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Recently,the problem of__________has aroused people's concern. However, different people hold different attitudes toward. A lot of people seem to think that__________________ There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of______________.It does us much harm(good)I quite agree with the statement that ________________,The reason are chiefly as follows, to start with___________,in addition_________,perhaps the primary reason is ___________,It has more advantages than disadvantages(disadvantages thanadvantages)。In my opinion, Taking all these factors into consideration, We naturally came to the conclusion that_________________. Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 最近，_______问题已引起人们的关注，然而，人们的态度各不相同，很多人似乎以为_________ 毫无疑问，对________问题应该给予足够的重视。它对我们很有坏处（好处）。我十分赞同这一论述_________________，主要的原因包括_____________一个原因是_________ 另一个原因_________或许最主要的是_________________.它的利多弊少。弊多利少 在我的观点，把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论_______________________。显然，现在我们提出解决问题方案正是时候。
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Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05)，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
标题摘要关键词正文
标题摘要关键词正文
英语写作能力的培养不是一日之功，必须从平时的练习中一点点培养。巧用一些经典句型会为作文添加一点亮色，多得一点印象分。本文整理了英语议论文常用的开头和结尾，希望对大家有帮助。
要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。英语议论文共有三大特点：
1、观点鲜明的开头
2、紧扣主题的结尾
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落
另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。
在中心统一这个问题,应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
1.It goes without saying that…不言而喻…
2.It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says，正如谚语所说的，
4.It has to be noticed that…必须注意到…
5.It's generally recognized that…普遍认为…
1. It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.
很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展
2. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.
在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理.
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……
我无法完全同意这一观点
4.As far as I am concerned/In my opinion……
就我而言……
5. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……
