发布时间：
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
开头常用万能句子
1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer...
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人持……的观点，而另外一些人则更喜欢……
例句：Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city.
基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇，而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。
2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But...
当被问及……时，多数（大多数、许多）人认为（回答）……但是……
例句：When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice.
当被问及在选择居住地方时，多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的`。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。
3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe...
当提及……时，有人认为……
例句：When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one.
当提到运动时，有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。
4.It has become apparent to us that...
对我们来说，……已经变得很明显了
例句：It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable.
对我们来说，住在小城镇更加舒服。
5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that...
如今，人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑……
例句：Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable.
如今，人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利，但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。
6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着……的快速增长，……日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
例如：With the rapid growth of hi-tech skills, cellphone has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着高科技的快速增长，手机在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
7.Recently the issue/ problem of...has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention/ in the limelight/ posed among the public.
近来，……的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
例句：Recently the issue of studying abroad has been brought into focus.
近来，出过留学的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
8.One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is...
人们热烈讨论的话题之一就是……
例句：One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is going abroad for study.
人们热烈讨论的话题之一就是出国留学。
一、开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.It's generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.It's likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.It's hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.It's hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that… 更重要的是…
二、衔接句型
1.A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是…
2.As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But it's a pity that… 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7.Further, we hold opinion that… 此外，我们坚持认为，…
8.However , the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to… 同样，我们要注意…
10.not(that)…but(that)…不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is… 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
三、结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying… 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的结论是，…
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好
四、举例句型
1.Let's take…to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3.Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of…
6.This offers a typical instance of…
7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…
五、常用于引言段的句型
1.Some people think that … 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2.For years, … has been seen as …， but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3.I believe the title statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe…
5.My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6.Along with the development of…， more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…
7.There is a long-running debate as to whether…有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…
8.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…它通常是认为…
9.As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10.Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
六、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…
七、演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
八、因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
九、段首万能句子
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……
Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?
十、中间段落万能句子
1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……最糟糕的是……
But I don”t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.First，______.What”s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……
There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can______
5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.For one thing，______For another，______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……所有这些方法肯定会……
It is high time that something was done about it.For example._____.In addition._____.All these measures will certainly______.
7.为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10.完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
十一、结尾万能句子
1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that ____.
2.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages.For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that_____.Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5.随着社会的发展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it“s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6.至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____.Only in this way can you _____.
7.对我来说，我认为有必要……原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.The reasons are as follows.First _____.Second ______.Last but not least,______.
8.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______.However, from a personal point of view find______.
9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
英语写作经典句型(1)
例句：
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
1)The reason why 从句 is that 从句 ...的原因是...
例句：
夏天很炙热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t like it.
2)That is the reason why … 那就是...的原因
英语写作经典句型(2)
例句：
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution.
An advantage of … is that 从句 ...的优点是...
英语写作经典句型(3)
例句：
因为他的.鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
Due to / Owing to / Thanks to sth. / doing 因为...
英语写作经典句型(4)
例句：
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
So adj. be 主语 that 从句如此...以致于...
英语写作经典句型(5)
例句：
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不
Adj. as 主语 be, S V… 虽然...但是…
英语写作经典句型(6)
例句：
通过做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
By taking exercise, we can always keep fit.
By doing, … can … 通过/借着...，..能够..
英语写作经典句型(7)
例句：
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
… enable Object(受词) to V ...使..能够..
英语写作经典句型(8)
例句：
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
What a adj. N S V! = How adj. a N S V! 多么...!
英语写作经典句型(9)
例句：
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
On no account can we V =by no means, … 我们绝对不能...
英语作文因果推理法常用句型
1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 因为我们读过这本书，所以我们学到很多。
2. If we read the book, we will learn a lot.如果我们读这本书，我们会学到很多。
3. We read the book;as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.我们读了这本书，因此我们学了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于读了这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.超重的原因是吃得太多。
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.超重是由于吃得太多。
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.吃太多的结果是超重。
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是......
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
英语作文写作万能句
套用万能句子进行写作是最快也是最简单的一种写作方法,只需要把自己会的词汇填入到万能句子当中即可，下面是我收集整理的英语作文写作中的万能句子，有兴趣的朋友可以看一下哦!
