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能不能把你的提纲发给我看看。。。。我现在没有头绪啊。。。。谢谢
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【摘要】 弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德(1986-1940)是二十世纪二十年代美国杰出的小说家之一,也是爵士乐时代重要的代表人物。兼为爵士乐时代的局内人和局外人,菲茨杰拉德尽情享受了这一时代的物质财富、放荡生活和各色诱惑,同时又洞察到这个社会的腐朽本质,冷眼旁观其同时代人的生活。《了不起的盖茨比》虽然被认为是二十世纪英语名著之一,但是它起初并不引人注目。出版初期的销售量和报刊评论都不是很理想。直到三十年代,尤其是菲茨杰拉德死后,其销售量才开始稳步上升。如今,它每年的销售量都有近百万册,同时也激发了大量的关于菲茨杰拉德和《了不起的盖茨比》这部小说的理论研究和讨论,甚至连续有三个不同的《了不起的盖茨比》电影版本出现。说到这部小说的强烈而持久的吸引力,一些评论家认为是来自菲茨杰拉德超群的小说描写技艺使然,而另一些评论家则从历史文化角度探讨其长久不衰的魅力。本论文试图从一个更新的文学理论和历史文化研究角度——新历史主义角度来研究《了不起的盖茨比》这部美国文学著作。本论文写作分为如下几个部分：首先在引言部分,论文简要介绍了作家菲茨杰拉德和作品《了不起的盖茨比》,并探讨了这部小说的国内外研究趋势和基本状况。在第一章至第三章的论文主体部分,论文按照“理论-文本分析”的结构,从新历史主义理论出发,根据新历史主义的两大核心概念——历史的文本性和文本的历史性,对《了不起的盖茨比》作了详细的解读。第一章首先简述了新历史主义这一理论框架及其背景,为接下来的文本分析做理论准备。本章还就这一理论的发展背景,以及新旧历史主义中“历史”的不同内涵进行了比较研究。本章最后讨论了新历史主义的两位主要代表：一位是该文学理论的创始人史蒂芬·格林布拉特,另一位是提出新历史主义核心概念(历史的文本性和文本的历史性)的路易丝·阿德安·蒙特罗斯。第二章在历史的文本性这一理论概念引导下,探索这部小说中的真实历史事件,并阐释了这些历史事件背后的深层含义。新历史主义理论认为文本记录了历史,并成为我们了解过去的一个窗口,但是由于每个历史记录者兴趣、意识形态和认知力不同,文学文本又不可避免的掺杂了主观性。本章写作选取了其中两件历史事件,并根据新历史主义理论解读这背后的意义：一是富勒-麦吉案件,它揭露了神秘财富的来源,并牵扯出了一个涉及多领域的庞大腐败网络；二是菲茨杰拉德与金妮维亚之见的爱情故事,展现了那个时代的人们是如何以追求金钱及物质享受作为人生目标而导致的悲剧结局的。论文第三章从文本的历史性这一角度出发,探究了《了不起的盖茨比》这部作品的外部因素,以及它对社会和历史的发展所产生的影响。新历史主义认为,文学文本会受到社会历史背景以及作者性格、意识形态和道德规范的影响,同时文本也有塑造历史的力量。论文指出,二十世纪二十年代,社会经历了迅速的变化,菲茨杰拉德的特殊家庭背景也在他身上留下的印记,在文学创作方面,他受到了艾略特、斯宾格勒等作家的影响。这些特点在《了不起的盖茨比》中有所体现,作为二十世纪二十年代的一部伟大作品,《了不起的盖茨比》对社会发展也产生了深刻的影响。论文的最后结论部分整体回顾了这篇论文,并重点介绍了论文的现实意义和写作价值。根据新历史主义理论,文学研究和批评不仅会受到文本创作的社会历史背景的影响,还会受到文学研究评论的社会历史背景的影响。因此,新历史主义鼓励不同时代背景下的持续性文学研究。当今中国社会在某些方面与爵士乐时代十分相似。作为一种理论研究方法,新历史主义提供了一个独特的研究历史与文本关系的视角。因此,本论文试图从新历史主义角度分析《了不起的盖茨比》,旨在以作品主人翁错误的人生追求导致的人生悲剧的教训警示世人,帮助人们树立正确的人生观价值观。
【关键词】 菲茨杰拉德； 新历史主义； 《了不起的盖茨比》； 爵士乐时代
Daisy钟爱的白色象征什么？Gateby钟爱的绿色象征什么？ashvalley的背景颜色象征什么？
探讨盖茨比的成功与失败An Analysis of Gatsby’s Success and FailureAn Analysis of Gatsby’s Success and FailureSummary: Why Gatsby failed to achieve Daisy? To some extent, it may be a tragedy of society and Jay Gatsby’s fault. He was born and grew up in an era of decayed social and moral value. Further more, he can’t know himself and others distinctlyJay Gatsby was born in rural north Dakota and spent his childhood there. Because he grew up in the rural area,as usual he could bear trouble and difficulty in his life. But he was not of that kind of poor children. From his early youth, Gatsby despised poverty and longed for wealth and sophistication. He dropped out of College after two weeks, Because he couldn’t bear the tiring and difficult job with which he was paying his tuition. He was hunger for wealth ,but he just had the desire which didn’t year after he dropped out, he worked on Lake Superior fishing for salmon and digging for clams. One day, he saw a yacht owned by Dan Cody who was a wealthy copper mogul and rowed out to warn him about a coming storm. The grateful Cody took young Gtz, who gave his name as Jay Gatsby. On board, Gatsby worked as Cody’s personal assistant. Traveling with Cody to the Barbary Coast and the West. At that time ,Gatsby fell love with wealth and luxury. When Cody died, he left Gatsby $25,000. But Cody’s mistress prevented him from claiming his inheritance. Gatsby then dedicated himself to becoming a wealthy and successful man. At the same time ,he had gained the skills of making money which was vital to his success, However, his poor background and exorbitant desire for wealth and success