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英语j教学论文提纲范文模板

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英语j教学论文提纲范文模板

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇

论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容,下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板,希望大家喜欢!

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一

Abstract 5-6

摘要 7-9

1. Introduction 9-11

Background of the Research 9

Significance of the Research 9-10

Structure of the thesis 10-11

2. Literature Review 11-19

Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13

An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16

An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16

Limitations of the Previous Studies 16

Theoretical bases 16-19

3. Research Design 19-25

Subjects 19-20

Observed teaching tasks 20-21

Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22

Research method 22-24

Research Procedures 24-25

4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51

Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33

Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38

Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40

Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51

5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55

Conclusions 51-53

Pedagogical Implications 53-54

Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55

Acknowledgments 55-56

References 56-59

Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61

Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62

Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-7

Tables 7-10

1. Introduction 10-14

Research Questions 11

The purpose and significance of this research 11-12

Layout of thesis 12-14

2. Literature Review 14-24

The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17

The Content of teaching journal 17-20

Reflective level 20

The styles of teaching journal 20-24

Design 24-26

Purpose of Research 24

Subjects 24

Instruments 24-25

Procesures of research 25

Data collection 25-26

4. Results and Discussions 26-52

Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32

The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45

The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52

5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56

Problems in the process of reflection 52-53

The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56

6. Conclusion 56-58

Present findings 56

Limitations 56-57

Suggestions for future research 57-58

Acknowledgements 58-60

Bibliography 60-64

Appendix 64-65

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-8

1. Introduction 8-12

Research background 8

Significance of the study 8-10

Organization of thesis 10-12

2. Literature Review 12-22

Language learning strategies 12-15

Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13

Classification of learning strategies 13-14

Studies on learning strategies 14-15

Language learning styles 15-18

Definition of language learning style 15

Classification of language learning style 15-17

Studies on language learning style 17-18

Learning strategies training 18-19

. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22

3. Methodology 22-33

Purposes 22

Hypotheses 22

Research participants 22-23

Instruments of the research 23-24

Questionnaire 23

Observation 23-24

Procedures 24-33

Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25

Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30

Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33

4. Results and Discussion 33-47

Results of the questionnaire 33-43

The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40

The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43

Discussion 43-47

The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44

The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45

The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47

5. Conclusion 47-49

Major findings 47-48

The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48

The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48

Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49

Acknowledgements 49-51

Bibliography 51-55

Appendix 55-61

AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59

AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60

AppendixC Listening Material 60-61

英语专业论文提纲范文

英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展,英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大,成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文,欢迎阅读!

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,

因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词:习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006

[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海:上海外语教学出版社, 2008

[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京:北京高等教育出版社, 2006

有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一

Abstract 5-6

摘要 7-9

1. Introduction 9-11

Background of the Research 9

Significance of the Research 9-10

Structure of the thesis 10-11

2. Literature Review 11-19

Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13

An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16

An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16

Limitations of the Previous Studies 16

Theoretical bases 16-19

3. Research Design 19-25

Subjects 19-20

Observed teaching tasks 20-21

Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22

Research method 22-24

Research Procedures 24-25

4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51

Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33

Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38

Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40

Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51

5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55

Conclusions 51-53

Pedagogical Implications 53-54

Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55

Acknowledgments 55-56

References 56-59

Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61

Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62

Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-7

Tables 7-10

1. Introduction 10-14

Research Questions 11

The purpose and significance of this research 11-12

Layout of thesis 12-14

2. Literature Review 14-24

The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17

The Content of teaching journal 17-20

Reflective level 20

The styles of teaching journal 20-24

Design 24-26

Purpose of Research 24

Subjects 24

Instruments 24-25

Procesures of research 25

Data collection 25-26

4. Results and Discussions 26-52

Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32

The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45

The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52

5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56

Problems in the process of reflection 52-53

The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56

6. Conclusion 56-58

Present findings 56

Limitations 56-57

Suggestions for future research 57-58

Acknowledgements 58-60

Bibliography 60-64

Appendix 64-65

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-8

1. Introduction 8-12

Research background 8

Significance of the study 8-10

Organization of thesis 10-12

2. Literature Review 12-22

Language learning strategies 12-15

Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13

Classification of learning strategies 13-14

Studies on learning strategies 14-15

Language learning styles 15-18

Definition of language learning style 15

Classification of language learning style 15-17

Studies on language learning style 17-18

Learning strategies training 18-19

. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22

3. Methodology 22-33

Purposes 22

Hypotheses 22

Research participants 22-23

Instruments of the research 23-24

Questionnaire 23

Observation 23-24

Procedures 24-33

Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25

Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30

Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33

4. Results and Discussion 33-47

Results of the questionnaire 33-43

The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40

The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43

Discussion 43-47

The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44

The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45

The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47

5. Conclusion 47-49

Major findings 47-48

The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48

The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48

Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49

Acknowledgements 49-51

Bibliography 51-55

Appendix 55-61

AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59

AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60

AppendixC Listening Material 60-61

英语幼教论文提纲范本模板

英文论文提纲范文

在各领域中,大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧,论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗?以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文,希望能够帮助到大家。

论文的规格:正文长度5,500-8,500单词。

使用的语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、摘要:用300词,5号字,英文一页,中文一页

5、关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、正文:用5号字,

大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , …

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

8、致谢(acknowledgement)

英语毕业论文提纲范例

题目:基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Literature Review

General Studies of English Irregular Verbs

Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs

Summary

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics

Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability

Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics

Summary

Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA

Methodology and Data Visualization

Data Analysis

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs

Introduction and Data

Principle Components Analysis

Register Variation of PTF of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇

论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容,下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板,希望大家喜欢!

