发布时间：
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。
译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。
主要标准
翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。
世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、F.W.纽曼、J.B.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、Fr.R.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。
字迹多少是没有固定的要求的，不多不少是最可以的，然后的话就要看您的期刊啦，
是的 必须的 字数各学校和专业要求不一样 3万字吧 理工科硕士毕业论文，仅正文总要50页左右吧（不含封面、摘要、目录、致谢、附录什么的）。
一般3-5万字之间，文学一般是三万字，理科相以应的多点，所有硕士论文都是要过论文检测的，比对的是一百年内所有专业的所有论文，每十一个相拟就开始算相拟，不能超过百分之三十，否则延迟毕业。
1、一般字数是指正文字数，即第一章到最后一章，不含摘要、目录、致谢、参考文献、附录等，说的是字数而不是字符数，比如3万字毕业论文，就是3万字的汉字，不包括标点和空格。
2、硕士毕业论文不单有字数要求还有页数要求，页数在60-80页之间就可以，这也是指的正文部分，同样不包括摘要、目录、致谢、参考文献、附录等。
3、参考文献篇数一般不少于40篇，在其中外文参考文献不少于20篇，参考文献中近五年的文献数一般不少于总数的三分之一，而且还要用近两年的参考文献，参考文献在正文中要有引用标注。
硕士论文格式规范说明：
1、页面设置：
用微软word排版，A4纸型，左右边距2.5cm；正文行距为固定值16磅，其它均为单倍行距。
2、论文题目：
小2号黑体居中。标题不超过20个字。段前10mm。
3、作者姓名：
多作者属不同单位时，在姓名上标上与单位序号（见下条）对应的数字上标，姓名之间用逗号隔开，之间空两格；4号宋体居中。段前8mm。
4、作者单位：
多单位时，单位名称前标上序号，之间用分号隔开。且要在对应单位的作者名上加上对应的序号上标。一个单位不用标序号。小5号宋体居中。段前单倍行距。
5、摘要：
“摘要”二字中间一个空格并加粗，加冒号，放在摘要正文段首。摘要内容为小5号宋体。段前8mm，段落左右缩进2个汉字，单倍行距。
6、关键词：
“关键词”3个字，小5号宋体加粗，加冒号。关键词之间用分号隔开。小5号宋体。段落左右缩进2个汉字。关键词与摘要之间空1行。
Chinese abstract Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1809-1847) were the 19th century romanticism time Germany renowned composers, the pianist, the conductor, enjoys international fame first-class virtuoso. His work style element by exquisite smooth, fresh bright, noble elegant is famous, manifests classicism rigorous and the romanticism fantasy disposition union, the content and the form highly unified esthetics principle. The composer does without authorization Yu Cong to live and in the nature derives the creation inspiration, therefore, Mendelssohn is honored as in music “to express feelings landscape painting master”. 5 symphonies hold the important position in Mendelssohn's entire music creation, has manifested his creation level and the artistic style omni-directionally. In his symphony, manifests the religious mood and the nationality believes, individual emotion and the foreign land character and style theme, in aspects and so on creation technique, artistic style, esthetics idea forms its unique style. This thesis take the Delphi pine fourth Italy symphony as the object of study, through analyzes this work thoroughly the creation background, the musical form subject, the creation style, explains this work finally the true value and makes the artistic localization for it. The paper by the introduction, the main text and the conclusion is composed. In the introduction, to the selected topic significance, domestic and foreign to Mendelssohn and the work research present situation, this thesis's innovation and the research technique carries on the summary introduction. The main text divides into five parts: The first part through to Mendelssohn's biography, the twists and turns which experiences in the history carries on profoundly to it knew again; The second part has made the outline introduction to Mendelssohn's five symphony's creation situations and the creation characteristic; The third part to the Italian symphony's creation background, the course, the draft manuscript question has done the deep research; The fourth part to the Italian symphony's musical form, the subject, the content has carried on the comprehensive work analysis; The fifth part from poetic appeal, picture Italy, Le Yun perfect unification; Follows the classical tradition, pours into the romantic breath; The structure balanced symmetrical, the technique succinct concise three aspects elaborate this symphony creation technique and the artistic style.The conclusion part has made the overall appraisal and the historical localization to the Mendelssohn Italy symphony. key word: Mendelssohn, symphony, Italian symphony, music analysis, artistic style
