发布时间：
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TM 电工技术 1.中国电机工程学报；2.电网技术；3.电力系统自动化；4.高电压技术；5.电工技术学报；6.电工电能新技术；7.电力自动化设备；8.电力系统及其自动化学报；9.电池；10.电源技术； 11.电力系统保护与控制；12.电力电子技术；13.中国电力；14.高压电器；15.电机与控制学报；16.微特电机；17.磁性材料及器件；18.电气传动；19.华东电力；20.微电力；21.电化学；22.电瓷避雷器；23.电机与控制应用；24.华北电力大学学报（自然科学版）；25.现代电力；26.电气应用；27.绝缘材料；28.变压器；29.电测与仪表；30.大电机技术
投稿邮箱：,发表快，专业，能在万方数据库，龙源期刊网上收录。
《科技咨询》或《农村电气化》，想快的话，得花一定的费用，科技咨询快。
下面列出了电气工程专业的SCI期刊（按影响因子排序）1. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (2014 IF= 一区): 控制、仪表、电气（电机、电力电子、电力系统的设备，只要和电力电子沾上边的都可以）2. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2014 IF= 一区)：电力电子3. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2014 IF= 一区)：智能电网4. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (2014 IF= 一区)：同1（包括非技术领域）5. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy (2014 IF= 二区)：新能源（光伏、风力发电等）6. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2014 IF= 二区)：电力系统7. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion (2014 IF= 二区)：电气设备、器件、系统8. IET Renewable Power Generation (2014 IF= 三区)：新能源9. IEEE Transactions on Industry applications (2014 IF= 三区)：电气设备、器件、系统的工业应用10. Electric Power Systems Research (2014 IF= 三区)：电力系统11. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (2014 IF= 三区)：输配电和保护装置12. IET Power Electronics (2014 IF= 三区)：电力电子13. IEEE Power & Energy Magazine (2014 IF= 三区)：电力能源（包括非技术领域）14. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (2014 IF= 三区)：磁学相关（电机、变压器）15. IET Generation Transmission & Distribution (2014 IF= 三区)：输配电16. IEEE Transactions on ELectromagnetic Compatibility (2014 IF= 三区)：电磁兼容17. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (2014 IF= 三区)：电气绝缘18. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (2014 IF= 四区)：超导应用19. Progress in Electromagnetics Research-PIER (2014 IF= 四区)：电磁研究20. IET Electric Power Applications (2014 IF= 三区)：电机类技术21. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (2014 IF= 四区)：电磁场类（计算等）22. Journal of Power Electronics (2014 IF= 四区)：电力电子23. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems (2014 IF= 四区)：电力系统24. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine (2014 IF= 四区)：电气设备、器件、系统的工业应用（包括非技术领域）25. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (2014 IF= 四区)：电气工程
这方面的核心；
电 气 应用
电气 自动，化
制造业 自动化。
三个蛮不错的。
中国电机工程学报,电网技术,电力系统自动化,高电压技术，电工技术学报,电工电能新技术，电力自动化设备，电力系统及其自动化学报。
《中国电机工程学报》创刊于1964年，是由中国科学技术协会主管，中国电机工程学会主办的电力工业领域学术期刊。
学报主要刊登电力系统及其自动化、发电及动力工程、电工电机领域的新理论、新方法、新技术、新成果。
据2018年4月中国知网显示，《中国电机工程学报》总被下载7432106次，总被引446095次，（2017版）复合影响因子为、（2017版）综合影响因子为。根据2018年4月万方数据显示，《中国电机工程学报》2015年影响因子为，载文量为9976，被引量为296718，下载量为1128848。2015年影响因子排名为全部统计源期刊（6735种）第67名；电工技术（101种）第0名。
办刊历史
1964年，《中国电机工程学报》创刊。
2015年，《中国电机工程学报》由旬刊变更为半月刊，每月5、20日出版。
2014年，成为国家新闻出版广电总局第一批认定学术期刊。
2016年，《中国电机工程学报》总被引频次达19265次，在全国6000多种科技期刊中排名第二位。
以上内容参考——百度百科 中国电机工程学报
有很多，如下：1.中国电机工程学报2.电力系统自动化3.电工技术学报4.电网技术6.电源技术8.电工电能新技术9.中国电力10.继电器（改名为：电力系统保护与控制）11.电力自动化设备12.电力系统及其自动化学报13.电力电子技术17.电机与控制学报18.华北电力大学学报24.华东电力29.电气应用31.电测与仪表
评职称用吗可以提供帮助
电气工程及其自动化的核心期刊推荐部分：
1.电力系统及其自动化学报
《电力系统及其自动化学报》是天津大学主办的中国科技论文核心期刊，获Caj-cd规范获奖，综合影响因子为。电力系统及其自动化学报杂志刊登电力系统及其自动化领域的基础理论研究、重要设备研究开发方面的学术...
主管主办：中华人民共和国教育部 天津大学
快捷分类：电力电力工业 工程科技II
出版发行：天津 月刊 A4
期刊刊号：1003-8930, 12-1251/TM
创刊时间：1989 影响因子
审稿时间：1-3个月
期刊级别： CSCD核心期刊 北大核心期刊 统计源期刊
2.冶金自动化
冶金自动化是原国家科委批准、中国钢铁工业协会主管、冶金自动化研究设计院主办，冶金行业（包括钢铁和有色金属）唯一国内外公开发行的自动化技术应用科技刊物。冶金自动化期刊适合从事自动化科研、设计、生产、...
3.工矿自动化
《工矿自动化》杂志原名《煤矿自动化》，创刊于1973年，1978年公开发行，1982年由原煤炭工业部委托煤炭科学研究院常州自动化研究所(现煤炭科学研究总院常州自动化研究院)主办，2002年改名为《工矿自动化》，是国内...