第一：英语作文万能句子：开头句型
1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻，…
3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到，…
6.It's generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…
7.It's likely that … 这可能是因为…
8.It's hardly that… 这是很难的……
9.It's hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that…毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that… 更重要的是…
第二：英语作文万能句子：衔接句型
1.A case in point is … 一个典型的例子是…
2.As is often the case…由于通常情况下…
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple.Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But it's a pity that… 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that…对于这一切…… In spite of the fact that…尽管事实……
7.Further, we hold opinion that… 此外，我们坚持认为，…
8.However , the difficulty lies in…然而，困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to… 同样，我们要注意…
10.not(that)…but(that)…不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above…正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is… 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即
第三 英语作文万能句子：结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying… 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…通过数据我们得到的'结论是，…
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好
第四 英语作文万能句子：举例句型
1.Let's take…to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3.Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of…
6.This offers a typical instance of…
7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…
第五 英语作文万能句子：常用于引言段的句型
1.Some people think that … 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2.For years, … has been seen as …， but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3.I believe the title statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
4.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe…
5.My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6.Along with the development of…， more and more…随着……的发展，越来越多…
7.There is a long-running debate as to whether…有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…
8.It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…它通常是认为…
9.As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10.Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
第六 英语作文万能句子：比较和对比的常用句型
英语作文写作过程中，利用万能型句子造句不仅能在提高写作速度，更能体现更正统的语法。中国考研网为大家整理英语作文写作中的万能句子，供大家参考。
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…。
第七：英语作文万能句子：演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
第八 英语作文万能句子：因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2.If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3.We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4.As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
5.The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7.The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8.Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。
议论文的核心问题是逻辑论证,即以翔实的论据和严密的论证表明论点、阐述道理。我精心收集了英语议论文作文万能句子，供大家欣赏学习!
举例句型
1.Let's take…to illustrate this.
2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3.Here is one more example.
4.Take … for example.
5.The same is true of…
6.This offers a typical instance of…
7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…
表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3.A and B differ in…
4.A differs from B in…
5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…
6.Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…
7.A…， on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…
8.While it is generally believed that A …， I believe B…
9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…
11.The most striking difference is that A…， while B…
演绎法常用的句型
1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2.There are many factors that may account for…， but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占…，但以下是最典型的。
3.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4.Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5.The reasons are as follows.
1.正反观点式议论文模板
导入：
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题)
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文：
第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点)
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：
第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点) オ
2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：
第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)
结论：
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ
3.观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)
正文：
第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论：
第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构)
4."How to"类议论文模板：
导入：
第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文：
第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论：
第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
段首万能句子
1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2.俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______.It“s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.
4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……
Nowadays，it is common to ______.Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______.
5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。(www.lz13.cn)它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person.Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……很显然……，但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while.Obviously，______，but why?
导语：议论文是 英语写作 中的一种体裁，下面是我收集整理的英语议论文万能写作模板，希望对你有帮助!
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说......
3.As the proverb says， 正如 谚语 所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
5 .Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
6 .Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...
7 .Its hardly that... 这是很难的......
8 Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
10 .whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…
二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 ( 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……) 4 .But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是。。。
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实...... In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于…
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的… (可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明)
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上
11.However, 然而…
三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来，
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好
四.举例句型
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for thee reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为… 1
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意….这一观点的说法…
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 ( A和B不同的地方是。。。) .
七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 ( 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文)
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. 。。。的理由如下 (可以用来列举理由原因)
八 因果推理法常用句型
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
论文答辩自述英文
在个人成长的多个环节中，大家都经常接触到论文吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的`能力。那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢？以下是我帮大家整理的论文答辩自述英文，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.
The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.
The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.
This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahabs Personality Tragedy.
OK, thats all. Thank you !
