low data-rate communication devices. One of its goals is to develop coin sized devices that are capable of localisation to centimetre accuracy over kilometre distances.However, privacy violation is one of the major concerns of the technology's opponents. Any technology that can 'see' through solid objects can be used for illegal purposes as well as legitimate ones. In theory, a UWB-enabled system could 'look through' the walls of a house to locate valuable objects and could detect when the occupants are not at home. Supporters, however, could rightly point out that this is a dilemma shared by many technologies that are used to enhance public safety - the juggling act between increased security versus decreased personal freedom. It could be argued that baggage searches at airports via x-ray and metal detection are common examples of us giving up privacy for better security, a price most people are willing to pay.No other area is more at the forefront of the emergence of innovation in wireless technology than space exploration. Future missions to nearby planets like Mars will require space communication technologies that can provide an interplanetary satellite and navigation infrastructure via space systems that are far more compact and efficient than seen ever before. A longer term commitment will be necessary to resolve the challenges of efficient planetary communication due to the increase in distances involved as space exploration ventures further out into the solar system. To support planetary exploration, techniques developed for Earth-bound usage will be transferred to other planets as well. Exploration of Mars, for example, will require a high accuracy positioning capability such as a 'Martian GPS' as an aid to exploratory roving vehicles.This very day, the 'Mars Spirit' space rover continues to send data back to Earth, almost 18 months after it touched down on the red planet, surviving more than 4 times its expected mission length. One day it is highly likely that we may see astronauts walking on Mars carting around wi-fi enabled PCs. In a remote Arizona meteor crater, NASA has already begun testing a mobile wi-fi system that could enable those on a Mars mission to easily deploy wireless data connectivity at a transmission rate of just more than a megabit per second over a 2 square mile area, and then change that coverage area at will through the use of mobile access points, making it entirely feasible to explore different terrain on any given day.Tropos Networks3 developed the technology which NASA has adopted whereby the astronauts could have inter-connectivity via a three node mesh network. They would first establish a base communications station near their spacecraft and then set up an Ethernet connection between that base and a main access point. Then each node in the network would pick up its wireless connectivity from the access point.Testing is still in its infancy and there is some way to go before astronauts would be strutting their stuff on Mars and communicating wirelessly with one and other and with mission control in this way.However, the Mars Spirit space rover is still sending back images and data from the red planet today, relying heavily on wireless technology to do so. It may appear that these vehicles have been designed solely for the purpose of space exploration but closer scrutiny reveals applications that could also be modified and used on Earth. Unlike, say, a car manufacturing robot which knows where and when the engine or body appears on the assembly line, the Mars rovers are working in an unstructured and unknown environment. As a result, the rovers have had to learn about their new home through their own sensors, including a set of nine cameras on each rover. The rovers have two navigation cameras for a 3D view of their surroundings, two hazard avoidance cameras for a 3D view of nearby terrain and panoramic cameras to capture the images of the planet's surface. However, the rovers cannot just look around them, process the images and know where to go. Neither can the mission controllers on Earth grab a joystick and start steering the rovers whilst watching images being beamed back from thousands of miles away. A key reason is processing power. The central processor in each rover has a top speed of 20 MHz. Instead, during the Martian night, while a rover is 'asleep', a team on Earth with much more powerful computers programs its activities for the day ahead, and then sends basic instructions on where to go and how to get there. Along with taking pictures, each rover is examining the planet with several instruments on a robotic arm. The arms have 'shoulder', 'elbow' and 'wrist' joints for manoeuvrability and are equipped with four sensors: a microscopic camera for close up pictures of rocks, an alpha particle x ray spectrometer for determining the mineral content of rocks, another spectrometer for detecting iron and a rock abrasion tool for cutting through the layer of oxidation that forms on the surfaces of Martian rocks. As with the movement of the rovers, the arms are controlled mostly via prepared commands from mission control.Some observers have noted that some of these applications may prove useful here on Earth. For example, a robotic arm that doesn't require real time human control might be good for disabled people who use wheelchairs and can't control a joystick with their hands. Using its own sensors, it could reach out and get things for the person in the wheelchair, for example.In addition, a robot that can deal with new and unknown environments might save manufacturers money. In current factories with 'robotic' workers, when the company shifts to making a new product, the whole factory floor has to be reconfigured and the robots reprogrammed to deal with the new arrangement. A robot that could use feedback from sensors to figure out where things are could adapt to changes by itself, saving the company the time and effort of building a new structured environment and reprogramming the robots.With all the emerging technologies around and, inevitably, with more to come, the inevitable hurdle will be one of convergence and integration as the IT industry seeks to develop the tools that will be most sought after. Inevitably, there will be winners and losers.However, there is no doubt that the wireless phenomenon is reshaping enterprise connectivity worldwide and is definitely here to stay. Business needs information mobility for better customer interaction. Employees will be even more equipped to perform their job functions from their workplace of choice and, though this sounds like utopia, a societal change from office based to 'wherever they feel like being' based might conjure up an horrific vision of the future for company leaders who have enjoyed the traditions of having all their employees working from under the same roof.Another major issue has to be one of security. There are many issues when it comes to security over wireless networks. Wireless networks do not follow the rules of traditional wired networks. Many times, the signals are carried far beyond the physical parameters they are meant to be controlled within making it easier to intercept signals and capture information.There will also be the question posed of what happens to the have nots? - Those people and developing countries in particular that don't have the resources to wirelessly interact with others. The same thing could be said about the Internet itself but satellites could alleviate that problem far more quickly than the ability to put broadband connections in every office and home throughout the world.Another major hurdle has to be that business and society can only adapt at a certain pace. Technology evolves far more quickly and there may be many a product developed for which the demand is not yet there. But the mobile phone and PC market driven by what the consumer wants will determine what the future of wireless holds.But there is no question that wireless communication is here to stay and will grow even more.Signs of the new wireless technologies abound. Consumers are setting up wireless local area networks (WLANS) in their homes. These allow multiple computers to hook up to one fast internet connection or laptop users to connect from the comfort of their sofa or back garden patio. Away from home, 'Hotspots' that permit wireless connection to the internet are popping up everywhere, in book stores, coffee shops, airports and even pubs. Within the next year, airlines are expected to announce the availability of wi-fi during flights. However, until there is increased competition in the market place, this new epoch will be there for the privileged few as opposed to the mass market who will still be relying solely on their mobile phones for wireless connectivity on the move. It remains to be seen whether the new generation of 3G phones has arrived too late to push aside wi-fi and it's even conceivable that mobile phone companies could one day find themselves obsolete unless they look for new ways to attract and retain customers.But issues like security, along with the problems of cost, intrusion on privacy and identifying such things as hotspot locations is not going to hold wireless communication and technology back. In the end, there will always be solutions to problems and wi-fi is no different in this respect.David Reed, an adjunct professor at MIT's Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts has been studying the future of wireless communications. He draws a comparison with the new wi-fi revolution with that of the 'paperless society' which was often mooted in offices and homes all over the world with the advent of the PC. He said, The market will push us towards a wireless future. People love paper but I can't find a single person who can say that about wires.4As more wi-fi systems are developed which will, in turn, drive the cost down it will become an increasingly less disruptive way to communicate in the future and it will become very difficult for anything else out there to compete with that.2It is used by millions of people every minute. For many people the Internet is a "room" that is situated somewhere behind their computer screens in a cyberspace. Though the Internet exists for about a decade it has become the medium of the new network society. The popular and commercial spreading of the Internet has been exceedingly significant - promoting changes in almost every sphere of human activity and society. From the very beginning of the Internet in 1991, it has completely changed the way firms do business, as well as the way customers buy and use products and services. The Internet gives extra opportunities for marketing. The spreading of the Internet has been so impetuous that it has been the point for well-grounded analysis. The Internet, virtual reality, can or cannot have negative effects on our culture and society? This paper is concentrated on the Internet phenomenon and on the spreading of the Internet culture and its effects on people. The first ideas appeared in the 1950s. In the 1980s, technologies that became the basis of the modern Internet began to spread worldwide. In the 1990s the World Wide Web was used all over the world. The infrastructure of the Internet spread all over the world and the modern world wide network of computers have appeared. It spread amidst the western countries, then came into the developing countries and created a worldwide admittance to communications and data and a digital divide in admittance to this new infrastructure. While studying the amount of Internet users, the Internet had 30 million users on 10 million computers linked to over 240,000 networks in about 100 states. The last figures indicate the fact that International Data Corp values that 40 million people are home web users in the USA in 1999, which consists of 15% of the population. “Le Monde” in 1998 published that 100 million people use the Internet all over the world. Jupiter Communications estimates that active Internet users - 4 to 5 million USA customers - shop regularly on the Internet by 2000, which represents 3% of grown-ups.The Internet is a very attractive marketing tool with the possibility to customize pages, as well as new promotional systems, giving firms the possibility of communication and promotion effectively by adapting to consumers’ likings. Interactive traits of the Internet permit asking customers their likings, and then the firm can adapt product offers and promotions to these likings. It provides the effective recruit of new customers. For instance, some car manufacturers ask Internet users for concrete information and in return give potential customers a $1,000 discount coupon or a free CD player coupon. 这里有很多，不知是通讯的具体什么方面，看看这里，找你想要的吧