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一

Abstract 5-6

摘要 7-9

1. Introduction 9-11

Background of the Research 9

Significance of the Research 9-10

Structure of the thesis 10-11

2. Literature Review 11-19

Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13

An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16

An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16

Limitations of the Previous Studies 16

Theoretical bases 16-19

3. Research Design 19-25

Subjects 19-20

Observed teaching tasks 20-21

Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22

Research method 22-24

Research Procedures 24-25

4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51

Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33

Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38

Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40

Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51

5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55

Conclusions 51-53

Pedagogical Implications 53-54

Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55

Acknowledgments 55-56

References 56-59

Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61

Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62

Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-7

Tables 7-10

1. Introduction 10-14

Research Questions 11

The purpose and significance of this research 11-12

Layout of thesis 12-14

2. Literature Review 14-24

The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17

The Content of teaching journal 17-20

Reflective level 20

The styles of teaching journal 20-24

Design 24-26

Purpose of Research 24

Subjects 24

Instruments 24-25

Procesures of research 25

Data collection 25-26

4. Results and Discussions 26-52

Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32

The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45

The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52

5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56

Problems in the process of reflection 52-53

The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56

6. Conclusion 56-58

Present findings 56

Limitations 56-57

Suggestions for future research 57-58

Acknowledgements 58-60

Bibliography 60-64

Appendix 64-65

英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三

Abstract 3-4

摘要 5-8

1. Introduction 8-12

Research background 8

Significance of the study 8-10

Organization of thesis 10-12

2. Literature Review 12-22

Language learning strategies 12-15

Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13

Classification of learning strategies 13-14

Studies on learning strategies 14-15

Language learning styles 15-18

Definition of language learning style 15

Classification of language learning style 15-17

Studies on language learning style 17-18

Learning strategies training 18-19

. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22

3. Methodology 22-33

Purposes 22

Hypotheses 22

Research participants 22-23

Instruments of the research 23-24

Questionnaire 23

Observation 23-24

Procedures 24-33

Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25

Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30

Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33

4. Results and Discussion 33-47

Results of the questionnaire 33-43

The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40

The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43

Discussion 43-47

The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44

The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45

The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47

5. Conclusion 47-49

Major findings 47-48

The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48

The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48

Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49

Acknowledgements 49-51

Bibliography 51-55

Appendix 55-61

AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59

AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60

AppendixC Listening Material 60-61

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板

所谓论文提纲,是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备,是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构,以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例,为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一

摘要 2-3

Abstract 3

引言 6-13

一、研究的背景 6-7

二、文献综述 7-11

(一) 国外研究状况 7-9

(二) 国内研究状况 9-11

三、研究方法 11-12

四、创新之处 12-13

第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22

一、相关概念的界定 13

二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14

(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13

(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14

三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18

(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15

(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16

(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18

四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22

(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19

(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22

第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38

一、调研设计 22-23

(一) 调研对象 22

(二) 调研方法 22

(三) 调研内容 22-23

二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38

(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25

(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27

(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34

(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38

第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46

一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41

(一) 过于重视“整体”,完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39

(二)为了体现“学生主体”,大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40

(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义,变成“反复朗读语篇” 40

(四)为了“整体情境”,拘泥于“单一情境” 40

(五)为了“立足语篇”,拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46

第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54

一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51

(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48

(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50

(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54

(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51

(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52

(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52

(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52

(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54

结语 54-55

参考文献 55-59

致谢 59-60

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要,

因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说,翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱,专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来,习语翻译大多强调语际的交流,而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异,进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法,并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文,选择与原文风格,意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式,文化在变化,出现新的习语,习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词: 习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴,对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯,海枯石烂,海阔天空,海底捞针,海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

History

The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

Colours

Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

Literal Translation

Free Translation

Translation with Notes

Replacement with Similar Idioms

The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地:)出版社,年份:参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地:)出版社,年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京:世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京:科学出版社, 2006

英语提纲论文模板

英语专业的论文提纲模板

导语:在毕业论文的.写作过程中,指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲,它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备;从提纲本身来讲,它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板,欢迎参考借鉴!

Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason

Background of Gone with the Wind

Author's Life and Emotional Experience

Development of the Feminist Movement

Influence of Economic Crisis

Background of the Translator

Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept

Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style

Selection and Use of Words

Symbolthe Usage of Idioms

Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication

Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction

' Logic and Combination

's Device and Style

's Transition

, Slangs and Fixed Collocations

Identity

of Narrative Style

Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style

Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason

Significance

Significance

' Effort

Conclusion

This article conclusion

Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.

Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.

In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.

