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日语论文摘要万能模板

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日语论文摘要万能模板

一般是这样:はじめに(引出论题,比如说为什么想到写这个,研究意义之类的)本文(正文,下面列出主要要论述的,一般分点论述)一、二、三、おわりに(总结一下)参考文献PS:如果是大的论文,如学位论文,正文之前应该还需要写“先行研究”(文献综述)

语言是一种文化现象,不同民族的文化反映在不同民族的语言之中,离开语言所依赖的文化背景,就很难真正学好一门外语。下文是我为大家整理的关于日本文化日语论文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!

论从日语构造和日语运用看日本文化

摘要:“人的思考习惯”是指说同一种语言的人们共同拥有的一种认知习惯的总和,它是人们每天无意识的习惯性的思考和行为模式的基本,这些集合起来就成了文化。总之,用某种语法构造说出来话的意思是以说话人的认知习惯为前提在文脉中产生的。在这里面,又是和作为文脉的文化联系在一起的。要弄清楚作为文化基本要素的人们的思考习惯,一个很重要的线索就是语言。

关键词:言语文化学;言语意识;言语表现;日本文化

牧野成一说过,言语文化学既不是用文化来解释言语,也不是用言语来解释文化。假定可以显示某种言语现象和文化现象有某种必然的联系,那就要通过明确地提出具体是在什么时候来证明言语与文化的有机性,有缘性。总之,所谓言语文化学,是一门以已经作为社会习惯确定下来的言语的,文化的各个特征为研究对象,通过和两者有关系的普遍的媒介物,达到科学的记述的目的。本文即从日语的言语文化分析的视点,弄清楚日语和日本文化是如何联系在一起的。

一、日语构造里的文化

(一)词汇与日本文化

作为单词的总和的词汇,可以说在相当程度上反映了使用者所处的自然环境,社会文化,以及生活在里面的人们的思考方式。

1.词汇中反映的日本的传统文化和外来文化的交错

日语词汇里,反映了日本固有的要素和外来要素混合的文化。例如:和语•汉语•洋语混在一起。比如我们仅限于衣食住方面的话,衣方面,有「着物」「ゆかた」「帯」「寝巻」和「シャツ」「パンツ」「パジャマ」等,食方面,有「米」「汁」「豆腐」「すき焼き」「酒」和「スープ」チーズ」キャンディー」等,住方面,有「玄関」「ふすま」「縁侧」和「ドア」「ベランダ」等。所有的都包含三种语种,这三种语种的竞争,正反映了日本传统文化和外来文化交错的姿态。正是这种二重构造才是日本文化的特征。

2.特殊的一群――拟情词(拟声词•拟态词)

金田一春彦教授认为,在很多言语的词汇体系中都是空白部分的拟情词的存在是日语词汇独特的一个特点。都说日语里拟声词和拟态词多,虽然不能说这是日语独有的特色,但是这种单词的多用是感觉的,非分析性的事物认识的一个例证。例如:イライラ•ムシャクシャ•ヤキモキ…等等,对外国人来说很难理解吧。ホットする•ハレパレとした気分•スッキリした•(胸の中が)モヤモヤしている•ウンザリだ•ガッカリだ……等等,总是把感情状态分得特别细,有时描写很激烈的动作的状态的语句非常丰富,被经常和频繁地使用。ショゲル•フサギコム•ムクレル•ムカツク•ジレル•イラダツ•侘ビル……等等,对于把这种不断地感情的摇摆的心情分得如此之细的日本人来说,如果让他们生活在没有拟情词的“意思世界”里的话,他们一定会感觉到非常痛苦。

(二)语法里的文化

1.语序

日语是所谓的SOV(主语+宾语+动词)的语序。即:不仅是句子的信息,句子基本的意思构造不到句末是不能理解的。例如:

彼女は日本语教师になりました。

彼女は日本语教师になりませんでした。

彼女は日本语教师になりたかったんです。

彼女は日本语教师になりましたか。

句子是记叙句,否定句,还是疑问句不到句末是不知道的。可以说一直到句末都有悬念。如果把句子的信息当作是内部的话,像日语这种语序的语言,到达内部的过程就不显得唐突,比较缓和。从听者来看,不能从句首就能把握整个句子,而是从外部慢慢地到达内部。

2.自动词和他动词的使用选择

(1)不使用“他动词句”而选择使用“自动词句”

お茶が入りましたよ。(自动词句)

お茶を入れましたよ。(他动词句)

这是说话人给对方倒完茶之后的场景。这个时候,不用他动词句「お茶を入れましたよ」,而是多用自动词句「お茶が入っていますよ。」通过用说“茶已经倒好了”这个显示结果的句子,来抹掉主语“我”,这是一种不涉及到是“我把茶倒好了”的说法。如果使用他动词的话,就成了包含有“我为了你把茶泡好了”这种自己的行为给对方带来恩惠的说法,会让对方不愉快。

(2)取代使用“自动词句”而选择使用“他动词句”

部屋を散らかしていて、すみません。(他动词句)

部屋が散らかっていて、すみません。(自动词句)

前者和后者都经常被使用。前者的他动词句子是说明把房间弄的很乱的是自己,有一种给对方带来不愉快而道歉的表达方式。后者的自动词句子只是说明“房间很乱”这个状态,至于是谁的责任则比较暧昧的说法。这种情况下,比起用自动词句,用他动词句对道歉的心情更强烈些,会给对方更好的印象。

使用自动词句还是使用他动词句有以下的倾向:

自己(动作主人)直接或间接的会给对方带来负面的影响的情况,如果使用自动词句,容易招来“回避责任”的误解,所以为了确实的给带来麻烦的对方传达道歉的心情,比起用自动词句,有更多的会选择使用他动词句的倾向;

自己(动作主人)特意采取给对方带来正面效果的行为的情况下,如果使用他动词句,可能会给对方一种“强加于人的好意”“自我主张”等的印象,所以更倾向于使用自动词句,而不是他动词句。

