1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
论文整体格式模板如下:
1、题目:题目应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字(不同院校可能要求不同)。本专科毕业论文一般无需单独的题目页,硕博士毕业论文一般需要单独的题目页,展示院校、指导教师、答辩时间等信息。英文部分一般需要使用Times New Roman字体。
2、版权声明:一般而言,硕士与博士研究生毕业论文内均需在正文前附版权声明,独立成页。个别本科毕业论文也有此项。
3、摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字(不同院校可能要求不同)。
4、关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个(不同院校可能要求不同)最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。关键词之间需要用分号或逗号分开。
5、目录:写出目录,标明页码。正文各一级二级标题(根据实际情况,也可以标注更低级标题)、参考文献、附录、致谢等。
6、正文:专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在5000字以上,本科文学学士毕业论文通常要求8000字以上,硕士论文可能要求在3万字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。
毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。
①前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。
②本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。
③结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。
7、致谢:简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。
8、参考文献:在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的所有专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献可以按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列,也可以按照音序排列(正文中则采用相应的哈佛式参考文献标注而不出现序号)。
9、注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。
10、附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。有时也常将个人简介附于文后。
模板? 有啥用啊。不如把听力听好
四六级作文模版 写作模板——提纲式作文 1. 对立观点式 A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么? B. 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么? C.我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 2. 批驳观点式 A.一个错误观点。 B. 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3. 社会问题(现象)式 A.一个社会问题或者现象。 B. 产生的原因 C.对社会和我们生活的影响 D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E. 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will …….. 写作模板——图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 英语四六级写作试题模板——辩论式议论文 模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2 People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
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6级作文模板:1)先背3个句子1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life.(讲重要性) 2 The popularity of digital …will have great influence on our work, study and everyday life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.(讲影响) 3To conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.(结尾段) Ps:灵活运用第1句和第2句,根据不同模板自由组合。 2)模板(2个模板) 1 开头段:先讲重要性,然后转讲不好的地方。 中间段:措施 结尾段:先来个小转折再进入总结 开头段Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that……中间段 Firstly….Secondly…..Lastly but in no means least……结尾段 To conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.2 开头段:先讲重要性,然后转讲争论 中间段:转折(即列出两种不同人的观点) 结尾段:直接进入总结(即你的观点) 开头段:It is accepted that …. Plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether … deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary.中间段:On the one hand, some people hold the view that ….. On the other hand, a great many people insist that….结尾段:From my perspective, however…. (你的观点) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之类的)6级作文万能句子(补充在”…..”里面的万能句子,自己琢磨每个句子放在哪里比较适合)重点背:1)5)6)7)句子,最好全部都被过一遍,自己琢磨怎么用。1)Sth will make our life more enjoyable, that is to say, sth can add color to the dull routine of every day life. 。。。能让我们的生活更美好,也就是说,。。。可以给我们枯燥的生活带来色彩 2)For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment 对于很多人来说,学习一门新技术占据了他们的生活和充实了他们的生活。 3)。。。。。, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.。。。占据了某人大部分时间,使得某人没空想东想西(充实了某人生活) 4)What's more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校为学生省去了不少时间,这样学生可以把更多的时间用在学习上 5)Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 一点一滴,这样做可以丰富我们的知识和拓宽我们的视野6)For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.对于想过一种有意义的人来说,抽空学习一门新技术很重要 7)The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.兼职可以让学生们学习个人技巧,这样可以在找工作时更有竞争力 8)By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.学生不仅可以提高学习成绩,还可以获得在课本上学不到的工作经验 9)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. 10)1Sth can produce positive effects on …in more than one way.什么东西可带来好影响2Sth may bring about negative impacts on …什么东西可带来不好的影响三、 一二三原则5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)说明原因型模板一:这个模板的中文大意是:在某种场合,发生某种现象,并提供一些相关数据,然后列出这种现象的三个原因,并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因,最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说,利用这个模板写英语作文,是相当容易的,您只要将适当的内容,填写到对应的方括号中,一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。