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帮你弄一篇吧我选的是第二个题目Information and communications technology to ChinaChina has experienced rapid growth within the information and communications technology (ICT) industry over the past decade, and now plays a leading role in China’s economic development. As a result of China’s ‘opening up’ policy and path of economic reform, China’s electronic communications industry has grown at three times the rate of GDP growth. In 2006, China’s electronic communications industry revenue reached RMB475 billion. The total value of foreign trade reached US$651.7 billion representing over 15 per cent of the global electronics trade, with the output of many electronic products ranked first worldwide. These electronics products include: • colour TVs • mobile phone handsets • computers • electronic watches • calculators • DVDsChina’s accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) provided a transitional period for opening up its telecom sector which lasted until November 2007. Consequently, this has assisted China to develop one of the largest open telecom markets in the world. The Value Added Services (VAS) sector is expected to contribute to this growth, as one of the hottest market entry sectors for foreign ICT companies. Through the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), the Chinese Government administers foreign direct investment into the telecommunications sector. This includes basic infrastructure and value added services, however, with various restrictions on foreign ownership levels. From 1 December 2007, a new set of Categories of Foreign Investment Industry Guidance 2007 Amended Version has been implemented, superseding the previous version issued on 30 November 2004, and providing new levels of guidance on foreign direct investment in the various industry sectors. To ensure China’s telecommunications market operates in a fair, transparent and effective competitive environment, China’s first Telecommunications Law has been drafted and is currently undergoing a process of public consultation before being enacted. This should provide further guidance and protection to both investors and operators, in addition to the various regulations currently in place. With China entering its 11th Five Year Plan period, ICT has also moved from 'enabling and promoting' to 'strengthening industry integration and indigenous innovations'. The key focuses are to:• Continue increasing overall integrated ICT service levels • Increase and improve the development of ICT infrastructure • Strengthen the indigenous innovation in core industries • Focus on incubating strategic industry clusters • Proactively promote the integrated development of all ICT sectors • Strengthen the modernisation of post services • Strengthen the administration of radio communications • Increase the supportive capability of ICT infrastructure to the national economyBy 2010, the targeted penetration levels for fixed telecommunication in China is anticipated to reach 30 per cent of its population to one billion subscribers in operation (SIO), and 45 per cent penetration in mobile communications to 600 million SIOs. Internet users are anticipated to reach 200 million with 15 per cent penetration.TelecommunicationsSince the first wireless mobile phone base station was installed on 18 November 1987, China reached 531.4 million mobile SIOs at the end of October 2007. Therefore, China has the highest number of mobile phone subscribers in the world. The vast number of SIOs also generated 483.7 billion short message services (SMS). Due to China’s large population, mobile penetration in China is still considered low at 39.9 per cent when compared with most developed countries. This presents substantial growth opportunities for companies within the