最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……
一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（ 就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...） 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……3;It is obvious that……很显然……4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……九、表示好处和坏处1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处十、表示重要、方便、可能1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、采取措施1：We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施2：We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难3：We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……4：We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难十二、显示变化1：Some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化2：Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化3：It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…4：The output of July in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%十三、表明事实现状1;We cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实……2：No one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实……3：This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.4:becloselyrelatedto~~（与...息息相关）十四、进行比较1：Compared with A,B……与A比较，B……2;I prefer to read rather than watch TV.十五、常用英语谚语1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
【篇一】论文发表单位介绍信范本 xx编辑部： 我单位（稿件中的所有作者姓名按稿件中顺序排列）撰写的文章（论文题目），稿件编号：xxxxxxx，经我单位审核，符合投稿要求。 论文内容真实，数据可靠，不涉及泄密，作者署名无争议，未曾公开发表，不存在一稿多投。 作者及我单位同意你刊出版权声明，并接受编委会对稿件的审核修改。 现推荐投稿你刊，请审核刊用。 此致 敬礼！ 单位名称 （加盖公章） xxxx年xx月xx日 【篇二】论文发表单位介绍信范本 xx编辑部： 兹有我单位职工xx同志所撰写论文x篇，拟投贵刊。 该论文资料属实、方法正确、结果可信，且不涉及保密、署名无争议、未一稿两投。 特此证明，请予接洽为宜，谢谢！ 此致 敬礼！ 介绍人：xx xxxx年xx月xx日 【篇三】论文发表单位介绍信范本 xx编辑部： 我单位为第一作者的论文已经通过贵刊远程稿件管理系统成功投稿。 稿件编号：xxxxxxxx；论文题目：xxxxxxxx。 经审查本文内容不涉及保密与涉外关系，不存在资料不真实、剽窃与抄袭他人学术成果、一稿多投等学术不端行为及其他与有关法律法规相违背的问题，作者署名无争议，同意向贵刊投稿。 一旦被贵刊录用，全体作者将签署《论文著作权转让书》，并且文责自负。 此致 敬礼！ 负责人签名： （单位盖章） 20xx年x月x日 【篇四】论文发表单位介绍信范本 xx编辑部： 兹有我单位__________(第一作者/通讯作者)等撰写的科研论文___________________________ 向贵刊投稿，该文章所有作者保证： (1)该研究符合有关学术和伦理道德规范; (2)论文内容真实; (3)无著作权争议; (4)无一稿多投。 同意推荐贵刊发表，特此证明。 作者(签名)：__________ 单位盖章 20xx年x月x日 扩展阅读：开具介绍信的注意事项 （1）确保真实性。介绍信出具单位或个人必须秉承认真负责的态度，介绍信的内容必须清楚明确、客观真实，简洁明了，不能夸大渲染、故弄玄虚，更不可弄虚作假。 （2）明确有效期限。介绍信需注明有效期，有效期的考量一定要慎重，要根据出具介绍信的是由，注意宽限适宜。 （3）加盖公章有效。介绍信需加盖出具单位的正式行政公章方能有效力，不能随意盖章，且要注意，在正确位置加盖公章。 （4）确保介绍信整洁。介绍信也是公文的一种，需认真对待。首先，介绍信内容不得有涂改、污损，如有涂改或污损，需由出具单位重新出具。其次，介绍信的公章必须清晰可辨认，以确保介绍信的真实可信。 （5）固定格式的介绍信应该认真填写存根部分，以备查考。正文与存根中间应该加盖公章，以避免造假行为。 （6）固定格式的介绍信应注意存根、介绍信、回执联三个部分的文件编号统一。