英语毕业论文提纲模板

紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束,毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式,毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢?以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板,希望能够帮助到大家。

Acknowledgements 4-6

Contents 6-10

List of Figures 10-12

List of Tables 12-20

Abstract 20-22

摘要 23-25

Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32

Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29

Significance of the study 29-30

Organization of the study 30-31

A note on terminology 31-32

Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51

T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35

Defining coherence 32-33

T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42

T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37

T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42

T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44

The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47

Training in T/TP 47-49

Summary 49-51

Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70

Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55

Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53

Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54

Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55

Theme and thematic progression 55-70

Theme 56-62

Thematic progression 62-70

Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88

The participants and the educational context 70-73

Background of the participants and the participating school 70

The allocation of participants to the training 70-71

The sample sizes 71-72

The pilot study 72-73

The interventional procedures 73-74

The questionnaire 74-75

The training 75-80

Considerations behind the training 75-76

The training material 76-79

The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80

Data analysis 80-86

Analysis of the writing 80-86

Analysis of the questionnaire 86

Ethical considerations 86-88

Informed consent 86-87

Anonymity 87

Harm 87-88

Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115

Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100

Interpersonal Themes 100-102

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107

Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110

Summary 110-115

Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137

Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126

Interpersonal Themes 126-129

Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131

Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132

Summary 132-137

Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155

Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147

Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139

Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142

Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145

Interpersonal Themes 145-147

Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150

Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149

Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150

Summary 150-155

Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165

Findings from closed questions 155-160

EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157

EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158

EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159

EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160

Findings from open questions 160-164

The changes that occurred 161-162

The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163

The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163

EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164

Summary 164-165

Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195

Findings with regard to research questions 165-187

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172

Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181

Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187

Positioning the study within the literature 187-190

T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189

Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190

Implications 190-194

Pedagogical implication 190-193

Methodological implication 193-194

Limitations 194-195

Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200

Summary 195-197

Putting everything together 197-199

Suggestions for future work 199-200

Notes 200-202

References 202-214

Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215

Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217

Appendix 3: Training material 217-229

Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237

Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238

Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239

Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239

中文摘要 3-4

ABSTRACT 4

Chapter One Introduction 7-10

Motivation of the present study 7-8

Significance of this study 8

Composition of this thesis 8-10

Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19

Language production 10-14

L1 Production 10-11

L2 Production 11-12

Dimensions of language production 12-14

Theories on oral output 14-15

Skehan’s dual-model system 14

Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15

Task Repetition 15-17

Task 15-16

Task repetition 16-17

Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19

CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25

Research justification and questions 19

Hypothesis 19-20

Methods 20-25

Participants 20-21

Material 21

Research design 21-23

Measures 23-25

Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41

Results and Analysis 25-34

Quantitative analysis 25-27

Qualitative analysis 27-34

Discussion 34-41

Fluency 34-36

Complexity 36-38

Accuracy 38-39

interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41

Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44

Conclusion and implication 41-43

Limitations and recommendations 43-44

Acknowledgements 44-45

References 45-49

Appendixes 49-54

A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50

B. The same-content task 50-51

C. The different-content task 51-52

D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53

E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54

F. Sample of writing repetition task 54

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Research Background

Significance of the Study

Research Goals and Questions

Data Collection and Methodology

Analysis Procedures

Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Introduction to Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory

Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad

Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home

Studies on Personal Statements

Introduction to Personal Statement

Summary

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

An Overview of Attitude System

Affect Resources

Judgment Resources

Social Esteem

Social Sanction

Appreciation Resources

Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation

Summary

Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies

Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study

References

Acknowledgements

英文论文提纲范文

在各领域中,大家最不陌生的就是论文了吧,论文是讨论某种问题或研究某种问题的`文章。你知道论文怎样写才规范吗?以下是我精心整理的英文论文提纲范文,希望能够帮助到大家。

论文的规格:正文长度5,500-8,500单词。

使用的语言:英语

论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。

引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号,间接引文要以转述的方式出现。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚:(作者名,年份,引文所在页码)

论文正文部分:

1、题目大写,三号字,新时代罗马字,大写下面可写一个附标题,4号字;

2、作者名,5号字,班级,学号

3、指导教师名,5号字,职称

4、摘要:用300词,5号字,英文一页,中文一页

5、关键词:不能用专有名词,词与词之间空四格(或一个tab键),不加标点符号

6、正文:用5号字,

大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字,小不分用一般数字符号:

引言:引入正题,不超过2段

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

ii. , , , , …

iii. , , , , , / . …

结论

7、参考文献(bibliography):先英文,后中文

作者名,出版年月,文章名/书刊名,出版社,地点

8、致谢(acknowledgement)

英语毕业论文提纲范例:

题目:基于语料库的英语不规则动词过去式的社会语言学变异研究

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Literature Review

General Studies of English Irregular Verbs

Studies of the Variations of Irregular Verbs

Summary

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework

Foundational Studies of Variationist Sociolinguistics

Variationist Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and the Principle of Accountability

Analytical Methods in Variationist Sociolinguistics

Summary

Chapter 3 Diachronic Change of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in COHA

Methodology and Data Visualization

Data Analysis

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Chapter 4 Synchronic Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs

Introduction and Data

Principle Components Analysis

Register Variation of PTF of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

User-related Variation of PTFs of Irregular Verbs in BNCweb

Discussion and Conclusions

Summary

Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements

学术英语论文提纲模板

V. Thesis Outline:I. Introduction II. On Developing English Reading Skills in Junior High School . Current Situation and Problems of Junior High School Students in English Reading . Reasons of Currents Problems in English Reading Ⅲ. Ways to develop Students’ English Reading Skills . Developing Students’ Reading Habits . Specific Measures in developing Reading Broadening Students’ Improving Students’ Reading .Training Students’ Reading Speed While Reading . Choose Proper Reading Materials and Strategies Ⅳ. Extending Students’ Eye Shot in Extracurricular ReadingⅤ. Conclusion

简介:学术论文就是用来进行科学研究和描述科研成果的文章,简称之为论文。

它既是探讨问题进行科学研究的一种手段,又是描述科研成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等,总称为学术论文。

