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论文摘要中英对照

Small and medium-sized private enterprises to build the core competitiveness of the research 【Abstract】 core competitiveness is the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in the most powerful driving force of the most important, is to enhance small and medium-sized businesses a source of competitive advantage. How can small and medium-sized enterprises from its own characteristics and individuality, and enhance core competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises should become the focus of consideration to the question. This article from the core competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses definition, through the analysis of small and medium-sized private enterprises operating status, the lack of competitiveness of its core issues, and small and medium-sized private enterprises through research in the management of the errors, as well as its opportunities, advantages and disadvantage and so on, made my way out for small and medium-sized private enterprises and trends, as well as how to build its core competitiveness. Today explore the fierce competition in the market, shortening the life cycle of aggravated circumstances, how to improve the overall quality of small and medium enterprises, to strengthen their capacity for sustainable development. This has become the current problems facing SMEs. Key words small and medium-sized enterprise's core competitiveness challenge response management errors opportunities

Teachers' teaching behaviors, including teachers of the aspects of teaching content, teaching organization, implementation method and small aspect is in words and deeds of teachers, teaching behavior and the relationship between the quality of classroom teaching is obvious. Proceeding from the classroom teaching behavior problems, affects the effect of classroom teaching, teaching conduct analysis of the current teaching behavior change trend, its purpose is to enhance the quality of classroom teaching differentiates the classroom behavior, and develop the defects, and practice.

Abstract: Behavior of teachers in the teaching classroom, including manner in ognanizaitons of teaching contents and way of implement teaching from the main aspect, representing in words and deeds of teachers from secondary aspect, then we can see the relations of behavior in the teaching classroom and qualities of teaching from this. This text researches behavior in the teaching classroom that affects impacts of teaching and analyses transform trends of behavior in the teaching classroom now. The purpose is finding behavior in the teaching classroom which is in favor of improving qualities of defects and encourage ourself, know more and do better in : behavior in the teaching classroom, behavior problem in the teaching classroom, transform trends

The teachers' teaching behavior in the classes includes not only the organizing forms and teaching ways of the teaching content in the big aspect,but also in every word and action of the also has a close connection to the quality of the aspect of the teaching behaviors,this thesis mainly deeply discusses the behaviors which influences the teaching effects and then analyses the change trend of aims to find out the way that can improve the quality of teaching so that the teachers can improve themselves.

动物营养学报中英文对照摘要

《动物营养学报》是由我国畜牧科学界的先躯、动物营养学科的奠基人许振英教授等老一辈专家者于1989年创办的,创办初始,以内部刊物的形式试刊,刊名《中国动物营养学报》。1994年7月,经国家科委及新闻出版署批准,1995年更名为《动物营养学报》。

学术堂整合了一份中国农业科学类发表期刊论文的写作格式及字体大小,供大家参考:一、封面题目:小二号黑体加粗居中.各项内容:四号宋体居中.二、目录目录:二号黑体加粗居中.章节条目:五号宋体.行距:单倍行距.三、论文题目小一号黑体加粗居中.四、中文摘要1、摘要:小二号黑体加粗居中.2、摘要内容字体:小四号宋体.3、字数:300字左右.4、行距:20磅5、关键词:四号宋体,加粗.词3-5个,每个词间空一格.五、英文摘要1、ABSTRACT:小二号、内容字体:小四号、单倍行距.4、Keywords:四号加粗.词3-5个,小四号TimesNewRoman.词间空一格.六、绪论小二号黑体加粗居中.内容500字左右,小四号宋体,行距:20磅七、正文(一)正文用小四号宋体(二)安保、管理类毕业论文各章节按照一、二、三、四、五级标题序号字体格式章:标题小二号黑体,加粗,居中.节:标题小三号黑体,加粗,居中.一级标题序号如:一、二、三、标题四号黑体,加粗,顶格.二级标题序号如:(一)(二)(三)标题小四号宋体,不加粗,顶格.三级标题序号如:.标题小四号宋体,不加粗,缩进二个字.四级标题序号如:(1)(2)(3)标题小四号宋体,不加粗,缩进二个字.五级标题序号如:①②③标题小四号宋体,不加粗,缩进二个字.医学、体育类毕业论文各章序号用阿拉伯数字编码,层次格式为:1××××(小2号黑体,居中)××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体).××××(3号黑体,居左)×××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体).××××(小3号黑体,居左)××××××××××××××××××××(内容用4号宋体).①××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)a.××××(用与内容同样大小的宋体)(三)表格每个表格应有自己的表序和表题,表序和表题应写在表格上方正中.表序后空一格书写表题.表格允许下页接续写,表题可省略,表头应重复写,并在右上方写"续表××".(四)插图每幅图应有图序和图题,图序和图题应放在图位下方居中处.图应在描图纸或在洁白纸上用墨线绘成,也可以用计算机绘图.(五)论文中的图、表、公式、算式等,一律用阿拉伯数字分别依序连编编排序号.序号分章依序编码,其标注形式应便于互相区别,可分别为:图、表、公式()等.文中的阿拉伯数字一律用半角标示.八、结束语小二号黑体加粗居中.内容300字左右,小四号宋体,行距:20磅.九、致谢小二号黑体加粗居中.内容小四号宋体,行距:20磅十、参考文献(一)小二号黑体加粗居中.内容8-10篇,五号宋体,行距:20磅.参考文献以文献在整个论文中出现的次序用[1]、[2]、[3]……形式统一排序、依次列出.(二)参考文献的格式:著作:[序号]作者.译者.书名.版本.出版地.出版社.出版时间.引用部分起止页期刊:[序号]作者.译者.文章题目.期刊名.年份.卷号(期数).引用部分起止页会议论文集:[序号]作者.译者.文章名.文集名.会址.开会年.出版地.出版者.出版时间.引用部分起止页十一、附录(可略去)小二号黑体加粗居中.英文内容小四号TimesNewRoman.单倍行距.翻译成中文字数不少于500字内容五号宋体,行距:20磅.