4.电气自动化
《电气自动化》是上海电气自动化设计研究所有限公司与上海市自动化学会共同主办的统计源期刊，获全国中文核心期刊，综合影响因子为。电气自动化杂志刊载电气自动化方面的科学研究和应用技术论文。
5.电力系统自动化
《电力系统自动化》（半月刊）创刊于1977年，是由国网电力科学研究院主办的全国性专业技术期刊，是国际著名科学文献检索数据库——美国《工程索引》(EI)的核心期刊，被国内外11种著名文献数据库和文摘期刊收录。
1.中国电机工程学报 2.电工技术学报 3.电力系统自动化 4.电网技术 5.高电压技术 6.电池 7.电源技术 8.电化学 9.电工电能新技术 10.中国电力 11.高压电器 12.继电器 13.电力电子技术 14.变压器 15.电工技术杂志 16.电气传动 17.中小型电机 18.低压电器 19.电力自动化设备 20.蓄电池 21.微电机 22.微特电机 23.电机与控制学报 24.电力系统及其自动化学报 25.电气自动化 26.电测与仪表 27.大电机技术 28.华北电力大学学报 这些都还行。。。
杂志都是以论文形式发表的，
收录在很多收费的数据库里面。
如果想要的话，可以充一些钱然后进入数据库下载。
你也可以说说你想要哪种类型的论文，我了解的都可以给你说说看。
有很多，如下：1.中国电机工程学报2.电力系统自动化3.电工技术学报4.电网技术6.电源技术8.电工电能新技术9.中国电力10.继电器（改名为：电力系统保护与控制）11.电力自动化设备12.电力系统及其自动化学报13.电力电子技术17.电机与控制学报18.华北电力大学学报24.华东电力29.电气应用31.电测与仪表
评职称用吗可以提供帮助
能。电气工程与自动化杂志期刊是期刊的一个类型，经查询期刊资料显示，期刊在知网事能够检索的，可以搜索关键词进行精准检索。
科普性的，读者比较多的有《电世界》、《电气时代》，知识性和趣味性比较强。
电气自动化关注的方向不一样，主要的自动化装置和技术，以及学术论文之类的。希望对你有帮助。
随着我国的经济和科技的不断发展，电气技术也渐渐地被人们所关注。下面是由我整理的电气技术论文题目，谢谢你的阅读。 电气技术论文题目 1......浅议电气工程的质量控制和安全管理 2......浅议建筑电气工程防雷 3......浅议PLC在机床电气控制系统改造中的应用 4......机电安装工程电气施工关键工序控制与管理 5......浅议电气误操作事故的原因及对策 6......火力发电厂电气控制系统浅探 7......浅述母差保护基本原理 8......建筑电气工程电线管敷设的质量问题及防范 9......浅议高层民用建筑设计中给排水对电气专业提资要求 10.....浅议钳工一体化实习教学 11.....浅议220kV银湖变电站#2主变压器安装施工技术 12.....电气工程施工常见问题及处理 13.....新建黑龙江伊春林都机场防雷改造工程技术方案浅述 14.....浅议提高自备电厂机组利用小时的措施 15.....浅议某垃圾处理厂的电气与自控设计 16.....浅议我国大型水电机组的发展 17.....浅谈电气工程师的作用 18.....浅谈装修工程中电气施工质量控制要点 19.....电气工程及其自动化专业规范研究 20.....浅议变电站设备检修 21.....学习新《安规》的几点初浅体会 22.....电气工程的管理措施研究 23.....浅议汽轮机组的振动故障和处理、保护措施 24.....电气工程与自动化学院介绍(一) 25.....浅议继电保护装置改进后的运行 26.....浅淡10kV配电网建设与改造方案 27.....永磁电机制造关键工艺浅议 电气技术论文 浅谈电气施工技术 摘要：建筑工程的机电安装是施工工程的重要组成部分，并且贯穿于整个建筑工程施工的各个阶段当中。通过介绍电气工程的施工内容，阐述了各个分部公司的施工方法，重点说明了关键工序的主要细节及控制措施。 关键词：电气工程;施工技术;质量措施 在建筑工程当中，机电安装工程是关键的技术环节，其施工主要包括电气工程、空调和暖通工程、建筑消防工程、弱电工程等具体形式的施工。而这些具体的机电施工，都需要从施工的设备和技术材料的统筹、采购、安装、调试、试运行及竣工后的验收活动等几个步骤进行安排。而每个施工的环节，都会牵扯到技术和质量的有效控制。因此，建筑工程机电施工的整体质量，将直接影响到整个建筑工程的质量，对电气工程的施工技术进行总结，用于指导施工很有意义。 1 施工准备工作 在进行建筑工程机电安装施工工程之前，针对此工程施工对象的基本要求和特点，并根据需要，组织与工程有关的相关部门，并按照部门的设置为其选择部门的管理人员，然后根据图纸绘制的设计要求，派技术人员、管理人员进入施工现场进行工作的交接，并根据人员设置和工程的具体情况，进行施工场所的平面布置和平面规划，更有效的管理和监督施工的工作人员严格按照施工计划和施工图纸进行合理施工。 2 电气工程 电气工程技术特征 建筑工程电气工程施工一般包括高压变电系统、低压配电系统、后备供电系统、照明供电系统、消防控制系统设备、应急的出口指示供电系统、停车场等各个单位的强电供电系统和建筑智能控制、防雷接地等弱电系统。 在电气工程施工之前，需要做好一系列的准备工作，比如技术人员和管理人员分配问题、施工设备和施工材料的合理配置、施工图纸、设计和施工资料等方面。对结构造型及预埋管线完成线面标定，按照预先做好的电气专业管线图预留和预埋电气管线，利用专业的技术和工艺进行开线槽、桥架穿越楼板、剪力墙处开孔洞处理以及防雷设备的接地焊接。在土建中进行底板结构施工、电气工程在连接时，一般会采用镀锌的电线管丝扣进行连接，并在各个环节要严格按照建筑安装工艺技术的标准和要求要求进行安装工作。 在墙壁的内部暗敷管线，需要从楼板引上或引下，这是需要处理各种墙壁出现的问题。而在对墙壁进行砌体时，首先要保证终端线盒的定位满足图纸的设计要求，并按照相关规定和业主的要求进行相应操作。在完成砌体后，线盒的位置与尺寸将不能改正，所以砌体钱需要充分统筹，而且最好能一次性准确恰当的完成。接着，由于很多工程环节也会有打孔工作，所以需要作好建筑外部明显的标记，避免其他打孔活动会损坏管线。在安装电气的管线后需要进行整齐排列，管理对支架的牢固程度和管卡的均匀程度，注意线管的弯曲半径、电缆管的半径标准，而且要注意保护关口成喇叭形状，注意关口边缘的光滑程度。在电缆穿管之后 ，要进行密封。 3 电源电路 在建筑工程的施工过程当中，对于天花的布置和设计，首先应该充分地考虑到灯具所具有的的照明的效果。除了在设计上要符合使用者需要并注重其外观的美观大方外，在进行其相应的安装环节之前，首先应该合理布置和安排照明的灯具、风口、消防的喷头，并且灯具要坚持在风管的下面进行安装。对于一些具有特殊要求等方面的特殊灯具，需要进行密封处理，才能保证灯具功能的发挥。在线路问题上，一般采用镀锌钢管、防水线盒进行敷设。所有建筑场所的开关、插座、疏散等局的安装都需要符合设计高度并保持一致美观。 线路的检测和调试 电气工程在线路测试与调试包括 ：低压配电柜屏、动力设备、照明设备与控制设备的一、二次回路的各项电参数测试 ，有对地绝缘电阻、线路通断、控制器灵敏度调试及继电保护装置检测调试 ，各项检验与调试必须严格按设备安规与使用说明进行。 4 空调电气系统 鉴于暖通空调系统在机电安装施工中的重要性，除了在技术更新上实现节能降耗外，工程建设业主单位还必须加强多方面的综合管理，全面提升建筑电气工程施工的质量。结合自身的施工经验，现提出优化机电安装施工的综合策略。 优化设计。暖通空调系统是一项复杂性的机电结构，在安装之前必须做好多方面的设计评估，对机电设备的结构形式进行优化改进。设计阶段发现任何异常问题时，都必须对安装施工方案加以改进，这样才能为后期施工创造有利条件。暖通空调系统需对于每个器件的设计给予重视。 优化功能。施工单位要对建筑物本身质量实施优化处理，不断提高建筑自身的使用性能为机电安装施工带来便利。暖通空调节能效果的实现要借助于建筑内部功能的优化，这是现代暖通空调系统正常运行的保证。建筑功能优化可借助保温技术、节能技术等方面调整，这对于机电安装是很有利的。 优化产品。机电安装施工技术调整之后，工程建设业主单位必须严格把关机电设备的质量，对暖通空调设备采取严格的质量审核制度。如此一来，不仅能避免因设备质量问题而影响到机电装置的运行，还能防止暖通空调系统出现各种质量问题，保证了机电安装施工的有序开展。 5 弱电系统 弱电系统主要包含综合布线、计算机网络系统、数字有线电视系统、语音程控交换系统、安防系统、背景音乐 / 消防广播系统、多媒体会议系统、前台公共信息发布系统、防雷接地和 UPS 电源系统等建筑智能化系统以及消防自动警报的系统等。 随着科技的发展，业主对软垫系统的功能要求越来越细致和先进，所以，在进行配置的功能主机模块的选择当中中，要坚持选择技术成熟且先进的品牌产品为先导，在进行综合布线施工工作中，要注意线管材质，一般来说，选用 KBG类金属管子，并有效地做好接地防护工作，注意强电线管间的规范间距问题，这在很大程度上能有效地防止回路干扰的影响。 6 结语 综上所述，电气工程非常重要，需加强技术质量管理，重视施工技术的运用与总结，提高质量把控能力，重视施工工序，确保电气工程的整体质量。 参考文献： [1] 叶卫军.建筑工程机电安装施工技术管理浅析[J].科技传播，2011(2). [2] 小军.中小型水电站机电安装工程预埋阶段监理对质量的控制[M].水电站设计，2010(3). [3] 邓怀智，郗艳梅 .设备安装工程与土建工程的施工配合策略浅析[J]河北工程技术高等专科学校学报 [4]庄贤才，蔡蔚，魏晓斌，尧靖秋.浅谈建筑智能化系统工程督导管理[J].智能建筑.2008(4). 作者简介：张利勇()，男，身份证号码4107278，从事施工管理。 看了“电气技术论文题目”的人还看： 1. 电气专业论文范文 2. 电气工程前沿技术论文 3. 电气工程方面的论文 4. 电气自动化技术论文范文 5. 电子技术论文题目
用于分布式在线UPS中的并联逆变器的一种无线控制器A Wireless Controller for Parallel Inverters in Distributed Online UPS SystemsJosep M. Guerrero', Luis Garcia de Vicufia", Jose Matas'*, Jaume Miret", and Miguel Castilla". Departament #Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automatica i Informhtica Industrial. Universitat Polithica de CatalunyaC. Comte d'Urgell, -Barcelona. Spain. Email: .. Departament #Enginyeria Electrbnica. Universitat Polit6cnica de CatalunyaAV. Victor BaLguer s/n. 08800I - Vilanova i la Geltrh. SpainAbsiract - In this paper, a novel controller for parallelconnectedonline-UPS inverters without control wireinterconnections is presented. The wireless control technique isbased on the well-known droop method, which consists inintroducing P-oand Q-V schemes into the inverters, in order toshare properly the power drawn to the loads. The droop methodhas been widely used in applications of load sharing betweendifferent parallel-connected inverters. However, this methodhas several drawbacks that limited its application, such as atrade-off between output-voltage regulation and power sharingaccuracy, slow transient response, and frequency and phasedeviation. This last disadvantage makes impracticable themethod in online-UPS systems, since in this case every modulemust be in phase with the utility ac mains. To overcome theselimitations, we propose a novel control scheme, endowing to theparalleled-UPS system a proper transient response, strictlyfrequency and phase synchronization with the ac mains, andexcellent power sharing. Simulation and