二、日语运用中的文化——言语

意识和言语行为(一)定型化的寒暄语――人际关系的润滑剂

所谓寒暄是指人和人见面的时候或分开的时候互相交换的礼貌的行为或语言。通过说这些话语向对方显示敬意或亲近的心情,使人际关系和社会生活顺畅。

说到寒暄语,包括:①人跟人见面的时候,“おはようございます”“お元気ですか”等;②表示欢迎的时候,“いらっしゃいませ”等;③分开的时候,「さようなら」「おやすみなさい」等;④回家的时候,“ただいま”“お帰りなさい” ;⑤出门的时候,“いってきます」”“いってらっしゃい”等;⑥吃饭的时候,“いただきます”“ごちそうさま”等。

日语中说这种固定的寒暄语是非常普通的习惯。 “毎度ご来店くださいまして有难うございます”“毎度ご乗车有难うございます” 像这种固定的寒暄语在日本社会中也是非常广泛地使用。而在很多其他语言中这种固定的句子是一个空白的部分。但是,对日本人来说,根据用不用寒暄语,用什么样的寒暄语,可以显示对人关系的很大的不同。有可能出现只是因为没有用寒暄语而导致人际关系的不和谐,而相反,也有只是一句寒暄语而成为点亮了对方心里的暖灯的情况。总之,寒暄语作为人际关系的润滑油被使用,如果没有寒暄语,就会成为一个很难居住的世界。

(二)支配敬语行为的心理

谁都知道,日语的敬语非常发达。尊敬人的心情在哪个国家都能见到,但是把它发展到整个语法和词汇里形成了完整的体系不能不说是日语的一个特色。在日语里,除了身份,地位等社会地位以外,职业以及相关的业务里自己从属的社会、年龄、性别等的差别等等这些要素规定了当事人的用语。不仅如此,这种不同,在谈话双方之间产生了落差的时候,必须选择可以均衡这种关系的话语。

一般使用的敬语的规则是,根据对方或话题中出现的事物跟自己的关系(上下•亲疏•利益关系),使用相适应的词句。当然也会考虑“待遇表现”或“品格语”。支配日本人言语行为的条件有很多,最主要还是由“敬意” 的表达方式和微妙的对人意识里的“心里距离”的拿捏这两种来决定的。总之,就是是否把对方和对象纳入“自己人”的范围,根据这种和自己心里距离的远近来决定采用何种用词。

三、结语

日语和日本人的意识互相影响,成为一体,形成了日本列岛上独自的一个精神空间。可以被称作“民族的精神空间”。这也同时可以称作“民族的言语空间”。“日本人像”也好,“日语像”也好都可以从中得到反映。本文以日语的言语文化分析为视点,从日语构造和日语运用这两个方面分析了“日语像”和“日本人像”。可以说通过一些词汇,语法和几个言语表达方面,一定程度上弄清楚了日语和日本人的认知习惯及日本文化是如何联系在一起的。当然,日语和日本文化的联系仅就在以上两个方面也都远远不止这些。例如,还包括日语中反映日本这个民族擅长和不太擅长的方面,日语中可以反映喜欢用自动词发想的日本人,授受动词的多用,被动语态的妙用,沉默的日本人,人称代名词的省略,暧昧表现,婉转的拒绝等等。这些都当作今后的课题来讨论。

参考文献

[1]佐竹秀雄, 西尾玲见.『敬语の教科书』[M]. ベル, 2005.

[2]田洼行则. 『视点と言语行动』[M]. くろしお出版, 1997.

[3]彭飞. 『日本语の配虑表现に関する研究』[M]. 和泉书院, 2004.

[4]彭飞. 『外国人を悩ませる日本人の言语惯习に関する研究』[M]. 和泉书院, 1990.

[5]牧野成一. 『ウチとソトの言语文化学』[M]. アルク, 1996.

[6]水谷信子. 『心を伝える日本语讲座』[M]. 研究社, 1999.

[7]森田良行. 『日本语の视点』[M]. 创拓社, 1995.

[8]森山卓郎. 『コミュニケーションの日本语』[M]. 岩波书店, 2004.

[9]芳贺绥. 『日本人らしさ构造』[M]. 大修馆书店, 2004.

[10]渡辺実. 『日本语概说』[M]. 岩波书店, 1996.

浅析日本文化对日语成语的影响

摘 要: 成语是民族语言发展的产物,承载了丰富的文化信息,是语言词汇的精华。它就像一面镜子,清晰地反映出一个民族的文化特色。民族文化会在语言中留下深深的烙印,促使成语的形成。本文从自然环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰三个方面论述日本文化对日语成语的产生、发展及形成所具有的重要意义。

关键词: 日本文化 日语成语 意义

“语言是文化的载体,是文化的积淀,更是文化的映像”[1]。语言中存在丰富的文化内涵。任何一种语言的产生、变化和发展都与其民族和国家的自然地理环境、社会文化和风土人情息息相关。正如日本语言学家森田良行先生所说:“言叶はそれを生み出した社会的文化であり、文化的视点を离れて言叶を考えることは生きた本当の言叶を眺めることにはならないであろう。”[2](语言是社会文化的产物,离开文化视点考虑语言就无法看到真正的语言)成语作为语言文化中文化性最强的一个部分,更是民族文化精华的体现。它就像一面镜子,清晰地反映出了一个民族的文化特色。

民族文化势必在语言中留下深深的烙印,促使成语的形成。学习和掌握成语既能提高语言表达能力又能增强文化能力,文化能力的增强必将有助于语言能力的提高。日本文化纷繁复杂,并且吸收多国文化的精华,拥有大量的成语。本文从自然环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰三方面简述日本文化对日语成语的形成、发展的影响,引起人们对成语和文化之间关系的重视,进而更好地学习和理解日语成语,并在语言实践中准确地表达成语的意义,避免由于不了解日语成语的文化背景而产生令人啼笑皆非的错误。日本权威词典《国语大辞典》这样解释成语:“古人が作って、昔から屡々用いられて来た语句、合成语、熟语など二语以上が缠まってきた言叶。”(从古至今一直沿用的词句、复合语、熟语等由两字以上构成的语言)可见日语成语包括汉语中的二字四字词组、谚语、惯用语句、格言、歇后语等。