如果通过终审了 一般上稿没问题了 但是 每个期刊都有它用稿的周期的 它都会一期压着一期往后推 所以 可能是你的稿子排版到后面的期档了 不要急 可以电询一下 耐心等待一下吧 祝贺你上稿 希望对你有帮助 希望获得满意答案

英语文章中英文对照

1、However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard is not so bad as you looks poorest when you are fault-finder will find faults in your life,poor as it may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man\'s abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a town\'s poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. 2、不论你的生活如何卑贱,你要面对它生活,不要躲避它,更别用恶言咒骂它。它不像你那样坏。你最富有的时候,倒是看似最穷。爱找缺点的人就是到天堂里也能找到缺点。你要爱你的生活,尽管它贫穷。甚至在济贫院里,你也还有愉快、高兴、光荣的时候阳反射在济贫院的窗上,像身在富户人家窗上一样光亮;在那门前,积雪同在早春融化。我只看到,一个从容的人,在哪里也像在皇宫中一样,生活得心满意足而富有愉快的思想。城镇中的穷人,我看,倒往往是过着最独立不羁的生活。也许因为他们很伟大以受之无愧。

阅读是人生的一种美好享受。阅读经典美文可以让学生的心灵得到滋润和净化,穿越时空与作者展开灵魂的交流,在不断提升的精神境界中让生命之树得以枝繁叶茂。我整理了中英对照的英语小短文,欢迎阅读!

The first is a form of courtesy, the second may lead to embarrassment. To snarl at play has something of the beast and seems to have more. Audacious raillery is delightful: to stand it proves power. To show oneself annoyed causes the other to be annoyed. Best leave it alone; the surest way not to put on the cap that might fit. The most serious matters have arisen out of jests. Nothing requires more tact and attention. Before you begin to joke know how far the subject of your joke is able to bear it.

前者是一种雅量,后者会让你陷入尴尬。 在玩乐时动不动就发脾气的人如野兽,甚至比野兽还野蛮。绝妙的玩笑令人心情开朗, 而知道怎样接受玩笑则是才能的标记。若你表现出正在生气,那只会让其他人更多地挑剔你。避免被人当成傻瓜的最可靠方法是,最好不去理会。在玩笑中往往会产生严肃的问题。没有比开玩笑需要更多的警觉和技巧的了。在开玩笑之前,要弄清楚对方能承受你的玩笑的程度。

You talk when you stop being at peace with your thoughts. When you can no longer dwell in the solitude of your heart, you will talk, and the sound becomes a pastime. And in much of your talking, thinking is half murdered. Thought is like a bird, and once in a cage of words it can unfold its wings, but not fly.

当你不在思考的时候或者内心不再感到孤独时,你便开始说话,这时候,声音就变成了一种消遣。在你说话的大部分时间里,思想处于被半扼杀的状态下。思想如同小鸟儿,一旦被关进笼子里,或许能展开翅膀,但再也不能飞翔。

There are people who talk ceaselessly for fear of being alone. And there are those who talk, and unknowingly show a truth about themselves which they themselves do not understand. And there are those who have the truth within them, and know it, and for that very reason don’t try to put it into words.