experimental resultsare reported confirming the validity of the proposed . INTRODUCTIONThe parallel operation of distributed Uninterruptible PowerSupplies (UPS) is presented as a suitable solution to supplycritical and sensitive loads, when high reliability and poweravailability are required. In the last years, many controlschemes for parallel-connected inverters has been raised,which are derived from parallel-schemes of dc-dc converters[I], such as the master-slave control [2], or the democraticcontrol [3]. In contrast, novel control schemes have beenappeared recently, such as the chain-structure control [4], orthe distributed control [ 5 ] . However, all these schemes needcontrol interconnections between modules and, hence, thereliability of the system is reduced since they can be a sourceof noise and failures. Moreover, these communication wireslimited the physical situation ofthe modules [6].In this sense, several control techniques has been proposedwithout control interconnections, such as the droop this method, the control loop achieves good power sharingmaking tight adjustments over the output voltage frequencyand amplitude of the inverter, with the objective tocompensate the active and reactive power unbalances [7].This concept is derived from the power system theory, inwhich the frequency of a generator drops when the powerdrawn to the utility line increases [8].0-7803-7906-3/03/$ 02003 IEEE. 1637However, this control approach has an inherent trade-offbetween voltage regulation and power sharing. In addition,this method exhibits slow dynamic-response, since it requireslow-pass filters to calculate the average value of the activeand reactive power. Hence, the stability and the dynamics ofthe whole system are hardly influenced by the characteristicsof these filters and by the value of the droop coefficients,which are bounded by the maximum allowed deviations ofthe output voltage amplitude and , when active power increases, the droopcharacteristic causes a frequency deviation from the nominalvalue and, consequently, it results in a variable phasedifference between the mains and the inverter output fact can be a problem when the bypass switch mustconnect the utility line directly to the critical bus in stead ofits phase difference. In [9], two possibilities are presented inorder to achieve phase synchronization for parallel lineinteractiveUPS systems. The first one is to locate a particularmodule near the bypass switch, which must to synchronizethe output voltage to the mains while supporting overloadcondition before switch on. The second possibility is to waitfor the instant when phase matching is produced to connectthe , the mentioned two folds cannot be applied to aparallel online-UPS system, since maximum transfer timeought to be less than a % of line period, and all the modulesmust be always synchronized with the mains when it ispresent. Hence, the modules should be prepared to transferdirectly the energy from the mains to the critical bus in caseof overload or failure [lo].In our previous works [11][12], we proposed differentcontrol schemes to overcome several limitations of theconventional droop method. However, these controllers bythemselves are inappropriate to apply to a parallel online-UPS system. In this paper, a novel wireless control scheme isproposed to parallel different online UPS modules with highperformance and restricted requirements. The controllerprovides: 1) proper transient response; 2) power sharingaccuracy; 3) stable frequency operation; and 4) good phasematching between the output-voltage and the utility , this new approach is especially suitable for paralleled-UPS systems with true redundancy, high reliability andpower availability. Simulation and experimental results arereported, confirming the validity of this control . 1. Equivalenl cimuif ofan invener connecled 10 a bust"Fig. 2. P-odraop . REVlEW OF THE CONVENTIONAL DROOP METHODFig. 1 shows the equivalent circuit of an inverter connectedto a common bus through coupled impedance. When thisimpedance is inductive, the active and reactive powers drawnto the load can be expressed asEVcosQ - V2 Q=where Xis the output reactance of an inverter; Q is the phaseangle between the output voltage of the inverter and thevoltage of the common bus; E and V are the amplitude of theoutput voltage of the inverter and the bus voltage, the above equations it can be derived that the activepower P is predominately dependent on the power angle Q,while the reactive power Q mostly depends on the outputvoltageamplitude. Consequently, most of wireless-control ofparalleled-inverters uses the conventional droop method,which introduces the following droops in the amplitude Eand the frequency U of the inverter output voltageu = w -mP (3)E = E ' - n Q , (4)being W* and E' the output voltage frequency and amplitudeat no load, respectively; m and n are the droop coefficientsfor the frequency and amplitude, , a coupled inductance is needed between theinverter output and the critical bus that fixes the outputimpedance, in order to ensure a proper power flow. However,it is bulky and increase:; the size and the cost of the UPSmodules. In addition, tho output voltage is highly distortedwhen supplying nonlinezr loads since the output impedanceis a pure is well known that if droop coefficients are increased,then good power sharing is achieved at the expense ofdegrading the voltage regulation (see Fig. 2).The inherent trade-off of this scheme restricts thementioned coefficients, which can be a serious limitation interms of transient response, power sharing accuracy, andsystem the other hand, lo carry out the droop functions,expressed by (3) and (4), it is necessary to calculate theaverage value over one line-cycle of the output active andreactive instantaneous