一、自然环境

“自然环境作为人类的生存空间,必将与该民族的文化特征有密不可分的关系”[3]。日本人自古以来生活在四面环海的岛国,盛产各种鲜鱼,从而形成了独特的“鱼文化”。从最普通廉价的「鰯」到最稀少昂贵的「鲷」都大量出现在成语中。「鰯の头も信心から」(精诚所至);「鲷の尾より鰯の头」(宁为鸡头,不为凤尾);「鲭を読む」(故弄玄虚);「鳗登り」(扶摇直上);「鲍の具の片思い」(一厢情愿);「虾で鲷を钓る」(抛砖引玉);「山芋が鳗となる」(鸡窝里飞不出金凤凰);「鲈庖丁」(尔虞我诈);「鼈が时を作る」(异想天开)等。正是因为“鱼”是日本民族饮食的主角,所以在日语成语中鱼的种类被详细地划分,各类鱼的形象特点也被刻画得淋漓尽致。因为日本的海产资源丰富,一年四季都能吃到新鲜的海产品,所以日本民族对食品调料便不像大陆民族那样急切和讲究。在日本很长时间只把「塩」和「味噌」作为调料品。「塩」是从海水中提取的,因此各家各户味道都一样。但是用大豆做的「味噌」每个人做的味道都不相同。如果自己做的「味噌」比别人的都香,就是非常自豪和骄傲的。于是便有了日语成语「出前味噌」和「味噌が上がる」(自吹自擂);「味噌を擂る」(阿谀奉承)。但是如果配方比例出了问题,「味噌」就会做失败,所以「味噌を付ける」就是“丢人现眼”的意思。此外,「味噌もくそも一绪にする」(好坏不分);「味噌が腐る」(指嗓音太坏)等。

日本列岛山多地少,自然环境特别恶劣,以种植水稻谋生。引水灌溉是种植水稻的重要必备条件,因此各家各户经常发生水源纠纷,成语「水挂け论」(争论不休)。日本民族以大米为主食,相关成语有:「他人の饭は白い」(家花不如野花香);「花より団子」(舍华求实);「朝饭前」(一蹴而就);「冷や饭を食う」(坐冷板凳);「饼は饼屋」(无论做什么事情还得依靠行家);「同じ釜の饭を食う」(亲密无间)等。

日本频繁受到台风、地震、海啸等多种自然灾害的袭击,古代日本民族对一切自然现象都十分恐惧、敬畏,他们认为人世间的一切都是有灵魂的,都是神的化身。日本民族信奉「神」「霊」「鬼」,认为「鬼」是「神」从天上、海上、山上派遣来到地上后的变形,它力大无穷、冷酷无情,非常可怕。由此产生「鬼に金棒」(如虎添翼);「鬼の空念仏」(虚情假意);「鬼の井沼に洗濯」(山中无老虎猴子称霸王);「心の鬼にする」(横下一条心);「鬼を酢にして食う」(天不怕地不怕)等。在威力无比的神和大自然面前,人要生存下来就必须祈求神灵的庇佑。日本全国各地遍布大大小小的「神社」,里面供奉着不同的「神様」,每年都要举行各式隆重的祭祀活动,日语称之为「祭り」。「最初の祭り」指非常隆重、热闹;而「後の祭り」指错过了时机,毫无意义。

自古以来,日本民族就在日本列岛上生存繁衍,岛国文化是日语成语的生命源泉。

二、风俗习惯

“风俗习惯是一个民族在特定的历史发展过程和地理环境中逐渐形成的,是文化形态的象征,涉及社会生活的各个领域”[4]。作为文化载体的语言必然会反映该民族的风俗习惯,并形成具有本民族特色的成语。

日本民族自古以来信仰「言霊」,认为语言具有不可思议的灵验力。这种灵验力既能带来吉祥,又会招致灾祸。心里期盼的吉祥如果随便说出来,「言霊」就会失效。日本民族对自己的语言慎之又慎,主张「言叶多きは悪し」(言多必失);「沈黙は最大雄弁なり」(沉默是最佳的雄辩);「口は祸の门」(祸从口出);「言わぬが花」(不说为妙)。由动词「言う」构成的成语绝大部分带有贬义:「言い落とす」(信口开河);「言いふらす」(散布谣言);「言いまくる」(口若悬河)等充分反映日本民族对发言的消极认识。

「花道」「茶道」在日本民族的生活中占据非常重要的地位,是闻名世界境界极高的艺术。成语「草花三年」指学习插花是从最一般的插草花开始练习的,但是要插得好至少要勤练三年,以此成语强调苦练基本功的重要性。「茶道」的礼仪作法非常难,但是早晨吃的普通的「お茶の子」是谁都会做的最简单的事,由此便有了成语「お茶の子さいさい」(轻而易举)。茶艺不精,随随便便泡茶有了成语「お茶を浊す」,指含糊其辞、马马虎虎。以茶为题材的成语还有「茶にする」(爱理不理);「灭茶苦茶」(乱七八糟);「番茶も出花」(旧貌换新颜)等。日本民族丰富多彩的生活是日语成语生存的肥沃土壤。 人类与动植物共同生活在地球上,朝夕相处。

某些动植物的特性在表达人的思想感情上有意想不到的效果,日语中就有很多以动植物设喻的成语。樱花是日本的国花,自古以来深受日本民族的喜爱。樱花花期极短,但它齐开齐落、绚丽缤纷、轰轰烈烈的“集团主义美”,在凋谢前依然保有高尚风范,这些都是日本民族毕生所追求的崇高品质。在日语中有许多以樱花为主题的赞美的成语:「桜は花に现れる」(才华横溢);「桜は七日」(在短暂的一生中也要干出宏伟的事业);「三日见ぬ间の桜」(世事无常)等。日本两大重要的节日五月五日的端午节一定要插「菖蒲」,九月九日的重阳节一定要装饰「菊」。但是节日第二天六日的「菖蒲」和十日的「菊」就没有任何用处。成语「六日の菖蒲」「十日の菊」就表示错失了良机,没有任何价值,意同汉语的“雨后送伞”。