China market.Fixed communications grew slightly lower than mobile communications with a total of 370 million SIOs, representing a 28.3 per cent penetration rate. China has over 22,000 registered companies providing Value Added Services to the telecom sector. There are six major telecommunications operators in China:• China Telecom • China Mobile • China Satellite Company • China Unicom • China Netcom • China Railway CommunicationsSoftware and system integrationIn 2006, the size of China’s domestic software market reached RMB480 billion. The total number of registered software companies increased to 15,723 with over 1.29 million people employed in the software industry. There were over 35 companies with a turnover exceeding RMB1 billion, and 51 companies with turnover in the range of RMB0.5–1 billion. Furthermore, more than 80 software companies had over 1,000 employees. There are currently 38 companies with CMM5 (Capability Maturity Model For Software) certifications, the highest level of an internationally recognized certification program for software companies. In addition, 23 companies achieved CMM4 certifications and over 200 companies were awarded CMM3 certifications. The increasing number of Chinese software companies seeking and achieving CMM certification demonstrates their enhanced software development capabilities and overall product quality to compete in the global market. InternetSince China sent out the first email 'Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world' on 20 September 1987, the diffusion of the Internet in China has grown in parallel with the development and expansion of the overall telecom infrastructure. China has become the world’s second largest Internet user country with an estimated 162 million users behind the US with 211 million users. In addition, at the end of June 2007, China had 67 million Internet connected computers and over 1.3 million websites. The total bandwidth to the world reached 312,346Mbps with annual growth rate of 45.8 per cent.Although China’s Internet industry has achieved significant growth, the penetration is still very low at 12.3 per cent, as compared with the global average of 17.6 per cent. There is clear 'unequitable' access to the Internet between urban and rural areas with 21.6 per cent as compared to 5.1 per cent respectively.ADSL, dial-Up and wireless (including mobile phone access) are the three key access methods of accessing the Internet in China. Broadband SIOs have grown very quickly. As at December 2007, broadband users reached 122 million, the largest user country in the world, with a penetration rate of 17.5 per cent. In 2007, 30 per cent of the new broadband users were from rural areas. In addition, there are also 20.2 million dial-Up users.The key applications for Internet users in China are searching for news, instant messaging, and entertainment (music, video and games). There has been a growing trend of e-commerce related activities including net-shopping, travel booking, online stock market trading and banking. It is expected e-commerce related applications and services will become one of the key growth areas in the future.Although there has been increasing trend of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Internet- related infrastructure, applications and services such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Application Service Provider (ASPs), and Internet Content Provider (ICPs) are yet to open up to foreign providers, and there are strict content management and approval processes in place to ensure that the Internet is used to enhance social responsibility and harmony. The challenges facing China’s Internet industry include:• Equitable access to the Internet between urban and rural areas to break the 'digital divide'. • Level of information