英语专业论文格式规范 A Contrastive Study beeen English and Chinese Idioms (题目:二号,黑体,加粗,居中,除了英语小词外,其他单词首字母都要大写;另外:除了题目外,论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”) (学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名(小四号宋体字,加粗),依次排印在论文题目下,上空二行,居中) 【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… (英文摘要:上空二行;题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用其他任何标点符号;采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗;单倍行距。) 【Key Words】 idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词:题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,加粗,两个单词的首字母要大写,置于粗体方括号【】内,顶格放置;随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格,不用任何其他标点符号,采用五号“Times New Roman”字体,不加粗,除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写,各单词之间用分号“;”隔开,分号之后空一格;最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号;单倍行距。)

1. Introduction (顶格,除了第一个单词及专有名词外,其他单词首字母都不要大写;标题最后不用任何标点符号,上空两行) In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences beeen Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符;夹注的标注法:出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系;注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号,时间、页码等的标注法;另外,汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现,不能出现汉语姓氏;夹注出现在标点符号之前) 2. The similarities beeen English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples: (1) I don't know。我不知道。

(2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以(1),(2)…为序号排列,直至最后一个例子;而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号) 3. The differences beeen English idioms and Chinese idioms The characteristics of English idioms (正文章节序号编制:章的编号:1. ,2., 3.,…;节的编号:…,…;小节的编号为:, …。

小节以下层次,采用希腊数字加括号为序,如(i),(ii)…;之后再采用字母加括号,如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格,小四号字,加粗;每节(及小节以下)题目左顶格,小四号字,不加粗但要斜体;所有章节的题目都单独一行,最后不加任何标点符号) …. In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms …. Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. …. The *** ysis of the differences beeen English and Chinese idioms … (i) …. …. (ii) …. …. 4. Conclusion …. Bibliography (References) (小四号,加粗,后面不加任何标点符号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981. 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。

打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。

第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后。

1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、论文格式的目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、论文格式的内容提要: 是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。

字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、论文格式的关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。

关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题分析,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。(参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》)。

5、论文格式的论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。

引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。

主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出问题-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤; d.结论。 6、论文格式的参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。

参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期) 英文:作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。

(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章,简称之为论文。

它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。

论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成,其中部分组成(例如附录)可有可无。

论文种类

为了探讨和掌握论文的写作规律和特点,需要对论文进行分类。由于论文本身的内容和性质不同,研究领域、对象、方法、表现方式不同,因此,论文就有不同的分类方法。

按内容性质和研究方法的不同可以把论文分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性论文和设计性论文。

另外还有一种综合型的分类方法,即把论文分为专题型、论辩型、综述型和综合型四大类。

论文格式

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1、论文格式的论文题目:(下附署名)要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、论文格式的目录

目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、论文格式的内容提要:

是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、论文格式的关键词或主题词

关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题分析,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。(参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》)。

5、论文格式的论文正文:

(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:

a.提出问题-论点;

b.分析问题-论据和论证;

c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤;

d.结论。

6、论文格式的参考文献

一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。

中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期)

英文:作者--标题--出版物信息

所列参考文献的要求是:

(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。

(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

议论文

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议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。

论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义,恰当地综合运用各种表达方式;论据基本要求是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。

写议论文要考虑论点,考虑用什么作论据来证明它,怎样来论证,然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点,然后分别进行论述,分析各个分论点,最后得出结论;也可以先引述一个故事,一段对话,或描写一个场面,再一层一层地从事实分析出道理,归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式,是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问,然后一一作答,逐层深入,这是答难式的写法。还要以是作者有意把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照,然后得出结论,这是对比式写法。

议论文是用逻辑、推理和证明,阐述作者的立场和观点的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张,或是驳斥别人的错误观点。新闻报刊中的评论、杂文或日常生活中的感想等,都属于议论文的范畴。

议论文又叫说理文,它是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,以确定其观点正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。

简单啊,题目,摘要,目录,正文,参考文献,致谢,给你篇范文看下最佳采购的决策方法 概论

研究的背景及意义

研究的背景

谈到采购,其实在我国已经有很悠久的历史渊源。正所谓“行有行规”,进入现代社会,尤其是加入世界贸易组织后,我国的采购获得了长足的发展,为市场经济的完善起到了应有的作用。采购发展的过程中,采购不短的给企业节省成本。其次,采购能增进企业之间的合作利益。采购在进料过程中要不断的跟催开发新的工业商。货比三家,主要是从质量,价格,还有公司的诚信度,交期的准确性来选择。

研究的意义

研究的意义主要是因为将来想从事采购工作,想更好的了解采购。并在采购这个领域能有所创新。

采购是企业必不可少的一个部门,企业的所有物品都必须通过此部门来进行采购,采购的决策直接影响到企业的成本变化,要想最大程度的减少物料的成本就要更好的了解采购的决策方法。采购不仅在企业上面体现,个人去shopping 本人也就成为直接的采购员。要想为自己采购到最好的商品就应该研究商店的位置,物品的价钱,质量,等商店的诚信度进行比较。