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移动通信作为一个科技密集型和知识密集型的高新技术产业，在现代市场经济条件下，在竞争空间日趋激烈和社会信息化发展趋势下，必须十分重视市场营销管理，重视市场营销管理体系建设。要充分根据市场需求的现状与趋势，制定计划，合理有效配置资源。通过有效地满足市场需求，来赢得竞争优势，在加快市场营销步伐的同时，努力建立和完善移动通信市场营销管理体系，以不断适应新的发展形势需要。1目前国内移动通信市场营销管理的现状“市场部”这个词走进国内企业还是近几年的事，目前移动通信企业内部所设置的营销部、分销处、运营部、销售部、以及市场管理部等都是市场部的涵盖范围。从分营后的中国移动通信、中国联通、上海光大、电信长城等具有运营资格的运营商来看，中国移动通信市场营销做的比较大，在原先营业厅基础上，又发展了商场、专卖店、量贩等销售形式，给人一种规模和实力的感觉，然而市场知名度高，但市场品牌忠诚度低；中国联通起步晚，但市场经济条件下没有迟到的经营者，只有善于经营的赢家，中国联通采取分销商网络营销的思路引起业内效仿，但诸多不完善的环节也时常引起消费者反应；其它几家运营商尽管营销思路很前卫，但是制约其市场开发的因素较多，市场反应冷淡。可以说，目前移动通信企业市场营销管理是各行其道，短期行为太多，缺乏长远统一的规划。从行业整个市场来看，我国移动通信企业尚未真正掌握专业营销知识和操作技能，就其对市场的态度和行为而言，移动通信企业还处于为完成短期销售目标而采用广告、公关、有奖销售等促销手段为主的促销导向型阶段，尚未达到市场营销导向型阶段。当然，其中原因也有我国通信行业长期处于垄断阶段的因素，广大从业者没有市场危机感。没有市场危机感就不会产生市场营销紧迫感，对市场营销管理的认识和努力只是在竞争机制下才有所转变。就移动通信行业进入市场经济状态的时间和目前市场供需关系的状况看，从业者的观念和认识的迅速提高要靠调查、分析、预测、营销企划等方式来引导、开拓、扩大和满足广大消费者对其服务的需求来完成，进而达到企业整体长远的营销目标的实现，尽管尚须时日，但这是市场营销的需求和必然发展趋势。从市场发展规律来看，卖方市场到买方市场的转变往往是在市场开始竞争之时，对竞争日渐激烈的移动通信业而言，具有前瞻性目光的人士早已看到，初露端倪的买方市场正在形成。如何适应市场、创造市场，是移动通信企业面临的带有战略性的问题。移动通信商们应该清醒认识到，拥有目前的市场并不完全意味着必然占有市场，还必须依靠行之有效的方式去进行市场拓展，发展市场，创造市场，这个行之有效的方式就是建立和完善企业的市场营销管理体系。2市场营销管理体系的组成和细分从事过营销的人都知识，市场营销的表现是市场管理，市场营销管理的实质是需求管理。企业在开展市场营销的过程中，一般要设定一个在目标市场上预期要实现的交易水平。然而，实际需求水平可能低于、等于、或高于这个预期的需求水平，换言之，在目标市场上，可能没有需求、需求很小或超量需求，市场营销管理就是要对付这些不同的需求，市场营销管理体系就是要对市场营销管理进行科学有效组合。根据移动通信行业自身特点以及市场的发展情况来看，移动通信市场营销管理体系应包括五个方面：(1)市场需求管理；(2)市场营销网络管理；(3)市场推动管理；(4)市场营销环境管理；(5)市场营销组织管理。这个市场营销管理体系就是通过创造建立和保持与目标市场之间的有益交换和联系，以实现移动通信企业的各种目标并进行分析、计划、执行和控制的市场营销指挥系统，可以说，这个系统不仅是定价、分销、促销等单一活动的职能行使，而是一个目标市场运作的中枢神经系统，通过这个系统，企业不断观察市场，发现和评估各种变化因素，然后反馈企业，作为企业制定新战略和行动计划的基础，然后运用新的修正过的行动来消除阻碍目标实现的因素，并观察评价客户和竞争对此作出的反应，然后再反馈到企业使企业再次形成新的战略修正方案推向市场，这样形成良性循环，以达到不断适应市场，创造市场的目的。就移动通信市场营销管理体系的五个组成部分而言，既有机地结合，又独立工作，每一部分又包涵着丰富的细分内容。2.1市场营销需求管理细分我们知道，市场营销管理的实质是需求管理。根据市场需求水平、时间和性质不同，市场需求一般有八种不同状况：(1)负需求；(2)无需求；(3)潜伏需求；(4)下降需求；(5)不规则需求；(6)充分需求；(7)过量需求；(8)有害需求。从市场的组成要素人口、购买力、购买欲望来看，目前移动通信市场需求状况基本处于充分需求和潜伏需求的阶段，是市场开拓者应好好把握的大好时机。市场营销需求管理就是要对市场的需求状况进行有效管理，充分做好市场调查研究，深入市场，广泛了解客户、顾客、分销商、供应商以及广告反应、行业信息、营销网络、促销效果等有关业内的综合情况，广泛搜集市场信息，摸准市场的变化，找准潜在市场及市场盲区和死角，做出详尽属实的市场调研分析报告，以便企业的企划者以此制定市场营销企划方案，制定新业务计划。可以说，市场营销需求管理是企业营销工作的一双眼睛。一般来说，市场营销需求管理包括目标市场分析和市场目标分析两个方面。(1)目标市场影响移动通信目标市场的因素较多，从市场定位、营销策略、促销政策、广告方式、产品价格、产品包装及外形到技术先进程度、购买形式、服务态度、营销网络建设、售后服务等方面都要认真考虑。目标市场变化不断，移动通信运营商也要依据市场的变化不断变化营销管理思路。从手机市场上我们可以看到，手机从当初的组织消费购买到如今的私人消费购买为主，目标市场的变化也引起供应商的努力，摩托罗拉从当初以行政机关领导为主到现在形色多样的各种层次手机，正是目标市场使然。移动通信商要在研究目前目标市场的综合情况时，不断把目光投向市场的新变化，进行市场细分与目标市场新选择，准确把握和预测市场需求的发展动态，才能做到有的放矢。(2)市场目标那些收入稳定、有一定的经济实力和地位的人群，固然是市场目标，但这些人早已是手机的拥有者，移动通信商关注的是新增长的消费层和高消费层新的消费变化。市场永远在变化，所有稳定都是暂时的，移动通信市场也不例外。不同的消费者有不同的变化，从行政机关公务员、企业老板到小业主、企业白领阶层、打工仔，不同年龄不同性别，需求不同，变化也不同，兴趣爱好各异，审美观点有别，需要市场开拓者仔细研究，区别对待，进行准确市场定位。这一点我们从外企的情况可以看出，摩托罗拉手机以厚重大方为主，为行政机关人员和高级管理者所看重；诺基亚以专业公司著称，倡导科技以人为本，平均不到一周时间推出新款，其先进的形象对新潮时尚人士和高级知识分子具有较强吸引力，而在全国各大媒体统一推出的《专业、全面、关怀》系列宣传篇，更是把诺基亚推向大众化市场；爱立信则以灵巧方便为高级商务人士所青睐；飞利浦更是以外形美观色彩明快吸引着广大青年消费者。我国的科键、波导、康佳则以工薪阶Mobile communications as a technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive high-tech industries, in a modern market economy, the space in the increasingly fierce competition and social development trend of information technology, we must attach great importance to marketing management, attention to marketing management system. To fully meet market demand the status and trends, planning, rational and efficient allocation of resources. To effectively meet the market demand, to gain a competitive advantage in accelerating the pace of marketing at the same time, efforts to establish and improve mobile communications marketing management system to continuously adapt to the new development of the situation. 1 domestic mobile communications marketing management status "Market" or words into the domestic enterprises in recent years, the current mobile communication enterprises set up by the marketing, distribution, the Ministry of operations, sales and market management, and so are the Department of the Ministry of the coverage of the market . From the camp after China Mobile, China Unicom, the Shanghai Everbright, telecommunications operators, such as the Great Wall of qualified operators, China Mobile Marketing to do more, in the original business on the basis of the Office and the development of shopping malls, Stores, hypermarkets and other forms of sales, gives people a sense of size and strength, but the market well-known, but the market is low brand loyalty; China Unicom late start, but not under market economy conditions late for the operators, only good at business The winner, China Unicom network marketing distributors to take the ideas from the industry to follow, but many imperfections often caused part of the response of consumers; several other carriers despite the very avant-garde marketing ideas, but restricted their market development than the factors , The market cold. It can be said that the current mobile communication business marketing management is Gexingqidao, too much short-term, long-term lack of unified planning. From the industry look at the entire market, China's mobile communication business has yet to truly master professional knowledge and operating skills marketing, on his attitude and behaviour of the market, the mobile telecommunications sector is still in the short-term sales target for the completion of using advertising, public relations, sales crossword , And other promotions based marketing-oriented stage, have not yet reached the market-oriented marketing stage. Of course, the reasons for China's communications industry has a monopoly stage of the long-term factors, the majority of market practitioners no sense of crisis. No market will not have a sense of crisis on the marketing sense of urgency, the market knowledge and marketing management efforts in the mechanism of competition only if they changed. On the mobile communications industry into the market economy status of the time and the market supply and demand situation, the practitioners of the concept and awareness of the rapid increase to rely on investigation, analysis, forecasts, marketing and other ways to guide the planning, development, to expand and meet the majority of consumer To demand for its services to complete, thereby achieve their overall long-term goal of marketing, despite the need to be given time, but this is the marketing needs and inevitable trend. From the development of the market, a seller's market to a buyer's market is often the changes in the market when the competition began, the increasingly fierce competition in the mobile communications industry, are forward-looking vision of people already see emerging is a buyer's market Formation. How to adapt to the market and create markets, is facing the mobile communications companies with strategic issues. Mobile communications have to be clearly recognized that the current market has not fully occupy the market will inevitably mean that, we must rely on effective ways to conduct market development, market development, market creation, the effective ways is to build and Improve enterprise marketing management system. 