「河童」是日本神话故事中虚构的动物形象,擅长游泳,也可以生活在陆地上,深得日本人的喜爱。「陆に上がった河童」(虎落平川);「河童に水泳に教える」(班门弄斧);「河童の川流れ」(淹死会水的人)。「鹈」是专门吃鱼的,它吃鱼时是一口将鱼整条吞下。借用这种现象成语「鹈呑みにする」比喻不求甚解,或是上当。「亀」是日本民族非常喜爱的动物,人们认为「亀の甲より年の功」(姜是老的辣),希望「亀は万年」(像龟一样长寿)。日本民族认为自己的体内都栖息着「虫」,这些「虫」长得什么样、藏在体内什么地方谁都不知道,平常这些「虫」潜伏在体内某个地方一动不动,让人没有任何感觉,但是一有时机它们就会行动起来令人难以对付。这些「虫」操纵指挥着每一个日本人的思想和行为,于是产生了很多以「虫」设喻的成语。「虫の居所が悪い」(心中不快);「腹の虫が纳まらぬ」(怒气难消);「虫すが走る」(令人作呕);「虫の知らせ」(事前预感);「泣き虫」(爱哭的人);「弱虫」(胆小鬼)。而「虫がいい」指体内的虫子在洋洋得意地任意摆布着人的行为,不管别人的感受,意同汉语的“自私自利”。此外,日语中还有很多以日常生活中常见的动物如猫、狗、牛、马等设喻的成语,在此就不一一列举。总之,动植物是日语成语取之不尽的丰富资源。对于这些带有特殊民族文化烙印的成语,一定要在了解民族文化内涵的基础上学习和运用,才能避免误解、误译、误传。

三、宗教信仰

宗教信仰作为一种社会意识形态,会给人的思维产生具有渗透性、持久性的动力。思想文化渗透同时伴随着语言渗透,不同的宗教信仰形成不同的文化特色,再现不同的文化传统。

日本民族的宗教信仰较为复杂,经历多个时期。中国的“道教”最早传入日本,日语成语「六神主なし」(六神无主),「六神」就是指道教中的“心、肺、肝、肾、脾、脏”六脏之神。随着中国汉字传入日本,中国古代提倡的“修己治人”的儒学也传入日本。儒教所推崇的“仁义礼智信”成为日本民族为人处世的原则,并对日本文化产生深远的影响,产生很多蕴含儒教思想的成语如:「孔子の倒れ」(人无完人);「犬に论语」(对牛弹琴);「男は松女は藤」(男尊女卑)等。公元六世纪佛教传入日本后,很大程度上改变了日本人的人生观,成了日本民族的精神支柱。在佛教中把善恶世界分为“欲界”、“色界”、“无色界”三界,最高的无色界称“有顶天”,能登上这一最高境界当然是欣喜若狂,于是有了日语成语「有顶天になる」(得意忘形、忘乎所以)。僧人们每天赤脚行乞,晚上回到寺院一定要洗净脚才给信徒们讲经说法,所以「足を洗う」表示洗手不干。和佛教有关的成语还有「仏顶面」(板着面孔、绷着脸);「仏の颜も三度」(事不过三);「お释迦に経を闻かせる」(班门弄斧);「有为转変は世の习い世」(世事无常)等。这些带有浓郁宗教色彩的日语成语已深入日本人的生活。宗教信仰给日语成语提供充足的养分。

综上所述,日语成语丰富多彩,充满智慧和创造力,是蕴含日本文化最丰富的语言单位,更是日本文化的精华和核心的体现,在文章和交流中使用率极高。我们必须重视对日语成语的学习和掌握,只有这样才能加深对日本文化的理解,并不断提高日语水平。

参考文献:

[1]苏金智.语言·社会·文化[M].北京:北京语言出版社,1994.

[2]孙满绪.日语和日本文化[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2007.

[3]顾嘉祖.跨文化交际[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2002.

[4]王秀文.日本语言文化与交际[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2007.

[5]尚学図书辞书编集部.故事·俗信ことわざ大辞典[M].日本:小学馆,1982.

[6]古学谦,刘鸿鳞.汉日成语谚语对译[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1981.

论文摘要万能模板

论文摘要万能模板,写论文是每个毕业学子的必要任务,论文写得好不好直接影响后续的学业,最近很多朋友都在写论文,下面我就来分享论文摘要万能模板,供大家参考,希望能对大家有所帮助!

1、首先介绍本文研究的背景和发展现状,指出本文尚待解决的问题和造成的`影响。一般在前言中可以挑出研究背景、目的或假设。

范例:随着(社会)的发展,(主题)在(主题领域)中扮演着越来越重要的角色。而过去,人们对(主题)的理解仅限于(背景现状)。从而导致了一系列问题(罗列3-5条本文待解决的问题),这些问题造成了(详述什么影响)。

2、之后,叙述研究采用的技术方法和路线

范例:基于此,本文拟采用(实验法、调查法、实证研究法、定量分析法)进行研究

3、再简述某某问题的技术解决策略,并带来怎样的结果

范例:并为解决上述问题,提出了(3-5条,与前述的问题对应)解决方案。

4、对上述内容总结,将结果上升到对社会、科学研究等领域,突出其作用价值。在结论章节中可以挑出有用的句子。注意避免夸大结论

范例:期望能够促进(主题)的发展,推动(主题领域)继续更好地发展。

5、最后,将以上内容重新整理,组成200-300字的一个段落。确保文意顺畅,删除文章里没有提及的信息和不必要的方法细节。

1、基于、、、理 论,本文分析了……; 当前,……(背景),本文从……角度/方向/领域进行关于……的研究; 针对……问题/现象,从……方面,利用……方法进行研究。

2、本文采用……研究方法/研究模型,综合比对……理 论; 根据……研究方法/理 论模型,充分考量/考虑/分析……,对……问题进行了深入探索。

3、研究表明/显示/证实,……; 数据证明,……;……的发现,对……问题的解决和突破具有重要意义/影响。

4、建议……;实践证明,……; 为……,已证明……。

5、本论文以《……》为切入点,重点研究……。本文分为四个部分,第一部分简单分析了……现状;第二部分阐述了……模式;第三部分……模式现存问题;第四部分打造……的思考。

论文摘要万能英语模板

英文论文摘要模板

英文论文摘要怎么写,你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板,希望能够帮到大家!

ABSTRACT

As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.