有人因害怕孤独而不停地说话。有些人夸夸其谈,却缺乏知识和见地去阐述一个他们自己并不能理解的真理。当然也有这种人,他们心里有很多真理也知道这些真理的含义,正因为如此,才不用把它们付诸于言语。

When you meet a friend on the road or in a market, let your spirit move your lips and direct your tongue. Let the voice within your mind speak to the ear of him. His soul will keep the truth of your heart, just as the taste of the wine is remembered when its colour is forgotten.

当你在路边或市场遇见你的朋友时,让你内心的思想控制你的嘴唇,指挥你的舌头。用你内心的声音说给他的耳朵听。 因为他的灵魂会记住你内心的真话,正如美酒的味道会被记住而颜色却会被淡忘一样。

I think each of us has a place that stands out in our memory. I have such a place that often made me happy many years ago. But sometimes I ask myself if this place would be as beautiful as I remember if I were to go back. Perhaps I’ve made it beautiful in my mind.

我想,每个人心目中都有一个去处,在记忆中熠熠发光。我心目中就有这么一个地方,在很多年前它总让我感到快乐。然而,有时候我会问自己,如果故地重游,这个地方是否还依旧如记忆中那般美丽?或许,我只是在心中将它美化了吧。

This place is meaningful to me because it is part of the county I loved and grew up in, and part of my childhood. It is in a town named Pikeville.

这个地方对我来说意义深远,因为它就在我所钟爱和成长的县里面,也是我童年的一部分。它在一个叫匹克维尔的小镇里。

Pikeville has been polluted by the coal industry, but has this clean place on a hill. The hill has seven old trees, and in summer is covered with wild flowers. I used to go there to sit on a rock, with the colorful flowers all around me.

匹克维尔小镇因煤炭工业的发展被污染,但是在一座小山上却保留着这样一处清洁之地。小山上长着七棵古树,每逢夏日,鲜花遍野。我常常去那儿,坐在岩石上,让五彩缤纷的花儿将我包围。

I liked to go there to lie down on the grass, listen to the wind, kiss the flowers and watch the leaves moving. The wind seemed part of my breath, the leaves part of my song, and the flowers part of my purity, while the trees were my friends. I used to hug them every time I went there.

我喜欢去那里的草地上躺着,听听风声,亲吻花朵,看树叶翩翩起舞。风似乎是我的气息的一部分,叶子是我的歌曲的片段,花朵是我的纯洁心灵的象征,而树就是我的朋友。每次去那里,我都会拥抱它们。

The place meant so much to me because it was clean and quiet in a world of noise and dirt. I hope it is still the beautiful place that I remember.