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea
The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief
introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can
help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
That’s all.Thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, its show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomens writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation”. The year 2014 represents the 22” anniversary of Angela Carters death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carters works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western womens movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though womens social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carters most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carters life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carters life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to womens freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carters demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语语言文学的论文答辩主要分为两部分：自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题，下面对这两部分进行详细讲解。一、自述(用英语完成)：1、先问好，再开始自述，自述时间为5-10分钟，要简明扼要，必须将自述内容提纲制作成Powerpoint文件。2、主要陈述内容(即Powerpoint文件主要内容)：(1)自己选择这个题目的原因;(2)设计和实施的简单过程(如，商务方向：采用什么方法来搜集信息、资料等);(3)自己论文的主要内容(不要念论文，最好用4、5句话简单介绍论文内容，如，商务方向：做了哪些调查，得出什么结论，计划如何实施项目);(4)仍然存在的问题(如，商务：在实施项目中可能会遇到的风险以及如何解决);3、最好准备相关文字并熟记(答辩时要脱稿陈述，但是可以看PPT文件)。4、语言最好简单清楚，不要直接用论文中内容，应该用解释性的句式，如：When I was designing the lessons, I found that .英语文学论文答辩自我陈述范例：Good morning all the appraiser committee members. I come from *** , majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***.With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.the thesis aims at an elucidation of Lessing's chronological shift in her philosophy from rationalism to irrationalism. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially Lessing's works. Secondly, Comparing to the studies abroad, which extends most than 50 years, the Lessing study in China is relatively new. Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of From Rationalism to Irrationalism-on Doris Lessing's Construction of Dreams in Psychological Fictions as the title of my paper.I hope by studying this short story we can know more about the different arrangements for the dreams and hallucinations in Lessing's works at different period, the thesis aims at an elucidation of Lessing's chronological shift in her philosophy from rationalism to irrationalism.Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .The thesis consists of five sections: the introduction, three chapters of argumentation,and the conclusion.The introduction includes a brief introduction to the writer and the writer's works concerned, the literary review of academic research at home and abroad, the main theory applied in this thesis, and an explanation to the thesis's content, structure and significance.The three chapters of argument consists of 1) an analysis of the coincidental consistency of