and technology knowledge among small to medium enterprises. • Overall quality and applications of the Internet, to improve the productivity and be more competitive on the global market. • Integration of information and communication technologies within all industry sectors.OpportunitiesThe development of China’s ICT industry provides opportunities in a number of areas, which include the following:• Telecommunications infrastructure o 3G/4G wireless communications o IP based technologies o Rural telecommunications o Network integration and billing• Value Added Services o e-Learning o Entertainment o Mobile applications• E-Commerce o Online payment and mobile payment o e-Security o Integrated logistics application and management• Industry application o Telematics o Remote metering o Geo-spatial application o Environment and clean technology applications o Finance and banking o Security o Digital content• New Technologies and applications and materials o IPTV o New digital audio systems o Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) o Nanotechnologies o Energy efficiency materialsTariffs, regulations and customsTariffs for ICT products and services vary depending on the category classification and what level of Chinese indigenous component is included. Certain ICT products exported to China are subject to China Compulsory Certification, known as 3CCC certification. As a result of China's commitments for accession into the WTO, China has applied zero tariffs to 256 categories of ICT products. To determine the exact category and the level of tariffs applied, if any, it is recommended that experienced customs brokers specialised in ICT products are consulted. Marketing your products and servicesMarket entryDepending upon your company’s situation and strategic direction, there are various vehicles that can be utilised for entry into the Chinese ICT market. These include: • Wholly owned foreign enterprises (WOFEs) • Joint ventures (JVs) • Value added resellers (VARs) • DistributorsA new and emerging type of entry vehicle, Virtual Entry, has been utilised by many small and medium (SME) companies. A Chinese domain name is registered with all the content translated into the local language, however, operations are conducted offshore in the home country. Each vehicle requires a different set of requirements and investment strategies.The Chinese Government’s aim is to become more transparent in awarding large projects. A public tender is normally published via media inviting Expression of Interests from interested and suitable companies. In some circumstances, foreign companies find it useful to form a partnership with suitable local companies to promote awareness of their capabilities. Establishing good relationships with key stakeholders are vital so that a company can be in a better position to access information and prepare a submission. However, many other projects are done via local network. In these circumstances it is often necessary to work with a local partner with a similar industry capability and background. If your products or applications do not require local modification and are 'plug and play', you may sell your products and services via a local distributor. This can occur once customs import procedure is cleared and passes through relevant network-access tests if applicable. If your products and applications require localisation, translation, further development and local integration, then a local service integrator needs to be engaged. This can be done via a joint venture partner or a service contractor, prior to selling to the end users, especially in financial and other sensitive categories.In most of the cases, except games and English language learning applications, it is most likely that your products and applications will have to be 'localised' to suit the local market environment. This is especially important for accounting, intelligent transportation systems, finance and banking, and security applications.Registration of a company is relatively easy in China once you meet all the requirements. Different company structures require different start-up capital funding. There can be regional variations to company registration requirements. It is recommended that you research well and consult widely before making a final investment decision. 刚才算了一下，大概是1700多字