2 采购的定义与流程、方法

采购的定义

指通过交换获取物料和服务的购买行为,为企业经营在合适的时间、地点、价格获取质量、数量合适的资源。

运用公司的资金来换取公司有用的物品与服务,也就是说以资金来建立资源(物品+服务),此资源透过管理的运用产生最大附加价值的资产,从而为公司创造利润。

采购所承担的是从产品设计概念阶段到和供应商签订系统合同为止 。

采购的流程

收集信息,询价,比价、议价,评估,索样,决定,请购,订购,协调与沟通,催交,进货检收,整理付款。

采购数量计算:本期应采购数量=本期生产需用量+本期末预定库存量-前期预估库存量-前期已购未入库数量

怎样合理降低采购成本:事先制定合理的采购计划,查询当前市场行情,掌握影响成本的因素和事件。事中寻找多家合格厂商的报价,制作底价或预算,运用议价技巧。事后选择价格适当的厂商签订合约,利用数量或现金折扣。

1)采购价格构成:供应商成本的高低,规格与品质,采购物料的供需关系,生产季节和采购时机,交货条件,付款条件。

2)采购商品成本构成:工程或制造的方法,所需的特殊工具、设备,直接及间接材料成本,直接及间接人工成本,制造费用或外包费用,营销费及税捐、利润。

什么是合适的价格:采购价格应以达到适当价格为最高目标,采购员必须以采购要求,根据市场行情,分析物料 的质量状况和价格变动情况,选择物美价廉的物料进行购买。

1)怎么样判断采购价格是否合理:进行成本分析,价格分析,市场调研,多家厂商报价。

2)怎样找供应商:利用现有的资料,公开征求的方式,通过同业介绍,阅读专业刊物,协会或采购专业顾问公司,参加产品展示会。

供应商分类:原材料供应商,小额服务性供应商,临时性供应商。

合格供应商的标准:优秀的企业领导人,高素质的管理人员,稳定的员工群体,良好的机器设备,良好的技术,良好的管理制度。

怎样对供应商进行分析:价格,品质,服务,位置,存货政策,柔性。

希望可以帮助到你,望采纳

学术期刊发表论文必须有作者名字。作者名字按先后顺序被称作第一作者、第二作者、第三作者、……。一般情况下,作者的数量是不限制的,也就是说文章是由几个人合作完成的就应该是几个人。但一般不会超过5人。部分杂志要求最多3人或者2人。

作者单位

作者单位是在职称评审中确定一个作者的身份的信息,尤其在学术论文中不可缺少。通常的格式是:单位,省市,邮编。例如:山东省枣庄市台儿庄区北园小学山东枣庄277400。

摘要

摘要又被称为内容摘要,是文章的一个概括性的结论。摘要通常在200字左右。摘要是对论文全文的引导,是论文格式中不可缺少的一环。摘要要求概括全文,不可以片面只讲文章的一部分。

五、英文摘要

部分杂志要求文章需要存在英文摘要。英文摘要是对中文摘要的一个翻译,要求翻译准确。

关键词

关键词是文章索引的一个重要部分。关键词要求必须设置准确,恰当。让别人可以较容易地根据关键词了解文章的主要谈论问题。这也是文章划类的一个基本方式。

英文关键词

部分杂志要求文章需要存在英文关键词。英文关键词要求翻译正确。

正文

学术论文的正文为论文的主体。正文的层次应该清晰,论述应该有理有据,论文的主题更是应该明确。论文写作切忌统概统论。大帽子下写小问题。发表论文的正文长度通常在2000字到8000字之间。过多应该精简,过少应该补充。

参考文献

参考文献具有一定的格式。文中如有参考文献,应依照引用的先后顺序用阿拉伯数字加方括号在右上角标出,并在文中按照引用的先后顺序标注出引用参考文献的作者名、引用文题名、出版单位以及出版日期。

还有不明白的加翰林论文工作室询问吧

【OQ:299一5839一239】

英语论文提纲outline格式:

1.论文题目:准确、简洁、醒目、新颖。

2.目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简短列表。(短文不需要列出)

3、小结:是文章的主要内容摘录,简短、精练、完整。字数可以少于几十个字,300字以上为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的标题、摘要和正文中挑选出来的,是表达论文中心内容具有实质性意义的词汇。关键词是用来标记文章内容特点的词语。一般每篇论文选择3-8个单词作为关键词,在“feed”的左下方再安排一行。

主语词是一个已经标准化的词。在确定主题词时,应根据索引和分组规则,对论文进行主题化,并在主题词表中转换为标准词。

5.主要内容:

引言:引言,又称前言、前言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言部分应概述作者的意图,说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文的范围。引言应该简短扼要,紧扣主题。

论文主体:论文主体是论文的主体。主体包括:陈述-论证;分析问题-论点和论点;解决问题-演示和步骤;结论。

6.论文的参考文献是在论文和写作中可以被引用或引用的主要参考资料,列在论文的最后。参考文献应该是另一页,按照“gb7714-2005后的参考文献描述规则”进行标记。标题—作者—出版信息(版本地点、出版商、出版日期):作者—标题—出版信息

所列参考文献的要求是:所列参考文献必须是正式出版物,供读者核实。所列参考文献应注明序号、著作或文章名称、作者、出版资料。论文的提纲也可以采用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地陈述论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至两句话。

这样的大纲经常用于科学论文中,其中的概念是相关的,而不是单独讨论。如果一,二,三…点代写,往往会变成“八股文”模式,这样的论文往往是临摹论文,其真正的科学价值会大大降低。

扩展资料:

其他文件格式

参考格式是指为撰写论文而引用已发表文献的格式。按参考文献类型可分为专著[M]、会议论文集[C]、报刊文章[N]、期刊文章[J]、学术论文[D]、报告[R]、标准[S]、专利[P]、论文[A]、期刊[G]。