这个地方对我而言有着非同寻常的意义,因为它是在嘈杂的尘世中的一处洁静之地。我希望它仍然如我记忆中那般美丽。

随着全球化与多元 文化 的发展,英语正跻身为一种国际语言被广泛使用。下面就是我给大家整理的中英文对照 文章 阅读,希望大家喜欢。中英文对照文章阅读:可怕的东西 A couple of friends and I were hangin' out one day and we found an Ouija board in one of their basements. It was really nice, not one of those mass produced plastic things, it was made of wood and had intricate carvings all around its base, like moons and stars and other cosmic stuff, I don't really remember it that well except they were very detailed and looked hand carved. We didn't think much of it at the time because we were black widow hunting (not one of our smarter ideas, but it was a rush when we found one). I'd also like to say that we don't drink, do drugs, or anything that would mess with your mind like that. Day turned to night and we had given up our hunt and started playing X-Box. We got bored shortly after. So one of my friends decided to go the board. When he brought it back I swear it had grown at least a foot in all directions from the last time I saw it (not important, it just intrigued me). Anyway we went on to ask it stuff and nothing happened, so my other friend went to his computer and looked up some ancient druid chant to open some vortex thing. I don't know the specifics; no one else went with him. All he did was print out what we were supposed to say, it was mostly just weird word combinations and a few summoning phrases I can't remember. This was almost a year ago, I do remember feeling pretty silly going through with it. This I remember clearly though, the same friend who got the paper all of a sudden asks for it to give us a sign. Of all the stupid things to do... well I was very upset with him, but he defended himself by saying that's what the site told him to do. As it turns out it said not to ask for a sign or anything else like that. It even put it in all caps and bolded, too. Well after that he was pretty embarrassed, but nothing happened for about a half hour. So we just gave up ghosts for the night (our attention spans couldn't handle nothing happening for that long). Later we got back on the X-Box and started playing, I think it was Halo when we heard my friend's parents get home, it was about 9 pm, about an hour early. So he decided to go into the garage and jump out when they got out of the car. Well he waited about 10 minutes just sitting there before he decided to look out a window and no one was there. While he was looking he heard about two inches from his ear someone smacking their lips like they had dry mouth and were preparing to speak. When he spun around there was no one there, which is about when he came walking back to the basement at a very brisk pace. While we were down there we heard a number of doors slamming and knocks over our head like someone was kneeling and punching the floor over and over. Which doesn't sound that scary, but it was the most frightening experience of my life. Then some guy started screaming bloody murder down the hall from us in the basement. When I looked down the hall I saw what looked like a transparent hunchback limping toward us. The way he was moving was not like a normal person would, it was like a glitching computer; he would "jump" forward, backward or to a side, then back to his normal place again. It was just strange. After this I ran faster than my legs could take me out of his house, forgetting my friends until I stopped across the street and noticed they were right behind me. I guess they didn't see the guy, but when they saw me running they felt like they were snapped out of a trance. After that nothing major happened in his house and I was only in his basement long enough to move the TV and X-Box upstairs. It might have been the chant but I am almost sure it was his invitation that provoked it. 一天我和几个朋友玩的时候,在地下室里发现了一块显灵板。那东西很不错,不是那种批量生产的塑胶品,这块显灵板是木制的,底座上布满很精细的 雕刻 图案,好象是月亮星星之类的宇宙中存在的东西,图案我记得不是很清楚了,但我记得那些图案看起来像是手雕的,非常精细。我们当时并没对它太在意,因为正忙着抓黑寡妇蜘蛛。(虽然不是什么好主意,但当我们真的抓住一只的时候,大家都很兴奋。)我想说的是我们没喝酒也没吸毒,没参与任何会让头脑混乱的事情。天黑了,我们便不再抓蜘蛛,开始玩X盒子的游戏,但没玩一会儿,我们就厌倦了。于是,一位朋友提议玩通灵板。 当他把通灵板拿来的时候,我确信它比我刚才看到时面积至少大了一平方英尺(不过没什么大不了的,这倒正好激发我的兴趣)。我们开始对着它提问但什么都没发生。于是,我的另一位朋友便去用他的电脑查了一些能把灵异之物开启的咒语。 我不知道具体细节,他是一个人去的,他只是把我们需要说的话都打印了出来。不过是些诡异的字眼的组合以及一些召唤用语。具体内容我不记得了。这事发生在大约一年前,我只记得当时看那张纸时觉得真是傻极了。我还清楚地记得那个去打印那张纸的朋友突然说让通灵板给他一个暗示,真是奇傻无比,我被他弄得心烦意乱的,但他辩解说网站上就是这样说的。后来事实证明,网站上写的是千万不能向通灵板要什么暗示之类的东西,这警告还是用大写字母,用黑体字特意标出的。 然后,他尴尬极了,半个小时过去了,还是什么都没发生。于是我们便放弃了在那晚见到鬼魂的念头(我们的注意力可没办法忍受那么长时间的无事发生)。我们就又玩起了X盒子。大约九点的时候,我们听到一个朋友的父母回来了,比预期的时间早了一个小时。于是,他藏在车库里,打算等他们下车的时候跳出来吓吓他们。他在车库里坐了大约10分钟,还没等到父母,便探头向窗外望去,但外边根本没人。忽然他听到在他耳边大概两英寸的地方,有人在吧唧着嘴,像是说话前要润润嘴巴似的。他猛地转过身,却没看到人,他吓得赶紧以最快的速度跑回地下室。 中英文对照文章阅读:The goose that laid the golden eggs 下金蛋的鹅 A man and his Wife had the good fortune to possess a goose which laid a golden egg every day. Lucky though they were, they soon began to think they were not getting rich fast enough, and imagining the bird must be made of gold inside, they decided to kill it in order to secure the whole store of precious metal at once. But when they cut it open they found it was just like any other goose. Thus, they neither got rich all at once, as they had hoped, nor enjoyed any longer the daily addition to their wealth. Much wants more and loses all. 有一对夫妇非常幸运,他们有一只每天下一枚金蛋的鹅。尽管非常幸运,可他们很快就觉得财富增加得还不够快,不仅如此,他们还以为这只鹅的内脏肯定也是金的。于是,他们决定杀掉它,这样就能立刻得到全部珍宝了。然而,他们把鹅开膛破肚之后,却发现和其他鹅没有什么两样。如此,他们既没有像当初希望得那样一夜暴富,也不能再享有与日俱增的好运气了。 贪多必失。 中英文对照文章阅读:Do not throw good things away 不要把好东西扔掉 A man was going to the house of some rich person. As he went along the road, he saw a box of good apples at the side of the road. He said, "I do not want to eat those apples; for the rich man will give me much food; he will give me very nice food to eat." Then he took the apples and threw them away into the dust. He went on and came to a river. The river had become very big; so he could not go over it. He waited for some time; then he said, "I cannot go to the rich man's house today, for I cannot get over the river." He began to go home. He had eaten no food that day. He began to want food. He came to the apples, and he was glad to take them out of the dust and eat them. Do not throw good things away; you may be glad to have them at some other time. 一个人正朝着一个富人的房子走去,当他沿着路走时,在路的一边他发现一箱好苹果,他说:“我不打算吃那些苹果,因为富人会给我更多的食物,他会给我很好吃的东西。”然后他拿起苹果,一把扔到土里去。 他继续走,来到河边,河涨水了,因此,他到不了河对岸,他等了一会儿,然后他说:“今天我去不了富人家了,因为我不能渡过河。” 他开始回家,那天他没有吃东西。他就开始去找吃的,他找到苹果,很高兴地把它们从尘土中翻出来吃了。 不要把好东西扔掉,换个时候你会觉得它们大有用处。

