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英汉商标翻译论文开题报告

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英汉商标翻译论文开题报告

你好,这个不是固定的,你可以和导师商量一下

开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明,并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified 1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit 1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death 2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate 2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful 2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky 1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms 2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor 2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity 2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. 2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms 1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble 1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms 2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative 2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. Nov.16th - Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. Nov.23rd - Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering 3. Dec.21st - Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. Jan.11th - Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review 5. Feb.9th - Mar.14th, 2009 First draft 6. Mar.15th - Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft 7. Apr.11th - Apr.20th, 2009 Final version 8. Apr.27th - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》,2005,(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》,2002,(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》,1997,(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师 年 月 日 系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年 月 日

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容:

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况:

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。

张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲:

thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见:

指导教师签名:

年 月 日

论英汉翻译中的语序调整(三) 在英汉翻译过程中,之所以产生这样的问题是因为英汉两种语言的语法结构、行文习惯、思维模式不同。英美人强调客观,常用物、抽象概念、非人称it 作主语,让事物以客观的口气呈现出来,使叙述显得公正、客观,结构趋于严密、紧凑,语气较为委婉、间接。中国人有“天人合一”的观点,强调人与自然浑然一体,常用人作主语,主语的思维模式往往是从自我出发来叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人的行为或状态。英汉翻译时,所确定的主语是否恰当,必须考虑译文是否符合汉族人民的思维模式。例如: (3) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the worldlaugh. (这位曾使全世界人发出笑声的人自己却饱经辛酸。) (4) It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。) 