许多文件格式都有开放的、标准化的或建议的格式。这些规范或建议描述了如何对数据进行编码和安排。

有时还指定是否需要特定的计算机程序来读取或处理它。有两种情况不公开文件格式。首先,开发人员将文件格式视为商业机密。其次,开发人员不愿意或者很少花时间在规范文档上。

需要注意的是,使用非公共文件格式可能会产生额外的成本。要理解这种类型的文件格式,您需要对结果文件进行反向工程,或者付钱给开发人员以获得文件格式。第二种方法通常涉及与开发人员签订的防扩散协议。无论哪种方式都既耗时又费钱。

英语论文提纲outline格式:

1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。

4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。

主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

5、论文正文:

引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:提出-论点;分析问题-论据和论证;解决问题-论证与步骤;结论。

6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息

所列参考文献的要求是:所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类,简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义,甚至是两句话。

这种提纲往往是用于科学论文,而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3......点来写的话,往往会变成“八股文”的模式,这样的论文往往是应付式的论文,其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。

扩展资料:

通常情况下,撰写论文提纲有5大要求:

1、要有全局观念,从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当,篇幅的长短是否合适,每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的,作者以浙江××市某企业为例,说只要干部在改革中以身作则,与职工同甘共苦,可以取得多数职工的理解。

2、从中心论点出发,决定材料的取舍,把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃,尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失,才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵,舍不得剪裁去,也就缝制不成合身的衣服。

为了成衣,必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以,我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的,离开了这一点,无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。

3、要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病,是论点和论据没有必然联系,有的只限于反复阐述论点,而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆,论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系,这样的论文都是不合乎要求的,这样的论文是没有说服力的。

为了有说服力,必须有虚有实,有论点有例证,理论和实际相结合,论证过程有严密的逻辑性,拟提纲时特别要注意这一点,检查这一点。

4、论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点,是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分,因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准,层层深入,层层推理,以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合,把论点讲深讲透。

5、安排好论文的篇幅。如全文大约多少字,各部分大约多少字。有了这个安排,写作时就可以更有计划,避免东拉西扯,离题太远。至于一篇论文到底以多长篇幅为好,这并无规定。一般说来,篇幅过短,难以把问题分析得深刻、透彻。

同样,洋洋数万言的论文也不容易写好,很容易变成资料的堆砌,杂乱无章。从当前教育科研的实际情况来看,一篇论文的篇幅一般以四千到八千字左右为好,这也比较符合阅读者的心理。

参考资料来源:百度百科-论文提纲

语文教学论文提纲模板

论文提纲范文样本:

一、论文基本思路:

1、论题的研究意义。

2、论题的研究目的。

3、论题的研究内容。

4、论题的基础:人力资源的概念、人力资源管理的概念、需要层次论、双因素。

二、人力资源管理中风险管理的现状分析

1、人力资源管理风险管理的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险管理的现状分析、国外人力资源管理的现状分析、国内人力资源管理的现状分析。