中英对照论文文献

参考文献的引用应当实事求是、科学合理,不可以为了凑数随便引用。下文是我为大家整理的关于翻译论文英文参考文献的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!

1. 乔海清. 《翻译新论》. 北京:北京语言学院出版社. 1993.

2. 邵志洪. 《翻译理论、实践与评析》. 上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2003.

3. 邵志洪. 《英汉语研究与对比》. 上海:华东理工大学出版社, 1997.

4. 申丹. 《文学文体学与小说翻译》. 北京:北京大学出版社. 1995.

5. 申小龙. 《语言的文化阐释》. 上海:知识出版社, 1992.

6. 申小龙. 《汉语句型研究》. 海口:海南人民出版社, 1989.

7. 申小龙. 《汉语与中国文化》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003.

8. 申小龙. 《文化语言学》. 南昌:江西教育出版社, 1993.

9. 申雨平(编). 《西方翻译理论精选》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2002.

10. 沈少华. 《英语趣味修辞格》. 北京:语文出版社, 1999.

11. 思果. 《译道探微》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 2002.

12. 孙全洲. 《现代汉语学习词典》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1996.

13. 孙晓丽. 《广告英语与实例》. 北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1995.

14. 孙致礼. 《1949-1966:我国英美文学翻译概论》. 南京:译林出版社. 1996.

15. 谭载喜. 《翻译学》. 武汉:湖北教育出版社. 2000.

16. 谭载喜. 《新编奈达论翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1999.

17. 倜西、董乐山等(编). 《英汉翻译手册》. 北京:商务印书馆国际有限公司. 2002.

1. 王德春. 《语言学通论》. 南京:江苏教育出版社, 1990.

2. 王逢鑫. 《英汉比较语义学》. 北京:外文出版社, 2001.

3. 王还(主编). 《汉英对比论文集》. 北京:北京语言学院出版社. 1993.

4. 王季思. 《中国十大古典喜剧集》. 上海:上海文艺出版社, 1982.

5. 王克非. 《翻译文化史论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 1997.

6. 王令坤(主编). 《英汉翻译技巧》. 上海:上海交通大学出版社. 1998.

7. 王希杰. 《汉语修辞学》. 北京:北京出版社, 1983.

8. 王希杰. 《修辞学导论》. 杭州:浙江教育出版社, 2000.

9. 王佐良、丁往道. 《英语文体学引论》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1990.

10. 王佐良. 《翻译:思考与试笔》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989.

11. 魏志成. 《英汉语比较导论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2003.

12. 魏志成. 《英汉语比较导论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2003.

13. 翁显良. 《意态由来画不成?》 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983.