power. This can be implemented bymeans of low pass filters with a smaller bandwidth than thatof the closed-loop inverter. Consequently, the powercalculation filters and droop coefficients determine, to a largeextent, the dynamics and the stability of the paralleledinvertersystem [ conclusion, the droop method has several intrinsicproblems to be applied a wireless paralleled-system ofonline UPS, which can he summed-up as follows:Static trade-off between the output-voltage regulation(frequency and amplitude) and the power-sharingaccuracy (active an4d reactive).2) Limited transient response. The system dynamicsdepends on the power-calculation filter characteristics,the droop coefficients, and the output of ac mains synchronization. The frequency andphase deviations, due to the frequency droop, makeimpracticable this method to a parallel-connectedonline UPS system, in which every UPS should becontinuously synchronized to the public ac )3)111. PROPOSED CONTROL FOR PARALLEL ONLINE UPSINVERTERSIn this work, we will try to overcome the above limitationsand to synthesize a novel control strategy withoutcommunication wires that could be appropriate to highperformanceparalleled industrial UPS. The objective is toconnect online UPS inverters in parallel without usingcontrol interconnections. This kind of systems, also namedinverter-preferred, should be continuously synchronized tothe utility line. When an overload or an inverter failureoccurs, a static bypass switch may connect the input line tothe load, bypassing the inve:rter [14][15].Fig. 3 shows the general diagram of a distributed onlineUPS system. This system consists of two buses: the utilitybus, which is connected lo the public ac mains; and thesecure bus, connected to the distributed critical loads. Theinterface between these buses is based on a number of onlineUPS modules connected in parallel, which providescontinuously power to the: loads [16]. The UPS modulesinclude a rectifier, a set of batteries, an inverter, and a staticbypass ac mainsutility busI I Ij distributed loads !Fig. 3. Online distributed UPS /I 4(4Fig. 4. Operation modes of an online UPS.(a) Normal operation. (b) Bypass operation. (c) Mains failureThe main operation modes of a distributed online UPS1) Normal operation: The power flows to the load, fromthe utility through the distributed UPS ) Mains failure: When the public ac mains fails, theUPS inverters supply the power to the loads, from thebatteries, without operation: When an overload situation occurs,the bypass switch must connect the critical busdirectly to the ac mains, in order to guarantee thecontinuous supply of the loads, avoiding the damageof the UPS this reason, the output-voltage waveform should besynchronized to the mains, when this last is are listed below (see Fig. 5):3)Nevertheless, as we state before, the conventional droopmethod can not satisfy the need for synchronization with theutility, due to the frequency variation of the inverters, whichprovokes a phase obtain the required performance, we present a transientP-w droop without frequency-deviation in steady-state,proposed previously by OUT in [ 111w=o -mP (5)where is the active power signal without the dccomponent,which is done by. -I t -1sP= p ,( s + t - ' ) ( s + o , )being zthe time constant of the transient droop transient droop function ensures a stable frequencyregulation under steady-state conditions, and 'at the sametime, achieves active power balance by adjusting thefrequency of the modules during a load transient. Besides, toadjust the phase of the modules we propose an additionalsynchronizing loop, yieldingo=w'-m%k,A$, (7)where A$ is the phase difference between the inverter and themains; and k, is the proportional constant of the frequencyadjust. The steady-state frequency reference w* can beobtained by measuring the utility line second term of the previous equality trends to zero insteady state, leading tow = w' - k4($ -@'), (8)being $and $* the phase angles of the output voltage inverterand the utility mains, into account that w = d $ / d t , we can obtain thenext differential equation, which is stable fork, positived$ *dt dt- + km$ = - + k,$' . (9)Thus, when phase difference increases, frequency willdecrease slightly and, hence, all :he UPS modules will besynchronized with the utility, while sharing the power drawnto the . CONTROLLIEMRP LEMENTATIONFig. 5 depicts the block diagram of the proposedcontroller. The average active power P , without the dccomponent, can be obtained by means of multiplying theoutput voltage by the output current, and filtering the product........................................................................................io",.LSj'nchronirorion loop.......................................................................................Fig. 5. Block diagram of the proposed a band-pass filter. In a similar way, the averagereactive power is obtained, hut in this case the output-voltagemust be delayed 90 degrees, and using a low-pass order to adjust the output voltage frequency, equation(7) is implemented, which corresponds to the frequencymains drooped by two transient-terms: the transient activepower signal term; and the phase difference term, whichis added in order to synchronize the output voltage with theac mains, in a phase-locked loop (PLL) fashion. The outputvoltageamplitude is regulated by using the conventionaldroop method (4).Finally, the physical coupled inductance can be avoided byusing a virtual inductor [17]. This concept consists inemulated an inductance behavior, by drooping the outputvoltage proportionally to the time derivative of the outputcurrent. However, when supplying nonlinear loads, the highordercurrent-harmonics can increase too much the outputvoltageTHD. This can be easily solved by using a high-passfilter