This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.

Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor

Abstract

Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.

Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.

Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.

As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.

Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which are“Temptress,,,”Mother Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.

Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve experienced from a chauvinist to a real womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.

Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.

Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.

The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.

Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.

For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.

In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.

Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q & A system, largely improving the financial Q & A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.

Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板,希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05),Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture), aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999),the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b),andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008),to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English),FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus), the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

论文摘要万能模板英语

下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板,希望对你们有帮助。

Abstract

Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.

According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.

Abstract

A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。

Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.

Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.

Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.

Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05),Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.

Abstract

The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture), aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?

This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999),the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b),andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008),to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.

The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.

Abstract

Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.

This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.

To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.

There are three hypotheses:

1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?

Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.

Abstract

In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.

Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.

Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.

Abstract

Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.

With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English),FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus), the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.

The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.

Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.

原则上讲,中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要,摘要的内容主要是 ① 点明主题,解析文章的目的或意图; ② 介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌; ③ 提出结论或建议,以供读者参考。但是,英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的篇幅可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性。对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容“差不多就行”,因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题。二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律: 1) 英文摘要的时态。 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳,常用一般现在时、一般过去时,少用现在完成时、过去完成时,进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。A. 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。例如: This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… , The result shows (reveals) that… , It is found that… , The conclusions are… , The author suggests that… .涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等,也要用一般现在时。B. 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)。例如: The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指出的是,用一般过去时描述的发现、现象,往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的,而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。C. 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用,但不是不用。现在完成时把过去发生的或过去已完成的事情与现在联系起来,而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情,或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如: Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy. 2) 英文摘要的语态。 采用何种语态,既要考虑摘要的特点,又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短,尽量不要随便混用,更不要在一个句子里混用。在多数情况下采用被动语态。采用被动语态的情况主要有:说明事实经过时,某件事是谁做的,无须一一证明;为强调动作承受者;有些情况必须用强调的事物做主语,例如: In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常使用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。而且有时摘要中谓语动词采用主动语态有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。例如: The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语感要强。 3) 英文摘要的人称。 摘要的首句多用第三人称 This paper… 等开头,或采用更简洁的被动语态,一般不用第一人称。 4)遣词造句。 掌握一定的遣词造句技巧,简单、准确地表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。A. 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如,英文中有不少动词 do, run, get, take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词诸如 perform, achieve 等,以便于读者理解。B. 造句。尽量使用短句,长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。一是熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为( 1 )表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is…… ( 2 )表示研究的对象与方法 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… ( 3 )表示研究的结果: The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… ( 4 )表示结论、观点或建议: The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 。 二是尽量采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变得复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的 “时间差”,而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定。采用 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。 5) 注意事项。 在英文摘要的写作过程中应避免一些常见的错误。 A. 冠词。主要是定冠词 the 易被漏用。 the 用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握,用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则,即当我们用 the 时,听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如: The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现在缩略语越来越多,要注意区分 a 和 an ,如 an X ray. B. 数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词,如: Three hundred samples are collected… 中的 Three hundred 不要写成 300. C. 单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认,从而造成谓语形式出错。总之,多看英文文献,积累经验,摸索规律,提高英文写作水平,才能写好英文摘要。 英文摘要常见句型1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key findings.20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate 4. 关键词关键词是反映文章最主要内容的术语,对文献检索有重要作用。关键词一般用名词,而且从标题或摘要中选取,每篇文章可选 3 ~ 8 个关键词,文章题名中的人名、地名也可作为关键词标出。应标注中英文关键词。中、英文关键词应一一对应。中文关键词前应冠以“关键词:”,英文关键词前冠以“ Key words :”作为标识。多个关键词之间应以分号分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。将关键词扩展成词组 / 短语,毋用单一词汇,而是在单一词汇基础上进行扩展,如:营销→网络营销→网络营销管理。切记避免关键字堆砌。

英文摘要格式如下:

1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。

2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。

3、英文字体与行间距:统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,倍行间距。

4、英文题目:使用三号字加粗。

5、英文摘要:“Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。

6、英文关键词:“Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。

论文摘要应包含以下内容:

(1)从事这一研究的目的和重要性。

(2)研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作。

(3)获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解。

(4)结论或结果的意义。

以上内容参考:百度百科-摘要

以上内容参考:百度百科-论文摘要

那是因为你的单词在一行没有写完跳到第二行了,这个不影响的,如果你实在不想这样,就把你第一行的最后那个单词拆开写到第二行一部分,但记住要把用一个连接符号“-”,不然别人会以为你那是2个单词了哦,这个符号写在第一行最后单词的拆开处。

erp论文摘要万能模板

如下:

一、什么是论文摘要?

1.论文摘要即“摘其要点而发”。

2.论文摘要是对论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。

3.摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

4.论文摘要就是论文内容提要,是在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,提取论文的主要信息。

5.内涵:短文

6.外延:陈述论文主要内容的简明、确切的,不加解释和评论的。

7.论文摘要是简明、确切、不加解释和评论地陈述论文主要内容的短文。

二、论文摘要起什么作用?

不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。

1.读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足。现代科技文献信息浩如烟海,读者检索到论文题名后是否会阅读全文,主要就是通过阅读摘要来判断;所以,摘要担负着吸引读者和将文章的主要内容介绍给读者的任务。

2. 为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。论文发表后,文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以直接利用,论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具。所以论文摘要的质量高低,直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。

三、论文摘要应包含那些内容?