1. 陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南:山东教育出版社,1999

2. 丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海:上海外语出版社,2001

3. 费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001

4. 冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京:商务印书馆,1996

5. 桂诗春,宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998

6. 桂诗春 应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998

7. 何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

8. 何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

9. 侯维瑞 英语语体 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

10. 胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京:北京大学出版社,2001

11. 黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002

12. 黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

中英参考文献格式

参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。以下是我带来中英参考文献格式的相关内容,希望对你有帮助。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如:

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。

例如:

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。

例如:

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。

例如:

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的.不同文献,参照下例:

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例:

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)百科全书等参考文献

参照下例:

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下例:

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例:

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例:

皮亚杰.结构主义[M] .北京:商务印书馆,1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例:

杨忠,张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J] .外语教学与研究,1999,(2):1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例:

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D] .湖南大学,2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例:

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C] .哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1999:5-7.

(5)附录

1]孙卫琴,李洪成.《Tomcat与JSPWeb开发技术详解》.电子工业出版社,2003年6月:1-205

[2]BruceEckel.《JSP编程思想》.机械工业出版社,2003年10月:1-378

[3]FLANAGAN.《JSP技术手册》.中国电力出版社,2002年6月:1-465

[4]孙一林,彭波.《JSP数据库编程实例》.清华大学出版社,2002年8月:30-210

[5]LEEANNEPHILLIPS.《巧学活用HTML4》.电子工业出版社,2004年8月:1-319

[6]飞思科技产品研发中心.《JSP应用开发详解》.电子工业出版社,2003年9月:32-300

[7]耿祥义,张跃平.《JSP实用教程》.清华大学出版社,2003年5月1日:1-354

[8]孙涌.《现代软件工程》.北京希望电子出版社,2003年8月:1-246

[9]萨师煊,王珊.《数据库系统概论》.高等教育出版社,2002年2月:3-460

[10]Brown等.《JSP编程指南(第二版)》.电子工业出版社,2003年3月:1-268

[11]清宏计算机工作室.《JSP编程技巧》.机械工业出版社,2004年5月:1-410

[12]朱红,司光亚.《JSPWeb编程指南》.电子工业出版社,2001年9月:34-307

[13]赛奎春.《JSP工程应用与项目实践》.机械工业出版社,2002年8月:23-

[1][美][M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.

[2]计磊,李里,周伟.J2EE整合应用案例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.

[3]王虎,张俊.管理信息系统[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,.

[4]启明工作室编著.MIS系统开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,.

[5]王珊,陈红.数据库系统原理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,.

[6]方睿,刁仁宏,吴四九编著.网络数据库原理及应用[M].四川:四川大学出版社,.

[7]耿祥义,张跃平编著.JAVA2实用教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,.

1]俞传正.基于博客的个人知识管理平台研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2006.

[2]陈明.Blog、Wiki在协作学习中的应用研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2006.

[3]郭华伟.基于内容聚合BLOG平台的辅助教学研究与实践[D].北京:首都师范大学,2006.

[4]柳永坡,刘雪梅,赵长海.JSP应用开发技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005:30-32.

[5]耿祥义.JSP基础教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:101-103.

[6]孙卫琴、李洪成.Tomcat与JavaWeb开发技术详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:73-78.

[7]李海峰.基于J2EE技术开发高性能BBS论坛[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.

[8]王夕宁,王晓平.JSP通用模块及典型系统开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:288-296.

[9]赛奎春.JSP信息系统开发实例精选[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:66-72.

[10]陈刚.Eclipse从入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:416-417.

[11]孙卫琴.精通Struts:基于MVC的JavaWeb设计与开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:1-9.

[12]胡百敬,姚巧玫.SQLServer2005数据库开发详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:9-13,123-125.

[13](美)格罗夫著,章小莉等译.SQL完全手册(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:12-14.

[14]毕建信.基于MVC设计模式的Web应用研究与实现[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.

[15]贺松平.基于MVC模式的B/S架构的研究及应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,

论文英文参考文献格式

在社会的各个领域,大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢?下面是我收集整理的论文英文参考文献格式,希望能够帮助到大家。

英文文献采用“APA格式”:

单一作者著作的书籍:

姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍:

姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码):

姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

php论文英文参考文献

[1]冯国良.基于Web及VRML网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.

[2]赵胜.基于B/S架构的Moodle网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].河北科技大学,2012.

[3]晏榆洋.基于web的在线网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2013.

[4]王逾西.动态网页的数据库连接技术[J].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报,2010,12(1):41-43.

[5]徐一菲,陈光柱,沈春丰等.基于PHP网站的远程控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息,2010,26(15):135-136,115.

[6]丁鲁南,康梅娟.基于WAMP的红色文化动态网站的设计[J].科技资讯,2012,(26):20-20.

[7]滕文.基于MVC模式的PHP程序开发[J].科技视界,2012,(28):262.

[8]郭雪清,肖飞,黄正东,王光华,宋莉莉,张伟.医院绩效管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].中国数字医学,2014,13(15)03:12-14+17.