3、人力资源管理风险管理的类型分析。

①招聘风险。

②绩效考评风险。

③薪金管理风险。

④员工招聘风险。

⑤劳资管理风险。

三、人力资源管理中产生风险的原因

①员工个人原因。

②企业原因。

③市场原因。

四、人力资源管理中的风险驾驭。

1、人力资源管理中风险管理驾驭的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险驾驭的步骤。

①根据人力资源管理风险管理的类型进行有针对性、有效的调查研究。

②根据调查结果和经验进行风险管理预测(衡量化,以百分比的形式呈现)。

③根据预测结果对风险进行相关的排定,针对排定草拟针对风险的消除方案。

④上报草拟方案给上级部门。

五、人力资源管理的风险监控。

1、人力资源管理风险监控的概念。

2、人力资源管理风险监控的步骤:风险调查、风险识别与认识、拟定防范风险的方案、执行并随时调整方案、评估、建立风险数据库。

六、总结

七、主要参考文献

关于语文课堂的论文任务书提纲怎么写? 摘要提高语文课堂教学的质量,首要是使学生全身心投入到学习中,积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。因此必须要培养学生的学习兴趣。在教学过程中可以通过巧设导入;善设问题;教学方法多元互补;营造课堂乐学情境;运用先进新颖教学手段等策略来激发和培养学生的学习兴趣,达到提高课堂教学效果的目的。关键词:语文课堂,学习兴趣,培养方式一、培养学习兴趣的意义及作用一个人对某种事物(或活动)产生兴趣时,他总是以饱满的精神和情绪去对待。意志随兴趣的日益浓厚而更加坚强,虽面对千难万险,并不感觉是一种负担。反而觉得是一种乐趣,是一种享受。学习兴趣就象一根绳子一样,经常牵引著一个人的注意力,使之集中深入到事物的内核,在头脑中产生丰富的想象和联想。学习兴趣是最好的老师。科学巨匠爱因斯坦说过:“只有兴趣,才是最好的老师[7]”。学习兴趣是内外因最自觉的沟通者,它是能够引导一个人循序渐进地不懈追求,加强记忆的重要因素。人的大脑对有兴趣的事物,最敏感信息也就是这样被接收者的兴趣所吸引,兴趣又被经常接收过来的信息而强化,在大脑里不断形成强兴奋中心,一个人对深感兴趣的事物很容易记忆,且能长时保持。学习兴趣是诞生灵感的催产剂,是产生注意的基础,是打开创造思维闸门的钥匙,可使创造性思维的闸门会突然打开,将潜在的智慧挖掘出来,为灵感的诞生催促助力。实践证明,少年儿童时候的兴趣和爱好,对他们未来的成才活动,起着积极的促进作用和充分的准备作用。学习兴趣是人才成功的真正秘诀。二、培养语文课堂学习兴趣的策略与方法“成功的教学所需要的不是强制,而是激发学生的兴趣[10]”。事件与景物,或演示形象逼真的与教学内容相关的情境、画面等都能拿来激发学生的兴趣。兴趣的激发是要设计好一定的情境,让学生戏剧般地进入角色。只要在语文教学中激 *** 趣,就能唤起他们的情感体验,点燃其思维火花,调动他们的学习积极性,产生强烈的共鸣。这样也就能提高学生学习积极性,提高课堂教学效率。(一)巧设导入激趣导入是引导学生进入学习的行为方式,是整个教学活动中的热身活动。对课堂教学成功与否至关重要的是导入的开始,也是一节课成功的关键。在语文教学中,教师应别出心裁地创设情境,巧妙导入新课,吸引学生的注意力,激发学生的学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性和主动性。运用导入功能,激发学习语文兴趣,提高课堂教学效果,好的导入可有以下几种。1.善用故事、图片、图画美术等艺术形式引起学生兴趣第一故事导入。故事能激发学生浓厚的学习兴趣,使学生形成强烈的求知欲望,产生强烈的探究心理,充分调动学生各方面的感官的积极参与,使学生处于积极学习状态,收到事半功倍的效果。故事导入可以把学生的思维引入深处,能更进一步地吸引学生进入角色,学生马上会提起精神来,这效果比说教更有效果。如学《三打白骨精》这课中,教师可以讲一讲有关孙悟空的故事,去掉学生以往那种枯燥、乏味的感觉。这样可以吸引学生更好的进入课文学习中来。第二图片导入。图片是学生比较爱看的,能把学生的注意力集中起来。教师可在课前收集有关的图片,通过指导学生看图,突出要学内容。图片可以引人入胜,也能进一步引导学生进入教学当中。如《海洋-21世纪的希望》这一课中,可以让学生看看有关海洋的图片,从中引导海洋的有关知识。一来激发学生看的兴趣,二来通过对比直观表达教学内容。第三画画导入。学生在课堂学习中的活动,以兴趣为主。若是以学习简单的美术知识和技能为前提,把美术图画运用到教学当中,能符合学生的学习心理,也可以激发学生兴趣,知识通过图画能做到要求适度,易于被学生接受,从而激发学生的创造性思维,进一步产生浓厚的兴趣。如在识字教学当中可以...... 为啥老失恋啊 你怎么不问一下我那里做得不够好?你说你懂得爱,那你是怎样爱的?两个人一起吃饭禒要是要你们去拿饭菜的你会主动去拿吗?要是用一次性筷子你会帮她扳开然后递给她吗?她生病了你会怎样照顾她?她想要什么你知道吗?不要盲目的爱!如果你的爱能够给到幸福她的话她就不会抛弃你! 浅谈怎样学会小学语文作文提纲的技巧 我觉得可以从以下几方面着手。有的学生看到打雷下雨的自然现象,生活单调,也是一个难点,就会想到现在生活好了。 二、做好作文课前的充分准备,鉴于这种情况,无话可说,就应该让学生做好作文课前的准备。我们都有一个感受,就会问个为什么。学生习作必须在激发学生写作兴趣上多下功夫。 三。”作为一名农村小学语文教师,去尝试写作、培养写作兴趣 兴趣是最好的老师?就应该积极鼓励学生多留心观察周围的事物,有的学生却对这些视而不见,布置完作文题后,学生习作也是如此,关键是让学生有写作的浓厚兴趣,要想尽办法打开学生的话匣子,有了兴趣、处处留心观察 生活处处皆学问。常言道“巧妇难为无米之吹,那写作文也就水到渠成了 学生是学习的主体,找出原因小学作文教学是小学语文教学的一个重点: 一,绝大多数的学生见闻少。主要是我们农村的小学生,老师只是一个引导者和协助者,感兴趣的事情我们都乐于去做,有的学生听爷爷奶奶讲过去的苦日子,想到什么,学生咬笔无从下笔,使学生有表达的欲望,要常问自己今天看到什么,学会了什么,提起写作文就头疼,我经常提醒学生,他们就会主动去找素材,为此 语文学科的工具性论文提纲怎么写 1.占有材料2.库存材料:当今社会是信息化社会,信息对做什么事情都很重要,也要以信息化来促进教学质量。信息是仓库,有的同学说来说去就那么几句话,就因为摄入的信息量少,所以要善于捕捉信息,占有库存材料。3.运用材料:在写作时,要对储存的材料库进行筛选,提取你所需要的材料。 如何提高语文课堂教学效率论文提纲 精心设计教学环节。备讲,备导。要想上课的效果好,教师的只言片语就都要精心推敲,所以从课前的导入语,课中的过渡语,到点拨学生回答的导语,再到课后的总结语,都要进行了精心设计,力求为上课的重点服务,力求为引导学生服务。备问,问题的设计也要精心考虑,教师设计的问题要突出教学的重点,凸显单元训练重点,要少而精,要做到牵一发而动全身。备作业,现在的作业要求有拓展有延伸,这样学生才会有所提高。所以,每次备课,都要广泛查找资料,精心设计练习和作业,做到既减轻学生负担,又达到训练、巩固、提高的目的。 语文里的作文提纲是什么东西? 提纲提纲 tí gāng [解释]写作、发言、学习、研究、讨论等内容的要点。例:作文提纲。 [相关词] 提纲挈领:提住网的总绳,提住衣服的领子,比喻把问题简明扼要地提示出来。 一般形式为 总--分 形式,表格. 提纲 (一)提纲的含义 提纲,是一种概括地叙述纲目、要点的公文。它不把全文的所有内容写出来,只把那些主要内容,提纲挈领式地写出来。 提纲使用于汇报工作、传达会议精神和讲话发言。因为有些情况、材料很繁杂,又很具体,而且本人对它也特别熟悉,这些具体材料都装在脑海里,用不着一一写出来,只需把纲目列出,就可把有关材料串联起来。提纲在工作中运用比较普遍,特别是在现在,人们都很繁忙,有时写材料,不把全文写出来,只写一个大体纲要,可以节省不少时间。 (二)提纲的主要特点和类型 提纲的主要特点有二:第一,纲要性。所谓纲要性,即把汇报、传达和发言的纲目、要点,提纲挈领地写出来,不把全文一字不漏地写到材料中去,因此,在写作中应突出“纲目”和“要点”这四个字。第二,条理性。所谓条理性,是说这种文字材料应该条理特别清楚,共有几个大问题,每个问题之下分几小点,一目了然,眉目清楚,否则,就失去了写提纲的作用。 提纲,从用途着眼,可分为以下四种: 1)汇报提纲。这是向上级领导机关汇报工作时使用的一种,汇报人按照提纲中的纲目,加上脑海中记忆的具体材料,向领导人进行口头汇报。 2)传达提纲。这是开完大中型的重要会议,向领导、同级或下级传达会议精神时所使用的一种。 3)讲话提纲。这是在会议上讲话时,为了条理清晰,避免忘记,预先把所要讲的问题提纲挈领式地写出来的一种。 4)写作提纲。这是进行写作之前,把文章的主要纲目,有的还把重要材料,挈领式地写出来的一种文字材料。 (三)提纲的基本格式 提纲的基本格式有标题、前言、主体和结语。只是标题比常用公文自由、灵活、随便一些。主体也因提纲不同,有些差异,结语可长可短。下面对种类提纲的格式作一简单介绍。 1)汇报提纲。标题常写《关于XXX工作的汇报提纲》。有时也可采用正副标题法,正标题用文章标题,或阐发意义,或突出作用,然后用副标题加以补充、限制,如《关于XXX问题(工作)的汇报提纲》。 主体,一般写基本情况,经验体会、问题教训和今后打算。它同工作总结的基本内容大体一致。 结语,一般写请领导批语批示之类。 2)传达提纲。标题写《关于XX会议的传达提纲》。主体写会议概况、会议的基本精神、会议的典型经验、会议解决的问题、贯彻会议精神的意见。如果没有介绍典型经验,可以不写。结语,写明“以上是这次会议的主要精神,如果同会议精神不符,本人负责”,或者写“以上是会议的基本精神,不确切的地方,以会议文件为准”之类的话。 3)讲话提纲。标题写《在XXX会议上的讲话提纲》或拟定文章式标题。正文写讲话的开头户,然后把所讲的主要内容,用大小标题的形式列出,或者把主要内容写出来,最后写结束语。 讲话提纲的写作可繁可简。最简单的提纲只有几十个字或几百个字,甚至只用一张纸片或烟盒纸就能写下:有的讲话提纲长达数各字,甚至上万字。这可以根据每一个讲话者的实际情况、习惯爱好而定。总之,它没有死的规定,约束性很小。 论文提纲 (一)确定论文提要,再加进材料,形成全文的概要 论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要,以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在......

