英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英美文学的英语毕业论文开题报告范文
英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。下面,我为大家分享英美文学的英语毕业论文开题报告,希望对大家有所帮助!
一、 选题的背景与意义:
(一)课题研究来源
在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目,本人很感兴趣,于是确定选择该题。
(二)课题研究的目的
本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义,来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。
(三)课题研究的意义
艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家,是著名的勃朗特姐妹之一, 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》,但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》,艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景,通过写两个截然不同的家族,三代人之间的爱恨情仇,充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断,艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突,例如,呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突,凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上著名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上,自然在她们心中是神圣之物,这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响,自然,情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且,艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代,当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物,艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶,内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此,要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作,就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度,才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾,由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。
二、 国内外研究现状:
(一)国内研究现状
1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析,他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用,它使人精神放松,包容所有人,它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂,分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱,同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出:艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳,展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。
2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为,自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然,要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性,得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明,则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式,要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类,因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失,自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始,文明和自然的冲突就不断。
(二) 国外研究现状
1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道:“当夏洛蒂写作时,她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验,虽然比较强烈,却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师,没有东家。有爱,却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励,促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去,而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折,但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎,通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们,全人类和你们,永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”
2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时,他总结说:“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰,也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然,荒野与暴风雨,星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒,他们生活在这个世界里,而且努力去改变它,有时顺利,却总是痛苦的,几乎不断遇到困难,不断犯错误。”
三、 课题研究内容及创新
(一)课题研究内容
艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义,例如,呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然,他们崇尚自由,顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明,他们彬彬有礼,服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄,于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战,她开始背叛自己的内心情感,越来越像淑女,最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿,表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端,他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲,约束人的真实自然之情,造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步,但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终,艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明,让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的.同情以及要求人顺应人性,重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述:
1. 自然和文明的定义
2. 自然和文明的较量: a.自然和文明的象征:呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争:凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲
3. 结论 人应该顺从自然,归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。
(二)课题研究创新
本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用,来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园,分别代表自然和文明,还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格,通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。
四、课题的研究方法:
本选题拟采用多种研究手法,然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括: 1、定性分析法:根据主观的判断和分析能力,推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法:通过许多个别的事例或分论点,然后归纳出它们所共有的特性,得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法:即历史文献法,就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料,从中选取信息,以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法: 即针对某个研究主题,对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理,对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别,清理与分析,并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况,取得的成果,存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述,评论,建构与阐述。其中,确定一个研究主题,收集整理专题文献,阅读与挖掘文献内容,清理与记述专题研究状况,建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。
五、 研究计划及预期成果
(一)研究计划
4月15日-4月18日:指定论文指导教师,学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日:完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日:完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日:完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交,以便答辩老师阅读),指导教师分组阅读论文,师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日:论文答辩(答辩后,学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改,以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日:二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。
(二)预期成果
按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的,字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。
六、 参考文献:
[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[2] Cecil, Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934
[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着,方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社, 2001
[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着,宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社, 1996
[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01):69-73
[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6):80-83
[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04):80-85
[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04):77-81
七、指导教师评语:
在平时的学习、工作或生活中,大家都写过评语吧,评语的内容包括被考评者的工作业绩、工作表现、优缺点和需努力的方向。什么样的评语才是好的评语呢?以下是我精心整理的开题报告导师评语,希望能够帮助到大家。
课题立意明确,技术路线可行,研究内容充实,研究方法切实有效,学生本人对相关领域的国内外现状有较为全面地了解,现开展的工作为完成课题提供了多方面的便利,相信能够完成课题,并撰写出达到硕士学位论文要求的毕业论文。
同意该课题开题。
指导教师签名:
日期:
该生对选题与老师进行了充分讨论,符合思想政治教育专业毕业论文要求,参考了许多文献,具有一定的实用价值。本选题是学生所学专业知识的延续,符合学生专业发展方向,对于提高学生的基本知识和技能,对于提高学生的'研究能力有益开题报告导师的评语开题报告导师的评语。研究方法和研究计划基本合理,难度合适,学生能够在预定时间内完成该论文的设计。
同意该课题开题。
指导教师签名:
日期:
该生通过与课题组成员和老师充分讨论,参考了许多文献,确定了具有一定的市场价值的课题。本课题初步确定的电路原理图合理,设计思路基本明确,通过设计和研究可以提高开发电子产品的能力。本课题的研究方法和研究步骤基本合理,难度合适,学生能够在预定时间内完成该课题的设计开题报告。
同意该课题开题。
指导教师签名:
日期:
该生试验准备工作充分:能收集比较详实的中外参考文献,进行试验设计和准备工作,试验材料准备充分,试验计划安排合理,并已开始论文撰写的前期准备。
希望继续收集资料,完善试验方案,早日开展试验研究和论文撰写。
同意开题!