instead of a pure-derivative term of the output current,which is useful to share linear and nonlinear loads [I 1][12].Furthermore, the proper design of this output inductance canreduce, to a large extent, the unbalance line-impedanceimpact over the power sharing . SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTARELS ULTSThe proposed control scheme, (4) and (7), was simulatedwith the parameters listed in Table 1 and the scheme shownin Fig. 6, for a two paralleled inverters system. Thecoefficients m, n, T, and kv were chosen to ensure stability,proper transient response and good phase matching. Fig. 7shows the waveforms of the frequency, circulating currents,phase difference between the modules and the utility line,and the evolution of the active and reactive powers. Note theexcellent synchronization between the modules and theACmiiinr 4 j. ...L...... ..........................B...u...n...... ................................... iFig. 6. Parallel operation oftwa online UPS modules,mains, and, at the same time, the good power sharingobtained. This characteristik let us to apply the controller tothe online UPS paralleled I-kVA UPS modules were built and tested in order toshow the validity of the proposed approach. Each UPSinverter consisted of a single-phase IGBT full-bridge with aswitching frequency of 20 kHz and an LC output filter, withthe following parameters: 1. = 1 mH, C = 20 WF, Vi" = 400V,v, = 220 V, I50 Hz. The controllers of these inverters werebased on three loops: an inner current-loop, an outer PIcontroller that ensures voltage regulation, and the loadsharingcontroller, based on (4) and (7). The last controllerwas implemented by means of a TMS320LF2407A, fixedpoint40 MHz digital sigrial processor (DSP) from TexasInstruments (see Fig. 8), using the parameters listed in TableI. The DSP-controller also includes a PLL block in order tosynchronize the inverter with the common bus. When thisoccurs, the static bypass switch is tumed on, and the droopbasedcontrol is 7 Wa\cfc)rms for , ;mnectcd in parallel. rpchrontred io Ihc ac mdnl.(a) Frequencics ufhoth UPS (b) Clrculattng currcni among modulcs. (CJ Phmc d!Nercn;: betucen ihc UPS a#>dth e ai mum(d) Ikiril uf the phze diNmncc (e) md (0 Activc and rcactlw pouerr "I ooih UPSNote that the iimc-acs arc deliheratcly JiNercni due in thc disiinct timuion*uni) ofthe \ THE PARALLELESDYS Order I IFilter Cut-off Frequency I 0, I 10 I ragsFig. 8 shows the output-current transient response of theUPS inverters. First, the two UPS are operating in parallelwithout load. Notice that a small reactive current is circlingbetween the modules, due to the measurement , a nonlinear load, with a crest factor of 3, is connectedsuddenly. This result shows the good dynamics and loadsharingof the paralleled system when sharing a . 8. Output current for the two paralleled UPS, during the connection of Bcommon nonlinear load with a crest factor of 3. (Axis-x: 20 mddiv. Axis-y:5 Mdiv.).VI. CONCLUSIONSIn this paper, a novel load-sharing controller for parallelconnectedonline UPS systems, was proposed. The controlleris based on the droop method, which avoids the use ofcontrol interconnections. In a sharp contrast with theconventional droop method, the controller presented is ableto keep the output-voltage frequency and phase strictlysynchronized with the utility ac mains, while maintaininggood load sharing for linear and nonlinear loads. This fact letus to extend the droop method to paralleled online the other hand, the proposed controller emulates aspecial kind of impedance, avoiding the use of a physicalcoupled inductance. results reported here show theeffectiveness of the proposed approach.
电气工程：1Electrical Engineering My decision to pursue graduate study in the United States is underscored by my desire to be a part of the graduate program at your institution. Purdue University offers the flexibility needed for such a vast and rapidly changing field. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are par excellent. Communications is an industry that has changed our lives. In a very short period it has changed the way we have looked at things since centuries. It is one industry that is going to shape our future for centuries to come. Hence my desire to do masters in electrical engineering with communications as my major. My interest in electronics blossomed during my high school years. It was the time when technology had begun to make an impact on the lives of people in India. Hence engineering with electronics as my major was the first choice for my undergraduate studies. Right since the beginning of my undergraduate study electronics is a subject that has fascinated me with its power of applications. The subjects that I have studied include Linear Electronics, Digital Electronics. These laid the foundation for my courses in Electronic Communication & Communication Systems at a later stage. My undergraduate studies already focus on the communications aspect of electronics. A masters degree in electrical engineering with communications as major field is the next logical step. For the past four months I have been working as a project trainee at the Indian Institute for Advanced Electronics. I am working on the design and development of a "PC Controlled Digital Serial Data Generator". This short stint has given me invaluable practical experience. It has given me the confidence to pursue a masters degree and also kindled a desire to do research. During the course of my work at IIAE, I have come across several scientists. Most of them work in different areas of communications. Interactions with them have made me realize the vastness and the scope of communications. My discussions with them convinced me that specializing in communications will suit me very well. The