下面就是这个模板。Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象]. 模板二:来源:考试大考试大成就你的梦想These days we often hear that (1). It is common that (2).Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing,( 3 ).For another,( 4 ). What is more, since (5), it is natural that (6).To solve the problem is not easy at all,but is worth trying .We should do something such as ( 7 ) to improve he present situation ,and I do believe everything will be better in the future .6级写作有固定的公式的。一般都是那种辩证性的题目。我在这里给你一个简单的套路吧!第一段第一句 There is no denying the fact that it has been a hot debate topic whether+作文的题目。第二句 opinions on this view differ sharply.weighing the pros and cons of these ,I am inclined to agree with 加 你自己的观点。第二段阐述你的观点 用上first and foremost in the second place in addition the last but not least`````最后一段的话 After pondering this question on many occasions ,I finally reach the conclusion that `加你的观点。
四六级作文模版 写作模板——提纲式作文 1. 对立观点式 A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么? B. 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,为什么? C.我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 2. 批驳观点式 A.一个错误观点。 B. 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3. 社会问题(现象)式 A.一个社会问题或者现象。 B. 产生的原因 C.对社会和我们生活的影响 D. 如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话) E. 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will …….. 写作模板——图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 英语四六级写作试题模板——辩论式议论文 模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版2 People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
英语六级开头万能句
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern。最近,……问题已引起人们的关注。
The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life。It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well。
互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题。
Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face。
如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了。
英语六级作文万能模板:结尾句式。
1、至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____。
2、总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______。Only in this way can ______in the future。
作文技巧
1、英语六级作文高分技巧:字迹清楚,段落明朗
字体不要太大,也不要太小,以行间距的三分之一到二分之一为合适;另外,大小要一致,不要忽大忽小;字母的倾斜方向要一致,不要东倒西歪;要抵着给出的虚线写,不能上窜下跳;总之,要给阅卷人清楚、工整的感觉。段落一般为三段,采用段首缩进式,即每段开头空4至8个字母的格,要让阅卷人一目了然。
2、英语六级作文高分技巧:内容完整,紧扣提纲
一般来说,六级写作都会给出三点汉语提纲,考生应严格按照三点写成三段。不要有遗漏,也不要随意改变提纲要点的顺序。因为阅卷人要在30秒左右的时间打出分数,所以不希望看到与提纲严重背离的作文。
一、大学英语六级考试作文万能模版
1、原因现象型
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _______ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.
There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with, __________________ (原因1). Furthermore, ______________________ (原因2). Eventually, __________________________ (原因3). Good as ____________ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that ___________ (缺点例子1). In addition, ___________ (缺点例子2).
On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate __________ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.
2、分析利弊型
Nowadays many people prefer __________ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life.
Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, ________________ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, ___________________ (主题的优点2). But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ___________________ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, __________________________ (主题的缺点2).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, ________ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.
3、图表型
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
二、大学英语六级考试作文写作万能句子
1.随着经济的繁荣:with the booming of the economy
2.随着人民生活水平的显著提高:with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard
3.先进的科学技术:advanced science and technology
4.为我们日常生活增添了情趣:add much spice / flavor to our daily life
5.人们普遍认为:It is commonly believed that…
6.我同意前者(后者)观点:I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.
7.引起了广泛的公众关注:sth. has aroused wide public concern. / sth has drawn great public attention.
8.不可否认:It is undeniable that…
9.热烈的讨论/争论:a heated discussion / debate
10.有争议性的问题:a controversial issue
11.为社会做贡献:make contributions to the society
12.打下坚实的基础:lay a solid foundation for…
13.综合素质:comprehensive quality
14.致力于/投身于:be committed / devoted to…
15.应当承认:Admittedly
16.不可推卸的义务:unshakable duty
17.满足需求:satisfy / meet the needs of...