指导教师签名:
日期:
1. 不及格:该同学未按毕业设计(论文任务书完成主要工作量;论文设计原则与方案选择缺乏足够的依据,存在较大的错误;论文概念不清楚,论据有明显错误,文理混乱,图表不够规范,结论存在原则性错误。论文未达到本科毕业设计(论文要求,不同意组织答辩。并建议成绩为:不及格。
2. 该生在规定时间内不能陈述论文的主要内容,条理不清,思维混乱,回答问题错误。经答辩小组经过充分讨论,根据该生论文质量和答辩中的表现,决定评定论文成绩为:不及格。
3. 该论文主要研究了铁路信号领域车站计算机联锁软件的安全性。论文选题具有一定的前沿性,有着明确的理论意义和很强的实用价值。调研全面,工作量饱满,分析透彻,设计合理,资料翔实。论文结构合理,写作规范,条理清晰,重点突出,文笔流畅,综合运用了所学知识解决问题。
4. 红曲色素是我国传统的食用色素之一,其中有大量特性有待于研究与开发。本文作者应用摇瓶液态发酵筛选并紫外诱变得到了高产色素低产桔霉素的优良菌株。通过响应面实验优化了安全型色素红曲的固液态发酵条件,并进行了放大试验。论文思路新颖,具有前瞻性和较好的应用前景。
5. 该毕业论文选题考虑了课题在学术上的前沿性及多样性,为安全型红曲色素的生产工作提供了开拓性思路。论文实验工作量大,分析检测方法完备,对科研结果分析正确。论文攒写格式规范,逻辑严密,数据图表清晰可靠,结论层次清晰,具体实验方案设计思路清晰,工作量大,系统性强,论文达到湖北省优秀硕士学位论文水平。表现出作者具有较扎实的理论基础,具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力。
6. 语言表达流畅,格式完全符合规范要求;参考了丰富的文献资料,其时效性较强;没有抄袭现象。
7. 论文选题符合专业培养目标,能够达到综合训练目标,题目有难度,工作量较大。选题具有学术研究(参考价值(实践指导意义。
8. 该生查阅文献资料能力较强,能较为全面收集关于考试系统的资料,写作过程中能综合运用考试系统知识,全面分析考试系统问题,综合运用知识能力较强。文章篇幅完全符合学院规定,内容较为完整,层次结构安排科学,主要观点突出,逻辑关系清楚,但缺乏个人见解。文题相符,论点突出,论述紧扣主题。
9. 语言表达流畅,格式完全符合规范要求;参考了较为丰富的文献资料,其时效性较强;未发现抄袭现象。
10. 论文选题符合专业培养目标,能够达到综合训练目标,题目有一定难度,工作量一般。选题具有学术研究(参考价值(实践指导意义。
11. 作者以安全型红曲色素为研究对象,采用响应面对色素红曲的液态发酵培养条件进行了进一步优化,并且利用单因素实验方法考察了维生素H对红曲液态发酵的影响,得到维生素H最佳添加量,为色素红曲的开发利用提供实验依据。
12. 应用根据摇瓶培养得到的条件,再用L发酵罐进行小试实验,得到了三阶段通风控制的工艺条件。此条件下所得色价为U/ml,桔霉素为mg/L。与优化前相比色素变化不大,而桔霉素下降%。结果较为理想
13. 论文选题新颖,具有较好的应用前景,实验测试结果分析合理,数据图表清楚可靠,实验工作量大。论文中心突出,撰写格式规范,论据较充足,结构严谨,层次分明,表达能力较强。材料丰富,数据可靠,加工整理方法科学有效。表现出该生具有扎实的基础知识及系统的专业知识,并具有较深的科研工作能力。论文达到湖北省优秀硕士学位论文水平。
14. 该生查阅文献资料能力一般,能收集关于考试系统的资料,写作过程中基本能综合运用考试系统知识,全面分析考试系统问题,综合运用知识能力一般。文章篇幅完全符合学院规定,内容基本完整,层次结构安排一般,主要观点集中邮一定的逻辑性,但缺乏个人见解。文题基本相符,论点比较突出,论述能较好地服务于论点。
15. 语言表达一般,格式完全符合规范要求;参考了一定的文献资料,其时效性一般;未见明显抄袭现象。
16. 论文选题符合专业培养目标,基本能够达到综合训练目标,题目难度较小,工作量不大。论文选题一般。
17. 该生查阅文献资料能力较差,不能全面收集关于考试系统的资料,写作过程中综合运用考试系统知识,全面分析考试系统问题的能力较差强。文章篇幅符合学院规定,内容不够完整,层次结构安排存在一定问题,主要观点不够突出,逻辑性较差,没有个人见解。文题有偏差,论点不够突出,论述不能紧紧围绕主题。
18. 语言表达较差,格式符合规范要求;占有资料较少,其时效性较差;有部分内容与他人成果雷同。
19. 在为期三个月的毕业设计中,该同学能在老师的严格要求下顺利完成整个毕业设计工作和论文的撰写。程序能正确的运行,界面安排合理,论文符合要求。
20. 在整个毕业设计的过程,态度端正,学习也比较认真,时间安排也很合理,能按时到实验室,不存在无故早退或迟到的情况。能基本在每个阶段完成相应的任务,还能主动加班,做到时间上前紧后松。当然,在这其间也存在一些不足和需要提高的地方。