were obstacles to World War I ,the generation of young Americans who had fought the war became intensely disillusioned, as the brutal carnage that had just faced made the Victorian social morality of early-twentieth-century America like stuffy. The dizzying rise of the social market in the aftermath of the war led to a sudden, sustained increase in the national wealth and a newfound materialism, as people began to spend and consume at unprecedented levels. A person from any social background could, Potentially, make a fortune, but the American aristocracy-families with old wealth-scorned the newly rich industrialists and speculators. Additionally, the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919,which banned the sale of alcohol, created a thriving underworld designed to satisfy the massive demand of bootleg liquor among rich and poor alike. The ban was both opportunity and challenge to Gatsby, He could make money through illegal way, Of course, he could make money through legal way with his intelligence. Unfortunately, he was influenced by the society, the way he chose was illegal which coursed his failure, because it was impossible for him to step on the ranking society which was what Daisy first, he couldn’t know himself completely. He lacked of self-confidence, he changed his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby. He held every Saturday night Party to show his wealth, he lied to Daisy about his own background. He didn’t believe in himself. However, he had enough faith in his beautiful dream, which made him seem confident. He was just like a religious man, he believed in future not now and himself. He could make so much money, which proved that he is a man of great ability and capacity, he could be an successful man and achieve Daisy’s love, because he is great. But he did realize this. He also didn’t know Daisy well, Daisy is a beautiful young woman from Louisville , Kentucky. Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby, but in 1919 she chose instead to marry Tom Buchanan ,a young man from a solid , aristocratic family who could promise her a wealthy lifestyle and who had the support of her parents, from the novel , Daisy was a woman who couldn’t bear lonesome and loneness. She betrayed Gatsby, the love between Gatsby and Daisy couldn’t be tested by Gatsby, Daisy represents the paragon of perfection –she has the aura of charm, wealth, so sophistication, grace, and aristocracy that he longed for as a child in North Dakota and that attracted him to her. In reality, She is beautiful and charming , but also fickle, shallow, bored, and sardonic. She was even indifferent to her own infant daughter. She said “I hope she’ll be a fool-that’s best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” Daisy wasn’t worthwhile to love, Gatsby didn’t know what Daisy wanted most, Daisy wanted social position which wealthy Gatsby couldn’t up is a kind of beauty and happiness which Gatsby couldn’t understand, he just look at one goal firmly ignoring too many beauties, he didn’t know the value of life, What he wanted might destroy the family of Tom and Daisy, which is not fair to Daisy’s Gatsby’s experience, Gatsby is a successful man. In the end, he is a failure. We had some idea on how to achieve success. There is a Chinese motto that to know yourself and your enemy is the key success. Maybe this is the best conclusion and for Gatsby’s tragedy.