2 marketing management system and the breakdown of the composition Engaged in the marketing people have the knowledge, marketing is the performance of market management, marketing management, in essence, is demand management. In carrying out marketing enterprises in the process, to set a general target market in order to achieve the expected level of transactions. However, the level may be lower than actual demand, equal to or higher than the expected level of demand, in other words, the target market, may not demand, needs little or excessive demand, marketing management is to deal with these different needs, Marketing Management System is to the marketing management of scientific and effective combinations. According to the mobile telecommunications sector of its own characteristics and the development of the market situation, mobile communications marketing management system should include five areas: (1) market demand management, (2) marketing network management, (3) market-driven management, (4 ) Marketing environment management, (5) marketing organization and management. The marketing management system is established and maintained through the creation of target markets and between the exchange and useful links, mobile communication enterprises in order to achieve the objectives and analysis, planning, implementation and control of the marketing chain of command, it can be said that this System is not only pricing, distribution, marketing and other activities of the functions of a single exercise, but a target market operation of the central nervous system, through this system, enterprises have continuously observe the market, the detection and assessment of the changes, and then feedback enterprises, as enterprises develop New strategies and action plans based on, and then use the new revised action to eliminate obstacles to achieve the objectives, and to observe and evaluate customer response to this competition, and then back to the enterprises so that enterprises once again to form a new strategic programme that Into the market, such a virtuous circle, constantly adapting to the market to achieve, the purpose of creating the market. Marketing on the mobile communication management system of five components, the combination of both, working independently, each part also includes a breakdown of rich content. 2.1 marketing demand management breakdown We know that marketing management is the essence of demand management. According to market demand, time and a different nature, the general market demand has eight different conditions: (1) negative demand (2) No demand, (3) latent demand (4) decreased demand (5) irregular demand; (6) the full demand (7) excessive demand (8) harmful demand. From the constituent elements of the market, purchasing power, the desire to purchase, the current mobile communication market demand situation is basically in full demand and potential demand for the stage, the market should take full advantage of the pioneers of opportunity. Marketing is to manage demand in the market demand for effective management, to make full market research studies, in-depth market, broad knowledge of clients, customers, distributors, suppliers and advertising response, industry information, marketing network, promotional effects On the comprehensive situation of the industry, extensive collection of market information, Mozhun market changes, and identify potential markets and market blind spots and dead ends, make a detailed analysis of the case of market research reports in order to enterprises are planning to develop marketing planning programme, The development of new business plan. It can be said that marketing needs of enterprise marketing management is the work of the pair of eyes. In general, marketing demand management, including the target market analysis and objective analysis of two aspects of the market. (1) target market Impact of mobile communications market factors more objective, market positioning, marketing strategy, promotion policies, advertising, product prices, product packaging and appearance to the advanced level of technology, purchase forms, service and marketing network construction, service and other aspects To seriously consider. Target market changes constantly, mobile communication operators to market changes based on the changing marketing and management ideas. From the phone on the market, we can see that the phone from the original purchase of consumer organizations to today's mainly the purchase of private consumption, the target market also caused changes in the supplier's efforts, Motorola from the original mainly in the executive leadership to diverse now Xingse Various levels of mobile phones, the result is the target market. Mobile communications have to study the current target market in the comprehensive situation, keep eyes on the new changes in the market, market segmentation and target market of new options, accurate grasp of market demand and projected developments can be targeted. (2) target market Those who are stable, have a certain economic strength and status of the crowd, of course, is the target market, but these people have long been the owner of a mobile phone, mobile communications are concerned that the new growth of consumption and high consumption of the new changes in consumption. The market will never change, and stability are all temporary, mobile communications market is no exception. Different consumers have different changes, from the administrative organs of civil servants, owners of small business owners, corporate white-collar class, wage earners and age groups of different sex, different needs, different changes, different hobbies, aesthetic views are different, the needs of the market Portland careful study and treat them differently, accurate market positioning. This is the situation we can see that foreign invested enterprises, Motorola mobile phones mainly to heavy generous, for the executive officers and senior managers by value; Nokia to a professional company, science and technology to promote people-centered, less than a week the average time a new , Of its advanced image of the futuristic and intellectuals have strong appeal, and the reunification of the country the major media's "professional, comprehensive and caring" series of promotional articles, Geng Shiba popular Nokia push the market; love Ericsson while ingenious convenient for senior business people favor; Philips is a more attractive appearance bright colors to attract a large number of young consumers. China's key Branch, Bird, Konka while working order