[9]袁永革.试析医院管理信息系统的设计思想及其实施[J].计算机与信息技术,2014,16(18),03:91-94.

财务论文英文参考文献

[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 (5): 641-654.

[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8(2); 121-130.

[3]Beckhard,R“Dyer Jr.,. Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 (1): 5-12.

[4Casson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47(1):10 - 23.

[5]Alchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62(5): 777-795.

[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: .

[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72(3): 229-241.

[8]Chrisman, ., Chua,., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18(4): 441-448

动画论文英文参考文献范例多则

[1]程曼丽、王维佳:《对外传播及其效果研究》[M],北京大学出版社,2011年,36页.

[2]冯捃、何春耕:《《功夫熊猫》的跨文化传播分层解读》[J],《电影评介》,2014年第5期37-40页.

[3]范文杰、戴雪梅:《无意识一内隐认知理论的演变历程回顾及展望》[J],《重庆工商大学学报》,2009年第6期,596-601页.

[4]管文虎等:《国家形象论》[M],电子科技大学出版社,1999年,23页.

[5]郭秀艳、崔光成:《内隐学习本质特征的实验研究》[J],《心理科学》,2002年第1期,43-46页.

[6]陈晓云:《动画电影:叙事与意识形态》[J],《上海大学学报(社会科学版)》,2010年第5期,54-60页.

[7]黄国文、徐裙:《语篇分析与话语分析》[J],《外语与外语教学》,2006年第10期,2-6页.

[8]李德顺:《普遍价值与其可观基她》[J],《中国社会科学》,1998年第6期,5-14 页.

[9]刘丽英:《国家形象研究文献述评及营销视角分析一基于CSSCI(2001-2011)的研究》卬,《学术探索》,2014年第2期,120-123页.

学术论文英文参考文献注入格式

一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。

按照现行规定,学术期刊中论文参考文献的.标注采用顺序编码制,即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者,用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了,应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样,按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同,但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为:

专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。起止页码(任选)。

示例:[1]Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.

期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码。

示例:[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3):365- 386.

论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。析出文献起止页码。

示例:[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.),Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.[5]

报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名,出版日期(版次)。

示例:[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。

电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址,发表或更新日期。

示例:[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. .

二、关于英文人名的标注。

现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求,英文人名的标注较为混乱,有标注全名的,有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的,还有在姓、名之间加圆点的,后者是我国翻译作品中,中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实,标注英文人名是有章可循的,在国外学术着作的参考文献中,关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式,即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时,要求姓在前、名在后,姓与名之间用逗号隔开,姓的词首字母大写,其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示,后加缩写符号圆点,缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后,在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名,最后一个词是姓,应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。

1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时,以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一,即以姓作为检索目标之一。

2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里,姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者,还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点,也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味,缩写符号不可省略。

3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同,体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求,符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用,也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。

对于复姓情况,如Jory Albores-Saavedra等,在引用标注时,应将复姓全部写出,即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况,如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等,标注时不能省略,应同姓一起提到前面标注,如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象,对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的词首字母大写,表示它是姓的一部分,标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写,则表示它不是姓的一部分,姓Bery前置时,van den仍留在原来的位置,并且不可缩写或省略,标注为Bery,G. van den.另外,对于“姓名+学位”的情况,标注时一般把“学位”删去,不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.

一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时,标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外,作者与作者之间用逗号分开,最后一位作者前加&符号,如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者,之后加etc.表示。

三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。

发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容,标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置,是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据,不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年,这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况,并加圆括号,这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后,如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。

四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。

由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确,目前有把析出文献名排成斜体,而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的,混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力,正确的编排要求与此相反,国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致,因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。

英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯,论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同,故排成斜体,析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题,不具有书名的分量,故不可排成斜体。

在标注原文献名及作者时,原文献多指论文集或与之类似的著作,英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整,名缩写为词首大写字母,后加缩写符号圆点,姓完整标出,不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点,词首字母大写,外加圆括号,如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.),如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名,后加注出版年,起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时,作者姓名同上述情况一样,前后次序不作调整,分别标出,编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。

文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求,国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然,在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识,是技术上的要求,那么就应当统一要求标注,从“可不标出”来看,尚未有技术上的要求。因而,文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。

五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。

出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容,标示版权信息,不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行,出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了,由于市场经济高度成熟,语言通用程度高,着作权被普遍保护等原因,一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行,出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时,应当一一标出,中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市,标注城市名,不可标注为国家名。