语文提纲的格式如下:

作文提纲一般包含三部分内容:

1、题目。要把题目(或补充完整的题目)写在第一行正中间。

2、主要内容和中心。要在题目下面,简要地写出这篇作文的主要内容及要表达的中心思想。

3、结构安排。这是作文提纲最主要的部分,设计时需要注意做到以下五点:

安排好材料的组织顺序。先写什么、后写什么,全文一共准备分为几大段,每段写什么,要以小标题的形式、按照一定的顺序把材料组织起来。

确定好重点写的内容。要依据表达中心的需要,确定出哪些内容是主要的,哪些内容是次要的,标明“详”、“次详”、“略”的字样;重点段又打算分几层来写,先写哪层、后写哪层,具体列出准备重点写的步骤、次序。

依据文章选用的材料及要表达的中心思想,确定好开头、结尾的方法,并在提纲中简单注明。

提纲编写要求

1、把握中心思想

作文题目一般给我们规定了写作范围(记人、记事、写景、状物等)、写作问题(记叙文、说明文、议论文),所以,审清题目,才能明确写什么、怎么写,才能避免文不对题、偏离中心的毛病。

中心思想是一篇文章的灵魂,在编写作文提纲式时,只有确立了中心,才能围绕选材,确定重点,安排详略,等等。选材时要注意紧紧围绕文章的中心思想,选择真实可信、新鲜有趣的材料,以使文章中心思想鲜明、深刻地表现出来。

2、要简洁明了

作文提纲只是作文的一个思路,一个框架。因此作文提纲既要完整,又不能过于繁琐;既要简洁,又要达到写作目的。

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