通信专业相关论文发表英文

1Wireless technology was little more than just a distant idea for the majority of ordinary consumers ten years ago. However, it has exploded over recent years with the use of 3G phones and wireless home computing increasingly commonplace.It would be foolish to suggest that wireless communication has reached its peak. Whilst mobile phones and home computing will continue to be the major focus in the quest for ever increasing sophistication within the technology, new applications are emerging daily.One company, Securecom Technologies, based in Ireland, have been at the forefront of harnessing wireless technologies in the area of personal safety. They already have a number of products in the marketplace designed to enable users to activate an alarm signal to a remote emergency centre wirelessly. Their Benefon range of applications are used by vulnerable elderly people, lone workers and VIPs to increase their sense of security and ability to effortlessly get in touch with help at the touch of the button.They are now in the process of developing PERUSE1, which stands for 'Personal Safety System Utilising Satellite combined with Emerging Technologies'. The Peruse project will develop a Wireless Personal Alarm (WPA) solution which will be carried by or worn on a person and will allow the user to summon help at the touch of a button. When the alarm has been activated, the WPA will transmit a low power signal to a satellite communications headset which will forward a message to an authorised number. This will include the identity of the person in distress, as well as their current location. However, the ingenuity of the technology goes further as it will also have the potential to transmit the user's current state of health and local environmental parameters.It is envisaged that the recipient of the users SOS signal will be a fully equipped Emergency Monitoring Centre to whom the user will have previously given full instructions as to the steps they would wish to have the Centre take on their behalf in the event of an emergency.There are two core components that are in the development phase. The wireless personal alarm (WPA) and a 'dongle' which provides the handset for satellite communication use which will have a low power wireless link to the WPA.The important issues here are that the two components will need to take into account size, cost, accuracy of location and battery autonomy. The main benefits will be that the device will be able to be worn or carried on a person discreetly. This makes it ideal for professions such as personal security, where the ability to communicate a message quickly and without fuss can often be of paramount importance. It will herald a new era in satellite communication. No longer will the user have to tap a keypad to enter a number nor will they have to move the handset for optimal signal strength prior to sending an emergence message. This technology will be invaluable to professions such as mountain rescue and will also be a tremendous benefit to those who enjoy hiking and climbing in the course of their leisure pursuits where conventional mobile phone technology can often be rendered useless.There are currently no known competitors for this potentially life saving technology for which Securecom has filed for both Irish and European Patent Applications. Prototypes have already been manufactured and pilot programmes and laboratory tests are well under way.UWB (Ultra Wide Band)2 is another example of emerging wireless technology. Alongside traditional wireless uses, UWB can also detect images through solid objects, such as people on the opposite side of a wall. This has led to an equal number of supporters and opponents.Although UWB can be used for consumer applications in a similar fashion to Bluetooth technology such as cable elimination between a PC and its peripheral equipment, the more interesting applications focus on its 'radar 'like imagery. These applications could be used to find people trapped in a burning building, locating hostages and captors behind a thick wall and finding objects such as those that might be buried in the ground. Heightened security at airports and other public buildings can use UWB technology to detect weapons on people and bombs in luggage and packages. In this age of heightened security, post 9/11, the benefits of this emerging technology should not be understated.A few companies have started to develop UWB products, including XtremeSpectrum, Time Domain and Aether Wire. XtremeSpectrum is developing products to enable the sending and receiving of multiple streams of digital audio and video for both battery powered and other consumer devices such as digital cameras, DVDs, DVRs, camcorders, MP3 players and set top boxes. Time Domain has developed a UWB chip set targeting three core technologies: wireless communication, precision location and tracking, and high definition portable radar whilst Aether Wire is working on miniature, distributed-position location and low data-rate communication devices. One of its goals is to develop coin sized devices that are capable of localisation to centimetre accuracy over kilometre distances.However, privacy violation is one of the major concerns of the technology's opponents. Any technology that can 'see' through solid objects can be used for illegal purposes as well as legitimate ones. In theory, a UWB-enabled system could 'look through' the walls of a house to locate valuable objects and could detect when the occupants are not at home. Supporters, however, could rightly point out that this is a dilemma shared by many technologies that are used to enhance public safety - the juggling act between increased security versus decreased personal freedom. It could be argued that baggage searches at airports via x-ray and metal detection are common examples of us giving up privacy for better security, a price most people are willing to pay.No other area is more at the forefront of the emergence of innovation in wireless technology than space exploration. Future missions to nearby planets like Mars will require space communication technologies that can provide an interplanetary satellite and navigation infrastructure via space systems that are far more compact and efficient than seen ever before. A longer term commitment will be necessary to resolve the challenges of efficient planetary communication due to the increase in distances involved as space exploration ventures further out into the solar system. To support planetary exploration, techniques developed for Earth-bound usage will be transferred to other planets as well. Exploration of Mars, for example, will require a high accuracy positioning capability such as a 'Martian GPS' as an aid to exploratory roving vehicles.This very day, the 'Mars Spirit' space rover continues to send data back to Earth, almost 18 months after it touched down on the red planet, surviving more than 4 times its expected mission length. One day it is highly likely that we may see astronauts walking on Mars carting around wi-fi enabled PCs. In a remote Arizona meteor crater, NASA has already begun testing a mobile wi-fi system that could enable those on a Mars mission to easily deploy wireless data connectivity at a transmission rate of just more than a megabit per second over a 2 square mile area, and then change that coverage area at will through the use of mobile access points, making it entirely feasible to explore different terrain on any given day.Tropos Networks3 developed the technology which NASA has adopted whereby the astronauts could have inter-connectivity via a three node mesh network. They would first establish a base communications station near their spacecraft and then set up an Ethernet connection between that base and a main access point. Then each node in the network would pick up its wireless connectivity from the access point.Testing is still in its infancy and there is some way to go before astronauts would be strutting their stuff on Mars and communicating wirelessly with one and other and with mission control in this way.However, the Mars Spirit space rover is still sending back images and data from the red planet today, relying heavily on wireless technology to do so. It may appear that these vehicles have been designed solely for the purpose of space exploration but closer scrutiny reveals applications that could also be modified and used on Earth. Unlike, say, a car manufacturing robot which knows where and when the engine or body appears on the assembly line, the Mars rovers are working in an unstructured and unknown environment. As a result, the rovers have had to learn about their new home through their own sensors, including a set of nine cameras on each rover. The rovers have two navigation cameras for a 3D view of their surroundings, two hazard avoidance cameras for a 3D view of nearby terrain and panoramic cameras to capture the images of the planet's surface. However, the rovers cannot just look around them, process the images and know where to go. Neither can the mission controllers on Earth grab a joystick and start steering the rovers whilst watching images being beamed back from thousands of miles away. A key reason is processing power. The central processor in each rover has a top speed of 20 MHz. Instead, during the Martian night, while a rover is 'asleep', a team on Earth with much more powerful computers programs its activities for the day ahead, and then sends basic instructions on where to go and how to get there. Along with taking pictures, each rover is examining the planet with several instruments on a robotic arm. The arms have 'shoulder', 'elbow' and 'wrist' joints for manoeuvrability and are equipped with four sensors: a microscopic camera for close up pictures of rocks, an alpha particle x ray spectrometer for determining the mineral content of rocks, another spectrometer for detecting iron and a rock abrasion tool for cutting through the layer of oxidation that forms on the surfaces of Martian rocks. As with the movement of the rovers, the arms are controlled mostly via prepared commands from mission control.Some observers have noted that some of these applications may prove useful here on Earth. For example, a robotic arm that doesn't require real time human control might be good for disabled people who use wheelchairs and can't control a joystick with their hands. Using its own sensors, it could reach out and get things for the person in the wheelchair, for example.In addition, a robot that can deal with new and unknown environments might save manufacturers money. In current factories with 'robotic' workers, when the company shifts to making a new product, the whole factory floor has to be reconfigured and the robots reprogrammed to deal with the new arrangement. A robot that could use feedback from sensors to figure out where things are could adapt to changes by itself, saving the company the time and effort of building a new structured environment and reprogramming the robots.With all the emerging technologies around and, inevitably, with more to come, the inevitable hurdle will be one of convergence and integration as the IT industry seeks to develop the tools that will be most sought after. Inevitably, there will be winners and losers.However, there is no doubt that the wireless phenomenon is reshaping enterprise connectivity worldwide and is definitely here to stay. Business needs information mobility for better customer interaction. Employees will be even more equipped to perform their job functions from their workplace of choice and, though this sounds like utopia, a societal change from office based to 'wherever they feel like being' based might conjure up an horrific vision of the future for company leaders who have enjoyed the traditions of having all their employees working from under the same roof.Another major issue has to be one of security. There are many issues when it comes to security over wireless networks. Wireless networks do not follow the rules of traditional wired networks. Many times, the signals are carried far beyond the physical parameters they are meant to be controlled within making it easier to intercept signals and capture information.There will also be the question posed of what happens to the have nots? - Those people and developing countries in particular that don't have the resources to wirelessly interact with others. The same thing could be said about the Internet itself but satellites could alleviate that problem far more quickly than the ability to put broadband connections in every office and home throughout the world.Another major hurdle has to be that business and society can only adapt at a certain pace. Technology evolves far more quickly and there may be many a product developed for which the demand is not yet there. But the mobile phone and PC market driven by what the consumer wants will determine what the future of wireless holds.But there is no question that wireless communication is here to stay and will grow even more.Signs of the new wireless technologies abound. Consumers are setting up wireless local area networks (WLANS) in their homes. These allow multiple computers to hook up to one fast internet connection or laptop users to connect from the comfort of their sofa or back garden patio. Away from home, 'Hotspots' that permit wireless connection to the internet are popping up everywhere, in book stores, coffee shops, airports and even pubs. Within the next year, airlines are expected to announce the availability of wi-fi during flights. However, until there is increased competition in the market place, this new epoch will be there for the privileged few as opposed to the mass market who will still be relying solely on their mobile phones for wireless connectivity on the move. It remains to be seen whether the new generation of 3G phones has arrived too late to push aside wi-fi and it's even conceivable that mobile phone companies could one day find themselves obsolete unless they look for new ways to attract and retain customers.But issues like security, along with the problems of cost, intrusion on privacy and identifying such things as hotspot locations is not going to hold wireless communication and technology back. In the end, there will always be solutions to problems and wi-fi is no different in this respect.David Reed, an adjunct professor at MIT's Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts has been studying the future of wireless communications. He draws a comparison with the new wi-fi revolution with that of the 'paperless society' which was often mooted in offices and homes all over the world with the advent of the PC. He said, The market will push us towards a wireless future. People love paper but I can't find a single person who can say that about wires.4As more wi-fi systems are developed which will, in turn, drive the cost down it will become an increasingly less disruptive way to communicate in the future and it will become very difficult for anything else out there to compete with that.2It is used by millions of people every minute. For many people the Internet is a "room" that is situated somewhere behind their computer screens in a cyberspace. Though the Internet exists for about a decade it has become the medium of the new network society. The popular and commercial spreading of the Internet has been exceedingly significant - promoting changes in almost every sphere of human activity and society. From the very beginning of the Internet in 1991, it has completely changed the way firms do business, as well as the way customers buy and use products and services. The Internet gives extra opportunities for marketing. The spreading of the Internet has been so impetuous that it has been the point for well-grounded analysis. The Internet, virtual reality, can or cannot have negative effects on our culture and society? This paper is concentrated on the Internet phenomenon and on the spreading of the Internet culture and its effects on people. The first ideas appeared in the 1950s. In the 1980s, technologies that became the basis of the modern Internet began to spread worldwide. In the 1990s the World Wide Web was used all over the world. The infrastructure of the Internet spread all over the world and the modern world wide network of computers have appeared. It spread amidst the western countries, then came into the developing countries and created a worldwide admittance to communications and data and a digital divide in admittance to this new infrastructure. While studying the amount of Internet users, the Internet had 30 million users on 10 million computers linked to over 240,000 networks in about 100 states. The last figures indicate the fact that International Data Corp values that 40 million people are home web users in the USA in 1999, which consists of 15% of the population. “Le Monde” in 1998 published that 100 million people use the Internet all over the world. Jupiter Communications estimates that active Internet users - 4 to 5 million USA customers - shop regularly on the Internet by 2000, which represents 3% of grown-ups.The Internet is a very attractive marketing tool with the possibility to customize pages, as well as new promotional systems, giving firms the possibility of communication and promotion effectively by adapting to consumers’ likings. Interactive traits of the Internet permit asking customers their likings, and then the firm can adapt product offers and promotions to these likings. It provides the effective recruit of new customers. For instance, some car manufacturers ask Internet users for concrete information and in return give potential customers a $1,000 discount coupon or a free CD player coupon. 这里有很多，不知是通讯的具体什么方面，看看这里，找你想要的吧