参考文献补充了文章的重要信息,涉及范围十分广泛。因而,希望在修订现行编排规范时,对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定,以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循,亦使这项工作更加规范。

java论文英文的参考文献

参考文献:

[1]王庆智.王喜富.基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究[A].第五届中国工业企业物流论坛论文集[C].2007(8)

[2]张翔.基于XML与Java技术构建电子政务系统的方法研究[D].西北大学.2008(5)

[3]符强.基于Java动态编程技术的软件自愈合构架研究[D].西北工业大学.2007(3)

[4]徐伟.赵嵩正.蒋维杨,基于功能的区域物流信息平台体系结构研究[J].情报杂志.2008(27)

[5]白磊,李芙玲.基于工作过程导向的JAVA程序设计课程教学研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,(04):92-95.

[6]赖小平.基于工作过程导向的《Java程序设计》课程开发与实践[J].福建电脑,2015,(05):52-53.

[7]孙晓奇,李胜,张文娇.基于工作过程的教学模式在java课程中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2014,(02):338-339.

参考文献:

[1]李舒,陈丽君.高校学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现[J].辽宁大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(3):283-285.

[2]徐亮.高校智能排课系统的研究[J].电子设计工程,2013,21(7):24-27.

[3]张小红.高校排课系统的设计与实现[J].电子科技,2012,25(7):45-47.

[4]苏贞,陈海关.高校智能排课系统中蚁群算法的应用探讨[J].兰州教育学院学报,2013,29(7):120-121.

[5]叶波霞浅谈大学生兼职在大学生活的重要性[J].中小企业管理与科技,2014,(33)

[6]王丽晖.关于大学生兼职现象的几点思考*高校一线思政工作者视角下的大学生兼职现象[J].2009,10(04)

参考文献:

[1]常征.功能测试中自动化测试框架的分析与应用[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.

[2]徐骋.Android应用软件自动化测试框架的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2015.

[3]路静,王琪.一种基于功能测试的自动化测试框架[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005(23):25-26.

[4]曾北溟.自动化测试框架的研究与实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.

[5]步倩倩.面向GUI软件的自动化测试框架的研究与应用[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.

[6]郝义鹏.基于关键字驱动自动化测试平台的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.

[7]侯菊敏.基于Android的关键字驱动自动化测试框架研究[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

[8]区立斌.基于层次关键字驱动的自动化测试框架设计与应用[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

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[11]陈健.基于模型的数据处理系统的自动化测试框架[D].北京:中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院),2013.

学术论文中英对照

“毕业论文”用英文是dissertation dissertation[ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn]n. 专题论文,学位论文;学术演讲 毕业论文; 博士论文; 论文; 学位论文 例句: was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation. 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文.2. I have not yet footnoted my dissertation. 我还没有给我的论文加上脚注.3. I'm working my notes up into a dissertation. 我正在把我的笔记修改成论文.

1:彩云小译适用场景:长篇文献很简洁干净的界面,让人看起来一目了然,直接将文档上传到网站,就可完成翻译。彩云小译翻译的结果有一个很大的特点:翻译结果直接嵌在英文下方!阅读非常方便!2:搜狗翻译适用场景:长篇文献这是搜狗出品的翻译工具。翻译结果可实现左右两边同步中英对照。惊喜的是,可直接下载Word格式的翻译结果,而且免费!意味着不满意的地方可以二次修改~还能选择输出格式,既可以是pdf格式也可以是word格式。3:百度翻译适用场景:长 / 短文献其实百度翻译的翻译结果还是很不错的,在做数学建模美赛的时候感觉这里的翻译还是很不错的,很多英文文献需要快速阅读就来这里翻译翻译。4:谷歌翻译谷歌翻译类似于百度翻译,都是很不错的翻译软件5:网页翻译适用场景:网页端英文翻译搜英文文献时网页全是英文,看着是不是很头疼?其实很多浏览器自带翻译功能,比如谷歌浏览器。只要点击网页右上角的「翻译此页」,立马就能得到中文页面~

付费翻译平台一般都是先支付再翻译,本人找到一家翻译平台,这家一直是专门做pdf阅读器的,因此本人觉得他自动翻pdf也会比较擅长,就预付费翻译了一篇10页左右的pdf,但是花了半个多小时不说,最关键的是翻译效果很一般,又贵,于是果断放弃。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。 统一查下。

求认为医方翻译网站要看具体的你是搞什么啦?方面的翻译呀,你既可以点击到往绩上,他基本上就会翻译出来,各方面网站里都有啊。

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