Class Meeting is important form of class activities, main channel and effective means of class education and the main front of moral education in schools.With the coming of internet time, people's values, world view, moral philosophy, attitudes to life and way of life are changed enormously. Educators must self-adjusting with the times and actively adapt to the network environment, the pace of new developments and requirements. At present, There are some not compatible with the network environment issues in primary and secondary class meetings. So schools must stands on the high degree of development to overall coordinate and remodel the function of class meeting and organize special training, improve class teacher professionalism, carry out research on class meeting, come up with improvement policy to increase relevance and timeliness of education and educate adolescent with modern ideological and moral quality.This article uses literature, case studies, questionnaire surveys and comparative analysis to research. At first, it analyzes the effect of internet environment on class meeting and makes overall grasp of main features, the main function of the type commonly used, theoretical basis and principles of organization in class meeting under the effect of internet environment. Then this article makes research on the current situation of class meeting and makes an conclusion that class meeting has problems of vague educational goals, subject content is removed from students practice, less creative on design, low student participation, Emotional interaction not in place, etc. At last, this article comes up with four policies of improving class meeting, that is, specific class meeting goals to improve ideological and moral system of students under the network environment; comply with characteristics of the network environment to break through the bottleneck of class meeting; carry out specific school-based training to improve the quality of class meeting; create a good atmosphere to improve the status of class meeting.看看能不能帮上你 呵呵 我自己翻译的 见笑了
Felix & # 8226; Mendelssohn & # 8226; (1809-1847 the composers who are that 19 centuries Germany the romantic period is famous , pianists, command Bartholdy Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy) to be a music great master enjoy international reputation first rate. His characteristic style of works is plain use graceful fluent, Qing Xin elegant but celebrated , embodies out classicism rigorous and romantism fantasy to look at and appraise union , highly unified aesthetics of content and form principle bright and cheerful , elitist. The composer is expert in drawing creation inspiration among secondary life and nature, therefore, Mendelssohn "is expressed emotion by the reputation for music hits the target landscape painting great master ". 5 symphonic music occupies important position in Mendelssohn's entire music creation, all-direction the creation level having embodied him and artistic style. In his symphonic music, embody the put up religion feelings and nation belief , personal emotion and foreign country amorous feeling creation subject , all form whose unique style in the field of , aesthetics idea creating the technical skill , artistic style etc.This proposition takes Deersongdi four Italys symphonic music as object of study , fixes position by the fact that thorough analysis owing work subject creating background , the musical form , realness creating style , understanding and explaining that work ultimately value and being that the person assumes art. The thesis is composed of foreword , text and concluding remarks. The summarization in the foreword, being in progress to selected topic significance , home and abroad building opposite Deersong and their work go into current situation , proposition point being innovative and research method is introduced. Text is five parts mark: Part I is known again by all one's life of building opposite Deersong , the depth being in progress to the person in twists and turns experienced by in history; Five symphonic music creation condition and creation characteristic of Part II building opposite Deersong has made essentials introduce that; Background , course , manuscript problem have assumed the Part III creation to Italy symphonic music studying in a deepgoing way; The all-round work having been in progress to Italy symphonic music musical form , subject , content analyses Part IV; Part V draws intention from poetry, laughs because the rhyme consummation is unified; Abide by classical allusion tradition , pour romantic breath in; Structure balance is symmetrical , gimmick is concise creation gimmick and artistic style concise three aspect set forth this symphonic music. Concluding remarks part building opposite Deersong Italy symphonic music has done population valuation and history allocation.希望可以帮助你
Felix Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn, BaTuoErDi (Bartholdy 1809-1847) is in the 19th century romanticism Germany renowned composer and pianist and conductor, is the first-class international repute music masters. His style is pure and fresh and smooth, beautiful great-great-great-grandson is known, elegant, which reflects the classical preciseness and romantic fantasy combining, contents and forms highly unified aesthetic principles. Composer and good learn from life and nature, therefore, the creation inspiration of music is known as Mendelssohn "lyric landscape master".5 the music in his symphony plays an important role in the creation, omni-directional reflects his creation and artistic style. In his symphony, reflects religious feelings and beliefs, personal feelings and exotic theme in art creation, techniques and styles, and aesthetic concept formed its unique aspects of style.This thesis to loosen the fourth symphony of Italy's as the research object, the works through in-depth analysis of the background, the musical theme, style, and ultimately interpret the real value of the work for the art and positioning. By introduction, text and conclusion. In the preface to subject to its significance, and the present research work about Mendelssohn, the topic of the innovations and research methods are summarized. Text is divided into five parts: the first part of his life, through which the experience in the history of its profound understanding turns, The second part of the five symphony of his creation and creative features Outlines, The third part of Italy symphony of the background and history, the research question manuscripts, The fourth part of Italy symphony of melody, theme, the content of the overall work analysis, The fifth part, picture, classics from the perfect and unified, Follow the classical tradition, romance, Structural balanced symmetrical, concise concise gimmick on three aspects the symphony of creation and artistic style. The Italy symphony of Mendelssohn made overall evaluation and historical orientation.Keywords: Mendelssohn, symphony, Italy symphony, music, art style
超严。本研究以2012年到2017年翻译硕士毕业论文为基础，在中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，简称CNKI）数据库博硕士论文库内通过高级检索的方法，选取哲学与人文科学，社会科学I辑和社会科学II辑学科领域，检索全文字段为翻译硕士并含毕业论文的相关文章，统计数据截至2018年1月31日。至检索截止日，CNKI收录2012年到2017年相关翻译硕士毕业论文共937篇，剔除学位不符（如博士毕业论文），专业不符（如公共管理、英语语言文学等专业）及语言领域不符（如俄语、日语翻译硕士等专业）论文共213篇，最终符合小组研究课题的毕业论文共计724篇。
查询国外学位论文的途径可使用PQDD-B（UMI博硕士论文数据库）：
可查询欧美1000余所大学1861年以来的160多万篇学位论文的信息，其中1997年以来的部分论文不但能看到文摘索引，还可以看到前24页的原文。
另外总结了几个查找国外文献的途径，与大家分享，如果您有更好的查找方法，欢迎补充。
一、x-mol
直接在百度搜索x-mol，这里可以查找到很多文献，好多都是可以直接下载，即使无法下载，也可以看到其doi，复制其doi去百度学术、谷歌搜索、sci-hub、web of science之类的网站搜索即可。基本思想就是找文献的doi，然后下载。
二、Already Have Keywords
假如你已经拥有了你想要寻找的文献关键词，那么你可以直接进入谷歌学术、sci-hub、ProQuest等的网站直接搜索。
三、Pay Attention to Foreign Universities
最后，我们还可以关注国外综合类大学的硕博士毕业论文，比如普林斯顿、耶鲁、麻省理工、斯坦福、（加州）伯克利等等。不过在翻译硕博士论文时，由于硕博士论文篇幅太长，大家一定要做好论文阅读攻略，否则可能会耗时很久翻译一篇文章，但结果却事与愿违。
北京译顶科技聚集了各行各业的优秀译员，能提供英、法、俄、德等32种语种的交互翻译，价格透明且低于市场价40%左右。作为一个专业的人工翻译平台
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和 正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《 汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。论文正文（1） 引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出问题- 论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤；d. 结论。参考文献一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。论文装订论文的有关部分全部抄清完了，经过检查，再没有什么问题，把它装成册，再加上封面。论文的封面要朴素大方，要写出论文的题目、学校、科系、指导教师姓名、作者姓名、完成年月日。论文的题目的作者姓名一定要写在表皮上，不要写里面的补页上。 论文著作权实行自愿登记，论文不论是否登记，作者或其他著作权人依法取得的著作权不受影响。我国实行作品自愿登记制度的在于维护作者或其他著作权人和作品使用者的合法权益，有助于解决因著作权归属造成的著作权纠纷，并为解决著作权纠纷提供初步证据。 (1)文后参考文献不编序号,仅在文末按其重要程度或参考的先后顺序排列。 (2)文后参考文献不注页码。(3)文后参考文献的著录项目及次序与注释基本相同。 1) 著录参考文献可以反映论文作者的科学态度和论文具有真实、广泛的科学依据，也反映出该论文的起点和深度。2) 著录参考文献能方便地把论文作者的成果与前人的成果区别开来。 3)著录参考文献能起索引作用。 4) 著录参考文献有利于节省论文篇幅。 5) 著录参考文献有助于科技情报人员进行情报研究和文摘计量学研究。a．报告[序号]主要责任者．文献题名[文献类型标识]．出版地：出版者，出版年．b．期刊文章[序号]主要责任者．文献题名[J]．刊名，年，卷(期)． 何龄修．读顾城《南明史》[J]．中国史研究，1998(3)．c．论文献[序号]析出文献主要责任者．析出文献题名 [A]．原文献主要责任者(任选)．原文献题名[C]．出版地：出版者，出版年． 瞿秋白．现代文明的问题与社会主义[A]．罗荣渠．从西化到现代化[C]．北京：北京大学出版社，1990．d．报纸文章
百度翻译和CNKI 是相当不错的参考，真正意义的翻译软件是没有任何翻译功能的摘要翻译交给职业翻译做的话，效率更高，准确度更高，一般都可以一次性通过审核
论文摘要英语翻译软件的话估计百度、有道、cnki翻译助手。
但是对于英文不熟悉、专业词汇不熟悉估计也难翻译。
译文：abstract
英［＇æbstrækt］
释义：
adj.纯理论的；抽象的；抽象派的
n.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念；抽象派艺术作品
v.摘要；提取；抽象化；退出；转移；使心不在焉
［复数：abstracts；第三人称单数：abstracts；现在分词：abstracting；过去式：abstracted；过去分词：abstracted；比较级：more abstract；最高级：most abstract］
短语：
abstract algebra［数］抽象代数；近世代数；［数］抽象代数学；代数结构
扩展资料：
词语辨析：summary，abstract，digest，outline，resume
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
1、summary普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
2、abstract指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
3、digest侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
4、outline指配以释议文字的提纲。
5、resume源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
Class Meeting is important form of class activities, main channel and effective means of class education and the main front of moral education in schools.With the coming of internet time, people's values, world view, moral philosophy, attitudes to life and way of life are changed enormously. Educators must self-adjusting with the times and actively adapt to the network environment, the pace of new developments and requirements. At present, There are some not compatible with the network environment issues in primary and secondary class meetings. So schools must stands on the high degree of development to overall coordinate and remodel the function of class meeting and organize special training, improve class teacher professionalism, carry out research on class meeting, come up with improvement policy to increase relevance and timeliness of education and educate adolescent with modern ideological and moral quality.This article uses literature, case studies, questionnaire surveys and comparative analysis to research. At first, it analyzes the effect of internet environment on class meeting and makes overall grasp of main features, the main function of the type commonly used, theoretical basis and principles of organization in class meeting under the effect of internet environment. Then this article makes research on the current situation of class meeting and makes an conclusion that class meeting has problems of vague educational goals, subject content is removed from students practice, less creative on design, low student participation, Emotional interaction not in place, etc. At last, this article comes up with four policies of improving class meeting, that is, specific class meeting goals to improve ideological and moral system of students under the network environment; comply with characteristics of the network environment to break through the bottleneck of class meeting; carry out specific school-based training to improve the quality of class meeting; create a good atmosphere to improve the status of class meeting.看看能不能帮上你 呵呵 我自己翻译的 见笑了
写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。
介绍背景知识时，要用一般现在时，例如：
Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.
叙述研究现状时，也可以用一般现在时，例如：
This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.
叙述研究结果时，大多数用一般过去时，例如：
Our text achieved the possibility above.
Theme party is an important form of class activities, classes and effective means of education and moral education work in school is main position.As the network age, people's values and outlook, moral philosophy and attitude to life and existence is changed, the education workers must adjust, advancing with The Times and adapt to the new situation under network environment and development. Currently, the primary class cannot exist with the network environment problems. Therefore, the school must stand in the development, all-round, coordinated and reshape the banner, organization of special training, improve the quality of teacher professional class, improve strategy research, thereby improving pertinence and effectiveness of moral education, cultivate modern moral qualities of youth.Using the method of documentary, questionnaire survey method, the case study and comparison analysis. Firstly, the analysis of the network environment on the effect of class under the network environment, the main characteristics of the class, the main function, commonly used types and theoretical basis and organizational principle. Then for class status surveys, summed up now, class education target, vague existing content from students' practical and creative design, the student participation owed is not high, the emotional interaction such problems, and finally put forward four, improve class strategies, clear goal, the class under the network environment, perfect the juvenile moral system, Network environment characteristics, the breakthrough with banner development bottleneck, Develop school-based training, improve the special class quality, To create a good atmosphere, improve class status..........5分给你翻译....