投稿的单位介绍信模板合集六篇
随着社会一步步向前发展，我们都跟介绍信有着直接或间接的联系，介绍信可以帮助对方了解我们的职业、身份、要办的事情、要见的人、有什么希望和要求等。如何写一份恰当的介绍信呢？以下是我整理的投稿的单位介绍信6篇，希望能够帮助到大家。
《xxxxx》编辑部：
我单位 (稿件中的所有作者姓名 按稿件中顺序排列) 撰写的文章 (论文题目)，稿件编号:xxxxx，经我单位审核，符合投稿要求。论文内容真实，数据可靠，不涉及泄密，作者署名无争议，未曾公开发表，不存在一稿多投。作者及我单位同意你刊出版权声明，并接受编委会对稿件的审核修改。现推荐投稿你刊，请审核刊用。
此致
敬礼
作者工作单位名称
(加盖公章)
年 月 日
《实用临床医药杂志》编辑部：
兹有我单位__________(第一作者/通讯作者)等撰写的科研论文___________________________向贵刊投稿，该文章所有作者保证：
(1)该研究符合有关学术和伦理道德规范;
(2)论文内容真实;
(3)无著作权争议;
(4)无一稿多投。
同意推荐贵刊发表，特此证明。
作者(签名)：xxx
单位盖章
20xx年xx月xx日
稿号： ______________
兹寄上我单位等同志撰写的论文《xxx 》一篇，该文无一稿多投，不涉及保密，署名无争议。现投稿贵刊，请予审阅。是否刊用望尽早通知。
此致
敬礼！
单位盖章：
20xx年xx月xx日
XX编辑部：
我单位科室等同志撰写的题为：______________________一文，现投予贵刊，此稿件作者署名无争议，无一稿多投，不涉及保密内容，请予以审阅，录用为盼！
单位盖章
XX年XX月XX日
XX编辑部：
我单位 （稿件中的.所有作者姓名 按稿件中顺序排列） 撰写的文章 ___________________________，稿件编号：___________________________ ，经我单位审核，符合投稿要求。论文内容真实，数据可靠，不涉及泄密，作者署名无争议，未曾公开发表，不存在一稿多投。作者及我单位同意你刊出版权声明，并接受编委会对稿件的审核修改。现推荐投稿你刊，请审核刊用。
单位盖章
XX年XX月XX日
**杂志编辑部：
我校**学院**等撰写的科研论文《**》一文，是在查阅大量文献并通过实际调查的基础上撰写的，该文资料收集较为完整，结果真实，统计方法正确。文章无一稿两投、不涉及保密、署名无争议，建议该文在贵杂志投稿，请予以审阅。
特此证明。
**科技产业处
20xx年*月*日
第一作者签名：
通信作者签名：
*年*月*日
写论文的时候内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面，不要罗哩罗嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋，缺乏说明观点的材料。 内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。报道性提要，主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等，对文章内容的提示较全面
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小时候，常听大人告诉我说，世界不断在变，所有你周围的东西都不会保持原有的状态一辈子的，那时候的我，还听不太懂，只是觉得奇怪，为什么所有的事物都会变，甚至变得让人完全认不出来了。就好像电影里的变脸一样。 过了几年，我已经懂事了，似乎有一点了解，所有的事物都是在发展的，就好像时间不停的流失一样，尽管发展有快有慢，但它们都会变得和以前不一样，这就是发展的魔力，也是促进它们不断发展的动力。 长大后，看见周围的来来往往的人和事，而环境也不断在变，我便完全懂得了，发展的重要性，就拿杭州就说吧。不对，若要说杭州的变化，恐怕说几天几夜也说不完了。还是缩小范围，说说文二路这一条说长不长，说短不短的路吧。 听长辈告诉我，大概在二十几年前，那儿还没有那么多的房子，而多数是农田和坟场，十分的荒凉。虽然没有亲眼所见，但大抵也可以想象得到那时候的情形。 我从小就住在那一带，当我还是小学生的时候，由于学校就在家附近，所以也就特别频繁的在那里走动，在那时候，那条路虽然比起原来要好上许多，但终究充其量也只能算是一条小小的弄堂罢了。刮风时灰尘飞舞，眼前一片雾茫茫的，而下雨时也好不到哪里去，在那里走一趟，就得洗一次鞋，因为地面上像铺了一层厚厚的泥。 现在大概已经有十年的时间过去了，文二路也完全变了一个样，它像一个成长了的孩子，正在展现着它的魅力。虽然不能和市中心比较，但也是有模有样了，路边一家家商店开起来了，然后又一次一次的翻新，马路也变宽了，汽车在上面来来往往，一副四通八达的样子。这已经不再是以前的文二路了，它代表着新世纪最显著的变化，代表着杭州正在向一个更高的层次前进。 欣喜，在于变化。