18.可靠的信息源:a reliable source of information
19.宝贵的自然资源:valuable natural resources
20.因特网:the Internet (一定要有冠词,字母I大写)
更多关于大学生英语六级考试的备考技巧,备考干货,新闻资讯等内容,小编会持续更新。
提纲式应用文Example OneA Letter to a Scholarship-winning Friend1. 比你高一个年级的好朋友得了奖学金,你很替他骄傲和高兴;2. 夸奖他一向勤奋、好学、有专业天赋,是你的榜样;3. 希望他能够介绍一些好的专业书给你,并介绍一些学习经验。Dear Ann, 先提问导入;再表达写信目的Can you imagine what a delight I take in your winning a first-rank scholarship? I am sincerely writing this letter to express/voice my heartfelt congratulations. As we all know, You are a _____ person, and I ……现在分词做插入语进行修饰You, enthusiastic and enterprising, are one of the most talented and diligent勤奋的 in our department, already wining 2 awards for scientific innovation. On the one hand, you are vocal and high spirited in the classroom, always coming up with luminous明确的,清晰明了的 questions which show an extraordinary非凡的,卓越的=outstanding grasp of the subject. On the other hand, you are splendid/fantastic in social activities, as作为 the president of the English Club and a member of the Student Union. No wonder that your advice is frequently sought and your phone rings constantly/continuously. Now your hard work finally pays off. 还清债务;得到回报No doubt that it is your straight A academic record, along with/as well as your outstanding contribution to social activities/movements, that made you a scholarship-winner.As your bosom/intimate亲密的 pal/companion/mate, I am so proud of you and so lucky that I can always learn from you. I will be/feel greatly honored荣幸 if you can lend some reference books to me. And your advice on study will be highly appreciated欣赏;赞扬.句式亮点性词汇(必须使用六级词汇,不少于5个)词汇切忌重复Example Two(课后练习)An E-mail of Invitation to a Get-together你正在筹备假期全班同学聚会,与高中时的一个同学已经两年不见,最近得知了他的e-mail地址,请给他写封邮件。1. 问候对方,了解对方这两年的情况;get acquainted with2. 约对方在假期里参加全班同学聚会; get-together / gala party 3. 夸奖对方多才多艺,请他准备节目。 versatileDear Ann, 先寒暄一下,再提问导入,然后表达写信目的。How time flies! I haven’t heard from you ever since we graduated two years ago. How have you been? Can you imagine what a delight I am informed of your E-mail address? I am sincerely writing this letter to express/voice my heartfelt joy and get acquainted with your current situation. By the way, since we haven’t seen each other for so many years, therefore, a get-together party, organized by our enthusiastic monitor, Jonathan, will have been planned in our schedule. It is to be held possibly sometime in the coming summer vacation, preferably in some place near our high school. And at that time, you, full of passion激情 and enterprise事业心,魄力, were one of the most talented and versatile多才多艺的 member in our department, often winning awards in various activities and contests. So, if you can prepare a program and make a fantastic/outstanding/extraordinary performance in this gala, we will be more than delighted. more than + adj. 非常。。。No wonder/doubt that you will be the most dazzling 耀眼的stars among the whole audience.As your bosom/intimate亲密的 pal/companion/mate, I am so proud of you and so lucky that I can always learn from you. If you can manage to come, please tell us when you’re available. If you can’t make it, please also let us know. What is more important, please keep me updated更新 of any change of your address, E-mail and phone number etc.All the best!
