草莓的灰霉病:又称烂果病,是草莓的主要病害之一。前期侵害叶柄、叶片、花蕾、花和果柄。采收期主要侵害果实,严重时可减产3~5成。叶上病斑初时为褐色湿斑,最后在叶背长出灰白色绒毛状物。果实发病,初时为褐色小斑,病斑扩大后,果面覆盖灰霉状物,直至全果腐烂。
草莓灰霉病在我国草莓产区普遍发生,是草莓栽培中为害普遍而且较为严重的真菌性病害,在露地和保护地中均可发病,温室内栽培的草莓发病尤为严重。主要为害叶片、花、果柄、花蕾和果实。
(1)为害症状 叶片和果柄上发病时,病部产生褐色或暗褐色水渍状病斑,湿润时叶背出现乳白色绒毛状菌丝团。花蕾和花柄发病时变为暗褐色,以后蔓延枯死;果实被害初期,出现油渍状褐色斑点,进而迅速扩大,至全果变软,密生灰霉,灰色霉状物病原菌的分生孢子梗与分生孢子。
(2)病原及发病规律 该病致病菌为半知菌亚门,灰葡萄孢属的灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea Person)。病源菌以菌丝体、菌核、分生孢子的形态在病组织中越冬。在气温18~20℃,湿度达94%以上的条件下大量产生分生孢子,并借风力传播浸染,从伤口侵入为主。在气温20℃,连阴雨或灌水过多、地膜积水,以及栽植密度过大,通风透光不良等情况,均可诱发灰霉病的大发生。在保护地栽培中,温度在12~13℃以上湿度大的白天容易发病,夜间温度在10℃以下时不易发病。发病初期一般在2月上旬,3~4月达到高峰;露地草莓在果实采收期的5月份达到发病高峰。灰霉菌为弱寄生菌,多从伤口或枯死部位进行浸染繁殖,先危害枯芽老叶,然后危及果实。
(3)防治方法 ①避免过多地施用氮肥和灌水过多,增施磷钾肥,适当稀植,控制植株过旺生长,保证通风透光良好;保护地采用高垄滴灌栽培管理技术可降低发病率;②选用美国3号、红衣等抗病品种。进行地膜覆盖或果实垫草,防治果实与地面接触,及时摘除枯叶病果。③保护地栽培。可在开花和果实生长期。加大放风量,使棚内湿度降至50%以下,将棚室温度提高到35℃,闷棚2小时,然后放风降温,连续闷棚2~3次,有很好的防治效果。④药剂防治。从花序显露至开花前是药剂防治的关键时期,果实开始采收后应停止用药,以降低农药对果实的污染。可选用的药剂有70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500~1000倍液、等量式波尔多液200倍液、多氧霉素可湿性粉剂500倍液、克菌丹可湿性粉剂800倍液,或50%速克灵可湿性粉剂,或25%扑海因可湿性粉剂1000倍液喷雾等,每隔7~10天喷1次,连喷2~3次。保护地栽培时,还可每667米2用20%速克灵烟剂80~100克,分放到5~6处,傍晚点燃,闭棚过夜,7天熏1次,连熏2~3次,可起到良好的防治效果。
草莓灰霉病是目前草莓生产中的重要病害。我国各草莓种植区都有发生,特别是南方采果期是春雨期,发病更严重。草莓灰霉病的发生往往会导致花和果实的腐烂,对草莓产量和品质有很大的影响。一、症状显示:主要有害果实以火器渗透为主。病菌渗透花瓣后呈浅棕色斑,病斑迅速扩大到全板,碎片发病扩大到有果。潮湿后发病部位会发霉。生长期果实的发病大部分始于花萼包裹或边缘,形成浅棕色、水渍、轻微凹陷的不规则斑点,随着果实的增大,斑点增大,渗透到大部分水果面。病科软化,病部密生灰色霉菌。水果着色前发病,病夫很少形成分生孢子。成熟后发病可能会产生大量的分生孢子。
树叶发病很少,污迹、不规则型、棕色,大部分发生在叶片边缘,叶片背上出现灰色霉菌。二、疾病病原体:无性状态为灰色葡萄孢子,属于半真菌亚门葡萄孢子。盆生孢子茎丛生,直立,浅到棕色,280~550m12m~24m,最上面的树枝,枝顶微膨胀,孢子细胞多点萌发。分生孢子卵形、椭圆形、单生、正常生、无色至浅棕色、单细胞、大小为11 ~15m .病菌的分生孢子萌发温度范围为4 ~ 32,发芽积温为13.7 ~ 29.5,较低温度更有利于超真菌的繁殖。成泰是富氏菌核菌菌核病(debary) Fuckel。通常很少发生。菌核生于腐烂的水果,黑色,不规则型。这种病菌除了伤害草莓外。
还可以感染茄子、黄瓜、番茄、葡萄等多种植物。三、发病规律:病菌主要是菌丝,其次是菌核,在弊病和病州过冬。第二年产生了分生孢子,随着风雨传播。病菌以火器感染为主,可以直接入侵或从伤口入侵。在积温条件下伤口入侵的速度又快又严重。病部形成的分生孢子通过风雨和病的相互接触引起再渗透。草莓品种之间的抗病性差异不大。但是一般来说,欧美系统品种的京果型抗病性比较强,而延果型品种比较感病。温湿度是影响草莓灰霉病发生程度的重要条件。草莓生长在促进、半促进种植环境中,12~13h低温持续有助于病原体入侵和繁殖,不利于草莓生长,腐烂水果尤为严重。
相对湿度为64%,病例率不到10%。相对湿度可以达到80%以上连续7d,腐烂水果率达到30%以上。因此,温度适宜时湿度是导致灰霉病发生的主导因素。另外,氮肥的施用发病也很严重。四、疾病控制:草莓花期长,分裂结果不明显,采果间隔短。因此,草莓灰霉病的预防要以农业措施为基础,确保火器药物的预防。1.培育抗病品种:泰坦、小球藻、春香等抗病能力。2.清除弊病:冬春仔细清扫庭院,集中焚烧干枝、病叶和杂草。在北方,与地膜覆盖相结合,不仅可以减少越冬菌源,还可以减少死秧,加强植物抗性和生长势头,延缓幼苗,病害轻。3.加强种植管理:合理密植。
整叶果费,加强透明度,减少小气候湿度。下大雨的地区要采用高耕,注意排水。对脆弱病的品种,要调节氮肥的使用量,增加磷、钾肥。4.生物防治:以曲克或真菌T5为拮抗剂,用5106/ml孢子喷雾预防,预防效果达81%左右。5.药剂预防:草莓在露地、促进或半促进栽培条件下,药剂预防治疗的最佳时机是草莓一级花序开花20% ~ 30%以上,二级花序刚刚开花。有效药剂为满霉、速克灵、法海因、灰、霉菌、白菌清等,每7~10天喷洒一次,连续喷洒3~4次。放置药剂时要注意药剂的替代使用,延缓抗药性的出现。继续下雨的时候,可以选择百菌清、速克灵、灰霉青等烟草剂进行熏蒸。