摘要的内容应包含与论文同等量的主要信息,供读者确定有无必要阅读全文。

摘要的'四要素:

1.目的: 研究的目的、范围、重要性;

2.方法: 采用的手段和方法;

3.结果: 完成了哪些工作取得的数据和结果;

4.结论: 得出的重要结论及主要观点,论文的新见解。

(1)目的:指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件,不是主题的简单重复。

(2)方法:简述课题的工作流程,研究了哪些主要内容,在这个过程中都做了哪些工作,包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。

(3)结果:陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值,包括通过调研、实验、观察并剖析其不理想的局限部分。

(4)结论:通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论,包括从中取得证实的正确观点,进行分析研究,比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义,理论与实际相结合的价值。

ERP管理是指建立在信息技术基础上,以系统化的管理思想,为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。下面是我为大家精心推荐的erp供应链管理论文,希望能够对您有所帮助。 erp供应链管理论文篇一 浅析企业ERP管理 【摘要】 随着市场经济的发展,企业原有的经营发展模式已不适应激烈的竞争要求。ERP作为现代会计与现代信息技术的融合,它的实施已经成为改善企业管理,实现企业管理信息化,增强企业核心竞争力的重要措施。针对ERP运行现状、存在的问题,可以采取哪些措施与对策来成功解决?探讨和研究这一问题对企业的发展具有现实意义。 【关键词】 企业资源计划(ERP) 现状 问题 解决 1. ERP系统的基本概念 ERP系统是指建立在信息技术基础上,以系统化的管理思想,为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。它是从MRP(物料需求计划)发展而来的新一代集成化管理信息系统,它扩展了MRP的功能,其核心思想是供应链管理。它跳出了传统企业边界,从供应链范围去优化企业的资源。ERP系统集信息技术与先进管理思想于一身,成为现代企业的运行模式,反映时代对企业合理调配资源,最大化地创造社会财富的要求,成为企业在信息时代生存、发展的基石[1]。对改善企业业务流程、提高企业核心竞争力具有显著作用。 2. ERP系统的现状 随着信息技术的不断发展,企业面临的是一个越来越激烈的竞争环境,ERP却由于具有更多的功能而渐被企业所青睐。它可为企业提供投资管理、风险分析、跨国家跨地区的集团型企业信息集成、获利分析、销售分析、市场预测、决策信息分析、促销与分销、售后服务与维护、全面质量管理、运输管理、人力资源管理、项目管理以及利用Internet实现电子商务等MRP-II不具备的功能,企业能利用这些工具来扩大经营管理范围,紧跟瞬息万变的市场动态,参与国际大市场的竞争,获得丰厚的回报。 3. 企业会计信息化存在的问题 会计信息化是企业管理信息系统的一个重要组成部分,管理信息系统是财务、业务和人事等信息系统的有机结合。一个企业会计信息化系统的实施过程,同时也是企业管理理念、管理模式、业务流程等方面改造的过程[2]。由于企业自身原因、外部环境的影响以及财会工作自身的特点,企业会计信息化工作实施过程中存在着诸多问题,现分析如下: 3.1对会计信息化的重要性认识不足。 部分管理者还未充分认识到会计信息化的意义及重要性,认为会计信息化只是会计核算工具的改变,看不到其对会计职能、企业管理方法和管理流程的深刻影响,有些人甚至认为会计信息化只是用计算机代替账册,仅把会计信息化当作树立企业形象的一种手段。 3.2缺乏复合型的会计信息化人才 企业的会计信息化人员大多是由过去的手工会计、出纳等经过短期培训而来,他们在使用微机处理业务的过程中,不能够灵活运用软件处理的会计数据进行财务信息的加工处理,在上机时经常出现误操作,使会计电算化难以发挥其应有的作用。而计算机维护人员对财务知识又不甚了解,不能够把计算机知识和会计等财务知识融合在一起。因此,在实施会计电算化时,必须首先培养电算化人员的会计和计算机专长,两者缺一不可。 3.3统一数据接口问题 任何一款软件都是在不断升级的,企业ERP系统同样也需要升级。但是,升级则面临与软件产品接口的不对应问题。由于我国目前的财务软件都是各软件公司自行开发的,各自使用不同的操作平台和支持软件,数据结构不同,编程风格各异,为技术保密,相互没有交流和沟通,没有业界的协议,自然也没有统一的数据接口,在系统与系统之间很难实现数据信息的共享。 4. 存在问题的解决对策 会计信息化是一个企业走向成熟的标志。随着经济的迅速发展,全球经济一体化进程的加快,为了促使会计电算化处理的信息更系统化、智能化,给企业带来经济效益,针对以上会计信息化应用中存在的问题,提出以下完善的对策: 4.1强化会计信息化重要性的认识 企业领导应充分认识会计信息化的重要性,大力支持会计信息化的实施和运作。具体可采取的措施有:在本企业内部设置专门负责会计电算化实施的主管领导,并对实施效果负主要责任;根据本企业的实际情况和本地区的整体经济发展状况,制订本企业会计信息化实施的工作规划等。企业财务人员在具体实施会计电算化的过程中,在确定系统目标与规模的基础上,要加强对手工系统的研究与分析,应编制实施计划和方案,对各个处理环节的权限和职责做出明确规划,以最小的成本,实现实施会计电算化的最大效益。 4.2重视复合型的会计信息化人才培养 为了适应会计电算化工作的要求,企业要重视复合型的电算化会计人才的培养,造就一大批既精通计算机信息技术,又熟悉财务知识,并且能够将两者有机地结合起来,进行财务信息的加工和分析,满足各方对财务信息需求的复合型人才。进行合理的系统培训,并做好培训的考勤监督工作,并在培训期末进行书面和实际操作考核。同时,在会计电算化的具体实施过程中,注重对财会人员计算机的技能培训,注重对计算机维护人员的财务知识培训,在计算机与财务两个方面并重,造就出高素质的一线应用与系统维护及能够进行二次开发应用的会计信息化复合型人才。 4.3建立通用、统一的财务软件协议 目前企业信息化建设的方向是实现对企业物流、资金流和信息流一体化、集成化的管理。财务软件日益成为企业全面管理软件中的财务管理模块组成部分,所以,要求现有的财务软件应有很好的融合理论与开发技术,能够实现不同系统层次的数据转换[3]。要做到这一点,首先,应建立一个通用、统一的财务软件协议。在该协议中应明确规定相同的数据接口或者规定公共的转换接口,提高数据的标准接口技术,比如输入、输出数据库名称、格式、类型、字段名称等,从而实现不同的数据可以相互转换,进而被识别和接受,能够在不同软件系统下直接使用。其次,应由相关的上级领导协调各部门情况,提供一个适应大多数部门情况的会计信息化协议,各部门遵照执行,使各部门有共同的工作方式。 结论 随着市场经济的不断发展,企业对会计信息质量的要求越来越高,如何科学、合理地进行会计信息化建设,成为企业发展中面临的课题。本文运用会计信息化相关理论,分析了ERP系统应用的总体情况,剖析了企业信息化存在的诸如对会计信息化的重要性认识不足、缺乏复合型的会计信息化人才、统一数据接口问题等问题。