毕业论文格式完整模板
艰辛而又充满意义的大学生活即将结束,毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文,毕业论文是一种有准备、有计划、比较正规的、比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式,怎样写毕业论文才更能吸引眼球呢?下面是我为大家收集的毕业论文格式完整模板,希望能够帮助到大家。
专业论文论文题名:(二号,黑体,加粗,居中)
副标题(三号,黑体,加粗,居右)
张三 030333221 xx011班
(与标题按五号字大小空一行,小四号,黑体,居中,只学号加粗,每项中间空两个字符,不出现姓名、学号等字。)
指导老师:李四
(与姓名间不空行,小四号,黑体,居中,含指导老师四字。)
【摘要】: 对论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,以第三人称陈述。一般应说明实践目的、实践方法、结果和最终结论等,一般不超过为300字。(与指导老师按五号字大小空一行,摘要两字为黑体,小四号,居左,加中括号,中括号采用中文形式;摘要部分的文字为宋体,五号,不另起一行,无需段落缩进。)
【关键词】: 为了文献标引工作从论文中选取出来用以表示全文主题内容信息款目的单词或术语。一般应选取3~5个词作为关键词。(与摘要间不空行,关键词三字为黑体,小四号,居左,加中括号,中括号采用中文形式;关键词为宋体,五号,词间用逗号分隔,最后一个词后不加标点符号,不另起一行,无需段落缩进。)
【正文】: 与关键词间不空行,正文两字为黑体,小四号,居左,加中括号,中括号采用中文形式
正文另起一行开始,正文部分文字为宋体,五号,每段首行两字符缩进,段落间不空行
A 正文层次:各部分层次不出现一xxxx等标题,统一层次格式为:
1(四号,宋体,居左,加粗,标题与上文按五号字大小空一行,与下文不空行)
1.1(小四号,宋体,居左,加粗,小标题间不空行)
1.1.1(五号,宋体,居左,加粗,小标题间不空行)
⑴(宋体,五号,居左,序号采用特殊符号添加,小标题间不空行)
①(宋体,五号,居左,序号采用特殊符号添加,小标题间不空行)
另:任意标题,当与表格或图片紧连时,按五号字大小空一行
B 表格格式:表格名称位于表格下方。
表格本身(全部采用1/2榜实体黑线,位于文档中间,且尽量不让表格分页,必须分页时,保证任一格中内容不分页),表格内的分类标题(五号,宋体,加粗,居中),表格内文字(五号,宋体,居中)表格内文字通过调整表格框架使四字以下(含四字)文字尽量在一行中,若必须分行的则上行两字,下行一字或两字;五字以上(含五字)可分行。
表格中若存在图片,图片大小不超过六行五号字;图片和文字同时存在的,文字位于图片上方(五号,宋体,居中)。
C 图片格式:名字位于图片下方。
不需文字解释的,图片居中,根据页面调整大小;需要文字解释的,图片位于文档左边,文字采用四周型环绕,图片大小根据文字调整。
D 文中的图、表、公式、算式等,一律用阿拉伯数字编序号(图的名称位于图的下方,表的名称位于表格上方,字体采用宋体,五号,加粗,居中。图、表序号根据其所在的大层次标题序号和在改层次的序号定)。如:
图2.1xxxxx、表3.2xxxx、公式3.5xxxx
E 注:论文中对某一问题、概念、观点等需简单解释、说明、评价、提示等,如不宜在正文中出现,采用加注的形式(注的编排序号用①、②、③依次标示在需加注处,以上标形式表示);具体说明文字列于同一页内的下端,并用横线与正文分隔开(宋体,小五号,居左)。
【参考文献】: 应具有权威性,并注意引用最新的文献。与正文间按五号字大小空两行。(参考文献四字为黑体,五号,加粗,加中括号,中括号采用中文形式;其他为宋体,小五号,序号的中括号采用英文形式,每项用英文形式句号隔开)
著作:[序号]作者.译者.书名.版本.出版地.出版社.出版时间.
期刊:[序号]作者.译者.文章题目.期刊名.年份.卷号(期数)
会议论文集:[序号]作者.译者.文章名.文集名 .会址.开会年.出版地.出版者.出版时间.