每年的秋冬交替季节即10 11月,冠心病患者病情容易出现变化,如心绞痛发作频繁等,而且还是心肌梗塞的高发期。寒冷季节冠心病多发的原因,与冠状动脉及周围血管收缩有着密切关系。人体血管(包括心脏上的冠状动脉)具有遇冷收缩(医学上叫“痉挛”)、遇热扩张的特点,例如天冷时手发白,天热时脸发红就是这个道理。 冠状动脉发生粥样硬化以后,血管内壁就会生长粥样硬化斑块,使血管腔变窄,血流通过减少,此时如果再发生痉挛(血管收缩变细),血流通过就更少,轻者引起心绞痛发作,严重的甚至诱发心肌梗死。一般来讲,凌晨为冠心病的高发时段。这又是为什么呢?这主要与早晨人们对痛觉比较敏感,以及早晨人体交感神经兴奋性比较高有关。交感神经兴奋性较高,血管就越容易痉挛,早晨(尤其刚刚起床时)是人体交感神经兴奋性最高的时间稍遇不良刺激,就容易引起冠状动脉痉挛,引起心绞痛发作。当然夜间睡眠时饮水少、血液粘稠度高,加之夜间服药间隔时间比较长,早晨血中药物浓度低,也是造成该时段多发心绞痛、甚至心肌梗死的原因。冠心病是多因素的疾病,为多种因素作用于不同环节所致。这些因素为危险因素,主要包括: 1.年龄:本病多见于40岁以上的中老年人,49岁以后进展较快,但近年来,冠心病的发病有年轻化的趋势; 2.性别:在我国,男女比例约为2 1。但女性绝经期后,由于雌激素水平明显下降,LDL(低密度脂蛋白)水平升高,女性冠心病发病率明显上升,有资料表明,60岁以后,女性发病率大于男性; 3.职业:脑力劳动者大于体力劳动者,经常有紧迫感的工作较易患病; 4.饮食:常进食较高热量的饮食、较多的动物脂肪、胆固醇者易患本病。同时,食量大也易患本病; 5.血脂:由于遗传因素,或脂肪摄入过多,或脂质代谢紊乱而致血脂异常者,易患本病; 6.血压:血压升高是冠心病发病的独立危险因素,高血压病人患本病者是血压正常者的4倍; 7.吸烟:吸烟是冠心病的主要危险因素。吸烟者与不吸烟者比较,本病的发病率和死亡率增高2 6倍,且与每日吸烟的支数成正比; 8.肥胖:肥胖者易患本病,体重迅速增加者尤其如此; 9.糖尿病:有资料表明,糖尿病病人本病发病率是非糖尿病者的2倍;在以上因素中,血压过高、体重超标、胆固醇过高或过低是导致冠心病的最危险因素。1.应及时添衣保暖,勿受凉。冠心病人对气温变化非常敏感,每当寒潮来临,常会导致病情加重。因此病人的衣着要暖和,居室温度最好保持在15 18 左右。病人外出要注意保暖,勿受冷空气侵袭,这对于防止血管受冷而收缩,心肌耗氧增加而发生心绞痛和心肌梗塞有重要意义。 2.要坚持按照医嘱服药。冠心病是慢性病,不能指望一针一药就能治好,特别是反复出现发作胸闷、憋气、气短、心慌等症状的病人,更应遵医嘱正确服药,不可擅自停药或自行乱用药。 3.合理调节起居。要妥善安排好工作和生活,既要避免过度的脑力劳动和体力劳动,又要避免久坐久卧不动,生活起居要有规律,精神要放松,睡眠要充足。 4.饮食要合理。饮食以清淡为主,少进盐,吃得太咸盐分过多会增加血容量,加重心脏负担。要控制动物脂肪和胆固醇的摄入,少吃肥肉和动物油脂,少吃含胆固醇的动物内脏和鱿鱼、鱼籽等食品,每日胆固醇的摄入量不超过300毫克,约相当于1-2个鸡黄中的含量。多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果和豆制品,适当补充瘦肉、鱼等。酒,浓茶和咖啡亦应少饮或不饮。 5.要保持良好稳定的情绪。要尽量避免过度激动,勿大喜大悲,少看激烈紧张的比赛和惊险的电影电视,可以防止交感神经过度兴奋而引起血管痉挛,防止心肌耗氧增加。 6.要动静结合。除了有频发心绞痛、心力衰竭、急性心肌梗塞和严重心律失常的病人外,一般病人可以进行一些力所能及的 体育 活动,如散步、做操、慢跑等,有利于增强心脏功能,增加冠状动脉血流量。参加 体育 活动要循序渐进,以心率不致过快、呼吸不过度急促、无明显不适为度。 7.要随身携带急救药。冠心病人应随身携带一些急救药品如硝酸甘油、速效救心丸等,以备病情发作时可以迅速应急使用。 8. 对于体质虚弱患者,可适当服用益气、固表、扶正、活血化瘀的中药,来提高免疫力,增强抗病能力,从而达到减少病情反复或加重的可能。 冠心病治疗的目的是增加心肌血供,从而减轻或缓解症状,恢复心脏功能,延长患者生命,提高患者生存质量等。治疗冠心病的方法有药物治疗、介入治疗和外科手术治疗三种。 1.药物治疗:药物治疗包括西药和中药,发作期使用西药较好。目前中医治疗已经取得了较大成功,大大减轻了患者痛苦,降低了死亡率,改善了患者生活质量,延长了患者生存寿命。平缓期可以合理选用中药。西药主要有:硝酸酯类:如硝酸甘油,消心痛,欣康等。他汀类降血脂药:如立普妥,舒降之,洛伐他丁,可延缓或阻止动脉硬化进展。抗血小板制剂如阿司匹林、波立维。β-受体阻滞剂如常用的有倍他乐克、比索洛尔等。钙通道阻滞剂,冠状动脉痉挛的病人首选,如合心爽、拜心同。 2.介入治疗:常用的是经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及冠脉支架植入术。通过带球囊的导管使血管扩张并挤压血管壁上的斑块,从而增加血流。术后在血管内放置支架保持血管通畅。该方法有一定的治疗效果,但是容易复发,有造成血栓的可能。 3.外科手术治疗:指冠状动脉旁路移植术,即通常说的冠脉搭桥术。搭桥手术适合于弥漫的、有钙化的病变血管患者,尤其适合于三支冠状动脉或左主干病变的患者。 现在我国大部分地区进入秋冬季,尤其是我们东北地区,近日来气温逐渐降低,昼夜温差加大,心血管疾病尤其是冠心病患者会明显增多,因此积极做好预防工作显得极其重要。平时要加大宣传以降低冠心病易患因素及发病率,对于那些已经确诊的患者要积极对症治疗并且需要定期复诊,这样才能有达到效防治冠心病。张彦红,沈阳医学院附属医院干诊二科主任,主任医师,医学硕士,教授。东北老年病联盟委员、沈阳市 科技 局评审专家、沈阳市卫健委高级专业技术任职资格评审专家。在冠心病、高血压、心律失常、心力衰竭等心血管疾病诊治方面具有较为丰富的经验和较高的造诣。
什么是冠心病?冠心病的症状有哪些?
生活中,不少中老年人都出现了冠心病,而冠心病的危害程度比较高,在发展过程中容易因为冠状动脉血管粥样硬化而出现血管腔狭窄,堵塞表现,患者通常会有心肌缺血,缺氧,坏死等情况,进而引发多种不良反应。如果察觉到了冠心病的信号,最好采取合理的治疗措施,必要时通过手术的方式进行改善,这样才能避免冠心病恶化而威胁到患者的生命安全。那么,身体出现哪些症状,可能就是患上冠心病了呢?
1、心律失常
平时生活中,如果察觉到身体有某些异常的不适感出现,最好检查就医,很有可能是身体出现疾病的信号了。如果短时间内发现自己有心律失常的表现,需要警惕冠心病。因为心脏作为人体重要的器官,在冠状动脉出现硬化病变的情况下,此时局部需要的氧气,血液等供应不足,就会影响正常的心脏功能。
此时,患者的心率就会出现异常的表现,多有心律失常的情况。因此,察觉到自己的心脏部位心律失常明显时,需要第一时间就诊,看看是否为冠心病引起。一旦确诊为冠心病,就需要制定详细的治疗方案进行改善。
2、胸痛
冠心病来临时,身体的异常表现会十分明显,例如胸部疼痛就和冠心病有关。冠心病发展时会出现典型的胸痛,而且这些胸痛会因为情绪激动,体力活动而引发。此时,患者可以感觉到自己的心前区异常疼痛,多呈现压榨性疼痛,发作性绞痛。
在发展过程中,此时人的肩膀部位,手指部位还会出现放射性疼痛,需要通过合理的休息服用硝酸甘油才可以改善,这就是冠心病比较常见的疼痛表现。因此,察觉到这种异常后,需要及时针对冠心病展开治疗,否则冠心病会持续发展。
3、恶心呕吐
出现冠心病这种慢性疾病后,此时患者的身体异常症状会比较明显。如果发现自己有恶心呕吐的情况出现,而且伴随着胸部剧烈疼痛,需要警惕冠心病。因为冠心病发展过程中,此时心肌坏死,缺氧,缺血等都可能会引发恶心呕吐的表现,甚至在呕吐过程中会不断出汗
近年来,我国冠心病的患病率和死亡率一直处于上升的趋势,这和人民生活水平的提高,不 健康 的生活方式增加是有关系的。得了冠心病,在很多方面,都需要注意。比如,在饮食上面就不能跟正常人一样,什么东西都吃。
牛奶的蛋白质含量丰富,冠心病患者是可以吃牛奶的。但是,冠心病患者建议吃脱脂的牛奶。 为什么有这样的建议呢?
得了冠心病,还能不能治好,这是所有患者都想知道的一个事情。但是很遗憾的是,以目前的医疗水平,只能做到控制,而不能完全治好,也就是没有办法断根。
尽管无法断根,但是只要好好治疗,按照医生说的做,还是可以活的很好的。以下是我给冠心病患者的几点建议:
一、好好吃药
从确诊冠心病的那一刻开始,意味着你必须长期的服药。尽管你心里一万个不愿意从此成为药罐子,但是要想好好的活着,必须说服自己好好吃药。
冠心病的治疗药物主要有两大类:
1、预防急性心肌梗死的药物
急性心肌梗死,是冠心病里面最急、最危险的一种类型。大多数的情况是因为心脏的斑块出现破裂,导致血管内血栓形成,引起血管的完全堵塞,不及时的治疗,有生命危险。
2、改善心肌缺血,减轻症状的药物
二、避免冠心病的危险因素
三、坚持 健康 的生活方式
健康 的生活方式包括很多方面,饮食方面、作息方面、坚持运动、良好心态等等。
四、避免可能诱发急性心肌梗死的因素
冠心病患者最怕的就是急性心肌梗死的发生,那些容易诱发急性心肌梗死的因素是需要尽量避免的。
五、心肌梗死发生时,要学会判断
急性心肌梗死就是血管完全的堵塞了,心肌得不到血液供应,就会坏死。时间拖得越久,坏死的心肌面积越大,病情也就越重。
因此,时间就心肌。越早判断出心肌梗死,越早到医院,心梗坏死的面积就会越小,病情也相对比较轻。
心梗的先兆:
六、定期的复查
今天门诊来了一位冠心病的患者武先生,一个月前劳力性心绞痛,有人建议他造影,王医生说先吃药看看,结果吃药效果不错,目前已经完全控制住了。今天来是复查,复查完后,一切正常,心率58次,血压118/68,低密度脂蛋白1.8。
临走时,武先生问我,他能喝奶吗?以后还得注意点什么?
王医生很是差异,因为之前都给他讲过一次,怎么又会问这个问题,或许患者很愿意和医生交流,这样才踏实吧。
既然患者问了,王医生就有义务回答:牛奶当然能喝,冠心病啥都能吃,不完全忌口,只要把油盐糖控制好,多吃各种食物都行。
既然说道吃,那我们顺便复习一下,冠心病的饮食细节,我们先简单说说牛奶,我们都听说过一杯奶强壮一个民族吧!大部分人喝奶都有好处,只有少部分不喜欢或喝完不舒服才不建议喝奶。
牛奶中含有蛋白质、钙、磷、维生素A、维生素D和维生素B2。心血管疾病饮食只是建议低盐低糖低油,而牛奶并不属于高盐高油高糖,所以冠心病人,当然可以喝牛奶。那么冠心病在饮食上除了大原则低盐低糖低油外,细节还需要注意什么呢?
需要控制的食物,要控制盐,不仅是炒菜的盐,一天盐少于6g,还包括酱油、酱豆腐、咸菜、熏肉等等都需要控制;少吃甜食,尤其是各种糕点,人造黄油,油酥点心,油炸食品,肥肉,动物内脏,猪牛羊红肉,细粮等等。这些食物需要控制量,一定少吃。
适当可以多吃,或为主的食物,粗粮杂粮,蔬菜水果,鱼类,去皮禽类等等都可以为主。
饮食 健康 ,只是冠心病 健康 生活的一部分, 健康 生活包括戒烟戒酒,控制体重,减少熬夜和压力,保持情绪稳定,保持大便通畅,坚持有氧运动等等结合起来,并且需要配合一定的药物。
最后还要提醒大家,冠心病能治好,但这所谓的治好是控制住病情,在一定长时间内不犯病。但并不是真正的治好,也就是暂时无法根治,需要长期 健康 生活 正规用药。
但不要认为不能根治就每天纠结担心,因为我们遇到很多冠心病的人八九十岁,也就是正规治疗下,与冠心病和平共处,并不影响我们的生活质量和正常寿命。但不重视或不正规治疗,那么冠心病会加重,可能急性心肌梗死,可能心衰。所以,一旦确诊冠心病,我们要正确面对, 健康 生活,正规治疗。
总之,冠心病的饮食没有绝对不能吃的食物,甚至偶尔吃一顿大餐,偶尔开心一次也无妨,只要能长时间坚持低盐低糖低油,坚持大多数一日三餐 健康 ,那么就是 健康 的,因为 健康 不仅是饮食 健康 ,还包括心态 健康 。
[心血管王医生版权]
冠心病患者能不能喝牛奶,这的确是临床上很多冠心病患者在咨询的问题。其实,大家对于牛奶的疑问主要还是来自于是否会影响血脂?而冠心病患者往往需要血脂达标,这就使得很多人有疑问,不知道冠心病患者是不是能喝牛奶?今天张大夫就来说一说这个问题。
当然,对于冠心病患者来说,喝牛奶肯定是可以喝的,但是要注意适量,因为牛奶中也含有脂肪,也会对于血脂产生一定的影响。但是,只要不过度摄入牛奶,一般说来,问题都不大。有些冠心病患者提出喝脱脂牛奶的想法,这肯定是更好的一种方案,这样做既增加了钙质的摄入,又不增加血脂的负担,的确是一个好方法,但是口味上可能不如全脂牛奶好喝。同时,张大夫查阅文献也发现,欧洲一些小型的研究提示,喝牛奶摄入的饱和脂肪酸,相对于吃肉摄入的饱和脂肪酸,可能对于冠心病危害要小一些。当然,这些研究规模较小,也还没有上升到指南的高度,喝一点需要跟大家说清楚。
从我自己的角度看,我认为冠心病患者可以适量喝牛奶,但是对于全脂牛奶对于血脂的影响一定要给与重视。其实,脱脂牛奶对于冠心病患者来说,可能是一个更好的选择,既补充了钙质,又不影响血脂。
能提出这样的问题,说明患者对冠心病格外的重视 ,这是好的一点。可是,就像提问的患者一样,很多时候患者都太过谨慎,太过害怕了,所以在饮食上就特别小心,什么都不敢吃,结果到头来反而不利于病情的管理。
冠心病患者是可以喝牛奶的。牛奶是公认的 健康 饮品,其中富含高品质的蛋白质,是补充人体蛋白质的优质来源,而且还有钙、铁、维生素等多种营养成分,对于任何人来说,都具有很高的营养价值。对于冠心病患者来说,牛奶能帮助补充人体蛋白质、钙质等,这对管理病情也是有好处的。
之所以冠心病患者会担心喝牛奶有危险,主要是因为牛奶中含有丰富的脂肪,害怕喝了会升高血脂。我们都知道,高血脂是加速冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块发展,加速冠脉狭窄的元凶,如果血脂高了,肯定不利于冠心病的管理。但是,牛奶中所含的脂肪都是优质脂肪,脂肪中有卵磷脂、脑磷脂、胆碱等有效成分,对于抑制胆固醇吸收,降低胆固醇还有一定的帮助。而且牛奶中所含的胆固醇含量很少,每天一杯牛奶不会成为升高胆固醇的危险因素。
冠心病患者最好这样喝牛奶!
1、不要多喝,再好的食物都不能多吃,牛奶也一样,每天200-300ml为宜。
2、尽量选择喝低脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶,远离含糖的牛奶,发酵的酸奶中含有一种牛奶因子,具有降低胆固醇的功效,尤其适合冠心病患者。患者还可选择羊奶。
3、伴有严重肾功能不全、肾结石、消化道溃疡、胰腺炎等疾病的患者,喝牛奶要慎重;对牛奶过敏的患者或乳糖不耐受的患者,不要喝牛奶。
太过谨慎的冠心病患者还有一个特点,就是整天担惊受怕,总觉得自己的心脏有问题,就活不长了。事实上,冠心病虽然无法治愈,但不是绝症。长寿的冠心病患者还是很常见的。曾经就有调查显示,百岁以上的长寿老人中竟然有1/3患有冠心病。这全部得益于我们强大的心脏,因为心血管侧支循环的建立,会帮助维持正常的心脏功能。
冠心病虽然不能治好,但是完全可以控制! 很遗憾地告诉患者,冠心病是治不好的,这是由它的发病机制决定的,因为冠状动脉粥样硬化是不可逆转的。不过,治不好不代表一定会因此而丧命,这是慢性病的特点。只要是患者能积极治疗,控制病情不再继续恶化,完全可以和正常人一样生活和工作,甚至比 健康 人活得更 健康 ,更长寿。曾经就有一位患冠心病近30年的长寿老人,他在讲述自己的抗病史的时候,总结了几点注意事项。
冠心病是冠状动脉性性心脏病的简写,是各种原因引起冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞,导致心肌细胞缺血、缺氧和坏死的心脏病。冠心病主要包括无症状心肌缺血、心绞痛、心肌梗死、缺血性心脏病和猝死型五大类。 冠心病患者日常饮食中应以清淡为主,少吃高脂肪、高胆固醇、高盐饮食,牛奶作为我们生活中常见的食品,种类繁多,富含优质蛋白等营养物质,对于冠心病患者来说,是可以饮用的,建议大家饮纯牛奶或低脂奶或脱脂奶为宜,少饮含糖量高的牛奶及其制品。 冠心病患者在合理饮食的同时,在日常生活中还需注意严格戒烟;限制饮酒,最好不饮酒,难以戒酒者必须控制量和频率,且葡萄酒为宜;适当运动,以有氧运动为主,讲求循序渐进,避免剧烈运动;控制体重,肥肉者注意减肥;规律作息和保持良好的心态。 我们在改善生活方式的同时,也要注意长期使用阿司匹林和他汀类药物,以稳定斑块、预防血栓形成。同时,要积极治疗基础病,控制血压、血糖、血脂达标。也要注意监测病情变化和定期复查。
本文由全科扫地僧为您解答,希望对您有所帮助。不足之处,敬请指正,文章仅供参考,不作为医疗建议。
我曾经不止一次说过“冠心病与其他疾病不同,虽然同样需要注意饮食,但并没有什么绝对的禁忌,重要是饮食原则”,也就是注意下“高盐、高脂、高糖食物的摄入量,而非完全不能食用”。
一,药物
这是冠心病患者最关心和熟悉的话题,作为一种慢性疾病,患者常被叮嘱需要长期服药,这些药物多为长效制剂,并不存在所谓的耐药性的问题,所以不要随随便便的停药,否则可能出现危险,这个服药与否跟有无症状没有直接联系。
药物除了每天定量服用外,还需要定时服用,像一日三餐吃饭一样,养成一种习惯,提高服药依从性。
在服药期间,需要小心所服药物的副作用,比如最常见的阿司匹林,它的副作用是出血,也就是说近期需要手术或患有胃溃疡、脑出血等疾病的患者不能服用,一旦出现便血、牙龈出血等症状时,也需要及时排查原因,以便在医师指导下停药、换药。
二,饮食
就像我开文所说,饮食是冠心病患者必须注意的重点,除了在饮食选择上,需要按照总摄入量(盐、脂肪、糖分等)来选择外,还需要戒烟戒酒,这两种“饮食爱好”,是高危致病因素。
平时在吃饭时,患者需要控制自身的欲望,哪怕饥肠辘辘,也需要缓慢匀速进食,当达到七、八分饱时停止就餐,否则会加重心脏负担,发生危险。
都知道冠心病高发季节是冬天,但实际上,夏天气温较高时,同样是冠心病患者的多发期,在炎热的天气里,人们都向往着清凉,患者血管由于高温处于扩张状态,一旦突然进食过凉的食物或饮料,胃肠道会受到刺激,引起血管急速痉挛收缩,让血管内的压强增加,血压升高,突发心绞痛、心梗等事件。
三,支架
作为手术的一种,支架手术与其他手术相比,存在很大的不同,它的诞生目的并不是以致病为第一任务,更多的是一种急救措施,主要用于冠脉狭窄较高患者的急救进程中。
是否需要支架,在临床上是有标准的:需要达到75%狭窄,存在明显的临床症状,有心肌缺血的客观事实,否则不建议进行支架手术。
支架后,不管是否有症状,都不能停药,不仅不能减少药物,还需要加服氯吡格雷,与阿司匹林进行双联抗血小板治疗一年。
支架后,不仅服药不能停,饮食、生活习惯同样不能放任,因为支架并没有解决根本问题,随着时间的推移,依然可能二次、三次支架,我们所服用的药物和规范的饮食生活习惯,为的是延缓病情发展速度。
从整体来看,冠心病既然被称为慢性疾病,那么只能控制,不能恢复!
从局部来看,部分冠心病患者通过解除致病诱因,完全可以恢复正常生活!
我们常说对因治疗,病因的不同造成了治疗方案不同,所以这是基于诱发病因不同,而出现的两种治疗方向:
整体: 饮食、高龄、三高、遗传、烟酒、肥胖都是冠心病的形成原因,这些因素造成了血管的粥样硬化、血管内脂质的沉积,进而出现的斑块血栓,当血管的通行空间变小,其中通行的血液流速和流量就会减少,心肌组织缺乏足够的血氧灌注,供给和消耗失衡,就会发生心绞痛、心肌梗死等事件,由于斑块沉积在血管壁下,很难进行清除, 所以也就造成了冠心病的难以治愈,只能通过支架进行人工撑开或搭桥的另辟捷径,但依然会继续恶化,所以只能控制不能恢复。
局部: 基于身体各部位的联系,我们发现一个系统的关联,当患者因为日常的行为习惯导致脊柱发生病变,就会影响到周边的神经系统,而神经贯穿着我们的全身各处,脊柱病变的位置不同,影响到的神经也就不同,所能造成的后果天差地别,而交感神经从脑干这个起始点开始出发后,途中会经过脊髓、颈部神经节、胸部神经节,最后到达心脏神经从进而支配心脏,而我们的血管也会受到神经的直接支配,当患者的颈胸椎发生突出持续压迫神经,使其兴奋紊乱,造成的后果就是相应血管发生痉挛性收缩,这种情况是血管的整体收缩变小,而非斑块造成的内部体积变小,虽然同样会造成心肌缺血的事实,但治疗难度和方法是完全不同的, 对于此类患者来说,只要及时去除病灶,调控神经完全可以恢复正常。
对因治疗中的病因查找非常重要,哪怕治疗措施做到尽善尽美,方向错误依然属于无效治疗!
冠心病的发生与生活方式不 健康 密切相关,尤其是高脂饮食,牛奶虽然营养丰富,但也含有脂肪,那么得了冠心病,牛奶还能喝吗?其他方面还需要注意什么?冠心病能治好吗?
徐医生逐一来为大家解答…
牛奶可以饮用,但要适量,最好选择低脂或脱脂牛奶
牛奶中含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质等营养物质。乳蛋白中含有人体所必须的氨基酸;乳脂肪多为短链和中链脂肪酸,极易被人体吸收;钾、磷、钙等矿物质配比合理,易于人体吸收。
冠心病患者需要低脂饮食,大量摄入全脂牛奶对血脂还是有影响的,建议冠心病患者适量饮用,并且选择低脂或脱脂牛奶,徐医生个人认为一天250ml就可以了。基于以上分析,冠心病患者是完全可以饮用牛奶的,无需担心。
冠心病是一个慢性病,需要终身服药,并坚持 健康 的生活方式,避免疾病复发,有一些冠心病相关的注意事项,徐医生跟大家科普一下。
1. 生活方式改善
戒烟限酒, 烟草中含有尼古丁等有害物质,对于心血管危害极大,同时对肺功能也会进行性损害,冠心病患者应该立即戒烟,刻不容缓。
健康 饮食,低脂饮食。 减少胆固醇摄入。例如避免食用肥肉,蛋黄,蟹黄以及其它高胆固醇含量食物, 对于糖尿病患者需要低糖饮食,高血压患者需要低盐饮食, 综合考虑自己危险因素,做到 健康 饮食生活习惯,降低食物摄入带来的潜在风险。
锻炼运动。 适宜的锻炼有助于病情的控制,并且利于机身对于缺血状态的预适应,生命在于运动 ,不能因为患有冠心病而静卧不动,导致活动耐量下降,起到相反的作用。
2. 监测危险因素
糖尿病 是冠心病的等危症,也就是说,糖尿病患者发生冠心病的风险是非常高的,必须通过各种措施使血糖达标。一般建议 60岁以下糖尿病患者的空腹血糖 6mmol/L,餐后2h血糖 8mmol/L。 密切监测血糖,根据血糖状态调整降糖药物,是延缓冠心病进展的关键因素。
血脂 包括总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋,其中 冠心病患者的血脂水平,主要是看低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(坏胆固醇)这个指标,要求 1.8mmol/L,对于血脂不高的冠心病患者,要在此基础上进一步下降30-50%。 他汀药物可有效降低胆固醇,并减少今后再发心血管事件的风险。坚决避免根据血脂正常范围,自行停止服用他汀类药物。
冠心病患者的血压目标,一般来讲 140/90mmHg, 降压达标,高血压是冠心病的危险因素,同时,也不宜过低,尤其是舒张压,因为心脏灌注主要是在舒张期, 不建议 110/60mmHg。 需要根据血压水平灵活调整降压药物,终身服用药物也需要灵活多变的对待,核心在于血压维持在合理的水平。
徐医生从生活方式和危险因素监测两个方面给大家提出了一些建议,希望大家从此能够更加 健康 ,更加积极地面对这个疾病,也希望能帮助到每一个冠心病的患者。
冠心病是由于冠状动脉内皮损伤、血液粘稠、血流减慢、高脂血症、高血压等因素引起的冠状动脉内脂质沉积或斑块形成阻塞血管腔导致的一种心肌缺血性病变。只要发现,及时采取适当的方法进行治疗,是可以治好的疾病,它不是绝症,希望不要悲观!
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患者是可以喝牛奶的,这要从牛奶中所含的营养成分说起,牛奶中除了含有高质量的蛋白质外,还含有较多钙、铁、维生素B等成分,所以牛奶有预防高血压和冠心病的作用。
牛奶中含有人体自身不能合成的八种必需氨基酸,其中蛋氨酸有抑制交感神经的作用,有助于维持人体的生理、心理平稳,蛋氨酸还有促进钙的吸收和预防感染的作用。牛奶中所含的蛋白质,有清除血中过量的钠而防止动脉硬化、高血压的发生;其中的蛋白还有助于保持血管的弹性,延缓动脉硬化的进程。
另外,牛奶中所含乳清酸可以抑制胆固醇的合成,牛奶中所含的钙质和胆碱,具有促进胆固醇从肠道排泄、减少其吸收的作用。所以说,牛奶是冠心病患者比较合适的一种食物,只要条件允许,可以适量喝一些鲜牛奶,对冠心病、高血压、高脂血症的预防和治疗有一定的好处。
冠心病既然发生了,就要积极治疗,如长期服用抗凝、降血脂、降血压、降糖药及扩血管药积极控制高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等诱发心肌梗死的高危原发病,避免心绞痛或者心肌梗死的发生。必要时进行介入手术治疗,疏通狭窄的血管。定期进行心电图、心肌酶谱、血生化、凝血功能、冠状动脉造影等相关检查,根据检查结果调整治疗方法。
谢谢阅读!
您好,楠医生予以解答您的提问。
冠心病患者是可以饮用牛奶的,但是在选择牛奶种类上需要注意,因为血脂升高,尤其低密度脂蛋白对冠心病的不良影响,建议饮用脱脂牛奶,这样饮用既可以满足身体需求,又可以避免血脂升高增加冠心病的风险。
冠心病冠心病是目前非常常见的心血管疾病,随着年龄的增加,这个疾病发生的概率逐步的增大,但是冠心病有不同的分类,绝大多数患者通过积极的药物干预,以及危险因素的控制,生活方式的调整,均可以有效的控制在正常的范围以内,是可以达到临床治愈的标准。
抗血管药抗血小板药物和他汀类药物是治疗冠心病的基石。
抗血小板药物(阿司匹林,氯吡格雷等),可以减少急性心血管事件的发生,是贯穿在整个治疗冠心病过程中。部分患者认为阿司匹林可能会导致胃肠道不适,但是临床研究发现,这个药所引起的胃肠道不适,发生率非常低,是相对比较安全的药物,可以长期服用,特别是在饭后服用阿司匹林,可以进一步降低药物的不良反应。
他汀类药物(阿托伐他汀钙,瑞舒伐他汀钙等)是预防并减缓动脉粥样硬化病理进程的关键药品。这个药有三大作用:调节血脂、抑制血管内皮炎症反应、稳定斑块。三个方面相辅相成,可以延缓斑块的增大以及防止斑块破裂所导致产生的急性心血管事件。
冠心病并不会无缘无故的发生。是由于血压,血脂,血糖等这些危险因素相互作用长时间累积而导致产生的。
当这个疾病发生的时候,我们需要从自身去分析每一个人不同的特点,根据自身所存在的危险因素,针对性治疗,往往是解决问题的关键环节。因此,对于冠心病的控制,我们需要全方位去分析和判断,力求把这些危险因素控制在合理的范围内,也就潜在的解决了冠心病进展的可能。
良好的生活习惯,是保证我们 健康 长寿的重要基础,吸烟酗酒,脾气暴躁,长期失眠,肥胖不爱动等这些生活习惯,往往是很多疾病潜在的诱发因素。
我们必须通过自己的调整:管住嘴迈开腿,保持良好的心态,戒烟限酒,适度的运动等这些措施的执行,保证我们拥有一个 健康 的体魄,去抵抗各种疾病的侵袭。
冠心病患者是可以适量喝牛奶的,考虑到全脂牛奶中的胆固醇和饱和脂肪略高于脱脂牛奶, 所以比较推荐冠心病患者饮用脱脂牛奶,每天250 300ml左右为宜。
对于冠心病患者而言,日常饮食需要限制肉类的摄入量,这就意味着蛋白质的摄入量有限,那么牛奶、豆制品等可以成为冠心病患者补充优质的蛋白质来源,避免因蛋白质摄入不足而影响整体 健康 状态。
此外,牛奶中富含丰富的钙、镁、钾、叶酸、维生素B等对心血管疾病有益的成分,对血脂、血压都有一定的正在促进作用,研究发现摄入适宜的奶制品有利于降低心血管疾病的发病率以及全因死亡率。
所以冠心病患者适量的喝牛奶是完全没有问题的。
谢谢阅读、希望对您有所帮助。
冠心病是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的简称,是指冠状动脉粥样硬化使管腔发生堵塞以及冠状动脉功能性的改变,导致心肌缺血、缺氧而引起的心脏病,亦称为缺血性心脏病。冠心病由于发病率高,死亡率高,严重危害着人类的身体健康,从而被称作是“人类的第一杀手”。冠心病是医疗临床上最为常见的心脏病,而且所有心脏病患者死亡率上看,冠心病占有53%,也是医学上最为严峻的医疗问题。
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冠心病全称为“冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病”,心脏的动脉血管一共有三根,我们称为冠状动脉血管,当冠状动脉血管发生粥样硬化之后,血液当中如果杂质过多,血管内部就会形成斑块,随着时间的积累,斑块在血管内堵塞就会越来越严重,导致血管引发血流狭窄,造成心脏供血不足、供氧不足,当血管狭窄堵塞小于50%,我们称为“冠状动脉狭窄”,当血管狭窄堵塞等于或大于50%的时候,我们就可以确诊为“冠心病”!
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冠心病症状初期不是很明显,心慌心悸、呼吸不畅,无故变懒,这些症状容易被患者忽略掉,或者是和其他病症混淆。病情持续发展患者会有较大的情绪波动,情绪过于激动时,会诱发心前区疼痛,症状较轻时是闷痛,严重时是绞痛或者压榨性疼痛。疼痛会有变化,有时可能会放射到其他部分,可能是左肩、手臂、下颌,此时患者舌下含服硝酸甘油会有明显缓解。所有心脏病发展到后期,都会走向一个极端“心力衰竭”,是由于冠状动脉血管里的斑块出现破裂,形成血栓,血栓堵塞到心血管,导致心脏出现严重缺血缺氧,心脏功能严重受损,一旦发生心力衰竭,就非常危险了,5年内50%的死亡率。
冠心病患者一旦确诊,一定要做好相应措施,需要及时治疗,控制,防止悲剧的发生。
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Are the sun and the solar system to the sun as the center, dominated by its gravity and the objects around it sports posed by the system . Members include the sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Ming Wang, more than 2000 asteroids 34 satellites, as well as a lot of comets and meteoroids. The sun (Sun) The center of the solar system objects. Are a star. Contains nearly 98% of the solar system quality. With the Earth's average Distance of 149,600,000 kilometers diameter 1,390,000 kilometers, to the Earth 109 times the volume of the Earth's 1.3 million times, Ping Are the density of 1.4 grams / cubic centimeter. Surface temperature of about 6000 degrees Celsius, the center temperature of 15 million degrees Celsius. By Nuclear fission of hydrogen nuclei into helium thermonuclear reaction a large amount of energy. The naked eye we see the surface layer called the "light ball" , Light balls above a layer called the "chromosphere", the most outer layer called the "corona", which formed the sun's atmosphere. Too Yang's rotation period is 25 days, the bipolar area is about 35 days, the sun on the most abundant chemical element hydrogen. The sun's activity stems from its central part. The sun's core pressure of more than 34 billion times the Earth. Here at hair Health of nuclear fusion. Fusion led to the four proton or a hydrogen atom or helium nuclei阿尔法粒子. Al Law on the quality of particles smaller than 0.7 percent to four protons, the quality of the remaining energy is transformed into the sun and was released to the table Noodles, and through the process of emitting light and heat convection. Solar core, through millions of years of energy required to reach Its surface. Per second have been 700 million tons of hydrogen into helium. In the process, there are about five million tons of net energy Volume was released, so the sun can make light-emitting. Photosphere are the chromosphere above. Amount of solar power through the region from the center outward transfer. This layer can be seen too Yang flares. Flares sunspots are formed before the chromosphere the hydrogen generated by hot clouds. Photosphere at some Region, a slightly lower temperature than the surrounding (usually 4000 degrees Celsius), this is the sunspot. The sun's outer atmosphere called the corona. Date the region has bait. Date baits are the upper chromosphere at the enormous Flame. The most coronal extension of outer space-oriented and radiation generated by the particles from the sun. Coronal only have the whole day Can be seen when fresh. The sun's age of about 46 million years, it can continue to burn about 50 million years. At the final stage of its existence, too Yang will be in the helium into heavy elements, the sun will also be the beginning of the volume continues to expand, until the Earth swallowed. At 一亿年After the red giant stage, the sun will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf - all stars of the existence The final stage. Go through several万亿年, it will eventually completely cooled. Mercury (Mercury) Ancient China, also known as "辰星." The sun, one of the nine planets. From the sun recently. With solar distance 0.39 Astronomical units, that is 57.91 million kilometers in diameter for 38% of the Earth, mass of the Earth's 5.5%, density of water 5.4 times larger orbit eccentricity, 0.21. Revolution period of 88 days, the rotation period of 59 days. For The sun side of the temperature of 400 degrees Celsius, while the sun back to -160 degrees Celsius, Mercury has many craters on And has a strong magnetic field, the surface strength of 1% of the Earth. Shell by the porous soil, or similar surface soil of the moon rock Composed of stone powder. Mercury is even lower than Jupiter's satellite Ganymede (Ganymede) and Saturn's satellite Titan (soil Titan) is also small. Mercury surface similar to the lunar surface. Meteorite dust covered the ups and downs撞成hills, a few kilometers of the fault cliff high Stretching hundreds of kilometers, large and small craters are everywhere. Looks at the sun than the Earth on large two and a half times. Because of not enough air to scatter sunlight, the sky is usually dark. If you look up to the sky, he also Xu will find two bright stars: a bright yellow are the Venus, the other one is blue earth. On observations from the Earth, Mercury and the sun angle of the largest only 28 degrees at dawn or during the day it appeared in the sky , So its observation very difficult. In the "sailors" on the 10th visit the Mercury before the awareness of Mercury are Very small. Because of its revolution and rotation of the relationship between the more complex, if the sun to rise from the sun for a Down Units to calculate, on the day of Mercury will be the day the Earth 176. Mercury appears that it can not exist on the water, its atmosphere is very small, and very high temperatures during the day. However, in 1991 Mercury at the Arctic scientists found an unusual bright spot. Highlights the possible cause of this are at the surface Or underground ice. Because the orbit of Mercury is rather special, at its North Pole, the sun is always on the horizon only irresolute Further. At some of the internal crater may never see the sun because of the temperature dropped to -161 degrees Celsius . Such a low temperature is likely to solidification from the planetary internal release of gas, or accumulation of ice from space . Mercury atmospheric pitiful, its main components for helium (42%), Sodium vapor (42%) and oxygen (15%), and its The average surface temperature of 179 degrees Celsius, up to 427 degrees Celsius, a minimum of -173 degrees Celsius. Venus (Venus) Ancient China, also known as "Venus", "Chang", "Taibai", "star" and so on, the nine planets of the solar system 1. According to the order from the sun for the second. With an average distance of the sun 0.72 astronomical units, 108,210,000 Km. Size and the Earth is similar to the diameter of the Earth smaller than 5%, quality 82% of the Earth, the density of water, 5 .2 Times the revolution period of 225 days, the rotation period is 243 days, the rotation direction and the other planets the contrary, the surface cover Covered a very thick atmosphere, the most carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor low surface temperature as high as 480 degrees Celsius About. Venus surface of the magnetic field only one-thousandth of the Earth also has an ionosphere. Separately in the morning because of Venus Morning and evening in the sky, the ancient astrologers have been think there are two such planets, then sub - Do not be referred to as the "Morningstar" and "evening." In English, Venus - "Venus" (Venus) is an ancient Romanian Horse of the god of love and beauty. It has always been curly clouds shrouded in mystery at. Because of Venus and the Earth in size, mass, density and weight on very similar, and almost all of Venus and the Earth Formed simultaneously by the same nebula, astrologers will have them as sister planets. But recently scientists have discovered , Venus and the Earth in fact very different. Venus has no oceans, it has been the main ingredients for a thick oxide Carbon in the atmosphere surrounded by water does not. Its cloud is composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, it Equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level on the Earth 92 times. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide caused by "greenhouse effect", Venus surface temperature up to 482 photo S degrees. Sunlight through the atmosphere will be hot roast Venus surface. Surface outward radiation of heat at the process by Atmospheric barrier, can not be distributed into outer space. This makes Venus than in Mercury also hot. Random surface of Venus is covered with many small craters. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere, a diameter less than 2 kilometers Crater is almost impossible to retain it. And when a large meteorite in a small pit formed before the meteorite hit the surface of Venus, and its production Health and debris at the surface of the crater produced exceptional group. Volcanoes and volcanic activity of a lot of the surface of Venus. To Less 85% of Venus surface covered with volcanic rocks. Many lava flows hundreds of kilometers, fill the lowland, forming a broad Wide plains. In addition to hundreds of large volcanoes, more than 100,000 small crater Block embellishment at the surface of Venus. From fire Mountain emitted lava flows resulted in a long trench, ranging up to hundreds of kilometers, one of a range of ultra - Over 7000 kilometers. The topography of Venus is covered with vast lava plains and mountains of geological activities undermine or plateau. At Maxwell Hill Ishtar region are the highest mountain on Venus. Aphrodite highland region occupies almost Half of the equatorial regions. Magellan plans to obtain more than 2.5 kilometers of Venus images show the existence of the plateau zone prescribed Bright soil moist. However, in the Venus surface, liquid water are unlikely to exist, and could not explain the bright plateau Reasons. There was a presumption that these bright regions may be due to metal compounds. Studies have shown that this Some metals may be iron sulfide. It can not exist in the plain areas, but at high altitude is possible. These payments May also be an alien, and it led to the effect is the same, but the concentrations are lower. The Earth (Earth) The nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the third stars, with the sun's average distance of about 14,960 10,000 kilometers, the volume of around 1,083,200,000,000 cubic kilometers for the equatorial radius is about 6378 kilometers, the radius is extremely 6,3 57 kilometers, a difference of 21 kilometers. The average water density is 5.5 times the revolution period is 365.25 days, the rotation cycle 2 3:56. Revolution of the Earth orbit is an ellipse with the Earth equatorial plane into 23 degrees 26 minutes angle. So generated The length of the seasons and day and night. Surface has a solid crust. An area of 51,100 km, one of the total marine table Area of 71%, land is about 29%, surrounded by the atmosphere, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and other gas components. Earth Has a satellite - the moon. Used to distinguish the characteristics of the Earth are on a black background and blue water, brown and green Land and the large white cloud. We are the Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21% are oxygen, the remaining 1 percent are other ingredients. Flat surface of the Earth Both the temperature is 15 degrees Celsius, the mean pressure of 101.3 Pa. The Earth are the only known solar system planets existence of life. Express our planet's rotation and nickel iron lava nuclear Heart to generate a vast magnetic field, together with the atmosphere to prevent almost all from the sun and other stars Harmful rays. The Earth's atmosphere for us to block a lot of meteorites, meteorite much at their arrival and before the Had been burned. Since the beginning of human space exploration, our own planet there is a greater awareness. The first man-made human beings to Ball satellite discovered a strong radiation zone, now called the Van Allen radiation belts. The causes are from Sports Express in the charged particles in the equatorial region of a circular region to capture the Earth's magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field By the solar wind into a droplet-shaped twist of this phenomenon is also found by satellite. We also found that once we identified Is very calm for the upper atmosphere, they are very active, and it during the day and evening to narrow expansion. Live by the sun Dynamic effects of the Earth's upper atmosphere to affect weather and climate. Apart from the impact of the Earth's climate, the sun's activities are also our atmosphere for the brilliant performances. When the charged particle Son of the Earth's magnetic field has been captured, they are with our planet's pole impact air molecules so that these open air molecules Sending light, this is the "Aurora." Mars (Mars) Ancient China, also known as "荧惑," the nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the fourth stars. And too Yang average distance 1.52 astronomical units, or 227,940,000 kilometers in diameter for 53% of the Earth, its size at Ranked seventh in the solar system. Quality for 11 percent of the Earth, the density of water is 3.9 times the revolution period of 687 days, Rotation cycle of 24 hours 37 minutes. Mars's equatorial plane and orbital plane 23 degrees 59 minutes into the corner, so on Mars also has Four Seasons, a quarterly basis and around six months long. Very thin atmosphere, mainly composed of carbon dioxide, the surface temperature at Chek Road during the day and the highest, at 28 degrees Celsius, down to -132 degrees Celsius at night, white极冠of the main components of water ice Also has a small amount of dry ice, the size of极冠changes with the seasons. Sometimes disappear in summer and winter increase. Surface Comparing the same as the Earth has rocks, volcanic and desert regions. On Mars because of the rock, sand and sky are red Color or pink, so the planet is often also referred to as the "red planet." The southern hemisphere of Mars are similar to the moon covered with craters of the ancient plateau, while the Northern Hemisphere, mostly organized by young plains Composition. Mars 24 kilometers high on the "Olympus" Mountains can be called the solar system are the highest mountains. Away from fire Stars around tens of thousands of kilometers, have two very small stars, which are the Martian satellites. In Chinese, the name is reminiscent of Mars to the "fire" and hot, but in fact, this red planet is Abnormal cold and dry. Nevertheless, Mars is still in the solar system and earth are the most similar to a planet. It Smaller than the size of the Earth, the atmosphere thinner than the Earth. A very thin atmosphere of Mars, the Earth's atmospheric pressure is only 7 thousandths. The main components of the atmosphere of Mars are dioxoketene CFCs, and other ingredients are nitrogen, argon, oxygen and so on. Mars atmospheric water at the proportion of only 0.03% . Thus abnormal drying the surface of Mars. Mars the average temperature of minus 55 degrees Celsius, while the larger temperature difference: In the summer, daytime temperatures up to Twenty degrees Celsius, while in winter the temperature can be as low as minus more than 100 degrees Celsius. Mars often have strong winds, And thus often leads to large-scale dust storms. Scientists have found that many areas on Mars have been signs of erosion, but it seems to criss-cross the riverbed Telling us that Mars once had liquid water, they gather into large and small lakes, and even marine . Scientists, it was explained that at the early formation of Mars, the planet by thick clouds of carbon dioxide The parcels, resulting in a powerful "greenhouse effect" by the solar radiation, heat the surface of Mars have been obstructing the clouds Separated, can not be distributed to the outer space, making temperatures rise, so that liquid water to exist. At that time, the warmth of the Martian Humid, you may have been bred to life. Mars has two poles at many solid-state carbon dioxide (dry ice), scientists have speculated that in these enormous ice Cover may exist below the water-solid. Jupiter (Jupiter) Ancient China, also known as "岁星," one of the solar system planets. According to the order from the sun for the Fifth stars. And too Yang average distance of 5.20 astronomical units, or 778,300,000 kilometers. Volume and quality than the other eight planets Combined, and the equatorial diameter of the Earth 11.18 times for the 142.8 thousand kilometers. The quality of the Earth's 317.89-fold , Density of water 1.3 times, public transfer cycle 11.86, the rotation cycle for the 9:50 is the fastest one rotation Stars, so the shape is very flat. Jupiter atmospheric shading shows staggered parallel to the equator of the cloud band, the temperature was about -12 1 degrees Celsius. Well-known Great Red Spot are embedded in the cloud band of clouds. Atmospheric thickness of about 730 kilometers. Atmospheric depths have Water vapor, but the total amount of less than hydrogen. There are acetylene, ethane and phosphine. Jupiter's magnetosphere has been a huge package Around with the Earth's magnetosphere similar to, but charged particles within the magnetosphere the energy of the radiation of the Earth is about one million times. Wood Stars than the Earth magnetic field strong 20-40 times, suggesting that Jupiter has its own energy. Jupiter has 13 satellites, consider someone There may be satellites fourteenth. There is a halo of Jupiter and Aurora
Chinese Holidays and Festivals Post By:2008-12-2 19:55:05 As well known, different countries have different customs and cultures. With the development of China, it has a rich and unique culture. The holidays and festivals in China are quite different from those in other countries. We have many traditional holidays and festivals. In addition, people in different areas also have their own local customs.New Year —元旦It falls on the first day of the year. It marks the beginning of a year. People will plan what to do in the new year. Because they believe that the whole year's work depends on a good start in spring.Spring Festival —春节Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. It is on the first day of the first lunar month(阴历正月). On the eve of the festival, people will paste spring poems(贴春联)with lucky words. They prepare delicious food, dumpling is a must. They also clean their house, but there is no sweeping on spring festival for people think it will sweep away good luck. People often come back home to enjoy family reunion, the whole family will get together for the big dinner. They also exchange greeting with other friends and relatives.Lantern Festival 元宵节It comes on the 15th of the first lunar month and it marks the end of the Spring Festival. On this day, people often eat sweet dumplings(元宵)for good luck. They will visit the display of lanterns(灯展)or go to temple fair(庙会)Qingming 清明节Qingming —It is also called Tomb-Sweeping Day. It falls on April 4th or 5th . That is a special day for the living to show love and respect to their dead friends or relatives. People often go to sweep the tomb and put the meat, wine in front of the tomb. One interesting thing is that people burn the paper money for the dead. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节This day is on the fifth of the fifth lunar month, People often get together to watch the wonderful “Dragon Boat Race”(龙舟大赛),Rice Dumpling(粽子) is a must on Dragon Boat Festival. People eat Rice Dumpling in memory of the famous poet-屈原who died on this day many years ago.Mid-autumn Day —中秋It comes on the 15th of the eighth lunar month. People often gaze at the “Lady in the moon”(嫦娥) and eat moon cakes. The Mid-autumn Day also means harvest
泰哥,我给你找了几个,必须采纳啊! To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助长” Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying. 从前,有个农夫,种了稻苗(seedlings)后,便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田时,都发觉那些稻苗长得非常慢。他等得很不耐烦。想了又想,他终于想到一个“最佳方法”,他将稻苗全都拔高了几分。第二天,一早起身,他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。 哪知,却看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。Plugging One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盗铃” Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief. 从前,有一个人想偷邻居门上的铃,但是他知道一碰到铃,铃就会响起来,被人发现。他想啊想,终于他想出一个“妙极”,他把自己的耳朵用东西塞起来,就听不见铃声了。但是当他去偷铃时,铃声仍旧响起来,他被别人当场抓住The Fox and the Crow “狐狸和乌鸦” One day a crow stood on a branch near his nest and felt very happy with the meat in his mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crow’s beautiful voice, the crow felt flattered and opened his mouth to sing. As soon as the meat fell down to the ground, the fox took the meat and went into his hole. 有一天,一只乌鸦站在窝旁的树枝上嘴里叼着一片肉,心里非常高兴。这时候,一只狐狸看见了乌鸦,馋得直流口水,非常想得到那片肉。但是,无论狐狸说什么,乌鸦就是不理睬狐狸。最后,狐狸赞美乌鸦的嗓音最优美,并要求乌鸦唱几句让他欣赏欣赏。乌鸦听了狐狸赞美的话,得意极了,就唱起歌来。没想到,肉一掉下来,狐狸就叼起肉,钻回了洞Draw a Snake and Add Feet to It “画蛇添足” Long long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing, so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, "Who has ever seen a snake with feet?” The story of "Draw a snake and add feet to It.” tells us going too far is as bad as not going far enough. 古时几个人分一壶酒。他们都想独自喝完那壶酒,所以就定了一个规矩:每人在地上画一条蛇,谁画得最快,这壶酒就归谁。有一个人很快就把蛇画好了。他正打算喝这壶酒时,看见别人都还在忙着画,就决定给蛇再画上几只脚。结果,他的蛇脚还没加完,另一个人已经把蛇画好了。那人一下把酒壶夺了过去,说:“有谁见过长脚的蛇?”。这个故事告诉我们这样的道理:做得过分和做得不够都是不对的
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《诊断地球》 《动物解放》 《时间简史》 《智慧的灵光》 《科学发现演义》是书名
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