例3 英文用抽象名词bitterness 作主语,汉语却用“这位曾使世界人发出笑声的人”作主语;例4 英文用形式主语it 作主语,汉语用“她”作主语,看来似乎风马牛不相及,其实这是中西方思维模式不同的缘故,例4 意思是:这种念头从来没有闪过她的脑际。原句当然可以说She has never thought tha theisa dishonest man. 但两相比较,前一句强调“他是个不诚实的人”是客观事实,字里行间显露出她对这事感到惊异,后一句只强调了主观印象。译文清楚明白地写出了“她”对“他为人不诚实”这一点的认识。英汉翻译中的语序转换 英语和汉语的语序有相同之处,但也有不同之处。因此,在英汉互译时,对原文的句子成分和词语的先后顺序,必须按照译出语的语序习惯进行安排,有时需要语序转换。英汉互译中的语序转换主要包括以下几个方面:一、定语位置的转换汉语中的定语,无论是单用还是几个词连用,通常放在所修饰的名词前面。英语则不然,单词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的名词之前,短语和从句做定语时则放在所修饰的名词之后,在汉译英时,必须要考虑定语的位置。如:睡觉的那个婴儿看上去很可爱。The sleeping baby looks lovely.你认识操场上踢球的那些男孩吗?Do you know the boys playing football on the playground ?这就是Polly呆的那个笼子。This is the cage that Polly lives in.需要说明的是,在英语中,不定代词的定语常后置,如:你有什么重要的事吗?Is there anything important in today's newspaper?二、状语位置的转换在英汉互译时,状语位置的变换极为复杂。因为在英汉两种语言中,状语的位置都不是很固定。出于强调程度、句子平衡和上下文的关联等方面的考虑,状语的位置都会发生一些变化。在翻译时,首先,要熟悉英汉两种语言状语位置的差异,然后,按译出语的习惯来调整安排。比如说,在汉语中,状语常放在主语之后、谓语之前,有时为了强调也放在主语之前,但译成英语时则不然。如:他整天都工作。He works allday long.我非常喜欢住在中国。I like living in China very much.另外,英语的方式状语一般常放在地点状语、时间状语之前,而汉语恰恰相反。如:我们得早点去那里。We have to go there early.她每天早晨在教室里高声朗读。She reads aloud in the classroom every morning.英汉互译时,需要变换位置的绝不限于定语和状语,其它句子成分和一些词语的位置,也要按照译出语的习惯作适当的调整和变换。比如说,英汉语言中各有一些并列的固定结构,其语序各不相同,如汉语中说“南北”,而英语说north and south;汉语说“新老”,英语则说old and new。这些需要大家在翻译时格外注意。?/P>英汉翻译中的词序错位现象 Saturday, 15 September 2007 英汉翻译中的词序错位现象(Different Word 0rders) 总的来说,汉英的语序基本一致。正是因为这种语序是基本一致的,在汉英翻译时不一致的地方就容易出差错。由于两种语言文化的表达、表述的习惯不同,形成一些固定说法的格式不同,如下面的例子,翻译时只有死记硬背。这种死记硬背非常重要,是翻译的重要基本功之一。在过去的翻译书中技巧讲得很多,但也应该重视固定说法的背诵功底。 1、英汉词序错位 例如: 水火 fire and water 贫富 rich and poor 新旧 old and new 长短 short and long 细长 long and thin 男婴 baby boy 女婴 baby girl 冷热 hot and cool 凉爽 nice and cool 物理化学 chemistry and physics 工农业 agriculture and industry 年月 month and year 田径(运动) track and field (events) 迟早 sooner or later,first and last 水土流失 soil erosion and water loss 新郎新娘 the bride and the bridegroom 手疾眼快 quick of eye and deft of hand 喜怒哀乐 anger, grief, joy and happiness 水乳交融 as well blended as milk and water 2、有一些情况汉英说法顺序差不多 例如: 上下 up and down 高低 high and low 老幼 old and young 父母 father and mother 夫妇 man and wife 来龙去脉 from beginning to end 来来往往 come and go, back and forth 3、汉语习语中常有同义重复表达。如“徘徊”、“回环”、“温暖”、“思想”、“道路”等,英语中也有这种结构 例如: time and tide 岁月 wear and tear 磨损 near and dear 亲近 lord and master 主人 wants and likes 喜好 the rank and file 百姓 论英汉翻译中的语序调整 [ 语序指各级语言单位在组合中的排列次序,是语言的重要组合手段之一,既反映了一定的逻辑事理,又体现了人们在长期使用语言过程中所形成的语言习惯,还反映了语言使用者的思维模式。以英语为母语的民族和汉族是不同的民族, 其思维模式必然不同,对同一客观事实的描述也就有着不同的语言表达顺序。文章从英汉翻译过程中主语的确立、信息焦点的突出方法、汉语时间句序的特点以及语序调整的实证性分析来探讨英汉翻译中的语序调整。 (一) 确定主语,调整语序。