关于毕业论文开题报告评语
随着个人的素质不断提高,越来越多的事务都会使用到报告,报告中提到的所有信息应该是准确无误的。一起来参考报告是怎么写的吧,下面是我收集整理的关于毕业论文开题报告评语,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
该生对于所开课题进行了较为详尽的市场调研,参考了许多文献,最后确定的课题具有一定的实用价值。本课题是学生所学专业知识的延续,符合学生专业发展方向,对于提高学生的基本知识和技能,对于提高学生的研究能力有益。研究方法和研究计划基本合理,难度合适,学生能够在预定时间内完成该课题的设计。
同意该课题开题。
(指导教师签名)
年 月 日
该生在前期的工作中能充分的分析课题任务需求,熟练掌握可重构系统设计要求,完成了整个系统功能设计,对系统的整体工作机制已经较为全面的掌握,并且完成相关形态学算法的实现与测试,所做研究具有一定的工程应用意义,也为下一步工作的展开做好了充分的准备。期间该生工作安排合理,学习态度认真,学术作风严谨,科研工作量较大,课题进展符合预期计划。
(指导教师签名)
年 月 日
该生通过与课题组成员和老师充分讨论,参考了许多文献,确定了具有一定的.市场价值的课题。本课题初步确定的论文设计思路基本明确,通过分析Grice的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的运用可以提高国际商务谈判的效率,以及促进国际贸易的发展。本课题的研究方法和研究步骤基本合理,难道合适,学生能够在预定时间内完成该课题的设计。
同意该课题开题。
该生试验准备工作充分:能收集比较详实的中外参考文献,进行试验设计和准备工作,试验材料准备充分,试验计划安排合理,并已开始论文撰写的前期准备。
希望继续收集资料,完善试验方案,早日开展试验研究和论文撰写。
同意开题!
该生对本课题相关的知识与理论研究比较透彻,参考了许多的文献资料,具有一定的研究价值。
本课题结构合理,内容完整,主要观点突出,并且时效性强,是学生学习方向的延续,对于提高学生的能力有利。
同意该课题开题。
该生在前期通过查阅文献,对研究内容所涉及的研究领域进行了较为全面的调研,对课题《形态学可重构图像处理器的研究与设计》有了较全面的认识,论文的研究方法基本已经掌握。工作安排合理,态度认真,目前论文写作的前期准备工作已经基本完成,开题报告符合规范格式,准予开题。
(指导教师签名)
年 月 日
EMBA毕业论文开题报告范文(精选5篇)
难忘的大学生活即将结束,大家都开始做毕业设计了,在做毕业设计之前要先写好开题报告,那么开题报告应该怎么写才合适呢?下面是我整理的EMBA毕业论文开题报告,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
1、论文题目: 要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录: 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)
3、提要: 是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词: 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3—8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文:
(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:
a、提出—论点;
b、分析问题—论据和论证;
c、解决问题—论证与步骤;
d、结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。 参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714—87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。
中文:标题——作者——出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者——标题——出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:
(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。
(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
【拓展】EMBA毕业论文开题报告
企业管理是一门科学,也是一门技术
――听雪珥《晚清改革为什么崩溃》讲座有感