subject of research which interests me very much is spread spectrum communication systems. Coding theory and combinations is another research subject which arouses my curiosity. The subject Communication Theory which I am studying at present introduces these topics in theory. I am eager to find out more about the applications of coding theory to spread spectrum communication systems. In addition I have been a student member of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) for the past three years. Through its workshops/seminars and publications like the 'The Spectrum' it has exposed me to a lot of emerging technologies in the field of communications. It is a strong belief in my family that the American education system has the best to offer in the whole world. This belief arises out of the experience that my parents had when they did their Masters of Science in the University of Pennsylvania during the years 1967-69. If I can get an opportunity to be a part of that intellectually stimulating environment, I am sure my talents will be put to optimal use. India is a developing country with an enormous potential in the information technology business. To serve the needs of this developing industry and more important its vast population, communications is going to become of utmost importance. Thus conditions here are very conducive to supplement my aspirations when I return after completing my graduate studies. 2Electrical Engineering As a graduate student, I will undertake research and coursework in Electrical Engineering to enhance my competencies in this field. I intend to complete my master's degree in order to pursue my doctorate. The research that I am most interested in pursuing at Northeastern University surrounds the optical properties of MEMS devices, and the development of substrate-based fast electro-optical interfaces. My interest in this area stems from my undergraduate study in MEMs development for tri-axial accelerometers. Engineering has been a key interest of mine since childhood. While still in grade school I enjoyed listening to my father, an electrical engineer, teach me about advances in technology, and was always eager to hear more. I was introduced to my first computer at the age of five, and have loved interacting with them ever since. My decision to study engineering as a career was no surprise to those who knew me. In college I found that I was always studying something I enjoyed. I believe it is because I enjoy my life and my work that I have been successful. Spending hours in the laboratory is not something that I dread, but instead I take pride in my work and its successful completion. One example of this that is still fresh in my mind is the successful design of a fully functional microprocessor in the Xilinx environment. All told, the project took over 150 hours of each design-team member's time. However, I did not look on it as a drain, but an experience for learning and a focus for my professional and technical development. When we finished the project we felt the sense of worth and pride in completion of a task that was once above our level of knowledge. Pursuing a graduate degree in the research field I have chosen also feels like a challenge, and I know that study will frustrate me at times. However, I feel that my commitment to learning will not be swayed. I feel confident in my ability to be creative in my perspective, and to persevere. My ultimate goal is to be an innovator in the field I have chosen to study. Professionalism and creativity are my most valued strengths. At the heart of my interest is the advancement of man in concert with his environment. My personal philosophy of life will matter greatly during my study and after its completion. That is why I devote time to reflection on my goals and their implications. Money has never been a motivator for my work, nor do I think it will be in the future. However, as a professional and a graduate, I realize that my earning potential will be significant. That is why I also commit myself to charity and fairness. In the past I have been a member of the Boy Scouts of America, and have achieved the rank of Eagle Scout. In the course of my experience in that organization, I learned respect and moral value. Now, as a member of the IEEE, I value my professional standing and its commensurate moral implications. Ethics in engineering is as important as technical skill, and as such I intend to uphold my own ethical obligations to the best of my ability. As a Northeastern University student, I would commit all that I have to offer to my study. I intend to pursue research in MEMS technology. At Rowan University as an undergraduate student I have already conducted some research and development of MEMS sensors for military applications, resulting in publication. An article, written by myself and my project member David Bowen and edited by our advisor Dr. Robert Krchnavek, was published in the NAVSEA Intelligent Ships Symposium Proceedings of 2001. The paper was titled "Designing a 3-Axis, Monolithic, MEMS-Based Accelerometer" and was under review for endorsement by the US Navy's NAVSEA facility in Philadelphia during that year. Building on my past success in MEMs design, I hope to advance my understanding. Through research at the graduate level, it is my hope to become familiar with, and innovate the design of MEMs Optics in hopes of creating a reliable and practical MEMs Electro-Optical Interface for use in consumer electronics. It is my hope, that through my research, optical waveguides for intradevice communication might be realized. Finally, my intent to pursue graduate study is laid plain. Study of MEMs optics is my intended focus, and I am committed to my goal. In pursuing a doctoral degree, I have closely analyzed