英语为主语显著的语言,主语突出,除省略句以外,一般情况下每个句子都有主语;句法重形合,要求句子各成分特别清楚,以免结构混乱,影响句意。 而汉语则是主题显著的语言,主题突出,主语不突出;句法重意合,指代关系在形式上不明显。在篇章中,某些句子的主语常常可以省略,有时必须省略;有些主语难以一眼看清,需要读者用心识别。因而在英译汉过程中,确定主语,调整句序往往是一个需要动脑筋的问题。例如: (1) Nightfall found him many miles short of his appointedpreaching place. 这句话按原文的语序,Nightfall (夜幕) 作主语,按原语序照样翻译下去,译文会显得别扭,不自然。按照汉语的语言习惯,应选用“他”作主语,因而正确的翻译是:夜幕降临时,他离预定的布道地点还有好多英里路。又如: (2)As is known to all ,2003 saw the successful launching ofChina’s first manned spaceship. 这句话可译为:众所周知,中国在2003 年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。原文主语是“2003”,但译文没有以“2003”作主语,而以“中国”这一行为主体作主语。用时间作主语是英语中较为常见的现象,这种用法不仅强调了时间的观念,而且也使句子简洁、生动。按照西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯,英语还可以用地点等名词作主语。如:Nanjingwitnessed many great historic events. (在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。) 在英汉翻译过程中,之所以产生这样的问题是因为英汉两种语言的语法结构、行文习惯、思维模式不同。英美人强调客观,常用物、抽象概念、非人称it 作主语,让事物以客观的口气呈现出来,使叙述显得公正、客观,结构趋于严密、紧凑,语气较为委婉、间接。中国人有“天人合一”的观点,强调人与自然浑然一体,常用人作主语,主语的思维模式往往是从自我出发来叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人的行为或状态。英汉翻译时,所确定的主语是否恰当,必须考虑译文是否符合汉族人民的思维模式。例如: (3) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the worldlaugh. (这位曾使全世界人发出笑声的人自己却饱经辛酸。) (4) It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man. (她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。) 例3 英文用抽象名词bitterness 作主语,汉语却用“这位曾使世界人发出笑声的人”作主语;例4 英文用形式主语it 作主语,汉语用“她”作主语,看来似乎风马牛不相及,其实这是中西方思维模式不同的缘故,例4 意思是:这种念头从来没有闪过她的脑际。原句当然可以说She has never thought tha theisa dishonest man. 但两相比较,前一句强调“他是个不诚实的人”是客观事实,字里行间显露出她对这事感到惊异,后一句只强调了主观印象。译文清楚明白地写出了“她”对“他为人不诚实”这一点的认识。 (二) 突出信息焦点,调整语序。信息焦点即信息单位的焦点所在,是信息单位内在主重音或调核体现的一个或多个作为信息高峰值的单元。语言现象分析常用的方法是句子成分分析法,其实这远远不够,还要进行交际分析或实义分析, 即主述位分析。主位是陈述的对象(或称话题) ,是谈话的出发点,也是读者从上下文或从语言外的知识得知的内容,表达的是已知信息;述位则是对陈述对象所作的陈述,即对已知事物说了些什么,是交际的中心,叙述的目的,是读者未知或假定读者未知的内容,表达的是新信息。通常新信息是句子内容的重点或句子的强调点。由于新信息往往需要比已知信息陈述得更详细,因此需要用更长、更重的句尾。这种结构是按句尾重心的组织原则组织起来的。但是,英语中有些句子成分后置,并不是因为代表新信息,而是因为太长,太复杂,若不后移就会使句子结构头重足轻。所以,英汉翻译要根据不同情况弄清原文句子的信息焦点是什么,原文是通过什么方法来突出这一焦点,而译文又应以什么方法来突出这一焦点,以达到对等效果。 在英语句子中,信息焦点总是由新信息构成的,在正常情况下,这种焦点一般出现在句末。例如: (5) I am painting my room blue. 在一般情况下,blue 应为信息焦点,因此该句可译为:我在把我的房子刷成蓝色。如果上例是回答Are you paintingJohn’s room blue ? 这一问题的话,那么句中的信息焦点就落在my 上,因为这是新信息。所以,译文也需作相应的调整,以反映信息焦点的变化。那么该句就可译为:我是在把我自己的房间刷成蓝色。 英语突出信息焦点的主要方法有三种:语序调整、强调句型和拟似分裂句。在句子中,信息单位的重要性与其在句中所处的位置有关。若要提高某一词语在句中的信息价值,办法之一就是调整语序,将其前置或后移。虽然汉语的次序在信息处理方面所起的作用不如英语那么重要,但语序调整仍然是突出信息焦点的一个不可忽视的手段。例如: (6) This jug is difficult to pour cream out of . (这把壶里很难倒出奶油来。) (7) Cream is difficult to pour out of this jug. (奶油很难从这把壶里倒出来。) (8) 四川人不怕辣,贵州人辣不怕,湖南人怕不辣。 (9) Sitting at her desk in deep concentration was my sisterFlora. She looked as though she had spent a sleepless night . (全神贯注地坐在桌旁的是我妹妹弗洛拉,她看上去好像是通宵未睡。) 例6 将cream 置于句尾,强调奶油很稠。例7 将this jug置于句尾,强调这把壶嘴子小,奶油很难倒出来。例8 通过语序调整强调四川人不怕吃辣的东西,贵州人辣了一次后第二次仍不怕辣,湖南人辣的东西不怕,怕就怕在不辣,因为他们对辣东西已习以为常了。在这三个分句中,说话人当然在强调湖南人最不怕吃辣椒。例9 采用倒装句来调整信息焦点, 设置悬念,使文章更为生动,汉语译文也采用倒装句,收到同样的效果。 强调句型It is. . . that . . . 和拟似分裂句是英语用来突出信息焦点的重要语法手段,可以强调句中不同的成分。英译汉时,为了突出重点可以适当地调整句型,把原文的信息焦点转换为汉语的“是. . . . . . 的”等信息价值较高的句子成分。例如: (10) It was Jane who played Mozart at the party last night . (昨晚在晚会上演奏莫扎特作品的是珍妮。) (11) It was Mozart that Jane played at the party last night . (珍妮昨晚在晚会上演奏的是莫扎特的作品。) (12) What I am doing is teaching him a lesson. (我眼下在干的是就是教训他一顿。) (三) 依据汉语时间句序特点,调整语序。句序是以句为单位,包括语段中句子的顺序和复句内分句的次序。汉语界前辈吕叔湘先生曾指出:汉语中特多流水句。我国的翻译工作者也指出:时间顺序是汉语安排动词的基本规律。功能主义语言学派则从语言与外部世界关系的角度对汉语进行了研究,发现汉语的象似性程度很高,语言符合按自然的时间顺序排列的强趋势。例如: (13) 华老栓忽然坐起来,擦着火柴,点上遍身油腻的灯盏。 (14) 扫开一块雪,露出地面,用一枝短棒支起一面大的竹筛来,下面撒些秕谷,棒上系一条长绳,人远远地牵着,看鸟雀下来啄食,走到竹筛底下的时候,将绳子一拉,便罩住了。 (15) 我轻轻地扣着板门,刚才那个小姑娘出来开了门,抬头看了看,先愣了一下,后来就微笑了,招手叫我进去。 对汉语句子时间顺序进行实证性考察,发现除了现实的时间顺序原则外,还有抽象的时间顺序和心理的时间顺序。 抽象的时间顺序是指未进入现实时间流程的时间顺序,事件之间的时间关系只存在于人们的逻辑推理中。例如: (16) 你先出去,让我们起来。 上例前后两分句的动词“出去”、“起来”在说话者说这句话的时候还没有进入现实的时间流程,还不具备实际发生的时间,但两个分句的时间先后一目了然。心理的时间顺序是指人说话时主观心理轴上的时间顺序,一种是先交待已知的、次要的,然后交待未知的、重要的信息。“已知+ 未知”的信息结构是人们主观心理轴上的时间顺序在汉语中的反映。另一种是先认识的先说,后认识的后说。例如: (17) 玫瑰花儿可爱,棘多扎手。 (18) 这句话不只说出了气候上的一条规律,也是人类生活中的一条哲理。 例17 中说话人把前一分句作为已知信息,作为铺垫,意在后一分句。在例18 中,后一分句比前一分句意思递进了一层,是信息焦点,是强调的对象。 (19) 袭人羞得脸紫胀起来,想想原是自己把话说错了。 这句话是前果后因句,句序似乎跟前两种顺序相悖,但仔细体会一下人们说这话的心理:人们在叙述中顺着上文先说出某种结果,接着想到有必要,于是又补充说出一个理由或原因。补充说明的内容是事后的想法,它置于结果句后,是因为它是说话者后来想到或意识到的。 由上观之,汉语的句序比较固定,时间顺序是复句安排分句次序的一个经常起作用的原则。在英汉翻译中,由于汉语表达的需要,常需改变原文的句序,即使很短的句子也有句序调整的问题。例如: (20) I am glad to see you. (见到你很高兴。) 在英语里,一般都是先说出个人的感受,然后再说有关的情况,说明为什么会有那样的感受。汉语则往往相反,先说具体情况,然后再说个人的感受。 由于英语句子是树式结构,句子成分叠床架屋,层层叠叠,形成一个立体的空间构架,英语这种构造手法使得时间顺序的格式显示不出来。而汉语则不存在一个主干结构,它是由结构上现对独立的单句连接而成的,整个复句呈现出平面线性延伸。尽管分句流放不拘,疏散铺排,但整个复句并不杂乱无章,而是贯通一气。这其中之章法就是一定的顺序:一个个事件、一层层意思按照时间顺序排列,整个句子形散而神聚。因此在英汉翻译中,有时可以从源语到目的语直接传译, 如下图所示: X ————→Y但由于两种语言具有以上所述的结构差异,而译者往往要走一条曲折的路,如下图所示: X Y└—————————↑也就是说,为了顺利地进行传译,首先要对英语句子进行拆卸(unpack) 和逆转换(back - transform) ,将拆卸下来的各部分转换成核心句(kernel sentence) 形式,然后再由核心句传译成汉语的一个个分句,最后将分句按时间顺序作句序调整,生成汉语译文。如下图所示: 英语原文 汉语译文↓ ↑切分,逆转换 句序调整↓ ↑英语核心句——————→汉语分句对这一操作步骤,下面举例说明: (21) I put on my clothes by the light of a half - moon justsetting ,whose rays streamed through the narrow window near mycrib. 首先对英语原句进行“拆卸”处理,原句可切分出三个核心句: ①I put on my clothes by the light of a half - moon. (SVOA) ②A half - moon was just setting. (SV) ③The moon rays streamed through the narrow window nearmy crib. (SVA) 经分析,三个核心句的时间顺序依次为②—③—①。