1．引言 《了不起的盖茨比》（The Great Gatsby）是美国二十年代著名小说家司各特·菲茨杰拉德（Scott Fitzgerald，1896-1940）的杰作，它以完美的艺术形式向读者诉说了一场美国梦的破灭。这篇小说从内容来说不过讲述了一个“负心女子痴心汉”的故事，但是它给读者造成的感染力决不止爱情的失落。从小说的字里行间中，读者能感受到一种“距离感”，那就是：一切美好的事物都是海市蜃楼，美国梦仅仅是个虚无飘渺的空中楼阁。本文依据文体学的有关理论，从小说的语言特征出发，试图发掘《了不起的盖茨比》怎样达到这种优美而悲伤的文体效果。 2．功能语言学在小说中的应用 利奇（Leech, Geoffrey）和肖特（Short, Michael）在他们的著作《小说的文体》（Style in Fiction, 1981：174）中根据功能语言学的理论从三方面对小说文体进行分析：描写角度（point of view），叙述顺序（fictional sequencing）和描写焦点（descriptive focus）。这三方面分别与韩礼德所提出的语言的三个“元功能”——人际功能，语篇功能和概念功能相对应。 描写角度是指一篇文学作品中叙述者对叙述事件的态度或意见。作者可以第一人称“我”的角度进行叙述，也可从小说中某一人物的角度入手，或者以一个第三者的身份来叙述。在《了不起的盖茨比》这部作品中，作者创造了一个名叫尼克·卡罗威（Nick Carraway）的人物，把他作为整个故事的叙述者，同时他又参与和目睹了故事的发生、过程和结束。这一双重的描写角度拉大了读者与盖茨比这个故事的距离，无形中给整篇小说造成了一种深沉幽怨的氛围。以下两段分别取自不同的描写角度： (1) When I came back from the East last autumn I felt that I wanted the world to be in uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever; I wanted no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart. Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction—Gatsby, who represented every thing for which I have an unaffected scorn. If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. … ( P2-3, The Great Gatsby, 上海译文出版社, 1994 ) (2) I decided to call to him. Miss Baker had mentioned him at dinner and that would do for an introduction. But I didn’t call to him, for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone—he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. …( P34, 同上)
有错【美】菲茨杰拉德著 巫宁坤译 了不起的盖茨比[M].上海译文出版社，2009.页码
研究内容为起到了暗示人物的本性、反映时代的特征、深化和丰富小说的主题意义的重要作用。
《了不起的盖茨比》中的讲述人尼克是相对于作家菲茨杰拉德所塑造的读者喜欢的那种叙述人，也是一个“个人化的”，“自叙述的”叙述人，因为他不仅在故事之内，而且还担任主要角色。不仅如此，这个个性化的叙述人是作家本人的声音，同时也是叙述人尼克向读者讲述的声音。
小说文笔优美，得益于比喻、拟人化等修辞手法的运用，而且不落俗套。尼克还同时身兼“局外异叙述的”题述人，因为在某种程度上他不在自己叙述的故事之中。小说中象征意象种类繁多，最为突出的当为色彩以及与特定色彩相关的器物和自然事物所形成的象征意象，起到了暗示人物的本性、反映时代的特征、深化和丰富小说的主题意义的重要作用。
扩展资料：
了不起的盖茨比的相关内容：
1、在美国梦的物质梦想实现以后，究竟应该如想的精神梦想，其内涵究竟应该包含一些什么样的原则。没有一个社会能够仅仅依靠高水平的物质生活去长期维持人们的生活意义和兴趣，人究竟要过的是精神生活，只有精神生活才是具有无限丰富发展的空间。
2、盖茨比编造自己的过去就体现了这种自卑感，这使得他们只能在上流社会中寻找自己心理上的归属。而这种自卑感令他们永远难以摆脱从祖辈继承下来的肤色、方言、口音、习惯、风俗、生活方式和行为举止，给他们带来种种的不适。
参考资料来源：百度百科-了不起的盖茨比
【摘要】 弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德(1986-1940)是二十世纪二十年代美国杰出的小说家之一,也是爵士乐时代重要的代表人物。兼为爵士乐时代的局内人和局外人,菲茨杰拉德尽情享受了这一时代的物质财富、放荡生活和各色诱惑,同时又洞察到这个社会的腐朽本质,冷眼旁观其同时代人的生活。《了不起的盖茨比》虽然被认为是二十世纪英语名著之一,但是它起初并不引人注目。出版初期的销售量和报刊评论都不是很理想。直到三十年代,尤其是菲茨杰拉德死后,其销售量才开始稳步上升。如今,它每年的销售量都有近百万册,同时也激发了大量的关于菲茨杰拉德和《了不起的盖茨比》这部小说的理论研究和讨论,甚至连续有三个不同的《了不起的盖茨比》电影版本出现。说到这部小说的强烈而持久的吸引力,一些评论家认为是来自菲茨杰拉德超群的小说描写技艺使然,而另一些评论家则从历史文化角度探讨其长久不衰的魅力。本论文试图从一个更新的文学理论和历史文化研究角度——新历史主义角度来研究《了不起的盖茨比》这部美国文学著作。本论文写作分为如下几个部分：首先在引言部分,论文简要介绍了作家菲茨杰拉德和作品《了不起的盖茨比》,并探讨了这部小说的国内外研究趋势和基本状况。在第一章至第三章的论文主体部分,论文按照“理论-文本分析”的结构,从新历史主义理论出发,根据新历史主义的两大核心概念——历史的文本性和文本的历史性,对《了不起的盖茨比》作了详细的解读。第一章首先简述了新历史主义这一理论框架及其背景,为接下来的文本分析做理论准备。本章还就这一理论的发展背景,以及新旧历史主义中“历史”的不同内涵进行了比较研究。本章最后讨论了新历史主义的两位主要代表：一位是该文学理论的创始人史蒂芬·格林布拉特,另一位是提出新历史主义核心概念(历史的文本性和文本的历史性)的路易丝·阿德安·蒙特罗斯。第二章在历史的文本性这一理论概念引导下,探索这部小说中的真实历史事件,并阐释了这些历史事件背后的深层含义。新历史主义理论认为文本记录了历史,并成为我们了解过去的一个窗口,但是由于每个历史记录者兴趣、意识形态和认知力不同,文学文本又不可避免的掺杂了主观性。