myself to determine the reasons for my previous successes and my goals for the future. I have found that I do and have always enjoyed engineering, and that I have a strong desire to pursue my study further. I am prepared to commit myself to that study, and achieve what I have set out to do. 3I Wish to Pursue an MS Degree in Electrical Engineering During my senior year at Purdue University, I made a decision that has impacted the entire course of my education. While my classmates were making definite decisions about their career paths, I chose to implement a five-year plan of development and growth for myself. I designed this plan in order to examine various careers that I thought might interest me, as well as to expand upon my abilities at the time. As I was attaining a BS degree in Electrical Engineering, I decided to focus primarily on fields related to the VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integrated) circuits area. My main goals were either to gain work experience or to further my education by pursuing an MS degree in Electrical Engineering (MSEE). I saw an opportunity to both work and learn through employment at Xilinx Inc. Operating as a product engineer at a successful, high-tech semiconductor company has enabled me to utilize my technical and interpersonal skills in new and challenging ways. The position has also allowed me to interact with a multitude of departments including marketing, integrated circuit (IC) design, software/CAD development, manufacturing, reliability, accounting, and sales. I thus have gained an array of experience that extended beyond the parameters of my own responsibilities. In the workplace, I rely heavily upon the interpersonal techniques I developed as a counselor in a Purdue residence hall, as well as the organizational skills I had acquired through holding various leadership positions in cultural and engineering societies. I have also cultivated an interest in high-technology marketing that has continued to grow throughout my career. My experiences with Xilinx have heightened my hunger for knowledge in the VLSI field. Two months after joining the corporation, I applied to several part-time programs in the vicinity that would allow me to acquire an MSEE degree within two to three years. San Jose State seemed an ideal choice, for its evening MSEE courses would allow me to pursue two independent, full-time positions concurrently. The San Jose program has complimented my Xilinx duties well; both demand large levels of energy and enthusiasm while guiding me to my ultimate goal a high degree of education in VLSI sciences. The resources that I poured into both endeavors have reaped many gains. I have been promoted to a Product-Yield Engineering position within Xilinx's Coarse Grain Static Memory (CGSM) Product Engineering division. My extensive coursework plays a key role in my continued success at Xilinx. Relevant classes in advanced digital and analog VLSI design, as well as sub-micron ULSI technology, have allowed me to understand more completely the workings of Xilinx, a fab-less semiconductor company that also functions as a software and hardware design, testing, and marketing center. The gains in knowledge I have made through the combination of work experience and education have indeed been exponential. The academic records of my senior year at Purdue, coupled with my MSEE coursework, are ample proof of my dedication to learning. I feel I have overcome through hard work and dedication the brief "dry phase" I underwent at Purdue during the close of my sophomore and the first semester of my junior years. My performance at that time is in no way indicative of my usual achievements; they are instead the result of urgent family difficulties that required much foreign travel and serious attention to resolve. In May, I shall graduate with an MSEE degree from San Jose well ahead of my original estimates. This early graduation with Dean's Honors is the result of my firm belief in the value of diligence, as well as my renewed determination to strive for perfection in both work and school. I am now embarking on another five-year plan, during which I hope to fulfill several specific career goals. For instance, being part of a very dynamic and results-oriented Yield team at Xilinx calls for continuous development of computational and statistical techniques. The Yield team is divided to focus on specific process/fabrication issues and process (manufacturing) optimization. My own position is an integral part of the optimization group. Speed and cost issues continue to press high technology atmospheres towards optimization, probability and stochastic processes and systems, and rigorous simulations of mathematical models. The MS in EES&OR offered at your university will grant me the statistical knowledge that is crucial for process and production optimization in a fab-less environment. In addition, product engineering requires fundamental research on mathematical models for linear and non-linear programming, as well as the utilization of efficient computer software. I continuously employ the knowledge I gained at Purdue in Operations Research and advanced mathematics courses. Yet despite the value of these classes and my high performance in them, I now require further education to best fulfill my duties. An MS in the EES&OR field, will give me knowledge that is invaluable to a career in product development, project management and strategic planning. The program will allow me to improve decision-making skills in operations, strategy, and policy issues. I will strengthen my theory and application in countless areas:continuous, discrete, numerical optimization; probabilistic and stochastic processes; dynamic systems and simulation; economics, finance, and investment; decision