在课堂上,他讲到的一个观点让我印象深刻,记忆犹新。那就是他讲到的“社会的进步,要靠制度的完善来推动经济发展、改善民生和风气。这是技术层面的体制建立,需要有一个慢慢到位的过程。改革并非越快越好,因为管理好国家是个‘技术活’”,我之前也在他的一篇文章中看到过类似的观点,他说“中国很多问题,包括国家管理的很多问题就是一门技术,和企业管理是一样的”,这个观点刚好契合了我作为企业管理者多年来的一个想法――企业管理不仅是一门科学,也是一门技术。
一、企业管理是科学与技术的结合
管理是一门科学,也是一门技术,它实现了科学、技术二者的联姻,是数千年来人类智慧发展的最微妙结晶。安娇妮·耶茨曾指出,对于一个企业来说,“仅有技术是不够的,同样还需要拥有‘用新的方式来应用技术’的眼光”,从而实现管理在科学、技术与艺术方面的最佳耦合,把员工的积极性、主动性和创造性有效整合发挥出来,让企业的有形资产与无形资产高效运转起来,最终达成企业的终极盈利目标,建立长青发展的基业,切实打造经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、环境效益有机统一的“百年老店”。
看到有人说“企业管理不能算是一门技术,因为技术是机械的,重复的,是熟能生巧的技能,而管理是没有规则的,没有对错,不同的选择有不同的结果,最终老板要的是什么。在企业管理中,只有一种规律可循,有舍才有得,关键是要看你舍什么,舍多少,怎么舍”,这种说法既没有看到管理的科学性,也割裂了管理科学性与技术性之间的关系。管理失去了科学性将不称其为规范,管理不讲技术性业就没有了其初衷。
管理既有科学性,又有技术性。完美的管理应该是科学性与技术性的结合。 管理科学作为社会科学的一种,是长期以来人门在管理实践中的经验总结、和发展。人们将这些作以分析,整理并形成系统。成为理论,因此是当之无愧的科学。 管理要科学化,但管理者需要管理艺术,没有科学的管理就没有先进的企业,现在的企业都以创名牌为目标,没有科学管理就达不到这种效果,但科学管理也需要管理者的技术才能善于科学管理,也就是领导层的决策。
二、管理的科学性是管理的技术性的前提与基础。
笔者认为,要将管理工作做好,首先必须承认管理是一门科学,管理主要依靠的是一套制度,尤其是评价制度与激励制度。在现实中,人们也可以发现,一个企业管理得好,那肯定是因为它有一套科学的评价制度与激励制度。判断评价制度与激励制度好坏的原则是:
(1)是否给企业利害相关人(所有者、经营者、职工、供应商、消费者、债权人、债务人、收税者等)带来方便;
(2)是否节约了企业制度运行的成本;
(3)是否使评价成本与激励、约束、监督成本较低;
(4)是否评价结果明确、公平,激励、约束功能很强等等。
根据这些原则,还可得出一些可操作性的管理制度设计方法:
(1)不同的企业有不同的管理模式,以高级知识分子为主的企业、强调创新的企业,要更多地采用民主管理;在高级知识分子比较少的企业里,严厉的层级制比较有效;
(2)上级管理人员要善于授权给下一级管理人员,不要事必亲躬,不能越级管理。管理的要义要于各级管理者之间有制度化了的权利与责任,管理越科学,这种权利与责任的划分就越细致;
(3)制定严密的评价和激励制度,要把评价和激励的标准落实到个人,才能真正起到激励—约束员工的作用;
(4)评价标准的选取,要考虑可控性,就是要看被评价者能否控制该评价标准,要将评价标准与被评价者的个人努力联系起来;
(5)评价标准的精细程度是管理水平的最主要标志。例如,在酒店中这种评价标准要精细到服务生鞠躬的度数、倒葡萄酒的姿势与数量、擦桌子的光洁程度等等。评价标准硬度越高,可以帮助员工形成明确的预期,效果就会越好。软标准,不但容易造成扯皮,而且难以服众,员工有时也会不知所措;
(6)要持之以恒地对员工进行培训(并不因为员工的高流动性而停止),让他们知
道达到标准的方法;
(7)奖惩要严,决不手软,太多的破例会影响员工的合理预期,从而增加交易成本;
(8)激励要以评价为基础,否则激励便不可能公平合理,达不到激励的目标;
(9)最强的激励是永远让员工充满希望,这种希望会一直激励着员工安心、努力工作;
(10)要有明确的升迁制度,尽量让较高层的管理者都有以下各层级工作的具体经验,避免越级提拔,也要避免以“英明领导”的管理(人治)代替制度的管理;
(11)评价与激励制度设计的总指导思想是,通过它缩小员工目标函数与企业目标函数的距离,这就离不开“利益均沾”,所以,既要精打细算,但该花的钱决不能节省;
(12)如果好的制度不能一步到位,那就分步改进,制度的变迁需要耐心和诸多准备工作。
只有有了一套科学的管理制度,才能给职工稳定的预期,减少信息搜寻成本和由于不确定性所造成的损失。在此基础上企业家的人格魅力、聪明才智、创新精神才有发挥的土壤。如果只承认管理是一门艺术,而不承认管理是一门科学,就必然导致管理中的随意性、一言堂,甚至独裁与腐败。