My View on the Negative Effects of Some AdvertisementsThe more developed economy is, the more numerous and various advertisements are. Advertisement can be found anywhere around us, which has been a symbol of this competitive world. As well as large billboards standing in the streets, more and more advertisements have been attached with medium such as TV, radio and so on. One of the most popular ways advertisers apply is internet, which can be more fast and convenient for the consumers.However, along with the benefits most advertisements provide, some other advertisement has also produced several negative effects. First of all, the frequency of advertisements has somehow bored people who are not so interested in purchase. What is more, there appear some people living on sending lots of advertising mails which are useless but annoying so as to be considered garbage. The falsity of some advertisements is also denounced by consumers, who find they are cheated by the advertisements not correspondent with the products and have to suffer their loss. Namely, advertisements on some occasions are the tools for cheating, causing consumers’ distrust in the good words and beautiful pictures.After all, it is not fair to accuse advertisement themselves of their negative effects. It is up to such related administrations to make rules and advertisers to get themselves restricted in using advertisement. And if it can be put into practice, both consumers and advertisers will enjoy more profits from advertisements, without their negative effects.此乃原创，不含任何虚假成分，已经发到你的邮箱了。
我这里有7篇研究生论文.都是很齐全的,我自己毕业就用的那个但是好象内容和你的不大符合你要是能自立题目的话，可以找我删节一下就能用
Along with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.First, design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector. The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control 1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp). 2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition. 3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面1.8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属trunking.Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。
论文查重的话，第一次查重的时候，一定要认真看查重报告，看看到底自己论文的哪个部分有查重率，可以针对这个报告里面的地方，进行删减改正。
用软件查啊，在就是修改
目前大部分高校都对论文查重制定了明确的论文查重重复率要求，对学术不端的行为持零容忍的态度。如果不进行论文查重的话，可能就会有一些人会选择论文造假，随意剽窃他人的学术成果，甚至原文抄袭别人的论文，从而“轻松”获得学位。
1.中国知网论文查重
想必大家都知道中国知网可以查找参考文献，那大家知不知道中国知网也可以为大家提高论文查重服务呢？中国知网查重平台具有权威性、专业性的特点，查重率也十分准确。但是这个平台并不面向个人用户提高服务，大家得依托学校图书馆等机构进行论文查重。除此之外知网论文查重的费用也比较高。
2.万方论文查重
客观、公正、精确、全面是万方论文查重的服务原则，万方旨在为用户提高精确、多维度的论文查重结果。这个系统采取的技术也较为先进、科学。万方论文查重的价格是一千个字两块钱。
3.PaperPass论文查重
PaperPass论文查重系统具有海量数据库并采用先进、优秀的算法作为技术支撑，致力于为用户提供优质的论文查重服务。该系统的论文查重结果准确率高，并且很详细，可以方便大家进一步对论文内容进行修改。而且，它还为用户提供“免费使用”功能。用户只需在系统页面点击“免费使用”进行申请，就可以获得免费检测量！以上就是关于“论文查重渠道有哪些”的全部内容了，想了解更多论文查重知识，请持续关注PaperPass论文知识频道，小编会为大家收集更多的论文知识哦
毕业论文查重，我们可以直接选择毕业论文查重的类别，不过在进行选择时，应该根据自己的需求来选择。现在网上有2种收费模式，一种是免费查重，另一种是收费查重。所以进行选择时，我们一定要根据自己的需求，选择最适合自己的。特别是收费查重，在支付相关检测费用后，才能提交论文查重，之后系统会把论文内容与数据资源库进行比对，得出检测报告。查重完成后，我们也可以下载查重报告，并对论文进行相应的查看和修改，相信这些细节大家都应该知道，如果大家了解这些细节的话，就可以做好这方面的工作了。总之，想要顺利的选择好论文查重系统的时候，这些细节都是需要注意的，因为只有注意到这些细节，之后才能做好论文查重。
可以的。不过要少量复制粘贴（大篇幅复制粘贴会导致查重不过），并要标明出处，并在参考文献中注明，最好是针对性引用。
毕业论文是毕业生总结性的独立作业，是学生运用在校学习的基本知识和基础理论，去分析、解决一两个实际问题的实践锻炼过程，必要的理论知识如背景、原理等对论文写作是非常必要的。
同时要保证引用的部分不能比例过高，且为了论文主旨服务，不能喧宾夺主，甚至有可能导致重复率过高，审核不通过。