网址:[序号] 作者.文献名称.网站名称.网址
整篇论文其他注意部分:
A页面设置,采用A4大小竖版纸面,上下页边距2.54厘米,左右页边距3.17厘米,所有图片、表格等都不得超过边距。
B文章所有页面加入页眉,页眉为论文名称
C文章所有页面不加页码
D英文采用Times New Roman
E拉丁文采用Times New Roman,斜体
F标点为中文,半角
G正文内全为单倍行距,标题间空行除外
摘要: 本文从Chomsky在语言学研究过程中所采用的理想化模式入手,认为Chomsky为了使研究变得简单,便将与语言关系紧密的社会因素摒除在研究范围之外,这是一种不可取的理想模式。接下来本文从两个主要方面阐述了理想化模式不可取的原因:
一是语言作为一种符号系统,只有在社会的'环境下才能具有完整的意义。二是语言作为一种社会结构,无论是它的产生还是发展过程,都在不断地和社会发生着相互作用。故而只要是研究语言学,我们就不能将社会因素理想化。至于什么因素可以暂时不予考虑,这仍有待进一步的研究。
关键词 :
理想化,符号系统,社会结构,语言与社会的相互作用
1.统一使用A4纸,单面打印;
2.封面:封面栏目要求打印;
3.字体全部用宋体;主标题行要求用小二号字加黑,次标题用三号字加黑,再次标题用小三号字加黑,以此类推。正文内容要求用小四号字;行距为单倍;页边距左为3㎝、右为2㎝、上为2.5㎝、下为2.5㎝;
4.用阿拉伯数字连续编排页码,页码放在右下角,由正文首页开始编排,封面封底不编入页码;
5.题目:简要、明确,一般不超过20字;
6.中英文摘要和关键词:中文摘要一般不超过300字;关键词为3~8个,另起一行,排在摘要下方,词与词之间以分隔;英文摘要和英文关键词要求与中文摘要和中文关键词一致;摘要和关键字用小四号字;
7.目录:由论文的章节以及附录、参考文献等的序号、题名和页码组成(课程论文不列入);
8.结构层次序数的表示方法:第一层为1,第二层为1.1,第三层为1.1.1,第四层为1.1.1.1,正文中序号用①表示,不分段;
9.附表与插图:附表要有表号、表题;插图要有图号、图题;所有的图表都应具有自明性,即不阅读正文,就可理解图表的意思;
10.致谢:在正文后对单位和个人等表示感谢的文字(课程论文不列入);
11.附录:是正文主体的补充项目,并不是必需的。下列内容可以作为附录:(课程论文不列入) (1)为了整篇材料的完整,插入正文又有损于编排条理性和逻辑性的材料; (2)由于篇幅过大,或取材于复制件不便编入正文的材料; (3)对一般读者并非必须阅读,但对本专业人员有参考价值的资料;
12.参考文献:
(1)参考文献的标注方法:采用顺序编码制,即按照文章正文部分(包括图、表及其说明)引用的先后顺序连续编码;标注的符号为[ ],作为上标,在标点符号前使用;
(2)参考文献的写作格式为:
①参考文献是连续出版物时,其格式为:[序号] 作者.题名.刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):引文所在的起止页码
②参考文献是专著时,其格式为:[序号] 作者.书名.版本(第1版不标注).出版地:出版者,出版年.引文所在的起止页码
③参考文献是论文集时,其格式为:[序号] 作者.题名.见(英文用In):主编.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年.引文所在起止页码
④参考文献是学位论文时,其格式为:[序号] 作者.题名:〔博士、硕士或学士学位论文〕.保存地点:保存单位,年份
⑤参考文献是专利时,其格式为:[序号]专利申请者.题名.专利国别,专利文献种类,专利号.出版日期
参考文献著录中需要注意:
个人作者(包括译者、编者)著录时一律姓在前,名在后,由于各国(或民族)的姓名写法不同,著录时应特别注意课件下载,名可缩写为首字母(大写),但不加编写点。另外,作者(主要责任者)不多于3人时要全部写出,并用,号相隔;3人以上只列出前3人,后加等或相应的文字如et al。等或et al前加,号。
装订格式
1.课程论文一律左边装订成册;
2.装订顺序为:封面、题目、论文摘要与关键词、正文、参考文献。
封面 :封面是一篇论文的门面,所以要简洁明了。封面应该写明毕业论文,字体为“宋体二号”。名称下面依次是论文题目、作者、学院、专业、学号、班级、指导老师,字体为"宋体小二号",格式居中对齐,有下划线,字体均为黑色(下同)。 题目:题目应简洁、明确、有概括性,字数不宜超过20个字(不同院校可能要求不同)。本专科毕业论文一般无需单独的题目页,硕博士毕业论文一般需要单独的题目页,展示院校、指导教师、答辩时间等信息。英文部分一般需要使用Times New Roman字体。
版权声明:一般而言,硕士与博士研究生毕业论文内均需在正文前附版权声明,独立成页。个别本科毕业论文也有此项。字体为宋体四号字。