三、管理的技术性是管理的科学性的补充与提高
在承认管理的科学性的前提下,讲管理的技术性也是很有必要的。因为,管理制度是经营者与职工之间的一些契约,包括正式的契约与非正式的契约、书面契约与口头契约、强制性契约与诱致性契约等等,而这些契约都不可能是完备的。例如,规定工资与生产的产品成正比,这一看似明确的契约实际上包括着很多不完备的地方:工资有没有包括资金,有没有包括实物工资?生产不同产品的职工之间,产品如何比较?产品的质量如何界定?由于请假、工伤、公务、不可抗力而导致生产的产品减少,如何扣减工资?而涉及到度量(如产品质量度量)方面,更是不可能绝对精确,简单到一张桌子有多长,我们也不可能精确量出(总是有误差)。而涉及到概念,也是不可能绝对明晰。由于度量是不精确的、概念是模糊的,所以任何制度都不是完备的,在制度不完备的地方,就需要管理者的技术性。可以这样说,管理技术是对管理制度的补充,在管理制度规定到的地方,是不可以假管理技术之名违反管理制度的。如果管理制度本身不合理,那么就需要修订管理制度,而不是以管理技术去代替不合理的管理制度。
当前,少数管理者总是以为自己具有大智慧并谙熟管理技术,别人都是比较不够聪明的。因此过分迷信自己的管理技术,造成权大于法,这种思想不纠正,中国从人治为主的社会走向法治社会的路还很长。其实经济学的基本原理早就告诉我们,人都是理性的,都知道趋避害,在制度与技术(约束条件)既定的情况下,他们知道自己该怎么做会活得最好,别人最好不要充当救世主或警察。人们的这种趋利避害的行为模式都差不多,关键是约束条件(从中短期看主要是制度,从长期看才涉及法律),约束条件(制度)变了,人们的行为自然会改变。因此,要引导人们的行为,激励职工努力工作、安全生产、保证产品质量等,靠的主要是制度,只有制度没有规定到的地方,才需要管理者的创新与灵感(技术)。管理是在人类经济社会活动中的一项职能,从科学的角度来说,有管理学、管理方法、管理理论等形态;从技术角度来看,则有具体的管理技术,特别是在度的把握以及在具体应用时一些微妙的变化??所以说管理是科学也是技术。管理既是一门科学又是一门技术,管理像一台运转的机器,它遵循着它的运作模式,但是在机器陈旧的时候就需要改进和维护,从而为企业进行更好的服务,这时就产生了技术,而管理步伐中的细小环节,模式所不能解决的它就必须有新的方式,新的手段,新的做法去解决,根据环境和问题的不同,作出不同的结论,这本身也是技术,所以管理是科学,但是它同时也是一门技术。
尊敬的各位领导、老师,亲爱的同学/同事们:
大家下午好!我是安徽科达洁能股份有限公司技术部的副经理PYX,能够有机会代表同学们站在这里,我感到非常荣幸。
今天是我们参加安徽科达EMBA研修班学习结业的日子,也是值得我们全体学员大家铭记的日子。
EMBA研修班是科达公司与东南大学联合为我们员工打造的学习成长的平台,在此我们全体学员首先要感谢公司领导的用心良苦,提供给了我们这样一次提升自己的机会。
两年的学习时光转瞬即逝,EMBA学习生活就要画上圆满的句号,但东大赋予我们的却是一生受益不尽的财富!此刻,我们的心情是激动!是喜悦!同时又饱含着无限的留恋和感激!在今天的结业典礼上,我非常荣幸的代表科达EMBA研修班的全体学员对两年来给予我们经验与启迪的学校领导、各位教授和老师,表示最崇高的敬意和最真挚的感谢!你们以渊博的知识、严谨细致的治学态度使我们深刻体会了 “止于至善”的东大精神。
两年前,我们为了一个共同的目标,怀着对知识的渴求从科达各个部门相聚在这里,组建了EMBA研修班这个班集体。同学们共同携手,一路走来。在每一单元的学习中收获知识,努力成长!
通过多个单元的学习,我们系统地完成了EMBA的全部课程,铜鼓著名教授授课,启发互动式的教学,课堂上下的交流沟通使我们对经营管理有了系统、深入地了解,同学们开阔了眼界,更新了观念,丰富了理论,提升了自我。
我们忘不了老师们个性风趣的授课和精彩而富有哲理的语言!感谢东大经管学院的各位领导和老师,是你们赋予我们这两年中最有意义的收获,你们渊博的知识带领我们走进神圣的知识殿堂,你们博大的胸怀给予我们最无私的关怀和奉献。我们将永远感激和尊敬你们!
感谢所有的同学,是科达和东大的缘分让我们走到一起,我们一定会永远把这份友谊珍藏,把这段美好的经历记起!EMBA的学习生活将成为我们每一位同学终身难忘的记忆!
各位学员,研修和相聚是短暂的,而学习是永无止境的。“今天的典礼不仅仅代表着EMBA学业的结束,同时也代表着一个崭新的开始,我们一定会运用所学的知识,在各自的工作、事业上不断进取,创造辉煌!不辜负公司和学校对我们的期望。
最后,衷心祝愿东大的明天桃李芬芳,海纳百川!东南大学同科达公司的友谊长青!祝在座的各位,身体健康,工作顺利,谢谢大家
尊敬的 院长,尊敬的各位教授,各位老师,各位同学,各位家人:
大家中午(晚上)好!