家乡的变化 我的家乡是山清水秀而又贫穷落后的。我的家在离市区几百里远的山沟里。上高中之前，我从来没有走出过大山的怀抱。老实说我对家乡的发展或是变化向来不是很关心。上高中以前没有这种意识，上了高中之后没时间关心。连两年多前到远在千里之外的他乡上大学，又懒得去关心了。因为家乡经济的发展速度跟珠三角的城市比起来实在太令人失望，提起来就伤心。 不过要说家乡的变化，我想或许可以这样做个简单的、表面的概括吧：钱多了，人“懒”了；楼高了，水脏了。 改革的春风直到八十年代后期才似有若无地吹到我们这个偏僻的山村。在此之前村里人不管男女老少都努力地在土里刨食。只是我们深爱的这片土地给我们的回报却并不多。村里除了种地再没有多少其他的收入，许多人有手艺、能吃苦，但是没个施展手艺的去处。八十年带末几年，村里人不再指望那块地了。听说大山外面的城市里有金子捡，纷纷走了出去。青年人，中年人，有手艺的，没手艺的，都想出去捡点金子回来。他们一去就是一年半载的，回来时虽然不是满身金银，总比土里刨出来的多。于是在家里歇上十几二十天的又出去了。留在村里的多是老人孩子。到了九十年代中期，连十几岁的小孩子在教室里也坐不住了，许多都挤南下打工的列车。农村劳动力少了，以前辛辛苦苦开荒开出来的地没几年又长满了野草。近几年水田也荒了许多，种地太辛苦，家里有了钱，谁还愿意自找苦吃呢？以前春节刚过没几天，田头地角便都是忙碌的身影。如今没过元宵下地似乎是很丢脸的事了。留在家里的农村妇女农闲时隔三差五就会聚在一起打牌消遣，以前想都不敢想的事啊！晴天迎着朝露出门，披着星光回家，雨天便是风里来雨里去，一年到头没几天歇的。 这几年村里的楼房就像雨后的春笋般不断从各个角落冒出来。三层四层，有的外表装修得很漂亮。即使只是一层的，算不上楼房，看起来毕竟比那些泥砖瓦房要顺眼得多。室内的装修就更不必说了，光滑得照得出人影的地砖啦，华丽的墙纸……简直是拿钱往墙上贴，拿钱往地上铺了。就是只刷上白白的石灰看上去也亮堂多了，不再像泥砖瓦房那样阴暗、压抑。 但是让人很不舒服的就是溪中的水越来越脏了。以前用不起自来水，村里人的用水都取自那条横穿村庄的小溪。村里人清晨起来的第一件事就是将家里的大水缸挑满水，以备一日之用。我们小的时候还经常在小溪里游泳。有时口渴了就着溪水猛喝一气。现在别说挑溪水做饭，就是洗菜拿回家还要用自来水再洗上一两遍。夏天看到这些脏水，我们不再有跳下去的冲动。鱼儿在水里游来游去的情景如今是看不到了。溪水中、溪边随处可见的是各种各样的垃圾，那些塑料袋有的早就变色了，但就是不肯化掉。村民习惯将所有的垃圾随手倒入溪中，他们相信溪水会带走这些他们不需要的东西。或是堆在门前的空地上，积多了便点上一把火，于是谈笑间，垃圾灰飞烟灭了。 可以预计将来村里人的生活会越来越好，钱会越来越多，楼会越来越高。人会越来越“懒”吗？但是水会越来越脏吗？村里人的这种“懒”，老一辈的人是看不惯的。不过这也正说明了生活的变好啊！得益的是家乡的后代。水的越来越脏，村里的小孩子怕也是早就习惯了吧。受害的不也是他们吗？
家乡的美食我的家乡是四川一个普普通通的小镇，它虽然毫不起眼，但是却有着自己独特的韵味。我最喜欢吃酸辣粉和麻辣烫了，将光滑、雪白的粉条倒进沸腾的开水中煮一会儿，待粉条煮熟了以后，就被倒进干净的瓷碗中，在上面撒上葱呀、蒜泥呀、胡椒粉等作料，再将鲜红的汤汁倒进半碗进去，就这样，一碗美叶的酸辣粉就做好了。麻辣烫的做法更简单，将粉红的火腿呀什么的串在干净的竹签上，放进锅里锅边用夹子把竹签夹着，防止它整个儿都进了锅里，锅内鲜红的汤汁翻滚着，汤面上密密麻麻地漂浮着花椒、辣椒，以及一些我叫不出名的作料，过了一会儿，麻辣烫煮熟了，将它从锅里捞出来就可以吃了。小孩子特别爱吃麻辣烫，不管是上学还是放学，他们都要买上一串在路上吃。大人们比起麻辣烫来，似乎更爱吃酸辣粉一些。难道不是吗？不论是下雨还是别的什么坏天气，小店里的人总是满满的。而且坐在桌旁埋头吃酸辣粉的总是大人们，在热气腾腾的锅旁等候的除了几位给孩子买麻辣烫的大人和几名中学生外，大多数是活泼的孩子。我和妈妈也很爱吃酸辣粉和麻辣烫。如果一个星期没有吃到一碗香喷喷的酸辣粉和几串美味的麻辣烫，我心里就不踏实，怪难受的。每个星期日我都会拖着妈妈一起去吃酸辣粉。也许是国为大家心灵相通吧！小店里总是挤满了人：有工人，有学生，还有教师……遇到人满的时候，我总是把嘴一噘，站在一旁，责怪妈妈误了时间。这时，和蔼可亲的老板娘总会过来打圆场：“小姑娘，别生气了，是我的错，是因为我这店太小了！”那幽默风趣的话逗得我导火线涕为笑。人少下来的时候，我和妈妈就坐在位子上，津津有味地吃着。酸辣粉的味道好极了，酸酸辣辣的，让人忍不住吃了还想吃。吃完粉后，我总会多要几串麻辣烫在回家的路上细细品尝，可最后的一串我绝对会风卷残云般地把它吃得干干净净。啊！家乡的美食！