扩展资料：
论文资料的应用
论文写作资料可分为第一手资料与第二手资料。前者也称为第一性资料或直接资料，是指作者亲自参与调查、研究或体察到的东西。如在实验或观察中所做的记录等，都属于这类资料；后者也称为第二性资料或间接资料，是指有关专业或专题文献资料，主要靠平时的学习积累。
在获得足够资料的基础上，还要进行加工处理，使之系统化和条理化，便于应用。对于论文写作，这两类资料必不可少，要恰当地将它们运用到论文写作中去，注意区别主次。特别对于文献资料要在充分消化吸收的基础上适当引用，不要喧宾夺主。
参考资料来源：百度百科-毕业论文
在首页下方选择合适的论文查重系统。步骤：1、用户进入维普查重首页后，在首页下方选择合适的论文查重系统，注意查看自己的论文是否符合查重系统的标准。2、在查重界面输入论文题目和论文作者，并将待检测论文上传至查重系统中，点击提交检测按钮。3、等待30分钟，60分钟左右的查重时间，查重完成后，用户在查重界面点击下载检测报告按钮，输入查重订单编号，点击查询结果，最后下载论文查重报告单至用户电脑中。
会被查出来，第一步：初稿一般重复率会比较高(除非你是自己一字一句写的大神)，可以采用万方、papertest去检测，然后逐句修改。这个系统是逐句检测的，也就是说你抄的任何一句话都会被检测出来。这种检测算法比较严格，从程序的角度分析这种算法比较简单。因而网上卖的都很便宜，我测的是3万字，感觉还是物美价廉的。(注意：1 这个库不包含你上一届研究生师兄的大论文，修改一定注意. 2 个人建议如果学校是用万方检测，就不要去检测维普之类的 先把论文电子版复制一份，保存一份。看检测结果，其中一份复制的备份论文，把检测出重复的部分能删了先删了，把不能删的，15字以内改一改，最好是加减字符，不要改顺序，改顺序没太大用，参考文献删掉一部分，不能删的话，先改下，英文文献可以15个字符换一个词。把修改过的上交，重新过系统检查。保存的原论文稍做改动上交纸质版。那个系统很麻烦的，很多没看过没应用过的文献都能给你加上，可见中国人抄袭的功夫，都是互相抄，但是为了保证论文的完整性和表述的准确性，不要随意改动，上交的纸质版，一定要斟酌，一般检查完就不会再过检测系统了，所以纸质版的不用担心。第二步：经过修改后，重复率大幅下降了。这时你可以用知网查了，知网查重系统是逐段检测的，比较智能。检测后再做局部修改就基本上大功告成了，我最后在网上用知网查是4%，简单修改后，在学校查是1.5%。注意：记住，最忌讳的是为了查重，把论文语句改得语句不通、毫无逻辑，这样是逃不过老师的，哈哈，大家加油！关于知网相关抽查规定：有规定的，可以进行第一次修改，修改之后通过就可以答辩，如果第二次不通过就算结业，在之后4个月内还要交论文或者设计的。这个是在抄袭30%的基础上的。 如果抄袭50%以上的话，直接结业 在之后4个月内还要交论文或者设计的。1．被认定为抄袭的本科毕业设计（论文），包括与他人已有论文、著作重复总字数比例在30%至50%（含50%）之间的，需经本人修改。修改后经过再次检测合格后，方可参加学院答辩。再次检测后仍不合格的，按结业处理。须在3 个月后提交改写完成的毕业设计（论文），检测合格后再参加答辩。2．被认定为抄袭的本科毕业设计（论文），且与他人已有论文、著作重复总字数比例超过50%的，直接按结业处理。须在4 个月后提交改写的毕业设计（论文），检测合格后再参加答辩。知网系统计算标准详细说明：1．看了一下这个系统的介绍，有个疑问，这套系统对于文字复制鉴别还是不错的，但对于其他方面的内容呢，比如数据，图表，能检出来吗？检不出来的话不还是没什么用吗？学术不端的各种行为中，文字复制是最为普遍和严重的，目前本检测系统对文字复制的检测已经达到相当高的水平，对于图表、公式、数据的抄袭和篡改等行为的检测，目前正在研发当中，且取得了比较大的进展，欢迎各位继续关注本检测系统的进展并多提批评性及建设性意见和建议。 2．按照这个系统39%以下的都是显示黄色,那么是否意味着在可容忍的限度内呢?最近看到对上海大学某教师的国家社科基金课题被撤消的消息,原因是其发表的两篇论文有抄袭行为,分别占到25%和30%. 请明示超过多少算是警戒线？百分比只是描述检测文献中重合文字所占的比例大小程度，并不是指该文献的抄袭严重程度。只能这么说，百分比越大，重合字数越多，存在抄袭的可能性越大。是否属于抄袭及抄袭的严重程度需由专家审查后决定。 3．如何防止学位论文学术不端行为检测系统成为个人报复的平台？这也是我们在认真考虑的事情，目前这套检测系统还只是在机构一级用户使用。我们制定了一套严格的管理流程。同时，在技术上，我们也采取了多种手段来最大可能的防止恶意行为，包括一系列严格的身份认证，日志记录等。 4．最小检测单位是句子，那么在每句话里改动一两个字就检测不出来了么？我们对句子也有相应的处理，有一个句子相似性的算法。并不是句子完全一样才判断为相同。句子有句子级的相似算法，段落有段落级的相似算法，计算一篇文献，一段话是否与其他文献文字相似，是在此基础上综合得出的。 5．如果是从相关书籍上摘下来的原话，但是此话已经被数据库中的相关文献也抄了进去，也就是说前面的文章也从相关书籍上摘了相同的话，但是我的论文中标注的这段话来自相关的书籍，这个算不算学术抄袭？检测系统不下结论，是不是抄袭最后还有人工审查这一关，所以，如果是您描述的这种情况，专家会有相应判断。我们的系统只是提供各种线索和依据，让人能够快速掌握检测文献的信息。6．知网检测系统的权威性？学术不端文献检测系统并不下结论，即检测系统并不对检测文献定性，只是将检测文献中与其他已发表文献中的雷同部分陈列出来，列出客观事实，而这篇检测文献是否属于学术不端，需专家做最后的审查确认。
在国内就是知网/维普/万方这三大系统，这里面的资源是不断更新的，每一年毕业生的论文除有保密要求外的基本上都是收这三大系统收录作为比对资源库，所以你就可不能大意啊国内就是三大系统，知网/维普/万方知网不对个人开放，维普及万方对个人开放万方不检测互联网及英文，知网及维普都检测互联网及英文。现在，所有学校对于硕士、博士毕业论文,必须通过论文检测查重才能算合格过关。本科毕业生，大部分211工程重点大学，采取抽检的方式对本科毕业论文进行检测查重。抄袭或引用率过高，一经检测查重查出超过百分之三十,后果相当严重。相似百分之五十以下，延期毕业，超过百分之五十者，取消学位。辛辛苦苦读个大学，花了好几万，加上几年时间，又面临找工作，学位拿不到多伤心。但是，所有检测系统都是机器，都有内在的检测原理，我们只要了解了其中内在的检测原理、系统算法、规律，通过检测报告反复修改，还是能成功通过检测，轻松毕业的。
会查重，重复太多论文是过不了的
可以复制过来一些内容，很专业的一些内容。然后再根据自己复制过来的改下说法，换下方式就可以通过查重了
复制粘贴的论文可能无法被大雅查检测到，主要是因为大雅查是基于文本匹配的检测软件，它会将论文与其数据库中的文献、网络资源等进行比对，如果存在相似的文本，就会提示出来。但是，如果您的论文是复制粘贴的其他人的论文，而且没有修改或者只是简单的改变了词序和单词，那么大雅查很可能无法检测到这种抄袭行为。此外，大雅查检测的范围也有限。它只能检测到与其数据库中的文献和网络资源相似的文本，但是如果您的论文是从其他来源复制的，比如说从图书馆的书籍、期刊杂志等复制的，那么大雅查就无法检测到。因此，为了确保论文的原创性和避免抄袭，建议您在写作过程中要注重自己的思考和整理，不要盲目地复制粘贴他人的观点和文字。同时，建议您使用多个检测工具进行检测，比如说Turnitin、iThenticate等，以确保论文的原创性。
新闻上复制的会查重，如果其他引用多，建议不要复制。
复制粘贴的论文可以被大雅查出来，这取决于使用的查重系统和复制粘贴的内容。以下是一些可能影响查重结果的因素：1. 查重系统：不同的查重系统具有不同的算法和检测方式。一些查重系统可能更容易检测出复制粘贴的内容，而一些则可能对此不敏感。2. 粘贴内容：如果您复制的内容和原文相似度很高，那么查重系统可能更容易检测到。但是，如果您复制的内容不是完全相同的语句，而是做了部分修改或删减，那么查重系统可能会认为这些内容是新的，并不会被检测出来。3. 学术成果：有些学术成果可能是公认的或者广泛引用的，例如引用的一些重要的理论或实验结果等，这些内容可能会被查重系统误认为抄袭，因此这一点需要结合实际情况进行判断。综上所述，查重结果可能会受到多种因素的影响。为了避免查重系统检测到不当的抄袭，建议在写作时充分理解和吸收文献，避免直接复制粘贴，加强自己的创作和表达能力。
复制粘贴的论文大雅查不出来的原因是，由于论文中的文字和图片都是从其他网站复制粘贴过来的，而大雅查采用的是搜索引擎技术，它只能搜索到网站上原有的文字和图片，而不能搜索到复制粘贴过来的文字和图片。解决这个问题的方法是，在复制粘贴论文的时候，要把文字和图片都重新编辑一遍，这样就可以让大雅查搜索到这些文字和图片，从而让论文能够被搜索到。此外，还可以在论文中添加一些关键词，这样也可以让大雅查搜索到论文。