在这个春暖花开、播种希望的季节,迎来了我们2011 届EMBA总裁班学员的毕业盛典,这也是我们每个学子的一个终生难忘的节日,因为我们是今天这场盛会的主角。过去的一年时光,每一个熟悉而亲切的笑容,每一堂课,每一次活动,每一处留下我们足迹的地方,都从我们的记忆深处浮出,化成此时此刻更加深刻的感受:有回忆更有留恋,有激动更有自豪,责任在肩,充满自信,充满继续前行的力量!
一年前我们共同选择了内大,作为具有国际化视野,培养草原英才的摇篮——内大始终坚持将西方管理理念与中国企业的实践相结合,立足本土,放眼全球,取得了丰硕的教育成果,培养了一批又一批具有国际竞争能力的高级金融管理人才。在内大认真、创新、追求卓越的文化氛围中我们相知相识,在这里我们收获了智慧,收获了情谊,也收获了一段美好的时光和一段难忘的记忆。内大给了我们追求卓越的高远眼见,给了我们勇于担当的宽阔胸怀。
毕业是感恩的时刻,首先我代表内大2011届总裁班的学员对给予我们经验与启迪的学院领导、教授、老师,给予我们悉心关照的教务人员表示深深的感激,你们以渊博、严谨细致的治学态度使我们懂得了海纳百川,胸怀天下。感谢内大2011届总裁班为各行的精英们搭建起相识、相知的桥梁,在这里我
们不仅结下了深厚的'友谊,而且EMBA成为我们探讨业务发展、合作共赢的平台。我相信,在未来的人生道路上,我们将相互影响、相互合作,“一年同窗,一生友谊”将成为未来我们共筑友谊和成功的见证。
当今我们所处的世界发生剧烈变化,市场风云瞬息万变,社会变化日新月异,对我们以及我们的企业家提出了更高的要求。6年前苹果之父乔布斯以一句“求知若饥,虚心若愚”的话激励斯坦福学生,我们也因如此。我们应怀着强烈的社会责任感,秉承内大总裁班的理念不断学习,不断突破,胸怀天下,努力成为企业发展的领导者,社会责任的承担者,管理变革与创新的实践者,以及经济发展与社会进步的推动者。
今天我们即将分别,但此时的分别不是一段辉煌的结束,而是无数辉煌的开始,我们把内大总裁班收获的财富带到新的工作中,以更前瞻的眼光做强我们的企业和事业,创造更多的社会财富和社会价值,为社会大众谋福祉。
我们期待2001EMBA的一家人,友谊长存、事业有更大的发展、为社会的发展贡献更大力量、承担更大的责任。也祝愿培养我们的母校取得更大发展、基业长青、桃李满天下,祝愿老师们身体健康、万事如意,祝愿各位同学事业有成,家庭幸福!
谢谢大家!
尊敬的各位来宾,亲爱的emba学员们:
今天,我们相聚在一起,共同见证我校首届emba学员毕业这一神圣而又辉煌的时刻。我和大家一样,心情非常激动,特别是看到你们——来自海内外业界的精英们,你们是交大的骄傲。我想,在你们成长的历程中,曾参加过多次毕业典礼;但今天这一典礼,尤其值得纪念。因为你们是在平均毕业十余年后,在事业已经取得相当成就的情况下,在繁忙工作的同时,完成了标准高、要求严的学业。所以,我再次代表学校党政领导,祝贺你们,并向你们的家人表示亲切的慰问。
在你们即将离开学校之际,我谈三点想法,和大家共勉:
第一,珍惜你们的选择。你们在入学前,就是所在企业的领导者和骨干。跨入上海交大,你们选择的是一次挑战,选择的是一个品牌,选择的是一种责任。交大是一所享誉中外的百年名校,emba项目在XX年初,就被评为首届中国市场最具领导力emba品牌前三强。昨天,又从北京传来喜讯,我校emba晋升为第二名,并获得最具人气奖!交大emba一路走来,成绩斐然。创新的理念、高质量的教学、学生的一致认同,社会的高度评价形成了emba项目的坚实支撑。我也深信,交大emba的良好声誉必能通过在座的你们,在社会上代代相传。同时,我想告诉大家,打上"交大人"的烙印,当更有一份为经济社会和国家奉献的自觉性,为本企业的发展、为经济腾飞、国家富强做出自己的贡献。
第二,衷心祝贺大家完成学业。两年中,我相信你们中的每一位,在就读过程中都克服了许多困难,凭借顽强的毅力,执着的精神,最终圆满地完成了学业。"雄关漫道真如铁,而今迈步从头越"。今天,你们从交大校门走出,更增加了一份自信,更有了一番豪迈和从容。
第三,真诚希望大家"追求卓越、崇尚奉献"。追求卓越是一种工作态度,是一种精神境界;崇尚奉献是一种人生追求,是一种价值取向。在中国逐渐富强起来的过程中,在上海逐步走向世界的征程中,希望你们在全球范围内证明自己的优秀,长袖善舞,体验巅峰人生。
借此机会,我还要向安泰管理学院王方华院长和季建华书记,向emba项目主任徐飞教授,向所有为该项目付出辛勤劳动的各位老师、行政管理人员和后勤支持人员,向关心帮助支持 emba项目的广大海内外校友、各级领导、社会各界人士,表示由衷的谢意!同时,也希望我们首届毕业的emba学员们常回家看看。
谢谢大家!