提出了强化会计信息化重要性的认识、重视复合型的会计信息化人才培养、建立通用、统一的财务软件协议等具体的解决对策。 会计信息化过程是一个持续改进的过程,企业在实施会计信息化过程中受原有思维模式的影响还存在着各种不同的问题,因此应根据自身的特点结合会计信息化和企业管理的要求,不断更新和完善财务软件,以促进企业会计信息化的发展,适应企业管理需要,进而达到提高企业竞争力的目的。 参考文献: [1] 崔晓斐.信息化时代的ERP[J].中国管理信息化. 2009, (7). [2] 王惠芬.我国企业ERP实施的能力成熟度分析[J].管理科学研究. 2010, (3). [3] 陆慧娟.电子商务与ERP整合应用探讨[J].现代计算机. 2010, (12). erp供应链管理论文篇二 ERP中的财务管理 摘要:自从2001年中国在加入世界贸易组织之后,优秀的管理经验与管理系统被吸收和整合进中国企业管理系统中,其中ERP就是备受推崇的一个软件系统。现本文主要探究对ERP中的财务管理, 进阶地进行分析与思考,旨在探讨于国内企业关于ERP生存之道,从而为在激烈竞争的国际环境竞争的国内企业运营管理提供参考。 关键词:ERP;财务管理 中图分类号:F230 文献识别码:A 文章编号:1001-828X(2015)011-000-01 一、ERP 的内涵及特点 (一) ERP的内涵 ERP系统是企业资源计划(Enterprise Resource Planning )的简称,是指建立在信息技术基础上,以系统化的管理思想,为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。ERP是在线上将企业的数据合并成一个统一体,科学合理地规划ERP是针对物资资源管理(物流)、人力资源管理(人流)、财务资源管理(财流)、信息资源管理(信息流)这些资源,使资源达到最大效用。ERP是高效的信息管理运营系统,可以高效地管理与运营企业的方方面面。同时,它还是具有自主优化企业资源利用与管理的科学合理的解决方案。通过这几十年应用与完善,ERP越来越趋于完美,被应用到世界各地,ERP也被我国企业所接受它也不再只是,不仅仅一套的软件,而是企业内部资源管理的制胜法宝。 (二) ERP的特点 让ERP系统逐渐成为信息化社会下企业资源运营与管理的中枢,它主要有以下特点: 1. ERP系统具有整合性 ERP供应链管理思想,将所有参与单元纳入一个整体,让所有资源综合使用, 省去中间多余的步骤,简化生产流程,从而节省成本,增强管理,发挥整体性的优势。另外在企业内部,ERP系统运行集成化,软件的运作跨越企业内部各业务部门,收集各部门数据,进而计算技术分析与系统性控制。ERP的系统性让企业内部各业务不在单独运行,而是发挥整体性优势。 2. ERP系统具有系统性 拥有多个功能模块,各模块之间协调作用,依次进行,使业务流程系统化,使各级业务部门发挥合理秩序地进行分工,从而达到成本最低,效益最大化。 3. ERP系统高度信息化 通过云计算,能够很好企业能够适应风云突变的市场。 ERP的数据是实时更新的,管理层能够通过ERP对市场与运营环境的信息进行实时和在线的查询,并且做出即时企业决策,从而加强企业了对经营环境改变的快速反应能力,提升企业在变化市场的适应能力。 4. ERP系统具有实时控制性 ERP通过强大计算能力和网络传输能力,使对企业的实时控制性成为现实。ERP系统连接了各业务部门,传递实时信息,经过计算和分析进行实时管理,也可以将实时情况发呈现给企业管理层,由管理层进行决策从而达到实时控制。 二、ERP系统对企业财务管理的影响 目前,财务管理的工作主要是运用货币计量形式,通过确认、计量、记录和报告,从数量上连续、系统和完整的反映各个单位的经济活动情况,为加强经济管理和提高经济效益提供管理信息。财务管理在既缺少管理层面的工作,更缺少决策层面的工作,从而无法发挥其全部职能。当ERP 系统环境下,一大部分管理工作有计算机自动化处理,使财务管理工时变得更短。 (一)ERP 系统在财务管理方面由核算性向管理性转变 ERP系统的存在让合适核算工作变得简单与迅捷,各部门只要将个财务数据输入到ERP系统中,核算就会瞬间完成,省时又省力,而且更准确。财务管理可以不用进行这繁琐的工作,而潜心研究和分析ERP上的数据, 从而实现财务核算向财务管理的转变。 (二) ERP完善财务管理水平 ERP具有强大的实时监控能力和数据计算分析能力,所以其可以更加准确地预测和管理利润。但销售部门及时将相关数据更新到ERP,信息化技术优势就将显现出来,计算机的技术分析能力与在线实时传输能力,让ERP能实时对财务的预算与控制进行全面的分析。另外,ERP系统具有记录与计算能力,一切收入与支出明细都记录在案,并且结合软件优化能够实时有效地进行查询。ERP的引入能够胜任管理一些职责如记录、核算、分析企业内部资金运转的情况,在一些职能由于信息技术的优势其可以做得更好更方便,因此ERP在不断完善财务管理水平。 (三) ERP 管理系统在企业财务管理中的操作 财务管理的工作主要是运用货币计量形式,通过确认、计量、记录和报告实行对企业内部的监控。在引入了ERP系统的企业中,重心将向财务活动的计划、分析、预测和控制等方面迁移, 其侧重于在事前进行预测与计划, 与事后的科学计算与反馈。ERP系统在管理管理这一子模块, 是财务管理结合供应链的管理思想,目前做得趋向于完美,大大改善了企业内部的财务流程业务,已经成为众多企业内部财务的核心系统,被财务管理人员熟练使用于日常工作之中。 (四) ERP 可以优秀地进行现代企业成本管理 成本管理是现代企业中非常重要的一项,也是非常复杂和费力的工作。做好成本管理需要一个触及企业内部各业务的高度集成化的管理系统,才能有效科学地控制实施过程的产生成本, 进而平衡各项业务之间的运作。ERP系统是一种供应链的管理思想,具有高度集成化的特性,能够实时科学做好计划,并且监控险实际成本,还能及时将信息反馈给控制中心与将数据分享其他业务,因此ERP 可以优秀地进行现代企业成本管理 三、结论 综上所述,ERP在信息时代是以大数据为导向的现代企业管理系统,是一个以信息技术为基础的系统化管理思想,是方便企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。它可以对企业内部各方面进行集成管理,其中财务管理是其核心模块之一。但是在作为信息化时代下的产物,ERP 系统也具有其他信息平台共有的网络安全隐患,为保持ERP系统的信息安全和运行稳定性,企业必须完善适合ERP系统的财务管理管理制度,提高网络安全,同时强化管理内部控制,确保ERP系统的正常运行,从而充分发挥 ERP 系统的优势,提高财务管理工作质量和效率,为企业带来更即时、更广泛、更长远的经济效益与社会效益。 参考文献: [1]任大安.论信息技术对财务管理的影响及对策[J].前沿,2006(10). [2]殷雪峰.加快信息化建设进程,提高财务管理水平[J].新疆广播电视大学学报,2006(04). [3]曲秀丽.浅议网络环境下财务管理的新观念[J].芜湖职业技术学院学报,2008(02). [4]刘小群.浅谈信息技术在高校财务管理工作中的运用[J].电脑知识与技术,2012(21). 作者简介:谭 杰(1972�C),女,民族:汉,籍贯:吉林省东丰县,学历:大本,职称:会计师,研究方向:ERP中的财务管理。看了“erp供应链管理论文”的人还看: 1. 供应链管理论文 2. erp数据管理论文 3. erp企业管理论文 4. erp论文范文 5. erp生产管理论文