摘要:要有高度的概括力,语言精练、明确,中文摘要约100—200字(不同院校可能要求不同)。字体为宋体三号,需要加粗。摘要正文为宋体小四号。 关键词:从论文标题或正文中挑选3~5个(不同院校可能要求不同)最能表达主要内容的词作为关键词。关键词之间需要用分号或逗号分开。关键词为宋体小四号加粗字体 需要顶格写,关键词正文为宋体小四号不加粗字体。
目录:写出目录,标明页码。正文各一级二级标题(根据实际情况,也可以标注更低级标题)、参考文献、附录、致谢等。目录两字用宋体三号加粗字体,需要居中。目录中的一级二级标题处用宋体小四号字体不需要加粗,一般用电脑生成.
正文:专科毕业论文正文字数一般应在5000字以上,学士毕业论文通常要求8000字以上,硕士论文可能要求在3万字以上(不同院校可能要求不同)。 毕业论文正文:包括前言、本论、结论三个部分。 ①前言(引言)是论文的开头部分,主要说明论文写作的目的、现实意义、对所研究问题的认识,并提出论文的中心论点等。前言要写得简明扼要,篇幅不要太长。 ②本论是毕业论文的主体,包括研究内容与方法、实验材料、实验结果与分析(讨论)等。在本部分要运用各方面的研究方法和实验结果,分析问题,论证观点,尽量反映出自己的科研能力和学术水平。 ③结论是毕业论文的收尾部分,是围绕本论所作的结束语。其基本的要点就是总结全文,加深题意。 (一)各级标题与正文 一级标题用宋体三号字,空两格,加粗 二级标题用宋体四号字,空两个字符,加粗 三、四级标题用宋体小四号,空两个字符,加粗 正文用宋体小四号,行间距采用1.5倍行距 (二)正文中的图表 正文中图、表均需编排序号,图、表题目以及说明用宋体五号字体
注释:在论文写作过程中,有些问题需要在正文之外加以阐述和说明。 注释标题用宋体四号,居中 注释序号用①、②、③等。宋体五号 注释是图书时,格式;作者、书名、出版社、出版日期、版次、页码。 注释是刊期时,格式;作者、文章题目、期刊名称、期刊号、页码。
致谢:简述自己通过做毕业论文的体会,并应对指导教师和协助完成论文的有关人员表示谢意。 致谢标题用宋体三号加粗字体,需居中。内容用四号字体,不加粗
参考文献:在毕业论文末尾要列出在论文中参考过的所有专著、论文及其他资料,所列参考文献可以按文中参考或引证的先后顺序排列,也可以按照音序排列(正文中则采用相应的哈佛式参考文献标注而不出现序号)。 参考文献内容用(宋体、五号;英文用Times New Roman字体) 1、专著、论文集、报告、学位论文: 【序号】作者(前3名),文献名,出版社所在地:出版社、出版年、起始页—终止页. 2、期刊论文: 【序号】作者(前3名),论文名,刊名,出版年,卷(期):起始页—终止页 3、电子文献 【序号】作者(前3名),电子文献名,电子文献出处或可获得地址,发表或更新日期。
附录:对于一些不宜放在正文中,但有参考价值的内容,可编入附录中。有时也常将个人简介附于文后。格式同正文
一、数学建模论文格式要求
论文题目(三号黑体,居中)
一级标题(四号黑体,居中)
论文中其他汉字一律采用小四号宋体,单倍行距。论文纸用白色A4,上下左右各留出2.5厘米的页边距。
首页为论文题目和作者的专业、班级、姓名、学号,第二页为论文题目和摘要,论文从第三页开始编写页码,页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字“1”开始连续编号。
第四页开始论文正文正文应包括以下八个部分:
1 问题提出:叙述问题内容及意义;
2 基本假设:写出问题的合理假设;
3 建立模型:详细叙述模型、变量、参数代表的意义和满足的条件及建模的思想;
4 模型求解:求解、算法的主要步骤;
5 结果分析与检验:(含误差分析);
6 模型评价:优缺点及改进意见;
7参考文献:限公开发表文献,指明出处;
参考文献在正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等。
参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为:
[编号]作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年
参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为:
[编号]作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:出版年
参考文献中网上资源的`表述方式为:
[编号]作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)
8 附录:计算框图,原程序及打印结果。
二、全国数学建模竞赛论文格式规范.
1 论文用白色A4纸单面打印;上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距;从左侧装订。
2 论文第一页为承诺书,具体内容和格式见本规范第二页。
3 论文第二页为编号专用页,用于赛区和全国评阅前后对论文进行编号,具体内容和格式见本规范第三页。
4 论文题目和摘要写在论文第三页上,从第四页开始是论文正文。
5 论文从第三页开始编写页码,页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字从“1”开始连续编号。
6 论文不能有页眉,论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。
7 论文题目用三号黑体字、一级标题用四号黑体字,并居中;二级、三级标题用小四号黑体字,左端对齐(不居中)。论文中其他汉字一律采用小四号宋体字,行距用单倍行距,打印时应尽量避免彩色打印。
8 提请大家注意:摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要(包括关键词),在整篇论文评阅中占有重要权重,请认真书写(注意篇幅不能超过一页,且无需译成英文)。全国评阅时将首先根据摘要和论文整体结构及概貌对论文优劣进行初步筛选。
9 引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。
参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年。
参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:起止页码,出版年。
参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。
10 在不违反本规范的前提下,各赛区可以对论文增加其他要求(如在本规范要求的第一页前增加其他页和其他信息,或在论文的最后增加空白页等);从承诺书开始到论文正文结束前,各赛区不得有本规范外的其他要求(否则一律无效)。
11 本规范的解释权属于全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会。
论文用白色A4纸打印;上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距;从左侧装订。
论文第一页为承诺书,具体内容和格式见本规范第二页。
论文第二页为编号专用页,用于赛区和全国评阅前后对论文进行编号,具体内容和格式见本规范第三页。
论文题目、摘要和关键词写在论文第三页上(无需译成英文),并从此页开始编写页码;页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字从“1”开始连续编号。注意:摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要,请认真书写(但篇幅不能超过一页)。
从第四页开始是论文正文(不要目录)数学建模论文格式标准数学建模论文格式标准。论文不能有页眉或任何可能显示答题人身份和所在学校等的信息。
论文应该思路清晰,表达简洁(正文尽量控制在20页以内,附录页数不限)。
引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为:
参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:起止页码,出版年。
参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。
注意:
1.摘要在整篇论文评阅中占有重要权重,请认真书写摘要(注意篇幅)。摘要中把论文的主要内容及特点充分表达出来。论文主要部分要阐述题目,假设,分析,建模,解模和结果的全过程,对模型的检验及模型的优缺点和发展前景也要有所表述
2. 引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料),必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出数学建模论文格式标准论文。正文引用处用方括号
标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年。
参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:起止页码,出版年。
参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为:
[编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
和其它论文格式一样的吧