凤凰花灼灼其华之际,厦门大学EMBA毕业典礼暨厦门大学EMBA鼓浪屿名家论坛在厦门人民会堂隆重举行。
上午,著名经济学家、北京大学光华管理学院院长张维迎教授做客厦门大学EMBA鼓浪屿名家论坛,以《全球金融危机与中国未来30年的前景》为题,揭秘企业应对金融危机之策,把脉中国未来30年发展契机之法。厦门大学EMBA2003—2005级毕业学员和来自社会各界的名流俊士齐聚一堂,聆听张教授谈危论机,思辨今朝前沿动态,共谋中国未来发展!论坛由厦门大学管理学院沈艺峰院长主持。
下午,厦门大学EMBA毕业典礼隆重举行。
福建省政协副主席邓力平,厦门大学党委书记朱之文、校长朱崇实,厦门市副市长詹沧洲,全国工商联副主席、福建恒安集团董事长许连捷,福建省国资委副主任林文生,福建省审计厅副厅长王光远等省市领导、企业和社会嘉宾、厦门大学校院领导和教师等莅临会场。典礼由厦门大学吴世农副校长主持,朱之文书记、詹沧洲副市长先后致辞向EMBA2003—2005级毕业学员表示祝贺,2003级厦门班班长黄光同学代表毕业生发言后,厦门大学校长为获得硕士学位的EMBA学员授学位和拨穗。2003—2005级EMBA学员共同募集130多万元善款,用于捐建福建省漳州市华安县际头村厦门大学EMBA希望小学。学员黄朝阳的中骏集团控股有限公司捐赠100万元,用于设立厦门大学管理学院贫困学生助学金。
至此,厦门大学EMBA毕业典礼圆满落下帷幕。
毕业论文开题报告模板范文如下:
模板范文一:
1、选题目的及意义。
演员创作角色时心理活动的正确把握,能让演员更好的掌握角色,帮助演员更深刻的进入所演角色的内心,从而更生活,更直观,更真实的创造角色,从整体上提高作品的审美价值及现实意义。在创作角色时充分把握角色的心理并控制自己的心理活动,这样就能够自然而然地、直觉地、有机地抓住角色的情感,激起正确的体验。
演员创作角色时的心理活动是通过演员的神情、肢体、语言等外部行动体现出来的,之所以探讨演员在创作角色时心理活动的重要性,一方面是因为创作角色时心理活动是表演“艺术中的灵魂”,另外一方面,演员在创作角色时心理活动的重要性这一课题,能够使表演者在实践领域里有着十分重要的指导意义。
2、选题背景。
3、选题的研究现状。
4、结语。
5、可行性分析。
6、重点与难点分析。
7、时间进度安排。
模板范文二:
1、课题背景及现状。
项目位于南阳市宛城区人民路中段,占地公顷,建成已50多年,是该市城区唯―一座大型综合公园。鉴于现状设施老化、景观落伍等问题,同时适应全国农运会.宜居城市对景观环境的需要,要求对其进行重新规划设计,通过设计使之成为集休闲、娱乐、观光、游玩、服务为一体的综合城市公园。
2、目标。
通过本课题的学习,培养学生综合运用前四年半所学的各类基础知识和专业理论知识,专业设计技能,专业调查与实践方法,在原有基础上进一步培养和提高知识综合运用能力,理论分析应用能力,组织和独立开展工作的能力以及文字、图纸、口头表达能力,充实并完善毕业生的整体知识结构和社会工作体验。
通过本方案的各个环节的训练,掌握城市综合公园规划设计的相关原理、规划的相关法律法规,进而了解景观规划的有关知识和设计手法以及景观设计相关问题的研究,培养解决环境复杂地块问题的能力。
3、任务及途径。
学生根据提供的课题任务书,结合导师的时间安排按步骤进行设计,平时注意和导师及时沟通和交流,课下也可以根据课题的需要独立进行调研和资料的收集,前期注意详细分析基地情况,收集相关资料,综合加以分析,提出自己的方案构思,并根据构思进行方案的设计,最后提供一套完整的方案图纸和一份相关的设计说明书。
4、时间安排。
寒假期间完成实习及调研工作,还需完成实习报告、文献综述、文献翻译等设计准备工作。
第1~2周:收集相关文献资料;调研资料整理(文字、图纸),完成开题报告。
第3~4周:功能分区、空间结构等的多向求解,完成方案一草。
模板范文三:
有关治理的理论和实践目前在发达国家极其受到重视,尤其在医疗、公共安全、教育、基础设施等公共事务领域,发达国家普遍调整政府在提供这些公共物品中的传统定位,积极寻求政府和私人机构、非政府组织、社群、公民合作,以各种创新型制度安排,共同承担提供公共物品的新的“治理”模式。
本项研究首次将治理理论引进到图书馆界,旨在系统探究包括政府在内的多种利益主体在建设、维持和发展图书馆,提供和生产图书馆服务这种公共物品中的职麦及其实现。本项研究系统引进治理理论作为理论基础和总的研究框架,以图书馆治理模式为研究对象,突出比较研究方法。
1、比较不同的图书馆治理模式在资源配置机制和效率上的差异。