analysis; dynamic programming and planning under uncertainty; operations and service; corporate and individual strategy; and private and public policy , the EES&OR program will not only help me to excel at Xilinx but will also further any future career. My commitment to work and education over the last three years proves that I will pursue this MS with enthusiasm and technical edge that the MS would provide is I will be working while attending Stanford, I shall mingle education with practical application, and bring to the table interesting problems from my experience and past education. Technical challenges encountered through projects in the EES&OR program will provide motivation and opportunity for methodological data collection, processing and presentation issues presented are integral to my future goals, and the management challenges raised will provide invaluable experience for professional practice. This will in turn build a solid foundation for a life-long career that can overcome any problem in decision-making. In addition, taking courses in economics, finance, and investment analysis will allow much growth of knowledge in investment issues in different industries. The EES&OR program thus appeals not only to my engineering, economics, science and mathematical background, but will compliment my technical abilities with the conceptual frameworks needed to analyze problems in operations, production, strategic planning, and marketing in the realm of emiconductor/IC/engineering systems. I feel that I am prepared to meet the challenges of the curriculum. My coursework in intermediate microeconomics and macroeconomics, international trade, operations research, linear algebra, and probabilistic methods, along with my extensive calculus background, will allow me to function well within the program. My long-term career goals include a move into marketing and product management. I believe that attaining this MS degree is the cornerstone to achieving my goals. It will give me the academic background necessary to succeed in product development, project management, and strategic planning. It will improve decision-making skills necessary for optimizing performance. The integration of two excellent programs in Economics Systems and Operations Research thus suits my current position and ties in with future goals perfectly by improving decision making in operations, strategy and policy. At present I desire to continue at Xilinx; attending a program that provides the flexibility and convenience of the SITN, is therefore imperative. Hence, being at Stanford as an HCP student alsoattracts me. I believe that Stanford is the best environment for me to achieve my goals while gaining exposure to and experience with a diverse student body and faculty. It is my belief that one continues to learn throughout one's life, and the most effective method of learning is through interaction with 's diversity offers an environment for learning, both inside and outside the classroom. I hope to share my varied knowledge with my classmates and to take from them a new understanding of topics that are foreign to me. I believe that no other school provides students with the combination of education and environment offered by Stanford. Its outstanding academic reputation, mingled with its diverse environment and thriving Bay Area location, creates an opportunity for growth that is second to none. I have many ambitions for myself as I embark on this stage of my life. I believe that an education from Stanford will provide invaluable experiences and skills that will allow me to become a successful and innovative business leader in the new millennium. 4Research Department of Biomedical Engineering is designed to research on and solve the bio-electrical and biomagnetic engineering problems in the field of biology and medicine with the aid of engineering principles and methods. Its main task is to explain, from perspective view of engineering, the biological and pathologic processes of the living organisms, especially human beings, and research on and develop the related medical devices and life science devices. Its research directions mainly include the modeling and emulation of the biological system, testing and analysis of biomedical signals, the biomedical imaging and processing , the biological effects of electromagnetic field and the development of artificial organs and medical devices, Bioengineering With the development and integration of electromagnetism, biology and medicine, biological electromagnetism exercises more and more influence on human life and health, environment protection and biological engineering. The research on electromagnetic bioengineering is a new research direction for IEECAS, mainly including research on rules of mutual influence between electromagnetic field and life matter, biological electromagnetic effect and its application in biology, medicine and medical equipment. At present, the research team has set up labs such as biological electromagnetic environment lab, biological electromagnetic signals & electromagnetic property testing lab, electromagnetic biological effect testing lab and biological electromagnetic simulation lab. It is equipped with various electrical and magnetic fields for experiments of biological electromagnetic effects, simulation software and biochemical experiment equipment. With such equipments, it can do biological electromagnetic experiments on live animals and detached live cells, detect, analyze and process the very weak biological electromagnetic signals, analyze and test live organism or detached cell under electromagnetic interaction with biochemical quantitative methods. The recent research work focuses on the effects 方向对不对，不知你要哪种，告诉我，我再接着找多的话email you
什么意思？要英文的？题目要汉语翻译？