本章写作选取了其中两件历史事件,并根据新历史主义理论解读这背后的意义：一是富勒-麦吉案件,它揭露了神秘财富的来源,并牵扯出了一个涉及多领域的庞大腐败网络；二是菲茨杰拉德与金妮维亚之见的爱情故事,展现了那个时代的人们是如何以追求金钱及物质享受作为人生目标而导致的悲剧结局的。论文第三章从文本的历史性这一角度出发,探究了《了不起的盖茨比》这部作品的外部因素,以及它对社会和历史的发展所产生的影响。新历史主义认为,文学文本会受到社会历史背景以及作者性格、意识形态和道德规范的影响,同时文本也有塑造历史的力量。论文指出,二十世纪二十年代,社会经历了迅速的变化,菲茨杰拉德的特殊家庭背景也在他身上留下的印记,在文学创作方面,他受到了艾略特、斯宾格勒等作家的影响。这些特点在《了不起的盖茨比》中有所体现,作为二十世纪二十年代的一部伟大作品,《了不起的盖茨比》对社会发展也产生了深刻的影响。论文的最后结论部分整体回顾了这篇论文,并重点介绍了论文的现实意义和写作价值。根据新历史主义理论,文学研究和批评不仅会受到文本创作的社会历史背景的影响,还会受到文学研究评论的社会历史背景的影响。因此,新历史主义鼓励不同时代背景下的持续性文学研究。当今中国社会在某些方面与爵士乐时代十分相似。作为一种理论研究方法,新历史主义提供了一个独特的研究历史与文本关系的视角。因此,本论文试图从新历史主义角度分析《了不起的盖茨比》,旨在以作品主人翁错误的人生追求导致的人生悲剧的教训警示世人,帮助人们树立正确的人生观价值观。
【关键词】 菲茨杰拉德； 新历史主义； 《了不起的盖茨比》； 爵士乐时代
能不能把你的提纲发给我看看。。。。我现在没有头绪啊。。。。谢谢
能不能把你的提纲发给我看看。。。。我现在没有头绪啊。。。。谢谢
有错【美】菲茨杰拉德著 巫宁坤译 了不起的盖茨比[M].上海译文出版社，2009.页码
探讨盖茨比的成功与失败An Analysis of Gatsby’s Success and FailureAn Analysis of Gatsby’s Success and FailureSummary: Why Gatsby failed to achieve Daisy? To some extent, it may be a tragedy of society and Jay Gatsby’s fault. He was born and grew up in an era of decayed social and moral value. Further more, he can’t know himself and others distinctlyJay Gatsby was born in rural north Dakota and spent his childhood there. Because he grew up in the rural area,as usual he could bear trouble and difficulty in his life. But he was not of that kind of poor children. From his early youth, Gatsby despised poverty and longed for wealth and sophistication. He dropped out of College after two weeks, Because he couldn’t bear the tiring and difficult job with which he was paying his tuition. He was hunger for wealth ,but he just had the desire which didn’t year after he dropped out, he worked on Lake Superior fishing for salmon and digging for clams. One day, he saw a yacht owned by Dan Cody who was a wealthy copper mogul and rowed out to warn him about a coming storm. The grateful Cody took young Gtz, who gave his name as Jay Gatsby. On board, Gatsby worked as Cody’s personal assistant. Traveling with Cody to the Barbary Coast and the West. At that time ,Gatsby fell love with wealth and luxury. When Cody died, he left Gatsby $25,000. But Cody’s mistress prevented him from claiming his inheritance. Gatsby then dedicated himself to becoming a wealthy and successful man. At the same time ,he had gained the skills of making money which was vital to his success, However, his poor background and exorbitant desire for wealth and success were obstacles to World War I ,the generation of young Americans who had fought the war became intensely disillusioned, as the brutal carnage that had just faced made the Victorian social morality of early-twentieth-century America like stuffy. The dizzying rise of the social market in the aftermath of the war led to a sudden, sustained increase in the national wealth and a newfound materialism, as people began to spend and consume at unprecedented levels. A person from any social background could, Potentially, make a fortune, but the American