s论文摘要万能模板

如下:

一、什么是论文摘要?

1.论文摘要即“摘其要点而发”。

2.论文摘要是对论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。

3.摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。

4.论文摘要就是论文内容提要,是在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,提取论文的主要信息。

5.内涵:短文

6.外延:陈述论文主要内容的简明、确切的,不加解释和评论的。

7.论文摘要是简明、确切、不加解释和评论地陈述论文主要内容的短文。

二、论文摘要起什么作用?

不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。

1.读者尽快了解论文的主要内容,以补充题名的不足。现代科技文献信息浩如烟海,读者检索到论文题名后是否会阅读全文,主要就是通过阅读摘要来判断;所以,摘要担负着吸引读者和将文章的主要内容介绍给读者的任务。

2. 为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提供方便。论文发表后,文摘杂志或各种数据库对摘要可以直接利用,论文摘要的索引是读者检索文献的重要工具。所以论文摘要的质量高低,直接影响着论文的被检索率和被引频次。

三、论文摘要应包含那些内容?

摘要的内容应包含与论文同等量的主要信息,供读者确定有无必要阅读全文。

摘要的'四要素:

1.目的: 研究的目的、范围、重要性;

2.方法: 采用的手段和方法;

3.结果: 完成了哪些工作取得的数据和结果;

4.结论: 得出的重要结论及主要观点,论文的新见解。

(1)目的:指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件,不是主题的简单重复。

(2)方法:简述课题的工作流程,研究了哪些主要内容,在这个过程中都做了哪些工作,包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。

(3)结果:陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值,包括通过调研、实验、观察并剖析其不理想的局限部分。

(4)结论:通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论,包括从中取得证实的正确观点,进行分析研究,比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义,理论与实际相结合的价值。

论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定,通常中文摘要不超过 300 字,英文摘要不超过 250 个实词, 中英文摘要应一致。硕士毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。论文摘要的分类根据内容的不同, 摘要可分为以下三大类: 报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道-指示性摘要(1) 报道性摘要: 也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要, 其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论. 通常, 这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文.(2) 指示性摘要: 也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要或论点摘要, 一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题, 而不涉及论据和结论, 多用于综述、会议报告等. 该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文.(3) 报道-指示性摘要: 以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分, 以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。

论文摘要万能模板

论文摘要万能模板,写论文是每个毕业学子的必要任务,论文写得好不好直接影响后续的学业,最近很多朋友都在写论文,下面我就来分享论文摘要万能模板,供大家参考,希望能对大家有所帮助!

1、首先介绍本文研究的背景和发展现状,指出本文尚待解决的问题和造成的`影响。一般在前言中可以挑出研究背景、目的或假设。

范例:随着(社会)的发展,(主题)在(主题领域)中扮演着越来越重要的角色。而过去,人们对(主题)的理解仅限于(背景现状)。从而导致了一系列问题(罗列3-5条本文待解决的问题),这些问题造成了(详述什么影响)。

2、之后,叙述研究采用的技术方法和路线

范例:基于此,本文拟采用(实验法、调查法、实证研究法、定量分析法)进行研究

3、再简述某某问题的技术解决策略,并带来怎样的结果

范例:并为解决上述问题,提出了(3-5条,与前述的问题对应)解决方案。

4、对上述内容总结,将结果上升到对社会、科学研究等领域,突出其作用价值。在结论章节中可以挑出有用的句子。注意避免夸大结论

范例:期望能够促进(主题)的发展,推动(主题领域)继续更好地发展。

5、最后,将以上内容重新整理,组成200-300字的一个段落。确保文意顺畅,删除文章里没有提及的信息和不必要的方法细节。

1、基于、、、理 论,本文分析了……; 当前,……(背景),本文从……角度/方向/领域进行关于……的研究; 针对……问题/现象,从……方面,利用……方法进行研究。

2、本文采用……研究方法/研究模型,综合比对……理 论; 根据……研究方法/理 论模型,充分考量/考虑/分析……,对……问题进行了深入探索。

3、研究表明/显示/证实,……; 数据证明,……;……的发现,对……问题的解决和突破具有重要意义/影响。

4、建议……;实践证明,……; 为……,已证明……。

5、本论文以《……》为切入点,重点研究……。本文分为四个部分,第一部分简单分析了……现状;第二部分阐述了……模式;第三部分……模式现存问题;第四部分打造……的思考。

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