Lessing's dream construction with Freudian theory; 2) a comparison between the hallucinations in “To Room Nineteen” and the dream images in The Golden Notebook,and an analysis to the distinction between Lessing's and Freud!s understandings on the mechanism of displacement and condensation, on id and superego, and on trauma; and 3) essing's transcendence over psychoanalytic concerns. The last section is brief conclusion of the whole thesis. It restates Lessing's metamorphosis from rationalism to irrationalism.Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!二、回答老师问题(老师用英语提问，学生用英语回答)：1、大约有6-8个问题，时间将持续10-15分钟。2、首先要听清楚问题，如果没有听清，可以要求老师重复问题(可以说pardon之类的话)。 3、回答时首先要态度好，要切题，而且不要保持沉默，不会时可以表示抱歉。 4、常见问题： (1)关于选题：如Why did you choose this topic for your paper 或Why were you interested in this project(2)关于具体部分：商务方向：SWOT,COSTING,FLOWCHART,RISK,STAKEHOLDER,如Do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop 或Do you think this a necessary activity for the project(3)关于背景知识及理论知识：如What does SWOT stand for (商务)(4)关于论文存在的问题：如In the last sentence on page there are some grammatical errors.(5)关于项目或论文将来的发展：如：商务方向：If possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit5、带一份定稿(要与老师们持有的论文页码一致)。6、最后要向老师们表示感谢。
中文摘要性别歧视在不同的社会制度和国家中都不同程度地存在。而作为一种普遍的社会现象，自然会在语言中得到折射。本文介绍了英语中的性别歧视语的种种表现形式，分析了这种现象产生的社会原因和文化根源，并总结了在英语语言运用过程中消除性别歧视的方法,男女一视同仁，但语言是文化的载体，并在人们不断使用的过程中逐渐得到丰富和发展。作为一个地区，一个民族约定俗成的一种表达方式，语言必然会反映出一定的社会价值观念和民族思维方式。性别歧视是以性别为基础而产生的一种社会歧视现象，＆laquo;朗曼英语词典＆raquo;对“性别歧视”的解释是：“以性别为基础的歧视，尤其是男性对女性的偏见。《美国传统字典》的定义是“一种性别成员对另一性别成员，尤其是男性对女性的歧视”。虽然它可以表现为男性对女性的歧视，也可以表现为女性对男性的歧视。但是“性别歧视”通常是对女性的歧视，是人们对女性的偏见和男女社会地位不平等的反映。“女性长期以来被看作是theweakersex/thesecondsex，是男性的陪衬和附属品。即使在标榜人权，平等的西方发达国家中也是如此。而现代女权运动轰轰烈烈的发展形势正是对这一不平等现象的反抗和反映。”【1】（P80）从而在语言中，出现了多种多样的性别歧视语，英语也不例外。一、性别歧视语言现象人际称谓亲昵称谓在西方，男性上司称呼他们的女性下属时可以用一些表示亲密关系的昵称，如sugar，darling，sweetie，girlie;反过来，女性下属却不能用这些昵称来称呼她们的上司，而且女性上司也不能如此来称呼她们的男性职员，可是，生疏男子或非亲密关系的男子却可用昵称来称呼女子，这说明在英美社会女性比男性社会地位低，受到的尊重比男性少。【2】（P74）姓名称谓在西方，女子婚前一般用父姓，婚后改用丈夫的姓，例如：在西方婚礼上，新郎新娘步入教堂时，牧师公布：“Inowpronounceyoumanandwife。”“婚后的男子依旧是man，而婚后的女子则由Miss变成了wife这种现象不乏女权主义者和职业妇女。”【2】（P74）当时的美国总统BillClinton的夫人HilaryRodhamon也在为自己的，即支持已婚女性不仅应当标注夫姓，而且只应当标注夫姓，而不应继续标注父姓。尽管HilaryRodhamon本人是一位女权运动者，但她还是把自己的名字根据丈夫和自己的政治需要，先从HilaryRodhamon改为HilaryRodhamonClinton，最后改为HilaryClinton。但是，不管怎么改，都不能超出如下选择：要么跟父亲姓，要么跟丈夫姓。这种以丈夫的姓冠之于前的称呼，表明妇女出嫁后就成了丈夫的私有财产，是属于丈夫的，因此无法得到与丈夫平等的权利。未婚女性用Miss冠以父姓，已婚的用Mrs。或Lady冠以丈夫的姓氏。指代称谓1）提到男女双方时，双方不是处于平等地位，而是男先女后。Kingandqueen，brotherandsister，fatherandmother，boysandgirls，husbandandwife，AdamandEve，manandwoman，Mr。LucasandhiswifeLouise。2）。一些形式上没有男性标志的词意，人们习惯上把它们当作是男性词看待。英语及其它讲英语国家的人习惯认为professor，doctor，lawyer，surgeon，barrister，magistrate等为男性，当我们听到有人说：Mycousinisaprofessor时，多数人会断定professor为男性。若要说明这些词是女性的，一般可在前面加上woman，lady，female等 修饰语。如：womanprofessor，ladydoctor，femaleworker等，这些所谓的中性词的用法从一个侧面反映出旧社会中地位较高的职业为男子所垄断，相反地teacher，nurse，secretary，model等人们一般认为是女性，如为男性时前面要加上male或是man，如：malenurse，manteacher。这些习惯除了历史现实情况有关，也可以说是一种社会偏见。词语发展首先，表面上对应的词，含义却往往褒男贬女在英语中往往通过对女性名词的恶化来达到性别歧视的目的。几乎所有的女性名词都带有贬义，如queen，lady，mistress，madam等，其贬义为“雌猫”、“情妇”、以及“鸨母”等，而与之对应的king，lord，master，father等词，如将他们的起首字母大写即可升格为“上帝”、“基督”、“主”、“神”等意义。其次，英语中常用一些动物的名称来指称某些女性。比如：bat（贱妇，丑妇，妓女）;dog（丑妇，贱妇，没有成就的女人，妓女）;chicken（见面熟的年轻女人）;cat（恶妇，包藏祸心的女人，可卑的女人）;cow（子女多的女人，肥胖而不整洁的女人，经常怀孕的女人，妓女）;mutton（放荡的女人，做少女妆扮的老妇女，妓女）。并且，英语中还有一些带有轻视色彩，专指中老年妇女的词汇。比如：trot（老太婆）;hen（爱管闲事或嘴碎的中年妇女）;warhorse（粗声大气，肥胖固执的女人）;crone（干瘪皱皮的老太婆）;hag（爱做坏事的老丑妇）;witch（老丑妇）;biddy（长舌妇）;harridan（面容枯槁，脾气急躁的老妇）。谚语运用理性类宋朝黄六鸿《福惠全书，弄名部》载：“妇人水性杨花，焉得不为所动”，诋毁女子“用情不专”，“缺乏理性”，在英语中就有相类似的谚语。Longhairandshortwit。（头发长，见识短） Whenanassclimbsaladder，wemayfindwisdominwomen。（若要女子有才智，除非毛驴攀上树）言及女子“感情游移”“二三其德”的有：Awoman’smindandwinterwindchangealot。>Women，windandfortuneareeverchanging。>婚嫁类Afairfaceishalfaportion。Whenthecandlesareout，allwomenarefair。Daughtersanddeadfisharenokeepingwares。>Marryyoursonwhenyouwill，yourdaughterwhenyoucan。>Therearemanygoodwomen，it’strue;buttheyareintheirgraves。>Hethathasawhitehorseandafairwifeneverwantstrouble。>性情类一代文豪莎士比亚曾云：“弱者，你的名字是女人”弱女子的典型形象特征是“泪水涟涟”。Womanismadetoweep。（女子生来好哭）Nothingdriessofastasawoman’stears。>Womanismadeofglass。>Glassandlassesarebrittlewares。>职业中的性别歧视许多表示职业的名词，如engineer，pilot，scientist，writer，doctor，pilot，scientist，engineer，pilot等对男女都适用，本来是中性词汇，本身没有性的区别。“由于历史上男性长期占据社会主导地位，人们习惯把它们与男性联系起来。”【3】（P210）如要非凡指女性从事相同职业时，往往在前面加上female，womanlady，从而使女性职业名词在外在的形式上呈现出“有标志性”，如womandoctor，femalepilot，womanscientist，womanlawyer等。而行业名称冠以男性标记反而不符合语言习惯，但男保姆、男护士除外。只有一些地位较底的职业，如nurse，secretary等，传统上让人联想到女性，而与男性无缘。这种习惯除了与历史和现实有关，也可以说是一种性别歧视。二、英语语言中性别歧视现象产生的原因、历史原因在西方文化传统中，男性一直被认为富于创造力。在《圣经》里，创造世界的耶和华为男性，而耶和华创造的亚当亦是男性，亚当的妻子夏娃只不过是亚当一条肋骨的衍化物，这一传统观念就把创造力固定在男人身上，后人便有了“男性的特质是创造力的天赋”的说法。并且在圣经《创世纪》关于上帝造人的神话成了语言起源学说的联想依据。“在他们看来，既然上帝造了亚当这天下第一个男人，语言中的“性”范畴就应将阳性置于首位。假如把两者的顺序颠倒过来，就不符合语言习惯。”【4】（P132）英语语法并没有规定“先男后女”的语序，但人们在长期的言语习惯中，大都以男为先，女为后，女性只能是跟随在男性后面的第二性别。男先女后的语序是如此常见，以至于反过来如说womanandman，sheorhe等则会令人感到不习惯。、社会原因性别歧视的根源可以追溯到史前时代男女所扮演的性别角色。由于男性的肌肉比女性肌肉发达，又不生育，于是他们担当起打猎、耕作的角色，妇女体弱、要生育，所以负责照顾孩子、料理家庭、采集食物等。那时，男女角色虽然不同，但还没有一方价值高于另一方的观念。“随着社会生产力的不断发展，男子逐渐从事更多的农业生产活动，占据了主导地位，妇女的地位随供给食物能力的降低而下降。”【5】（P113）到了中世纪时期，妇女由于能生养孩子，能为土地所有者生养合法继续人，她们成了地主丈夫的宝贵财产。为了使妇女处于这样的地位，统治者便借助法律令女性屈服和受制于丈夫，于是，各种约束妇女的各种社会规范和习俗开始形成。在漫长的父系社会里，妇女地位低下，依附男性，受制于男性，这种观念逐渐根深蒂固，被人们视为理所当然。直到二十世纪，妇女的地位有了很大的改善，但是社会化偏见是在社会化的过程中，通过社会群体，父母，亲友，伙伴的言传身教和大众传媒获得的。人们对女性的歧视和偏见也是从父母，亲友或群体的交往中直接获得的，或通过大众传媒获得的。在英语中，受传统观念的影响，对女性的语言歧视已经成为了一种恶性循环。比如，人们一看到或听到“virgin”和“prostitute”这两个词，首先想到的就是“处女”和“妓女”的意思，而很少想到它们还分别可用于指“处男”和“男娼”。、生理原因记的有人写道：在医院的育婴室里，每个刚出生的婴儿的小床上都有说明性别的标记，上面清楚写着：“Iamaboy”或“Itisagirl”。这里男孩的称呼是I，而女孩却用it。在婴儿还不知道什么是语言时，而在他们的身上已深深打上了文化和语言的印记。在英语中用男性物主代词his指代包括女性在内的任何人的现象也不胜枚举。例如Haseveryonecompletedhisassignment？还有Everyoneshoulddohisbestontheexam。这里的his已经包括了女性在内。虽然女性享有就业、选举、教育等等同男性一样的权利，然而女性仍然处于社会的边缘，被认为是“弱者”（theweakersex）和“他者”（theother）;男性始终占据主导地位。”【6】（P210）根据1980年的联合国统计，男性拥有世界资源的99%，而女性拥有的资源不到1%。“因此说，对女性的歧视与偏见有长期的社会历史根源。”【6】（P219）三、消除英语语言中性别歧视的方法随着社会的发展和妇女社会地位的不断提高，尤其是随着美国女权运动的高涨，消除语言中的性别歧视的呼声越来越高。这其中核心问题有两个：如何直接剔除语言中的性别歧视词；如何消除第三人称代词泛指而引起的性别歧视问题。我们从英语性别歧视词的转换方式和如何选用恰当的人称代词来消除性别歧视问题的对策这几个方面来进行介绍和讨论。、性别歧视词转换成无性别歧视词的方法1尽量使用那些包括两性在内的词，即无性别歧视词，女性不能只作为女性说话，男性也不能只作为男性说话。要走出性歧视的误区，出路在于语言的中性化.