Abstract: Chinese have experienced the pre-researches and partial satellite tests on the man carried cosmonautic vehicle, carried on the researches on environmental control and ecology protection subsystem in "Shenzhou" airships, carried on the researches on physical chemistry regenerating technical of environmental control and ecology protection & that of controlled ecology and ecology protection. This paper mainly introduces the research evolution of the technical of the environmental control and ecology protection system and analyses the technical characteristic about the environmental control and ecology protection system.Abstract: In this paper, we provide a new practical method to abstract noise model of INS/GNSS integrated navigation system for Kalman filter from measuring data, we first designed the experiment which based on the elaborate deduction, then we log the data of GNSS and made stationary test of the stochastic process, after that, we fit the model and estimate the parameter. This method, we think, can be used practically in other integrated navigation system.

问题一："论文"用英语怎么说论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~ English dissertation(英语论文) Graduation thesis(毕业论文) 问题二：在期刊上发表了论文用英语怎么说在期刊上发表了论文 Published a paper in the Journal ――――――――――――――――― 您好，用心、细心为您答疑解惑；如果本题还有什么不明白可以追问，如果满意请记得采纳；如果有其他问题请采纳本题后，请指向我的图像点击向我求助！答题不易，请谅解，谢谢。 ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――祝您生活愉快！问题三：我想问一下，毕业论文后面写的已发表论文，状态里面，英文怎么表达？比如Accepted 等等。 10分 submitted: 就是这篇文章已经提交给期刊，但还没有得到任何答复，还完全有被拒收的可能； under review: 就是文章进入评审阶段，一般提交给期刊的文章先要经过期刊助手对文章结构，字数等技术性检查，合格的话才送交主编，由主编邀请评审专家初审。under review 表明主编已经将论文送审了，结果仍未知； major revision: 文章需要大改，一般情况下如果（2-3位中）1位评审专家对文章提出一些尖锐、负面的意见，而另几位的意见比较正面，则主编往往会要求作者进行大改动；至此，文章还是有被接受的可能，但要看改动后的文章是否让评审专家或主编满意； minor revision: 小改动，至此文章被接受的可能已经达90%，只需要对文中小的差错进行修改即可接受； accepted：完全接受，但离出版印刷发行还有段时间； early online (or online ready):已经完全定型的文章还需要排队印刷发行，这个过程有的期刊会很长，1-2年，early online 或 online ready 就是先将文章在网上发布出来，供读者阅读。这时的文章 doi 号码已经有，也可以引用，但还没有正式的卷号，期号及页码； published: 最后印刷出版了问题四：“发表论文”用英文怎么说 to issue the dissertation 问题五：“有一篇论文正准备发表”用英语怎么说有一篇论文正准备发表A paper is being prepared for publication 问题六：他因发表了几篇有影响的论文，在学术界颇有名气用英语怎么说他因发表了几篇有影响的论文，在学术界颇有名气 He published several influential papers, is very famous in academia 问题七：以第一作者发表sci论文用英文怎么说毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节，也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果，培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专业知识和技能解决较为复杂问题的能力并使他们受到科学研究的基本训练。标题标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。总标题总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有： ①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。 ②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，轻易激起读者的注重。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。 ③交代内容范围。这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注重，以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中心和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。 ④用判定句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。问题八：文章已经发表用英语怎么说文章已经发表用英语 The article has been published. 问题九："论文"用英语怎么说论文（Paper）或：dissertation（论文）或：thesis（论文）经常说的：）~ English dissertation(英语论文) Graduation thesis(毕业论文) 问题十：在期刊上发表了论文用英语怎么说在期刊上发表了论文 Published a paper in the Journal ――――――――――――――――― 您好，用心、细心为您答疑解惑；如果本题还有什么不明白可以追问，如果满意请记得采纳；如果有其他问题请采纳本题后，请指向我的图像点击向我求助！答题不易，请谅解，谢谢。 ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――祝您生活愉快！