2、比较不同的图书馆类型、规模,所处国别以及历史发展阶段等具体情境下图书馆治理模式的取向及其之间的内在相关性。
3、比较不同的图书馆治理模式所赖以形成和维持的法律、制度、组织和技术因素及其组合。最终,在理论上解释存在不同的图书馆治理模式及(至少在实证上)资源配置效率差异的原因;在实践上弄清各种利益主体(政府、社会组织、公民)应该以何种制度安排支持和发展图书馆,以及这样一种宏观层面的制度安排如何体现为微观层面图书馆监管体制的设计。
本项研究系应用性基础研究,研究价值体现在:
相关成果可提交给国家决策机构、图书馆主管部门和图书馆,作为制定和实施有关图书馆事业和机构改革发展的立法、政策和策略时参考。
拓宽治理理论的应用范围,形成一个比较完整的图书馆治理理论体系,促进图书馆学研究对象。范围的扩展和研究方法的丰富。
翻硕论文是翻译的文本10000字。
1、翻译项目:学生在导师指导下翻译长度为10000字(中文字符或者非中文单词,以下同)以上的中外源文本,然后根据译文就翻译问题写出不少于5000字(不包括引用原文和译文部分)的研究报告,内容包括任务描述、任务过程、案例分析和实践总结等,最好运用已学过的理论。
2、调查报告:学生在导师指导下就翻译市场的某个方面进行调查,并写出字数不少于10,000字的调查报告,内容包括任务描述(调研目的、调研对象、调研方式等)、任务过程(受试的选择、调研的组织、调研数据的收集)、调研结果分析以及调研的结论与建议等。
3、实验报告:学生在导师指导下就口译或笔译的某个环节展开实验,并分析实验结果,写出不少于10000字的实验报告,内容包括任务描述(实验目的、实验对象、实验手段等)、任务过程(假设、变量、操作性定义、受试的选择、实验的组织、实验数据的收集)、实验结果分析以及实验总结与结论等。
论文选题及撰写
1、学生应就学位论文选题及时与导师进行协商,于正式答辩前一年的10月底之前(具体日期以学院规定为准)向学院翻译硕士论文指导小组提交论文开题报告,阐述研究目的、研究方法、研究文献、论文基本结构和可能得出的结论等。
2、学院翻译硕士论文指导小组对开题报告进行综合考评,对准备充分的选题组织论证,提出修改或者进一步完善的意见。
3、学生论文选题通过后即进入论文写作阶段;学生在撰写学位论文期间每月应至少接受导师当面辅导一次。
4、学生应于转年3月中旬完成论文初稿,4月中旬完成论文修订,4月底提交论文定稿。
5、翻译硕士学位论文须符合《中南民族大学研究生学位论文撰写规范》的要求。
以上内容参考:中南民族大学外语国学院——中南民族大学外语国学院关于翻译硕士
我的建议是可以选择一些古今中外的著作,选择这一类的题材既有学术高度,又可以提升自身的能力,比如莎士比亚的著作等等。希望采纳
超严。本研究以2012年到2017年翻译硕士毕业论文为基础,在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,简称CNKI)数据库博硕士论文库内通过高级检索的方法,选取哲学与人文科学,社会科学I辑和社会科学II辑学科领域,检索全文字段为翻译硕士并含毕业论文的相关文章,统计数据截至2018年1月31日。至检索截止日,CNKI收录2012年到2017年相关翻译硕士毕业论文共937篇,剔除学位不符(如博士毕业论文),专业不符(如公共管理、英语语言文学等专业)及语言领域不符(如俄语、日语翻译硕士等专业)论文共213篇,最终符合小组研究课题的毕业论文共计724篇。
要。MTI是专业硕士,都需要撰写毕业(学位)论文。翻译专业学位论文主要是案例分析报告,分为:口、笔译实践分析报告、翻译项目管理分析报告、翻译术语库案例分析报告、翻译项目语料库案例分析报告、项目质量审校分析报告等等。
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容:
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况:
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。
张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲:
thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见:
指导教师签名:
年 月 日
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms