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The Graduation Project Manual describes the packaging of Ding Yi face cream to cover the whole process of mold design. The first is the physical measurement of face cream covered package size, use of the current mainstream CAD software Pro / E three-dimensional modeling of products, re-use Pro / E Mold Design module of the product sub-module design. Plastic parts and then by analyzing the quality and appearance of the appearance of the structural characteristics of the die structure design. The use of the mold gate feed points, the use of column-oriented direct introduction, putting the completion of release, and molds to choose the materials. The structure of such a design work to ensure that reliable operation die. Finally, the structure of the mold injection machine with a matching check, and a set of AutoCAD drawing die assembly drawings and parts diagram. 选我
Precision injection molding technology of progress Abstract: The polymer precision injection molding technology, impact on precision injection molding of factors, including the precision molds, injection molding machine control accuracy, precision injection process control and other computer control technology. These factors were discussed, and give the relevant solutions, finally introduces some advanced molding technology. Key words: precision injection; injection molding machine precision injection technology; Precision Injection Mold In recent years, as electronics, telecommunications, medical, automotive, and other industries of the rapid development of the high-precision plastic products, and high-performance requirements of growing precision molding technology to continue to progress, new technologies continue to emerge. Precision injection molding products not only require high dimensional accuracy, and low warpage, to write good, but there should also be excellent optical properties. Injection molding is the most important one of the plastic molding methods, including plastics plastics, injection, packing, cooling, and some of the basic process, thus affecting the precision injection molding of many factors. 1, precision molds To produce sophisticated products, precision molds is essential. Die Die in general, the accuracy of the temperature control, mold and die design precision manufacturing, use of plastic shrinkage rate impacts. 1.1 Precision Mold temperature control In general precision injection molding of parts, control mold temperature is to increase productivity. However mold temperature control for precision injection molding of great impact, it affects parts of the contraction, shape, crystallization, such as stress, hot and cold circuit design mold temperature distribution at the request reasonable, precise control accuracy, a die temperature of the best and Lengshuiji control. Mold temperature control and cooling time on the products and their impact on performance of the following factors: (1) melt plastic injection molds and a two-cycle time will be produced in the mold temperature difference fluctuations, and should therefore be to minimize the volatility differential peak. (2) the heat transfer Die Die Die heat through the concrete and die in the transfer out of the media, mold is changed, the media control is the key, the general import and export of its cooling water temperature difference is less than 1 ℃ Application of theory to calculate the average temperature, which can guarantee the stability of heat transfer. Media flow and heat transfer are interlinked, mould surface temperature can be used to control the media flow sensor to compensate for environmental temperature changes caused by mold temperature changes. (3) To enable stable Die Die by the heat absorption and dissemination of balance, the injection molding machine to melt injection to strictly maintain a stable temperature. Die surrounding temperature on the mold had a great impact on the general will be affected to die within the melt convection coefficient of change, so the best set up in the mold surface temperature sensor, die at any time observation of the surface temperature, and keep it stable. (4) changes in the efficiency of heat exchange with mold after a long time in the cooling water pipes and Youban appears in the scale, then the interface to reduce the thermal conductivity should furring timely clearance. 1.2 Precision Die Design and Manufacture Die design is good or bad is to ensure the dimensional accuracy of plastic parts premise, in order to enhance the accuracy of precision injection mold, in the process of designing a computer-aided analysis is necessary, especially for gating system and the flow of heat-conditioning systems mold temperature distribution the analysis. Applications should be as much as possible the use of simulation software and close to the actual loading conditions to melt in the mold simulation analysis in the pouring, cooling, and other non-steady-state process. Die manufacturing quality assurance plastic parts Size is the key to accuracy, precision die is the main characteristic of the manufacturing and assembly operations in addition to polishing, are no manual processing. Die general machining and manual processing ratio is about 6:4 to 7:3, and the machining precision molds and manual processing ratio of 9:1. Die materials and heat treatment is the protection of precision molds in the molding process, the die temperature in the state, which even the mould parts tempered by low temperature, high temperature melt production and will repeat parts tempering而使lower hardness, Consideration should also be given retained austenite caused by the volume expansion. Therefore general tempering temperature should be at least molding processing, more than double the die temperature and low-temperature processing is carried out properly in order to eliminate residual austenite. On the high-precision products for Molding precision parts, assembly accumulated precision die in the direction of the accuracy of the sub-surface as well as the parallel degree should achieve micron level. Mold should have sufficient strength, stiffness and abrasion resistance, in the injection molding deformation under the pressure of hard wear. To achieve the above processing can be three-dimensional precision machining centers, CNC machine tool and application of CAD / CAM / CAE and other new technologies. 1.3 precision molds design shrinkage rate of use Thermoplastic plastic molding shrinkage volatile, to mold design, identify and control products cavity size dimensional accuracy difficult. Therefore, in plastic mold design should understand the characteristics and contraction caused by the shape of the parts of the difference in the rate of contraction site, and then use the necessary compensation measures. On the high-precision plastic parts can be manufactured in the design before simple mold, measured molding to the various parts of the actual shrinkage rate, this can greatly enhance the dimensional accuracy of parts. 1.4, the design of precision molds gate Gate type, size, location and quantity of all affected parts dimensional accuracy. At the gate of the jet, but the effects of poor feeding, thick-walled parts do not apply. Gate position and the flow of impact melt flow distance, the longer the process of the greater contraction. Multi-gate process can be shortened, but increasing weld marks. Gate parts should be designed in accordance with the size and the choice of materials and the use of software to help finalize practical experience. 2, the best precision injection molding process parameters set Choose the best molding process parameters to reduce plastic shrinkage rate. Plastic is that the contraction of the heat shrinkable plastic, elastic recovery, plastic deformation, contraction after contraction and a comprehensive reflection of aging, usually caused by absorbent material or molecular chain rearrangement caused, the specific performance linear shrinkage rate and volume contraction rate changes in value of common contraction said. Thermoplastic plastic injection molding products shrinkage volatile, particularly for crystalline plastics injection molding products even more obvious, and not only depend on the degree of crystallinity due to the chemical structure, but also by the process of cooling parameters (cooling rate, the melt temperature, mold temperature , product thickness) the impact of the mold cavity size and design determine the size precision control products and difficulties, there is an urgent need to be aware of parameters on the injection molding of plastic shrinkage rate of the impact of the law. Part of the difference in thickness is generally believed that the two factors: First, high-pressure melt the mold cavity caused minor deformation of a die when the elastic modulus material after the expansion. Generally speaking, quality control and accuracy can be very good dimensional accuracy, and at a higher temperature, mold low melt viscosity, viscosity smaller gradient, in a certain screw back pressure, the quality of precision parts can be accurately controlled. But for liquid crystal polymer (LCP), it just needs a lower mold temperature, it is because cold LCP case will be promptly after cooling amorphous. LCP have low melting heat and orderly structure of the state, in the liquid crystalline state to change between crystalline solid, smaller changes, when fully cooling, the liquid - solid transition is almost complete in an instant. Die in the colder, when a cavity, the cavity material and the bulk of gate has been cured, it is very difficult stage compression added melt, thus parts and the size of the cavity size of the deformation is very close. Plastic amorphous than crystalline plastics low shrinkage with a mixture of contraction rate of low-polymer materials, elastomers at the same time as the increase of the content, materials shrinkage rate decrease. The enhanced or plastic filling, heat capacity decrease stiffness increased significantly reduce shrinkage and fiber filler content or higher, the smaller the rate of contraction. Crystalline precision plastic products also affected by pressure. As pressure crystallization of the role of injection pressure (P1), the packing pressure (P2) and the feeding pressure (P3) to speed up the crystallization process, crystallization of the P1, P2, P3, the increase in upward trend. For P1, the pressure to improve the crystallization of the degree of crystallinity, the contraction rate of increase rose P2 and P3, on the one hand because of the degree of crystallinity increased shrinkage rate increase, on the other hand increased to P2 more pressure to melt, the type cavity has been fully compacted plastic; P3-feed increased to increase, and effectively prevent reflux is conducive to reducing shrinkage. Therefore, the plastic parts of the shrinkage rate is the result of both, with the shrinkage of P1, P2, P3, the first increases and then decreases increased. Precision plastic parts requires not only a stable size tolerances, but also requires strict mechanical properties. These characteristics mainly depend on the cooling phase of the melt in the heat - mechanical role of the historical process. Mold temperature and cooling time on the quality of products and have a direct impact on productivity. Study found that, given the die temperature, the dimensional accuracy of products with the cooling time is not the extension has been significantly improved, and only in a certain period of time, after a prominent role. In general cooling process in such a critical point in time there are two cooling, cooling time in the first point although production products also higher accuracy, but it is not the most stable state, and the second point-in-time cooling cooling relatively long time, However, the products enable the most stable state. 3, using precision injection molding machine to replace conventional injection molding machine Precision injection molding machine generally larger injection power, in addition to such injection pressure and injection to meet the requirements in terms of speed, power itself will be on the injection products improve the accuracy of a certain role. Precision injection molding machine control systems generally have high control precision, it is requested by the products themselves. High accuracy can be guaranteed control of injection process parameters has good accuracy, precision products in order to avoid fluctuations due process parameters change. Therefore precision injection molding machine generally of the injection, injection pressure, injection rate and pressure-pressure, back-pressure and screw speed process parameters such as a multi-level feedback control. Precision Injection requirements of its modulus system has sufficient rigidity, accuracy or products will be a model for the elastic deformation decreased. Second-Die-Die of the system must be able to accurately control the size, or too large or too small a model of precision products will have an adverse impact. So in the design, it should be considered Die rigidity, stiffness, as well as a model system in order to accurately control the size of the precision products, especially flat-panel thin-wall products. When Die larger, must-oriented column deflection check. Precision injection molding machine also must be able to work in the hydraulic circuit precise temperature control, work to prevent the oil due to temperature changes caused viscosity and flow changes, further injection process parameters leading to fluctuations而使products would lose their accuracy. 3.1 parts molding cycle time consistency General typical injection molding machine with three modes: manual, semi-automatic and fully automatic. As the influence of various factors, each of the previous two models molding cycle time may be different, it would affect the temperature and materials to die in the Liaodong stay, thereby affecting the accuracy of parts, in precision Molding should try to use the automatic mode. 3.2 precision injection molding machine screw temperature control and the design of new Injection Molding Machine cylinder automatic thermostat on the cycle of opening and customs led to the Liaodong, melting material density and viscosity changes, thereby affecting the quality and dimensional accuracy of parts of the cyclical fluctuations in the injection molding machine nozzle close to Die Therefore, the temperature of the nozzle molded parts also have a significant impact on. Modern injection molding machine equipped with a special process control software to control temperature fluctuation, which is proportional integral differential (P ID) control. At least from the barrel temperature difference galvanic point perspective, the P ID parameter optimization can completely eliminate temperature fluctuations. To the quality and stability of the plastic parts, plastics injection molding machine unit is very important. To the plastics unit is an important standard to judge: injection volume, plastics rate, injection rate, the polymers in the plastics unit at the time. As the quality of plastic parts for the dimensional accuracy error of a very important impact, and it should be precise injection control of the injection molding machine. Improve measurement precision injection molding machine of the most effective ways is to use technology to achieve the smallest screw diameter, especially for the light parts especially. The measurement of the relative screw length and the overall length of screw smaller, in the plastics materials unit at the time also become shorter. Screw thread is similar to widening the materials can be avoided stay longer so that the screw and stable operation. Lo deep groove width than correspondingly smaller, which create a lot of engineering plastics parts of the small diameter screw particularly effective. Melt homogeneity and are not small compression ratio decreases, it is because from the very shallow groove Lo caused very strong result of the shear rate. Feeding the difficulty of the design, it must ensure that all aggregates can be fed into evenly. Considering the need to shorter cycles, plastics rate must also be big enough, in the design of the feed must be effectively resolved the contradiction between. In addition, if adopted by a two-stage injection screw to achieve precise control injection error, which requires the measurement of the melt through spherical valve detected by injection to injection molding machine in the Detroit injection molding machine. Before microprocessor controlled by the injection molding process can not be obtained through injection precision voltage comparator has been successfully resolved. Voltage comparator allows Transmitter and other sensitive came with the very precise voltage signal passed, and when the set point appears to be following the true value of a timely signal immediately transmitted to the microprocessor control of the order, by order of the cycle of operational procedures Asynchronous from time to time through a direct transfer of the signal process to eliminate, greatly improving the control accuracy. 4, precision molding technology 4.1 in the mold injection-compression molding applications (ICM) technology ICM technology is the means to open a certain distance die under the conditions of the beginning injection, injection to a certain amount, the mold cavity beginning of the closure of the melt compression, injection mold completely closed at the termination, and then packing, cooling until the removal products. Through injection-compression molding of compression products to compaction, making products on the surface of uniform pressure distribution, the compaction products such size high accuracy and stability, small deformation. It is in the mould open circumstances melt into the cavity and, therefore, mobile channel, for the low pressure injection molding, and reduce or eliminate the pressure caused by the resin-molecular orientation of the stress and products, which improve products, dimensional stability. ICM technology and flexible control capability than the injection mould has greatly improved. Therefore use of this technology can produce more precision parts, especially the high-precision cylindrical-shaped parts. 4.2 high-speed injection molding High-speed injection molding method of filling melts faster rate than the traditional 10 to 100 times, melt in the mold cavity to produce high shear flow, decrease viscosity, injection speed, slow down plastic surface hardening, thus improving thin Forming products wall thickness limit, inhibit excessive molding pressure, as well as because of the low-voltage mobile mode, the products reduce stress. The thin-wall precision products, we can use the injection screw at the forward from the melt energy absorption in the screw after the cessation of movement through the expansion of high-speed melt full cavity to achieve. 4.3 no-pressure injection molding No-pressure injection molding technology refers to the plastic melt high-speed, high-pressure filling into the mold, and then close in the nozzle needle to melt the plastic mold cavity products automatically compensate for different parts of the contract, such products can be greatly reduced warpage. However, this method requires prior estimate packing contraction added, hence the need for the injection of a higher cavity pressure value, and we need clamping force also high. 4.4 Other Intelligent Control Technology Precision injection molding processing conditions in the process of continuous monitoring and implementation of precise control is very important. With the development of computer technology, computerized injection molding has been widely used. Among them, statistical process control (SPC), P ID technology, fuzzy logic control (FCC), network control center (NNC) method and the processing model based on the reverse of the backbone network size control. 5. Conclusion On the high-precision plastic products, and high-performance requirements of the growing precision injection molding technology is the impetus for moving forward, people on the principle of precision injection molding, the constant deepening of understanding of precision injection molding technology is the basis for progress. With new materials, new processes and new equipment has emerged, particularly in the plastics processing computer is the wide application of the precision injection technology to create good conditions. As long as a reasonable use of these technologies, we will be able to produce sophisticated products.
平面设计，3D效果图制作，3D建模，CAD室内设计等项目。硬件方面：可涉及通信，电子，控制，交、直流电机控制，步进电机驱动，单片机（51，arm，avr，凌阳）机械类的毕业设计等。从文化方面入手的话，可以考虑写中外文化的差异或对比。可以通过它们的语言文化来着手，也可以是从它们对待某些事情时处理方式的不同来写。等等
模具毕业论文冲压模具设计中对机械运动的控制和运用摘要：在冲压过程中，机械运动贯穿始终。各种冲压工艺的实现都有其基本运动机理，这种运动是与模具密切相关的，各种模具的结构设计和力学设计最终都是为了满足其能够实现特定运动的要求。设计的模具能否严格完成实现冲压工艺所需的运动，直接影响到冲压件的品质，所以在模具设计中应对机械运动进行控制。同时为了达到产品形状尺寸的要求，不能够拘泥或局限于各种工艺基本运动模式中，而应不断发展和创新，在模具设计中对机械运动灵活运用。关键词：冲压模具设计，机械运动，控制，灵活运用1.引言本论文是以冲压工艺学基本理论为依据，通过对各种冲压工艺基本运动的分析，提出了对冲压模具设计的要求。首先阐述冲压过程中，机械运动的基本概念，然后逐项分析了冲裁、弯曲、拉深工艺的基本运动机理，指出模具设计中应着重控制到的内容，并介绍了在模具设计中对机械运动灵活运用的方法和一些实例。最后总结了根据具体情况进行产品工艺运动分析的方法，并强调在模具设计中，对机械运动的控制和灵活运用对提高设计水平和保证冲压件品质的重要意义。2.冲压过程中机械运动的概述冷冲压就是将各种不同规格的板料或坯料，利用模具和冲压设备（压力机，又名冲床）对其施加压力，使之产生变形或分离，获得一定形状、尺寸和性能的零件。一般生产都是采用立式冲床，因而决定了冲压过程的主运动是上下运动，另外，还有模具与板料和模具中各结构件之间的各种相互运动。机械运动可分为滑动、转动和滚动等三种基本运动形式，在冲压过程中都存在，但是各种运动形式的特点不同，对冲压的影响也各不相同。既然冲压过程存在如此多样的运动，在冲压模具设计中就应该对各种运动进行严格控制，以达到模具设计的要求；同时，在设计中还应当根据具体情况，灵活运用各种机械运动，以达到产品的要求。冲压过程的主运动是上下运动，但是在模具中设计斜楔结构、转销结构、滚轴结构和旋切结构等，可以相应把主运动转化为水平运动、模具中的转动和模具中的滚动。在模具设计中这些特殊结构是比较复杂和困难，成本也较高，但是为了达到产品的形状、尺寸要求，却不失为一种有效的解决方法。3.冲裁模具中机械运动的控制和运用冲裁工艺的基本运动是卸料板先与板料接触并压牢，凸模下降至与板料接触并继续下降进入凹模，凸、凹模及板料产生相对运动导致板料分离，然后凸、凹模分开，卸料板把工件或废料从凸模上推落，完成冲裁运动。卸料板的运动是非常关键的，为了保证冲裁的质量，必须控制卸料板的运动，一定要让它先于凸模与板料接触，并且压料力要足够，否则冲裁件切断面质量差，尺寸精度低，平面度不良，甚至模具寿命减少。按通常的方法设计落料冲孔模具，往往冲压后工件与废料边难以分开。在不影响工件质量的前提下，可以采用在凸凹模卸料板上增加一些凸出的限位块，以使落料冲孔运动完成后，凹模卸料板先把工件从凹模中推出，然后凸凹模卸料板再把废料也从凸凹模上推落，这样一来，工件与废料也就自然分开了。对于一些有局部凸起的较大的冲压件，可以在落料冲孔模的凹模卸料板上增加压型凸模，同时施加足够的弹簧力，以保证卸料板上压型凸模与板料接触时先使材料变形达到压型目的，再继续落料冲孔运动，往往可以减少一个工步的模具，降低成本。有些冲孔模具的冲孔数量很多，需要很大冲压力，对冲压生产不利，甚至无足够吨位的冲床，有一个简单的方法，是采用不同长度的2～4批冲头，在冲压时让冲孔运动分时进行，可以有效地减小冲裁力。对那些在弯曲面上有位置精度要求高的孔（例如对侧弯曲上两孔的同心度等）的冲压件，如果先冲孔再弯曲是很难达到孔位要求的，必须设计斜楔结构，在弯曲后再冲孔，利用水平方向的冲孔运动可以达到目的。对那些翻边、拉深高度要求较严需要做修边工序的，也可以采用类似的结构设计。4.弯曲模具中机械运动的控制和运用弯曲工艺的基本运动是卸料板先与板料接触并压死，凸模下降至与板料接触，并继续下降进入凹模，凸、凹模及板料产生相对运动，导致板料变形折弯，然后凸、凹模分开，弯曲凹模上的顶杆（或滑块）把弯曲边推出，完成弯曲运动。卸料板及顶杆的运动是非常关键的，为了保证弯曲的质量或生产效率，必须首先控制卸料板的运动，让它先于凸模与板料接触，并且压料力一定要足够，否则弯曲件尺寸精度差，平面度不良；其次，应确保顶杆力足够，以使它顺利地把弯曲件推出，否则弯曲件变形，生产效率低。对于精度要求较高的弯曲件，应特别注意一点，最好在弯曲运动中，要有一个运动死点，即所有相关结构件能够碰死。有些工件弯曲形状较奇特，或弯曲后不能按正常方式从凹模上脱落，这时，往往需要用到斜楔结构或转销结构，例如，采用斜楔结构，可以完成小于90度或回钩式弯曲，采用转销结构可以实现圆筒件一次成型。值得一提的是，对于有些外壳件，如电脑软驱外壳，因其弯曲边较长，弯头与板料间的滑动，在弯曲时，很容易擦出毛屑，材料镀锌层脱落，频繁抛光弯曲冲头效果也不理想。通常的做法是把弯曲冲头镀钛，提高其光洁度和耐磨性；或者在弯曲冲头R角处嵌入滚轴，把弯头与板料的弯曲滑动转化为滚动，由于滚动比滑动的摩擦力小得多，所以不容易擦伤工件。5.拉深模具中机械运动的控制和运用拉深工艺的基本运动是，卸料板先与板料接触并压牢，凸模下降至与板料接触，并继续下降，进入凹模，凸、凹模及板料产生相对运动，导致板料体积成形，然后凸、凹模分开，凹模滑块把工件推出，完成拉深运动。卸料板和滑块的运动非常关键，为了保证拉深件的质量，必须控制卸料板的运动，让它先于凸模与板料接触，并且压料力要足够，否则拉深件容易起皱，甚至裂开；其次应确保凹模滑块压力足够，以保证拉深件底面的平面度。拉深复合模设计合理，可以很好地控制结构件的运动过程，达到多工序组合的目的。例如典型的落料拉深切边冲孔复合模具的设计。另外，有些装饰品和日用品的拉深件需要有卷边（或滚边）工序，模具设计中也用到了滚轴结构，所以在卷边过程中滚动的摩擦力非常小，不容易擦伤工件表面。对那些需要在马达中旋转的拉深结构件,切边的高度、跳动度等要求相当高，需要在模具中设计特别的旋切结构，利用旋转（切）运动修边，不仅能保证切边的尺寸精度高，甚至切边的毛刺及冲切纹路亦相当美观。值得一提的是，此旋切结构在实际设计改良后，已经非常易于模具加工制作，并且已运用于连续拉深模具当中。6.连续模具中机械运动的控制和运用连续模具中常常同时包括了冲裁、弯曲和拉深等冲压工艺，因而其冲压过程中的机械运动也包括了这三种工艺的基本运动模式，对连续模具中运动的控制，应分成各基本工艺分别进行控制。通常连续模具要求不断加快冲压速度，提高生产效率，有些形状较复杂、较特别的冲压件，其冲压运动较费时，在连续模具设计中可以分解成效率较高的冲压运动。例如，工程膨胀螺钉圆筒件在连续模具设计中即可将其圆筒成型运动分解为两侧90度圆弧弯曲～中间60度圆弧弯曲～整体抱圆～圆度校正四个工序，不仅提高效率，亦能保证冲压件圆度。需要特别指出的是，连续模具因为在实际生产中还牵涉到送料机、吹风装置等，在设计中应充分考虑到这些因素，让冲床、模具、送料机和吹风装置的运动在时间上配合好，连续模具才能真正顺利生产。7.结束语尽管各种工艺的基本运动原理是不同的，但是也有共同点，就是卸料板（或滑块）的运动是重要的控制因素。实际上，在模具设计当中，产品的冲压工艺不可能都象各种工艺的基本运动那样简单，应当要根据具体情况对产品工艺作好运动分析，再据此作进一步的设计。在对产品工艺运动作分析时，应主要考虑其必要性、时间性、可行性，还应具有创造性。必要性是指运用基本运动原理判断需要那些运动来实现产品工艺；时间性是指所需各项运动的先后顺序；可行性是指能否通过结构设计和力学设计来实现所需运动；创造性是指在前述运动无法被实现或运动无法完全实现产品工艺的情况下，要善于大胆采用新方法去努力实现产品工艺，也就是前面所说的对机械运动的灵活运用。冲压过程存在多种多样的机械运动，而各种机械运动对冲压工艺实现与冲压件品质的影响也各不相同，因而在冲压模具设计中对机械运动的控制和灵活运用对提高设计水平和保证冲压件品质具有重要意义。
平面设计，3D效果图制作，3D建模，CAD室内设计等项目。硬件方面：可涉及通信，电子，控制，交、直流电机控制，步进电机驱动，单片机（51，arm，avr，凌阳）机械类的毕业设计等。从文化方面入手的话，可以考虑写中外文化的差异或对比。可以通过它们的语言文化来着手，也可以是从它们对待某些事情时处理方式的不同来写。等等
模具专业学生毕业设计模式的实践与探讨深圳大学工程技术学院(广东深圳 51806O) 程 蓉 李积彬 王贤坤 王红志[摘要] 以深圳大学99级模具专业学生的毕业设计模式的改革为例，探讨了计算机技术在模具专业学生毕业设计中的应用范围、步骤及结果，明确指出了模具设计理论同先进设计方法相结合在模具专业学生毕业设计教学环节的重要性和必然性。关键词 模具设计 毕业设计 计算机技术1 引言模具是一种技术密集、资金密集型产品，在我国国民经济巾的地位也非常重要。模具工业已被我国正式确定为基础产业，并在“十五”中列为重点扶持产业。由于新技术、新材料、新工艺的不断发展，促使模具技术不断进步，对人才的知识、能力、素质的要求也在不断提高。根据社会发展对模具专业学生的新要求以教学生的实际情况，探圳大学工程技术学院对99级模具设计方向学生的毕业设计的进行了较大的改节，并取得了较好的效果。2 模具专业学生培养目标深圳大学模具设计专业隶属于深圳大学工程技术学院机械制造及其自动化专业，主要是从事注射模的设计与制造。为了明确本方向的培养目标，我们对珠江三角洲，特别是深圳周边地区模具企业进行了比较广泛的社会调查，调查结果表明，用人单位要求毕业生有较高的思想品质和道德修养，爱岗敬业和较好的与人协调共事能力，要求毕业生基础理论扎实，着重基本技能的掌握和再学习能力，要求毕业生熟练掌握外语，有一定的计算机软件应用和开发能力。根据调查结果分析，我们把模具专业人才培养的规格定位于：面向各类型企业，培养爱岗敬业，具备机械及各类模具设计与制造基础知识，具有较强的再学习能力和创造能力，能在模具生产第一线从事模具设计制造、技术开发、应用研究和经营销售的应用型工程技术和管理人才。据此把拓宽专业口径，课程体系合理，教学内容优化、实验研究能力强，社会适应面宽，作为本方向教学的基本指导思想，将模具设计理论、实践与及计算机应用融合为一体。3 计算机技术在注射模中的应用领域塑料产品从设计到成型生产是一个十分复杂的过程，它包括塑料制品设计、模具结构设计、模具加工制造和塑件生产等几个工要方面。它需要产品设计师．模具设计师、模具加工工艺师及熟练操作工人协同努力来完成，它是一个设计、修改、再设计的反复迭代、不断优化的过程。传统的手工设计已越来越难以满足市场激烈竞争的需要。计算机技术的运用，正在各方面取代传统的手工设计方式，并取得了显著的经济效益。计算机技术在注射模中的应用主要表现在以下几个方面：(1)塑料制品的设计：基于特征的三维造型软件为设计者提供了方便的设计平台，而且制品的质量、体积等各种物理参数为后续的模具设计和分析打下了良妤的基础。(2)结构分析：利用有限元分析软件可以对制品的强度、应力等进行分析，改善制品的结构设计。(3)模具结构设计：根据塑料制品的形状、精度、大小、工艺要求和生产批量，模具设计软件会提供相应的设计步骤、参数选择．计算公式以及标准模架等，最后给出全套模几结构设计图。(4)模具开合模运动仿真：运用CAD技术可对模具开模、合模以及制品被推出的全过程进行仿真，从而检查出模具结构设计的不合理处，并及时更正，以减少修模时间。(5)注射过程数值分析：采用CAE方法可以模拟塑料熔体在模腔中的流动与保压过程，其结果对改进模具浇注系统及调整注塑工艺参数有着重要的指导意义，同时还可检验模具的刚度和强度、制品的翘曲性、模壁的冷却过程等。(6)数控加工：利用数控编程软件可模拟刀具在三维曲面上的实时加工过程并显示有关曲面的形状数据，同时还可自动生成数控线切割指令、曲面的三轴，五轴数控铣削刀具轨迹等。目前，国际上占主流地位的注射模CAD软件有Pro/E、I-DEAS、UGⅡ、SolidWorks等；结构分析软件有MSC、Analysis等；注射过程数值分析软件有MoldFlow等；数控加工软件有MasterCAM、Cimatron等。4 模具专业毕业设计模式模具专业的学生要求综合知识和实践能力较强，它既是学生大学四年所学的机械制图、工程材料、公差配合与技术测量、塑料成型工艺与设备等技术基础课、专业课的综合应用，又需要学生了解大量的实践经验。通过毕业设计，应使学生在下述基本能力上得到培养和锻炼：①塑料制品的设计及成型工艺的选择；②一般塑料制品成型模具的设计能力；③塑料制品的质量分析及工艺改进、塑料模具结构改进设计的能力；④了解模具设计的常用商业软件以及同实际设计的结合，以往的毕业设计严格来说只能算是模具设计这门课的课程设计；老师指定一个塑料产品，有时甚至连产品模型图都交给学生，学生按照谍本上的模具设计步骤一步步做下去，由于没有实践经验，学校也不可能将学生的设计变成实际产品，因此，设计的合不合理，学生不知道，即使有经验的老师指不出不合理处，学生也没有感性认识，只能是纸上谈兵。学生踏人社会，从事实际产品设计，往往会发现无从下手，即使设计出来也是废纸一张，通常都要通过1到2年的时间才能入门。因此，学生常会感叹：在学校什么也没学到这不能不说是我们教育的失败。为了改变这种状况，在99级的毕业设计中，我们采取将模具设计内容同CAD/CAM/CAE紧密结合在一起，学生通过先进的软件仿真，可以随时发现自己在每一步设计中的不合理处，会找出各种解决方案让设计趋于合理，同时掌握了最先进的设计，加上及分析技术，提高了学生的学习兴趣和创新能力，使毕业设计真正成为了学生实际工作前的一次全过程模拟。设计流程如图1所示。为了保证毕业设计的质量，我们专门成立了一个 由4名老帅组成的模具设计指导小组，每个老师负责设计流程的一个步骤。此次参加模具设计毕业课题的学生共15人，我们分成5组，每组3人。首先在布置毕业设计题目时，不给出具体的塑件制品，只是告诉学生要做一个开关按钮，学生根据自己的兴趣，确定自己的设计产品：游戏机手柄按钮、眼镜盒开关按钮、电灯墙壁开关按钮以及鼠标按钮等。通过市场调研、查阅大量的文献资料，确定自己塑件的外形及内部结构。采用三维造型软件Pro/E设计出塑件的内外结构，用AutoCAD绘出二维图，在结构设计过程中，运用结构分析软件MSCPatran分析按钮受力后的结构强度、刚度及应力等，对结构进行不断修正，学生会发现机械设计、工业产品设计、材料力学、理论力学等课程的知识在这个阶段都有所体现，对以前所学课程也是一个综合应用的过程。图2为某学牛设计的游戏机按钮装配图及爆炸图，图3为按钮对角两点受力时的最大变形和最大应力图。塑料制品设计完成后，进行模具结构设计，采用的是Prom/E下的模具设计模块对产品建立工件进行分型、分割、抽取得到型芯、型腔文件；通过专家模座系统EMX(Pro/E,系统外挂程序之一)建立标准模座零件及滑块、斜销等其它附件。这个过程实际上并没有结束，它要同后续的注塑过程数值分析紧密联系起来，所采用的注射流动分析软件是MoldFlow，根据熔体在浇注系统和型腔中的流动过程的动态图，改进模具浇注系统、调整注射工艺参数，使模具各系统的设计达到最佳。图4为分析出的最佳浇注位置以及采用圆形排列的流道方式进行注塑，最后注塑出来的结果。图5为按钮模具的装配图及爆炸图。模具结构完成后，进行数控加工，我们采用的是MasterCAM8.0加工软件，完成模具的虚拟加工过程，并自动编制数控加工的NC代码，利用仿真模块可以查看加工完后工件的合理性。最后学生要提供详细的设计说明书以及完整的二维、三维图纸。在论文撰写阶段和答辩过程中，学生还采用了ACDSee图像软件，用来截取设计图像并辅助介绍整个设计过程；采用Office软件用来做文字的处理，写出分析报告。每位学生在整个设计完成后，都必须对自己的没计 过程及结果做一个总结，提出本设计的创新与特色在何处。例如在建模部分或流道设计部分，同时也要考虑设计中存在问题以及相应的解决方法，从大多数学生的总结来看，学生迫切体会到了实践经验的欠缺，因此，在下一届学生的毕业设计中我们力争多请企业的设计人员同学生交流，多让学生接触到实际的设计、生产过程，至此，学生完成了一个项目的全过程：塑料制品设计--模具设汁--模具加工．学生可以在计算机上看到自己设计、加工出来的最终产品，体会到成功的感觉。5 结束语通过对此次毕业设计模式的改革，学生既对大学四年课程的学习做了—个总结，同时又掌握了最流行的、同社会实际最靠近的设计、加工方法。因此，本届模具专业方向的毕业生受到了社会的欢迎，深圳某大型台资公司模具部一次意愿接受本校的毕业生5名．取得了很好的社会效益。参考文献1 曾攀 重视传统课程的教改培养高素质人才，北京学位与研究生教育,2000,(1)2 周华民 现代模具设计方法、注射模部分、现代模具设计方法讲义,19883 曾晓红 游戏机手柄方向按钮注射模设计，深圳大学毕业设计论文集,2003赞同13| 评论
模具专业学生毕业设计模式的实践与探讨深圳大学工程技术学院(广东深圳 51806O) 程 蓉 李积彬 王贤坤 王红志[摘要] 以深圳大学99级模具专业学生的毕业设计模式的改革为例，探讨了计算机技术在模具专业学生毕业设计中的应用范围、步骤及结果，明确指出了模具设计理论同先进设计方法相结合在模具专业学生毕业设计教学环节的重要性和必然性。关键词 模具设计 毕业设计 计算机技术1 引言模具是一种技术密集、资金密集型产品，在我国国民经济巾的地位也非常重要。模具工业已被我国正式确定为基础产业，并在“十五”中列为重点扶持产业。由于新技术、新材料、新工艺的不断发展，促使模具技术不断进步，对人才的知识、能力、素质的要求也在不断提高。根据社会发展对模具专业学生的新要求以教学生的实际情况，探圳大学工程技术学院对99级模具设计方向学生的毕业设计的进行了较大的改节，并取得了较好的效果。2 模具专业学生培养目标深圳大学模具设计专业隶属于深圳大学工程技术学院机械制造及其自动化专业，主要是从事注射模的设计与制造。为了明确本方向的培养目标，我们对珠江三角洲，特别是深圳周边地区模具企业进行了比较广泛的社会调查，调查结果表明，用人单位要求毕业生有较高的思想品质和道德修养，爱岗敬业和较好的与人协调共事能力，要求毕业生基础理论扎实，着重基本技能的掌握和再学习能力，要求毕业生熟练掌握外语，有一定的计算机软件应用和开发能力。根据调查结果分析，我们把模具专业人才培养的规格定位于：面向各类型企业，培养爱岗敬业，具备机械及各类模具设计与制造基础知识，具有较强的再学习能力和创造能力，能在模具生产第一线从事模具设计制造、技术开发、应用研究和经营销售的应用型工程技术和管理人才。据此把拓宽专业口径，课程体系合理，教学内容优化、实验研究能力强，社会适应面宽，作为本方向教学的基本指导思想，将模具设计理论、实践与及计算机应用融合为一体。3 计算机技术在注射模中的应用领域塑料产品从设计到成型生产是一个十分复杂的过程，它包括塑料制品设计、模具结构设计、模具加工制造和塑件生产等几个工要方面。它需要产品设计师．模具设计师、模具加工工艺师及熟练操作工人协同努力来完成，它是一个设计、修改、再设计的反复迭代、不断优化的过程。传统的手工设计已越来越难以满足市场激烈竞争的需要。计算机技术的运用，正在各方面取代传统的手工设计方式，并取得了显著的经济效益。计算机技术在注射模中的应用主要表现在以下几个方面：(1)塑料制品的设计：基于特征的三维造型软件为设计者提供了方便的设计平台，而且制品的质量、体积等各种物理参数为后续的模具设计和分析打下了良妤的基础。(2)结构分析：利用有限元分析软件可以对制品的强度、应力等进行分析，改善制品的结构设计。(3)模具结构设计：根据塑料制品的形状、精度、大小、工艺要求和生产批量，模具设计软件会提供相应的设计步骤、参数选择．计算公式以及标准模架等，最后给出全套模几结构设计图。(4)模具开合模运动仿真：运用CAD技术可对模具开模、合模以及制品被推出的全过程进行仿真，从而检查出模具结构设计的不合理处，并及时更正，以减少修模时间。(5)注射过程数值分析：采用CAE方法可以模拟塑料熔体在模腔中的流动与保压过程，其结果对改进模具浇注系统及调整注塑工艺参数有着重要的指导意义，同时还可检验模具的刚度和强度、制品的翘曲性、模壁的冷却过程等。(6)数控加工：利用数控编程软件可模拟刀具在三维曲面上的实时加工过程并显示有关曲面的形状数据，同时还可自动生成数控线切割指令、曲面的三轴，五轴数控铣削刀具轨迹等。目前，国际上占主流地位的注射模CAD软件有Pro/E、I-DEAS、UGⅡ、SolidWorks等；结构分析软件有MSC、Analysis等；注射过程数值分析软件有MoldFlow等；数控加工软件有MasterCAM、Cimatron等。4 模具专业毕业设计模式模具专业的学生要求综合知识和实践能力较强，它既是学生大学四年所学的机械制图、工程材料、公差配合与技术测量、塑料成型工艺与设备等技术基础课、专业课的综合应用，又需要学生了解大量的实践经验。通过毕业设计，应使学生在下述基本能力上得到培养和锻炼：①塑料制品的设计及成型工艺的选择；②一般塑料制品成型模具的设计能力；③塑料制品的质量分析及工艺改进、塑料模具结构改进设计的能力；④了解模具设计的常用商业软件以及同实际设计的结合，以往的毕业设计严格来说只能算是模具设计这门课的课程设计；老师指定一个塑料产品，有时甚至连产品模型图都交给学生，学生按照谍本上的模具设计步骤一步步做下去，由于没有实践经验，学校也不可能将学生的设计变成实际产品，因此，设计的合不合理，学生不知道，即使有经验的老师指不出不合理处，学生也没有感性认识，只能是纸上谈兵。学生踏人社会，从事实际产品设计，往往会发现无从下手，即使设计出来也是废纸一张，通常都要通过1到2年的时间才能入门。因此，学生常会感叹：在学校什么也没学到这不能不说是我们教育的失败。为了改变这种状况，在99级的毕业设计中，我们采取将模具设计内容同CAD/CAM/CAE紧密结合在一起，学生通过先进的软件仿真，可以随时发现自己在每一步设计中的不合理处，会找出各种解决方案让设计趋于合理，同时掌握了最先进的设计，加上及分析技术，提高了学生的学习兴趣和创新能力，使毕业设计真正成为了学生实际工作前的一次全过程模拟。设计流程如图1所示。为了保证毕业设计的质量，我们专门成立了一个 由4名老帅组成的模具设计指导小组，每个老师负责设计流程的一个步骤。此次参加模具设计毕业课题的学生共15人，我们分成5组，每组3人。首先在布置毕业设计题目时，不给出具体的塑件制品，只是告诉学生要做一个开关按钮，学生根据自己的兴趣，确定自己的设计产品：游戏机手柄按钮、眼镜盒开关按钮、电灯墙壁开关按钮以及鼠标按钮等。通过市场调研、查阅大量的文献资料，确定自己塑件的外形及内部结构。采用三维造型软件Pro/E设计出塑件的内外结构，用AutoCAD绘出二维图，在结构设计过程中，运用结构分析软件MSCPatran分析按钮受力后的结构强度、刚度及应力等，对结构进行不断修正，学生会发现机械设计、工业产品设计、材料力学、理论力学等课程的知识在这个阶段都有所体现，对以前所学课程也是一个综合应用的过程。图2为某学牛设计的游戏机按钮装配图及爆炸图，图3为按钮对角两点受力时的最大变形和最大应力图。塑料制品设计完成后，进行模具结构设计，采用的是Prom/E下的模具设计模块对产品建立工件进行分型、分割、抽取得到型芯、型腔文件；通过专家模座系统EMX(Pro/E,系统外挂程序之一)建立标准模座零件及滑块、斜销等其它附件。这个过程实际上并没有结束，它要同后续的注塑过程数值分析紧密联系起来，所采用的注射流动分析软件是MoldFlow，根据熔体在浇注系统和型腔中的流动过程的动态图，改进模具浇注系统、调整注射工艺参数，使模具各系统的设计达到最佳。图4为分析出的最佳浇注位置以及采用圆形排列的流道方式进行注塑，最后注塑出来的结果。图5为按钮模具的装配图及爆炸图。模具结构完成后，进行数控加工，我们采用的是MasterCAM8.0加工软件，完成模具的虚拟加工过程，并自动编制数控加工的NC代码，利用仿真模块可以查看加工完后工件的合理性。最后学生要提供详细的设计说明书以及完整的二维、三维图纸。在论文撰写阶段和答辩过程中，学生还采用了ACDSee图像软件，用来截取设计图像并辅助介绍整个设计过程；采用Office软件用来做文字的处理，写出分析报告。每位学生在整个设计完成后，都必须对自己的没计 过程及结果做一个总结，提出本设计的创新与特色在何处。例如在建模部分或流道设计部分，同时也要考虑设计中存在问题以及相应的解决方法，从大多数学生的总结来看，学生迫切体会到了实践经验的欠缺，因此，在下一届学生的毕业设计中我们力争多请企业的设计人员同学生交流，多让学生接触到实际的设计、生产过程，至此，学生完成了一个项目的全过程：塑料制品设计--模具设汁--模具加工．学生可以在计算机上看到自己设计、加工出来的最终产品，体会到成功的感觉。5 结束语通过对此次毕业设计模式的改革，学生既对大学四年课程的学习做了—个总结，同时又掌握了最流行的、同社会实际最靠近的设计、加工方法。因此，本届模具专业方向的毕业生受到了社会的欢迎，深圳某大型台资公司模具部一次意愿接受本校的毕业生5名．取得了很好的社会效益。参考文献1 曾攀 重视传统课程的教改培养高素质人才，北京学位与研究生教育,2000,(1)2 周华民 现代模具设计方法、注射模部分、现代模具设计方法讲义,19883 曾晓红 游戏机手柄方向按钮注射模设计，深圳大学毕业设计论文集,2003
那是因为你的单词在一行没有写完跳到第二行了，这个不影响的，如果你实在不想这样，就把你第一行的最后那个单词拆开写到第二行一部分，但记住要把用一个连接符号“-”，不然别人会以为你那是2个单词了哦，这个符号写在第一行最后单词的拆开处。
原则上讲，中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题，解析文章的目的或意图； ② 介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌； ③ 提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。但是，英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长，同样内容的一段文字，若用英文来描述，其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此，撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了，力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区，一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”，因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容，或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容，这样很容易造成文摘重心转移，甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复，显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动，具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则，符合英文专业术语规范，并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态，是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下，摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的，而应根据具体内容而有所变化，否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循，其中存在着如下一些规律： 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如： This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… ， The result shows (reveals) that… ， It is found that… ， The conclusions are… ， The author suggests that… ．涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻（时段）的发现、某一研究过程（实验、观察、调查等过程）。例如： The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指出的是，用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何；所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用，但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来，而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如： Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy. 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有：说明事实经过时，某件事是谁做的，无须一一证明；为强调动作承受者；有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语，例如： In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常使用主动语态，其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如： The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头，或采用更简洁的被动语态，一般不用第一人称。 4）遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧，简单、准确地表达作者的观点，减少读者的误解。A. 用词力求简单，在表达同样意思时，尽量用短词代替长词，以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时，应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如，英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等，虽简单常用，但其意义少则十几个，多则几十个，用这类词来描述研究过程，读者难免产生误解，甚至会不知所云，这就要求根据具体情况，选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等，以便于读者理解。B. 造句。尽量使用短句，长句容易造成语义不清；但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型：尽管英文的句型种类繁多，丰富多彩，但摘要的常用句型却很有限，而且形成了一定的规律，大体可归纳为（ 1 ）表示研究目的，常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… （ 2 ）表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… （ 3 ）表示研究的结果： The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… （ 4 ）表示结论、观点或建议： The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时，使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂，而且容易造成时态混乱（因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”，而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语，在简化语句的同时，还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A. 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则，即当我们用 the 时，听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如： The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现在缩略语越来越多，要注意区分 a 和 an ，如 an X ray. B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词，如： Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 300. C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。总之，多看英文文献，积累经验，摸索规律，提高英文写作水平，才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key findings.20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 4. 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语，对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词，而且从标题或摘要中选取，每篇文章可选 3 ～ 8 个关键词，文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词：”，英文关键词前冠以“ Key words ：”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔，以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语，毋用单一词汇，而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展，如：营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。
毕业论文中英文摘要的主要内容
转眼间大学生活即将结束，大学毕业前都要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，那么你有了解过毕业论文吗？以下是我为大家收集的毕业论文中英文摘要的主要内容，希望能够帮助到大家。
1.摘要的作用
摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文，有其特别的地方。它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上，用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括，留主干去枝叶，提取论文的主要信息。作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解，这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。好的摘要便于索引与查找，易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。
2.书写摘要的基本规范和原则
(1)论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的学校和机构有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超过300字，英文摘要不超过250个实词，中英文摘要应一致。毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。
(2)多向指导教师请教，并根据提供的意见及时修改，以期达到更高水平。
(3)摘要是完整的短文，具有独立性，可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容，仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。
(4)叙述完整，突出逻辑性，短文结构要合理。
(5)要求文字简明扼要，不容赘言，提取重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据，不加评论和注释。采用直接表述的方法，删除不必要的文学修饰。摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容，做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。
(6)摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和化学结构式，以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，不列举例证。
3.摘要的四要素
目的、方法、结果和结论称为摘要的四要素。
(1)目的：指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件，不是主题的简单重复。
(2)方法：简述课题的工作流程，研究了哪些主要内容，在这个过程中都做了哪些工作，包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。
(3)结果：陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值，包括通过调研、实验、观察取得的数据和结果，并剖析其不理想的局限部分。
(4)结论：通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论，包括从中取得证实的正确观点，进行分析研究，比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义，理论与实际相结合的价值。
4.撰写步骤
摘要作为一种特殊的陈述性短文，书写的步骤也与普通类型的文章有所不同。摘要的写作时间通常在论文的完成之后，但也可以采用提早写的方式，然后再边写论文边修改摘要。首先，从摘要的四要素出发，通读论文全文，仔细将文中的重要内容一一列出，特别是每段的主题句和论文结尾的归纳总结，保留梗概与精华部分，提取用于编写摘要的关键信息。然后，看这些信息能否完全、准确的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的问题，并要求语句精炼。若不足以回答这些问题，则重新阅读论文，摘录相应的内容进行补充。最后，将这些零散信息，组成符合语法规则和逻辑规则的完整句子，再进一步组成通畅的短文，通读此短文，反复修改，达到摘要的要求。
5.关于英文摘要
(1)英文摘要的写作方法要依据公认的写作规范。
(2)尽量使用简单句，避免句型单调，表达要求准确完整。
(3)正确使用冠词。
(4)使用标准英语书写，避免使用口语，应使用易于理解的常用词，不用生僻词汇。
(5)作者所做工作用过去时，结论用现在时。
(6)多使用主动语态。
6.关键词
关键词是为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选出来用以表示全文主题内容信息目的单词术语。每篇报告、论文选取3~8个词作为关键词，以显着的字符另起一行，排在摘要的左方。如有可能，尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的'规范词。为了国际交流，应标注与中文对应的英文关键词。
关键词是主题词中的一类。主题词是一种新型检索词汇，多用于计算机网络检索。
关键词分为中文关键词和与之对应的英文关键词，分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下。为便于他人的检索，不能使用过于宽泛的词语。选择关键词既可以从论文的各级标题入手，也可以从论文本身的内容选取，将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。
【论文摘要格式】
论文摘要是文章的内容不加诠释和评论的简短陈述。为了国际交流，还应有外文(多用英文)摘要。摘要是在文章全文完成之后提炼出来的，具有短、精、完整三大特点。摘要应具有独立性的自含性、即不阅读原文的全文.就能获得必要的信息。摘要中有数据、有结论、是一篇完整的短文.可以独立使用，也可以引用，还可以用于工艺推广。其内容应该包含与报告论文同等量的主要信息.以供读者确定有无必要阅读原论文全文，也可提供给文摘第二次文献采用。摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等.而重点是结果和结论。中文摘要一般不宜超过300字，外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。除了实在迫不得已，摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。摘要可用另页置于题名页(页上无正文)之前，学术论文的摘要一般置于题名和作者之后，论文正文之前。
论文摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。具体地讲就是研究工作的主要对象和范围，采用的手段和方法，得出的结果和重要的结论，有时也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并且拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要的信息。摘要不容赘言,故需逐字推敲。内容必须完整、具体、使人一目了然。英文摘要虽以中文摘要为基础,但要考虑到不能阅读中文的读者的需求,实质性的内容不能遗漏。为此,我国的科技期刊近年来陆续采用结构式摘要,明确写出目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。
a.目的(Objective):简明指出此项工作的目的,研究的范围。
b.方法(Methods):简要说明研究课题的基本做法,包括对象(分组及每组例数、对照例数或动物只数等)、材料和方法(包括所用药品剂量,重复次数等)。统计方法特殊者需注明。
c.结果(Results):简要列出主要结果(需注明单位)、数据、统计学意义(P值)等,并说明其价值和局限性。
d.结论(Conclusion):简要说明从该项研究结果取得的正确观点、理论意义或实用价值、推广前景。
中、英文摘要前需标明中、英文文题，作者姓名(至多3名)及作者单位(邮政编码)。英文摘要应隔行打字,以便修改。
【论文摘要范文】
【论文题目】
机动车尾气污染防治对策与城市交通改善研究
【中文摘要】
本论文通过分析机动车尾气污染产生的原因，论述了采取多种防治对策以旨在减少机动车的尾气污染排放，同时对城市交通改善问题进行了深入的研究。本文首先论述了我国由于机动车尾气排放造成的城市大气污染的严重形势。论述了机动车尾气污染的产生原因。通过总结国内外机动车污染控制的发展历程、经验及教训，作者从两方面重点论述了控制机动车尾气污染的途径。其一是从机动车本身入手，在机动车生产、检验、维护保养以及采用新技术等方面对机动车加以改造，力争从尾气排放污染源加以控制;其次，作者根据我国交通的具体状况，详细分析了城市交通改善与机动车尾气排放的关系，根据翔实的数据：说明了在我国交通拥堵是造成机动车尾气污染的最主要原因。在科学交通管理的原则指导下，作者详细论述了科学交通管理的卞要措施，特别分析了对路口的交通控制策略的仿真优化过程，通过仿真结果表明，对路口的交通控制策略的优化将对尾气排放产生非常重大的影响，可以显著地减少污染排放总量。因此作者认为，科学交通管理是控制城市机动车尾气污染排放的根本出路。
完全人工翻译 Accompanying with the development of the Internet, there derived a new emerged financial services business of Internet banking which is more simple and speedy than the ordinary banks. In this paper, I will proceed with the present status of China Merchants Bank and have some analysis against the problems correlative with their online bank and give forth some suggestions. this thesis is divided into the following sections: I: A summary on the development history of the Internet bank of China Merchants Bank. II: An analysis for the development status quo of the Internet bank of China Merchants Bank. III: An analysis for some problems of the Internet bank of China Merchants Bank. IV: Some suggestions for the future development of the Internet bank of China Merchants Bank. 简释：第一、第二、第三、第四 按照西方人习惯用罗马数字。 网银用Internet bank当然用online bank或net bank 都无不可。第一个internet banking 是指整个网银行业。
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05)，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
英文摘要格式
①首行居中打印论文英文标题(TimesNewRoman四号加粗)。
②下空一行居中打印英文单词“Abstract”(TimesNewRoman小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(TimesNewRoman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印“KeyWords”(TimesNewRoman小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，TimesNewRoman小四号)。除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
中文摘要：
①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)。
②下空一行居中打印“摘要”二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。
③“摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印“关键词”三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
把握好内容的一致性
关于学术期刊论文中英文摘要的一致性，两"规范"都明确规定：英文题名应与中文题名含义一致，英文摘要的内容应与中文摘要相对应，中、英文关键词应一一对应。
可见，中英文摘要的一致性主要是指含义、内容、数量和顺序的一致性。英文摘要应忠实、准确地反映中文摘要的内容，不能随意更改或删去中文摘要的重点内容或重要信息，不能随意增补中文摘要中未提及的内容。
但这并不意味着英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，如果受汉语思维的影响生硬地按照中文字面意思直译或进行句对句、词对词的一一对译，一个词也不改动，这不仅会导致在表达上出现中式英语的现象，而且会使英文摘要用词重复累赘、句子繁杂冗长、语义不流畅。
英文论文摘要模板
英文论文摘要怎么写，你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板，希望能够帮到大家!
ABSTRACT
As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.
This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.
Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor
Abstract
Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.
Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.
Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.
As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.
Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which are“Temptress,,,”Mother Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.
Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve experienced from a chauvinist to a real womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.
Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.
Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.
The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.
Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.
For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.
In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.
Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q & A system, largely improving the financial Q & A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.
Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network
英文摘要格式如下：
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容：
（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。
（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。
（4）结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要