发表通信专业论文

正刊，通信类或者科技类比较合适，上网方面最好是上cnki，没有的话，上维普也可以，再退一步，万方也可以，最好不要再退了，除非你对这个刊物代理很熟悉，否则尽量选择上网刊物，起码出刊以后可以确定是否正刊，花钱是小事，一定要正刊能用才行

(一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。

(二)论文——署名科学论文应该署真名和真实的工作单位。主要体现责任、成果归属并便于后人追踪研究。严格意义上的论文作者是指对选题、论证、查阅文献、方案设计、建立方法、实验操作、整理资料、归纳总结、撰写成文等全过程负责的人，应该是能解答论文的有关问题者。现在往往把参加工作的人全部列上，那就应该以贡献大小依次排列。论文署名应征得本人同意。学术指导人根据实际情况既可以列为论文作者，也可以一般致谢。行政领导人一般不署名。

(三)论文——引言是论文引人入胜之言，很重要，要写好。一段好的论文引言常能使读者明白你这份工作的发展历程和在这一研究方向中的位置。要写出论文立题依据、基础、背景、研究目的。要复习必要的文献、写明问题的发展。文字要简练。

(四)论文——材料和方法按规定如实写出实验对象、器材、动物和试剂及其规格，写出实验方法、指标、判断标准等，写出实验设计、分组、统计方法等。这些按杂志对论文投稿规定办即可。

(五)论文——实验结果应高度归纳，精心分析，合乎逻辑地铺述。应该去粗取精，去伪存真，但不能因不符合自己的意图而主观取舍，更不能弄虚作假。只有在技术不熟练或仪器不稳定时期所得的数据、在技术故障或操作错误时所得的数据和不符合实验条件时所得的数据才能废弃不用。而且必须在发现问题当时就在原始记录上注明原因，不能在总结处理时因不合常态而任意剔除。废弃这类数据时应将在同样条件下、同一时期的实验数据一并废弃，不能只废弃不合己意者。

实验结果的整理应紧扣主题，删繁就简，有些数据不一定适合于这一篇论文，可留作它用，不要硬行拼凑到一篇论文中。论文行文应尽量采用专业术语。能用表的不要用图，可以不用图表的最好不要用图表，以免多占篇幅，增加排版困难。文、表、图互不重复。实验中的偶然现象和意外变故等特殊情况应作必要的交代，不要随意丢弃。

(六)论文——讨论是论文中比较重要，也是比较难写的一部分。应统观全局，抓住主要的有争议问题，从感性认识提高到理性认识进行论说。要对实验结果作出分析、推理，而不要重复叙述实验结果。应着重对国内外相关文献中的结果与观点作出讨论，表明自己的观点，尤其不应回避相对立的观点。论文的讨论中可以提出假设，提出本题的发展设想，但分寸应该恰当，不能写成“科幻”或“畅想”。

(七)论文——结语或结论论文的结语应写出明确可靠的结果，写出确凿的结论。论文的文字应简洁，可逐条写出。不要用“小结”之类含糊其辞的词。

(八)论文——参考义献这是论文中很重要、也是存在问题较多的一部分。列出论文参考文献的目的是让读者了解论文研究命题的来龙去脉，便于查找，同时也是尊重前人劳动，对自己的工作有准确的定位。因此这里既有技术问题，也有科学道德问题。

一篇论文中几乎自始至终都有需要引用参考文献之处。如论文引言中应引上对本题最重要、最直接有关的文献;在方法中应引上所采用或借鉴的方法；在结果中有时要引上与文献对比的资料；在讨论中更应引上与论文有关的各种支持的或有矛盾的结果或观点等。

(九)论文——致谢论文的指导者、技术协助者、提供特殊试剂或器材者、经费资助者和提出过重要建议者都属于致谢对象。论文致谢应该是真诚的、实在的，不要庸俗化。不要泛泛地致谢、不要只谢教授不谢旁人。写论文致谢前应征得被致谢者的同意，不能拉大旗作虎皮。

(十)论文——摘要或提要：以200字左右简要地概括论文全文。常放篇首。论文摘要需精心撰写，有吸引力。要让读者看了论文摘要就像看到了论文的缩影，或者看了论文摘要就想继续看论文的有关部分。此外，还应给出几个关键词，关键词应写出真正关键的学术词汇，不要硬凑一般性用词。

发表论文无非就两种方式：第一种就是自己投稿，买本杂志，根据版权页上的投稿方式去投稿（这种的弊端就是周期太长，对于着急的客户，不适用）当然，跟杂志社关系好能顺利发表的请无视我的话因为直投杂志社容易，能成果发表难，我认识的主编跟我说他们邮箱里的稿件基本上没有低于过1000篇，而且杂志社就那么几个人，根本不可能忙的过来，就算抽时间看下邮件也就是看个题目，题目不新颖没吸引力的直接略过，就算点开文章，也是先大概看下职称、单位、研究方向、摘要、关键词，没什么吸引人眼球的内容也直接pass掉。第二种就是找代理机构发表（这种的需要睁大眼，发表行业鱼龙混杂，必须得保证自己发的杂志是正刊，也不能是增刊）。找代理机构认准以下几点；一、首先选择国家新闻出版广电局能查到的正规杂志二、其次是某宝担保交易，更有保障三、最后录用通知下来后，亲自打版权页或者收录网站（知网、维普、万方、龙源）上查稿电话查稿确认录用后，再付款。

随着我国通信工程的不断发展与进步，通信工程对于发展创新能力更加重视。下文是我为大家整理的关于通信工程论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!

浅析无线通信基站的防雷接地技术

摘要：随着我国经济建设的大力发展，我们国家的综合国力已经迅速提高了，我们在国际上的地位也在日益增强，同一些发达国家之间的交流也不断增强，所以现在在国际上的声望越来越大，但是面对的国际竞争也越来越激烈，为了能够在激烈的竞争中不断发展下去，我们必须要提高一些重要技术发展的速度，当前我们正处于信息化时代，信息化时代需要的技术都非常多，我们必须要加快技术的发展，让我们的信息化技术发展得更加成熟。

关键词：无线;通信;基站;探讨;探究分析;防雷;接地;技术

引言

当前我们正处于信息化的时代，信息化时代大多都是完全自动的技术，比如一些无线通信基站的建立，发展一些防雷接地技术，这些技术都是在信息化的基础上建立起来的，我国的起步本来就非常晚，所以在一些无线通信基站的建立和防雷接地技术的研发上面还是与发达国家存在较大的差距，本文我们就是主要针对无线通信基站的防雷接地技术进行探讨，通过目前的发展现状，还有发展中存在的问题，提出一些重要的建议，完善我国信息化技术，促进信息化技术的发展。

一、基站的简介

基站就是无线通信基站，是无线电台站的一种形式，基站就是指在一定的无线电覆盖区域中，然后通过无线通信交换的中心，与移动电话的终端进行信息传递的无线电收发信号，无线通信基站的建设具有非常重要的意义，是我国一些重要信息化设备的重要部分，随着信息化时代越来越成熟的发展，通信网络越来越向着数据化、分组化的方向发展，所以我们可以看出，信息化技术越来越快的发展，必然会导致我国的通信基站的发展越来越宽带化，大面积的覆盖化。基站建立的主要功能就是提供无线覆盖，实现有线通信网络与无线终端之间的无线信号传输。通信信号在基站中的传输流程如下：

首先，核心网的控制信令、数据业务等通过传输网络发送到基站。然后就是通信信号在基站中经过基带或者射频进行相应的处理分析，然后将分析之后的结果通过射频送到天线上并进行发送。当终端通过无线信道接收到无线电波之后，就要经过解调，解调出属于自己的信号，属于自己的信号就是能够被自己读懂的信息。

基站的信号传输方向还分为反方向和正反向，以上所举的例子就是正方向，反方向与正方向的传输过程相似。每个基站的连接方式不一样，所以根据连接方式，我们可以将其包含一个或者几个扇区，扇区就是指覆盖的范围，在用户密集的地区，通常会对覆盖范围进行控制，避免对相邻的基站造成干扰。基站的物理结构由基带模块和射频模块两大部分组成，基带模块主要是完成基带的调制与解调、无线资源的分配、呼叫处理、功率控制与软切换等功能，射频模块主要是完成空中射频信道和基带数字信道之间的转换，以及射频信道的放大、收发等功能，而接地防雷系统可以保证基站安全及工作效率。我们通过这些可以看出，基站的建立是非常复杂的，所用到的技术都非常先进，想要提高基站工作的效率，就必须要提高建立基站的重要组成结构及管理。

二、如何加强无线通信基站的管理

无线通信基站的建立非常复杂，通过上面对基站的描述我们也能够认识到基站的复杂程度，在不断的信息化技术发展的同时，技术越来越高，我们也要不断地完善通信基站的建立，只有不断地完善，才能提高基站工作的效率，想要提高基站的工作效率，就要加强对无线通信基站的管理，那么如何加强对无线通信基站的管理呢?

首先是站点的选择地址，在进行基站的建立之前，需要选择基站建立的地理位置，但是并不是任何一个地方就可以作为基站地址的，需要充分地考虑物业问题，还要尽量选择离居民区较远的地方，如果基站建立的地位必须要在市区居民区，在建设之前一定要提前做好解释和沟通工作，避免施工过程中遭受阻挠，影响工程进度。

在选择地址的过程中，还需要进行地段的勘察，注意周围50米内的有无高楼的阻挡，如果有高楼的阻挡，我们在建设的时候，一定要调整扇区方向角错开大楼的阻挡，否则会影响基站信号的接收，影响基站的工作效率。

还要特别注意的就是站点周围不应存在油库、强辐射场所，这些东西都存在着较大的安全隐患，一旦发生较大的危害，就会影响到基站，不利于基站的覆盖。基站的机房必须要满足设备的承重能力，不能出现渗水、漏水、裂痕等现象，勘察的工作人员必须要及时地做好现场设备的记录，一些设备必须要进行拍照，定期地进行检查，防止存在问题，影响到信号的发送。

其次就是设备的加电问题，工作人员在加电的时候必须要穿绝缘鞋，使用的工具应做绝缘处理，缠绕厚度为三圈以上，施工时所有线缆不许衔接，电源线接头必须要进行绝缘保护，设备加电前检查电源的直流电源线、地线的连接是否非常牢固，如果不牢固，一定要及时解决，用试电笔测量加电设备的外壳是否带电，确认以上的所有程序都全部规范后，再进行加电处理。

三、无线通信基站中防雷接地技术的应用

为了防止无线通信基站在使用过程中受到雷害，确保在雷雨天气也能够正常地投入使用，确保基站内的设备可以正常安全地运行，我们在基站中应用了防雷接地技术，防止雷害的发生，提高了基站在任何天气中的运行效率。防雷接地技术组成的环节也非常复杂，下面我们就来详细地介绍一下防雷接地技术的安装工序：

首先，需要一个环形的接地装置，这个装置主要分散在基站的周围，并且按照标准将其埋在一定的深度，构成一个封闭环形接地体，接地体就是埋入地下，并且能够与大地直接接触的导体。接地汇集线、接地母线、接地引入线汇集线与接地体之间的连接线，接地系统接地线及接地体，以上所说的各种接地线都是为防雷接地技术做好了基础，这些都是在基站周围的土地里的设备，除了地上的就是天上的了;在基站机房的上方需要安装避雷针，若已建站的架空高压电力线路防雷改造采用避雷线有困难时，可在架空高压电力线路终端杆、终端杆前第一、第三或第二、第四杆上各增设一组氧化锌避雷器，同时在第三杆或第四杆上增设一组高压保险丝。

除了避雷针的安装，还有就是避雷设备的应用，主要应用的就是避雷器，指标等参数必须符合相关标准、规范的规定。防雷接地技术的应用，主要就是在基站周围的土地里埋上接地线，机房上方需要安装避雷针，这样在打雷的天气才能将电流成功地引入地上，然后进行中和，防止电流对机房内的设备产生巨大的影响，但是除了这些表面上的工作，我们还将防雷接地技术应用到了一些运行的设备上，防止表面的防雷工作没有做好，环节中出现了漏洞。为了确保足够的安全，由于地形条件的不同，所以对地网组成方式给予了灵活考虑，确保楼顶避雷带与铁塔地网连通，在地下、地面上一一多点(两点以上) 焊接连通，以确保安全。

在施工的过程中，笔者在这方面有深刻的体会，2012年在甘肃联通G网五期的建设过程中，在定西市位于土家湾的一个基站发生雷击事件，基站设备的电源板件被烧坏导致基站瘫痪通信中断。事后分析就是因为防雷接地系统未能起到保护作用，雷电没能及时地通过大地释放而是通过连接线引入机房造成的。

以上就是防雷接地技术的重要性，因为有的建筑物在雷雨天都能够发生雷害，那么基站建立的地位也必须要考虑到这层因素，为了确保基站能够正常的运行，提高为人们服务的效率，以防在雷雨的天气就会给人们带来不必要的困扰，给人们的生活带来不便，传统上的基站技术，到雷雨天气就要禁止运行，以防造成较大的后果，但是自从防雷接地技术成功采用之后，我们的基站应用效果越来越高了，推动了我国信息化技术的成功发展。

四、结束语

随着我国力量越来越大，我国发展的项目也越来越多，但是由于我国起步较晚，所以在一些先进的技术面前与发达国家的差距还是非常的大，无线通信基站是在信息化时代的背景下发展的，虽然引入了防雷接地技术，但是在应用的过程中还会存在一些问题，我们必须要采取正确的措施及时的解决，推动经济进步。

参考文献：

[1] 王承恕.通信网新技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社，2006.

[2] 李建东.移动通讯[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2006.

[3] 庞沁华.通信原理[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2008.

[4] 关于发布《移动通信基站防雷与接地设计规范》的通知信部[1998]398号[S].

[5] 梁峰.防雷接地技术的安装过程[D].北京大学，2013.

[6] 黄海.防雷接地技术的应用[D].北京邮电大学，2012.

浅谈通信工程发展现状与前景

摘要：在现今通信工程发展中，进行科学合理人性化的通信工程创新发展可以更好地提高我国的技术水平，促进科技优势的发挥，从而提高创新能力培养的效率，维持通信工程更好的发展。通过对通信工程发展现状与前景的研究，进一步了解通信工程发展的现状，并且找出促进通信工程发展的方法。[1]因为通信工程的发展决定了我国科技领域的发展状况，同时也决定了我国信息化进步的速度。这些启示在信息工程的发展前景中，一定要重视创新能力的培养。

关键词：通信工程;人才培养;创新能力;现状与前景

一、前言

随着我国通信工程的不断发展与进步，通信工程对于发展创新能力更加重视。然而，如何建立一个健全的发展创新能力培养制度，并且通过这个制度来培养出更加优秀的通信工程发展，对于通信工程的发展来说也非常重要。本文的研究是为了给通信工程提供更好的方法来培养通信工程发展创新能力，从而提升通信工程的声誉与形象，并且给通信工程的发展带来良好的前景。

二、通信工程发展的新要求

21世纪是知识经济时代，主要是以智力资源以及无形资产作为生产要素以及以科学知识和创新能力来推动经济的发展，因此，这对传统通信工程提出了新的需求，知识经济属于网络化的经济发展模式，对通信工程的发展创新能力培养层次以及发展创新能力培养效率都有着较高的要求，同时知识经济也属于智力支撑型的经济，它对通信工程的发展创新能力培养提出了快速转变的高速度要求，要求通信工程的发展能够更加重视创新能力培养。[2]

三、我国通信工程发展现状

1、缺乏创新的方法。

在提升通信工程发展过程中，由于缺乏创新的方法，使得新时期通信工程发展无法得到更好的进步。通信工程发展缺乏创新的方法，这就意味着发展方法传统而老套，并且无法跟上当今时代发展的步伐，这样也使得通信工程发展无法满足时代的要求，这也不利于通信工程的发展。通信工程在发展过程中会因为创新能力不足而阻碍了通信工程的发展，从而给通信工程发展带来巨大的损失。

2、缺乏专业的通信工程人才。

当然，在通信工程发展的过程中，通信工程的工作人员的专业性也非常重要。可是，由于缺乏专业的通信工程人才，也会使得通信工程发展缺乏创新性，并且也会使得通信工程发展方案缺乏创造性，从而阻碍了通信工程的进一步发展。而且工作人员缺乏专业性也会导致工程施工发生问题，从而给通信工程带来巨大的损失。

3、发展管理机制不足。

同时，通信工程发展中由于缺乏完善的管理机制，也会给通信工程的发展带来一定的阻碍。因为管理机制过于传统而死板，这样也丧失了创新性，无法调动工作者的工作积极性。同时，传统死板的理论框架无法使得通信工程得到新的突破，并且会带来一连贯的连锁阻碍作用。[3]4、资金管理不足。随着通信工程发展规模的不断扩大，政府已经无法提供足够的资金来支持通信工程发展。再加上通信工程企业没有对资金进行合理的规划和管理，使得缺乏足够的资金用到培养通信人才以及通信发展方面上来。缺乏合理的资金管理，这就会使通信工程缺乏资金置办一些基础设施，也会使得通信工程的一些硬件设施不够完善。[4]

四、我国通信工程发展前景

1、发展同频电信工程。

因为通信工程在发展过程中存在同频干扰因素，对于同频干扰给出三种控制策略。首先是对于家里老式家用电器，在家里干扰设备清晰可见而且方便移动的情况下，剔除对波部产生干扰设备，有效地对同频干扰进行控制。当然还可通过改变发射频率来控制同频干扰。最后还可采取扩频的方式来控制同频干扰。通过这三种同频干扰的控制方式来缓解信息传递过程中的信号中断问题。

2、配置通信工程的干扰控制方式。

因为通信工程在发展的过程中存在配置干扰因素，所以，在未来的发展中就应该做好前景预测，那就是必须对配置干扰采取控制方式。当出现配置干扰时候，要首先利用网线进行信号检测，以便尽快把握现在的配置干扰情况。

3、发展通信工程的硬件。

一个良好的通信工程离不开高质量的硬件设施，只有硬件设施质量好，才能更好的避免硬件干扰事件的发生。所以在未来的发展中，这就需要在通信工程中，能够选择利用高质量的硬件设备，这样对于控制硬件干扰来说也是非常重要的方式。

五、总结

本文主要是以通信工程发展现状和前景预测作为主要的研究对象，对于通信工程实际发展现状进行有效的分析和论述，针对通信工程发展中存在的问题进行分析，最终提出有效的前景发展倡导，实现通信工程发展水平的进一步提升发展。所以，这就需要通信工程能够重视通信创新能力的培养，并且不断通过创新方法来提升通信工程发展能力，这对于通信工程未来的发展前景也具有重要的意义。

参考文献：

[1]陈华栋.加强通信工程思政博客建设的探索与思考[M].人民教育出版社,2008.

[2]田光灿.通信工程发展创新能力培养研究[J].通信工程党建与思想教育,2009.

[3]方海涛.论通信工程发展创新能力的现状及管理途径[J].通信工程党建与思想教育,第437期.

[4]丁宏.互联网对通信工程发展创新能力的影响[J].通信工程理论战线,2003.

通信专业论文发表

核心期刊的操作过程过程大概是这几步：选题—实验—统计—成文—投稿—初审—外审—修改—发表，前面4个环节实际上就是写文章并投稿，时间和文章投稿都是自己可以控制的，可以写得快一些也可以慢工出细活，但是投稿以后，审稿速度和审稿结果就把握在别人手里了。这个审稿时间，让很多着急的人甚是烦躁，但没办法也只能等。大部分的核心期刊在征稿启示里都很清楚的写着是3个月，顶级核心期刊身高时间可能更长，达到6个月，这是因为他们这些刊物更权威，审稿需要把文章看得更仔细，更重要的是审稿专家的时间也很紧张，并不是普通期刊那样由编辑坐在办公室天天下载稿件，审稿就是检测一下复制率就完事。当然，申明的3个月或者3-6个月的并不一定要这么长，有时候也会很快。但总的来说核心期刊通常是3个月左右。如果3个月后审稿通过的话，接下来就是排期，即正式发表，大约是审稿通过后的半年左右，这就是说审稿通过并不是马上就能发表的，而要等半年到一年左右才能正式发表出来。相当于你写完文章——投稿——审稿通过——发表的时间大约是9个月到一年左右。

想必SCI老手已经摸透了论文的投稿程序，不过对于那些刚刚接触sci论文的人来说，sci论文的投稿步骤还是非常重要的。今天就分享一篇sci论文的投稿步骤，希望帮助到你。1．选择合适的 SCI 期刊，结合专业知识，根据年度影响因子表和他人经验来综合选择要投递的期刊，并进入该期刊查询系统查询近年来的文章走向。2. 下载：进入每个杂志的首页，打开 submit paper 一栏，点击 Introduction 查看或下载即可。3. 稿件及其相关材料准备：Manuscript.doc、Tables.doc、Figures.tiff（jpg 等）、Coverletter，有时还有 Title page、Copyright agreement、Conflicts of interest 等。4. 网上投稿：首先进入每个杂志的首页，打开 submit paper 一栏，以通讯作者的身份登录，按照提示依次完成：Select Article Type、Enter Title、Add/Edit/Remove Authors、Submit Abstract、EnterKeywords、Select Classifications、Enter Comments、Request Editor、Attach Files，最后下载 pdf，查看无误后，即可到投稿主页 approve submission 或直接 submit it。5. 不定期关注稿件状态：SubmitNew Manuscript、Submissions Sent Back to Author、Icomplete Submissions、SbmissionsWaiting for Author's Approval、Submissions Being Processed、Submissions NeedingRevision、Rvisions Sent Back to Author、IcompleteSubmissions Being Revised、Risions Waiting for Author's Approval、Declined Revisions。6. 修回稿的投递：主要修改evised manuscript、response to the reviewers、cover letter，还有其他需要修改的相关材料。步骤是先进入投稿主页 main menu，点击 revise，仍然按照原先程序投递，切记把修改的标题、摘要和回复信等内容进行修改。最后上传附件时，先将留下来且未修改的材料打钩，然后点击 next，再上传已经修改的材料，最后下载 pdf，查看无误后，即可投递。7. 校样：一般编辑部先寄出三个电子文档，包括 Query、Proofs、P-annotate，有时也可能伴有纸质文档校样，如 J pineal research。校样后通过 E-mail 寄出即可。8. 版权协议和利益冲突：一般首次投稿时就需要提供，但也有少数杂志是 Accepted 之后才需要提供。参考：查尔斯沃思论文润色小贴士

建议将稿件正文与图片合并于一个单独的pdf文档或Word文档

高分辨率的图片可以插入文章的合适位置或在文末处有序排列。

参考文献需要包含文章标题如果提供pdf，需要标出行号。提供Word文档则不必（投稿系统会自动标注）

还好，不是很难，我们发过很多的

通信专业发表论文