aristocracy-families with old wealth-scorned the newly rich industrialists and speculators. Additionally, the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919,which banned the sale of alcohol, created a thriving underworld designed to satisfy the massive demand of bootleg liquor among rich and poor alike. The ban was both opportunity and challenge to Gatsby, He could make money through illegal way, Of course, he could make money through legal way with his intelligence. Unfortunately, he was influenced by the society, the way he chose was illegal which coursed his failure, because it was impossible for him to step on the ranking society which was what Daisy first, he couldn’t know himself completely. He lacked of self-confidence, he changed his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby. He held every Saturday night Party to show his wealth, he lied to Daisy about his own background. He didn’t believe in himself. However, he had enough faith in his beautiful dream, which made him seem confident. He was just like a religious man, he believed in future not now and himself. He could make so much money, which proved that he is a man of great ability and capacity, he could be an successful man and achieve Daisy’s love, because he is great. But he did realize this. He also didn’t know Daisy well, Daisy is a beautiful young woman from Louisville , Kentucky. Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby, but in 1919 she chose instead to marry Tom Buchanan ,a young man from a solid , aristocratic family who could promise her a wealthy lifestyle and who had the support of her parents, from the novel , Daisy was a woman who couldn’t bear lonesome and loneness. She betrayed Gatsby, the love between Gatsby and Daisy couldn’t be tested by Gatsby, Daisy represents the paragon of perfection –she has the aura of charm, wealth, so sophistication, grace, and aristocracy that he longed for as a child in North Dakota and that attracted him to her. In reality, She is beautiful and charming , but also fickle, shallow, bored, and sardonic. She was even indifferent to her own infant daughter. She said “I hope she’ll be a fool-that’s best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.” Daisy wasn’t worthwhile to love, Gatsby didn’t know what Daisy wanted most, Daisy wanted social position which wealthy Gatsby couldn’t up is a kind of beauty and happiness which Gatsby couldn’t understand, he just look at one goal firmly ignoring too many beauties, he didn’t know the value of life, What he wanted might destroy the family of Tom and Daisy, which is not fair to Daisy’s Gatsby’s experience, Gatsby is a successful man. In the end, he is a failure. We had some idea on how to achieve success. There is a Chinese motto that to know yourself and your enemy is the key success. Maybe this is the best conclusion and for Gatsby’s tragedy.
能不能把你的提纲发给我看看。。。。我现在没有头绪啊。。。。谢谢
most common one: the truth of the "American dream".
了不起的盖茨比语用学角度分析论文根据要求选用恰当的排列格式。