经过此番调整,就可以顺利地传译为: 半轮晓月渐渐西沉,月光透过小床旁边一个窄窄的窗子射进来,我趁着月光穿上衣服。 (22) It was an old woman , tall and shapely still , thoughwithered by time ,on whom his eyes fell when he stopped andturned. 首先对原句进行“拆分”处理,原句可切分为七个核心句: ①It was an old woman. ②She was tall. ③She was shapely still. ④She was withered by time. ⑤His eyes fell on her. ⑥He stopped. ⑦He turned. 经分析, 七个核心句的时间顺序依次为⑥—⑦—⑤—①—②—④—③。因此我们译为: 他站住,转过身来,定睛一看,原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长,虽受岁月折磨而略显憔悴,但丰韵犹存。 (四) 英汉翻译中语序调整的实证性分析。英汉翻译中, 语序调整是个复杂的问题,忽略对这一问题的研究是导致翻译作品洋腔洋调、晦涩难懂的主要原因。用以上的观点审视译著《简·爱》,确实在这方面发现了一些问题。 (23) It was cruel to shut me up alone without a candle. (多狠心呀,把我一个人关在里面,连支蜡烛也不点。) 本例原文句子重心应在cruel 上,不定式短语置于句末不是信息焦点,而是为了实现英语造句普遍遵循的末端重心的原则,避免头重足轻现象。按照汉语先具体再评价的原则,试改译为:把我一个儿关在里面,连支蜡烛也不点,真狠心呀! (24) I then sat with my doll on my knee , till the fire gotlow ,glancing round occasionally to make sure that nothing worsethan myself haunted the shadowy room. (随后,我把玩偶放在膝头上枯坐着,直到炉火渐渐暗淡,还不时东张西望,弄清楚除了我没有更可怕的东西光顾这昏暗的房间。) 译文与原文不符。经分析,原文至少可切分为三个核心句: ①I sat with my doll on my knee. (SVA) ②The fire got low. (SVC) ③I glanced round. . . (SVA) 切分出的三个核心句的时间顺序应为①—③—②。原文中③分句是①分句的伴随行为,它置于句末,是为了符合末端重心的原则。按照汉语复句时间顺序的生成规律,原译有失原意,试改译为:随后,我把玩偶放在膝头上枯坐,还不时东张西望,看看有没有什么比我更坏的东西光顾这昏暗的房间,这样直坐到炉火暗淡。 (25) This is all provoking to Miss Scatchered ,who is naturally neat ,punctual and particular. (这一桩桩都使斯卡查德小姐很恼火,她天生讲究整洁,遵守时刻,一丝不苟。) 先交待外围成分,已知信息,然后点题,提出未知信息,这是汉语行文的一般规律。原句第一分句是果,是未知信息,放在句末较好。因此原译句序应调整为:斯卡查德小姐天生讲究整洁,遵守时刻,一丝不苟;这一桩桩都使她非常恼火。 29. Have I not described a pleasant site for a dwelling ,whichI speak of it as bosomed in hill and wood , and riding from theverge of a stream ? (我不是描写了一个可爱的住所么? 我把它说成是偎依在小山和树林之中,屹立在小河之边上。) 按照“已知+ 未知”的汉语时间句序,应先有论据(已知信息) ,后有结论(未知信息) 。由于原译句序与此相悖,因此需作调整,试改译为:我说它掩映山林之中,坐临溪流之畔,不是把它描写成了一个可爱的住所么? 当然,原文的句序,即先说出结论,再给出论据的句序在汉语中也是有的,但是原译和改译却存在着文体上的差别。 先下结论再去寻找论据的句序是说话者思想不成熟的表现, 因为论据是说者事后才想到的。这种表达的顺序常出现在口语中,口语色彩比较浓。而《简·爱》的原文结构严谨,一点也不松散,是典型的书面语体。由此看来,原译与原文在文体上有出入。 通过以上英汉翻译过程中主语的确定、信息焦点的突出方法、汉语时间句序的特点以及英汉翻译的实证分析,可以了解到英汉两种语言有其各自的特点。要做到翻译忠实、通顺, 语序调整是有必要的。 [参考文献] [1 ]Bronte ,Charlotte. Jane Eyre [M] . London :Oxford University Press. 1987. [2 ]Danks ,Joseph H. . etal. Cognitive Process in Translationand Interpreting[M] . Sage Publications Inc. . 1997. [3 ]Nida ,Eugene A. . On Translation[M] . 谭载喜译,中国对外翻译出版公司,1984. [4 ]戴浩一. 时间顺序和汉语的语序[ J ] . 国外语言学, 1988 , (1) . [5 ]戴浩一. 以认知为基础的汉语功能语法刍议[J ] . 国外语言学,1990 , (4) . [6 ]吕叔湘. 汉语语法分析问题[M] . 商务印书馆,1979. [7 ]吕叔湘. 语文杂记[M] . 上海教育出版社,1984. [8 ]马秉义. 英汉主语差异初探[J ] . 外国语,1995 , (5) . [9 ]谢信一. 汉语中的时间和意象[J ] . 国外语言学,1991 ,你再到下面看看:

论文开题报告商标翻译

问题一:开题报告 英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题二:开题报告 如何用英语翻译? 开题报告. 英语: 1) Research opening report. 2) Background and development of the project. 问题三:"开题报告"这个词,英文怎么说 开题报告 [词典] Thesis proposal; 问题四:开题报告,英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题五:毕业论文开题报告的英文请问怎么翻译 如果图简单的话,就找安太译欣,直接翻译 问题六:开题报告用英语怎么说? Thesis Report 毕业论文揣题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题七:论文开题报告用英语怎么表达,opening rep 你好! 论文开题报告 Thesis opening report 问题八:英语翻译论文论文开题报告怎么写 开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not......>> 问题九:英语论文开题报告怎么写 开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings.......>> 问题十:开题报告 英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report

Proposal 更正式点opening speech;opening report;Thesis Proposal 也都可以但多数都用Proposal 如博士论文开题 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal

我们学校也是,纯粹是为了整学生,你可以到中宏数据库 ,万方数据库去看看,那些都比较专业

论文开题报告商标翻译范文

身为一名硕士,你知道自己的毕业论文开题报告要怎么写吗?下面是我为大家整理的硕士毕业论文开题报告范文,欢迎阅读。

童装设计海岛服设计

选题依据及研究意义

选题依据:

指导老师的研究项目,

服装设计的开题报告怎么写

一般0-2岁的婴幼儿不可用大红大绿等刺激性强的色彩去伤害视觉神经;浅淡色不仅能避免染料对皮肤的毒害,还可衬托出婴幼儿清澈的双眸和粉嫩的皮肤。

儿童在2~3岁可认识颜色,善于捕捉和凝视鲜亮的色彩。

岁儿童可以认识4种以上的颜色,能从浑浊暗色中判别明度较大的色彩。

~12岁是儿童德智体全面发展的关键时期,色彩的应用会直接影响到

儿童的心理素质。

本次的设计是以童装色彩设计为重点,结合现代时尚以及相关元素的基

本使用法则,进行具有时代特点的童装设计。

研究意义:

制作一系列童装,巩固专业知识,学会灵活运用专业所学。

选择好童装的色彩是做好童装销售的重要环节。

通过研究可以发现童装的色彩对于儿童的心里状态有很深的影响

通过此项研究来开发童装的色彩以适应儿童心里需求

文献综述(对已有相关代表性研究成果的综合介绍与评价)

《服装材料学》朱松文等编

这本书系统的介绍了服装用纤维原料、纱线、织物、皮革等各类服装材料的种类、结构和形态,以及它们的各种性能对服装的影响。同时他还介绍了服装的各种辅料的种类、性能和选用方法,国际服装新材料及其流行趋势,各类服装对材料的要求和选用方法。

《时装设计艺术》刘晓刚、许玥著

是我在本次设计方面参考的书籍,这本书弥补了我在设计方面的不足,让我知道了设计的本质就是服务于社会,让自己所设计的服装能够最终穿在人们的身上。

《中国服装辅料大全》孔繁薏,姬生力主编

本书在内容上涵盖了服装辅料的各个种类,介绍了各辅料的品种、分类、规格、性能、工艺、品质标准,以及在服装上的运用。

研究内容(包括基本思路、框架、主要研究方式、方法等)

基本思路:

了解指导老师的研究项目,进行分析研究,在一定的基础上进行创新,拟订设计稿,确定要设计的题目。最后的制作,根据美观、舒适、实用的理念制作出一系列的童装,

框架:

确立设计的题目为 童装设计 后,从以下多方面来制作论述:

根据指导老师研究项目,并进行相关设计;

进行与设计主题相关的研究,并分析将要进行的设计的特点以及优势;根据儿童生理心里的特点,设计出儿童喜爱的童装;

具体设计的总体草图中,按照设计的要求,进行选择绘制一个系列(4套)效果图拟订设计稿和制作方案;

后期的制作和整理;

主要研究方式方法:

研究进程安排

月1日-3月19日:毕业实习;

月22日-4月2日:市场调研、分析;

月5日-4月9日:草图设计;

月12日-4月16日:效果图讲评与确认;

月19日-4月23日:纸样设计与制图;

月26日-5月21日:服装剪裁、服装加工、服饰设计;

月24日-6月18日:完成论文/报告书、服装;

月21日-6月25日:上交论文/报告书、毕业设计电子文件、答辩。

主要参阅文献

[1]《人类心灵的展示》杨治良主编湖南教育出版社2015-04-01第1版

[2]《每天懂一点色彩心理学》:(日)原田玲仁著;郭勇译陕西师范大学出版社2015-6-1第1版

[3]《面料与服装设计》朱远胜主编中国纺织出版社,2015年11月第1版

[4]《服饰心理学》华梅著中国纺织出版社2015年7月第1版

[5]《服装材料学》朱松文等编中国纺织出版社2015年2月第3版

[6]《中国服装辅料大全》孔繁薏,姬生力主编中国纺织出版社2015年3月第2版

[7]《时装设计艺术》刘晓刚、许玥著东华大学出版社2015年9月第2版

[8]《品牌服装设计》刘晓刚著中国纺织大学出版社2015年6月第1版

[9]《纺织品设计的面料再造》王庆珍著西南师范大学出版社2015年2月第一版

主要网络:其它说明

指导教师是否同意开题

签名:

年月日

教研室教学负责人签署

签名:

年月日

本课题的研究目的及意义

意义:音乐教学涉及一般教育学,心理学,社会学的问题,也是音乐学的一个重要部分,而对儿童音乐的启蒙教育更是其中的一个重要环节。促进儿童发展是儿童教育的任务,是确定教育目标、设计和组织教育活动首先要考虑的问题。音乐教育则要尽音乐艺术之所能,发挥音乐艺术教育之优势来促进儿童的发展。音乐艺术之所能,音乐教育之优势,都可从音乐艺术的特殊性中去探索,去挖掘。从事儿童音乐教育工作,既要把握儿童发展的规律和特点,又要熟悉音乐艺术的特殊性,把两者有机地结合起来,使儿童音乐教育能够切实有效地促进儿童发展。音乐教育可以陶冶学生的情操,增强学生欣赏和理解音乐的能力,从而促进学生音乐素质的提高。音乐的声音确不具有确定的含义,是非语义性的。但音乐能通过音调的变化表现出音乐的基本含义。音乐用声音来表达思想内容,是一种表情性的音响。我们知道音乐艺术的主要传播方式是声音,声音只为听觉接受,儿童只有通过聆听音乐,接触音乐,有了一幅音乐的耳朵,才能更好的欣赏音乐,理解音乐,表现音乐,创造音乐。

已了解的本课题国内外研究现状

年霍华德?加德纳提出了多元智能理论,把音乐作为人的八大智能之一。这一理论在美国和世界各地的教育家和教育工作者中受到广泛而热烈的欢迎。柯达伊?左尔坦终生追求的目标是 让音乐属于每个人 。这个教育目标的哲学思想基础是他对于音乐与人的全面发展的关系的理解。他认为音乐和人的生命本体有着密切关系,人的生命中不能没有音乐,没有音乐就没有完满的人生。音乐是人的心灵的表现,音乐满足人在精神上的需要,是每天生活的有机部分。 音乐是不能被其他东西所代替的精神食粮,得不到它的人只能生活在精神的贫血症中,没有音乐就没有健全的精神生活。 他认为,音乐是人类文化绝不可少的部分,对于一个缺少了音乐的人来讲,他的文化是不完善。他还认为,好的音乐教育不但能够极大地提高学生的音乐能力,而且能够促进学生其他学科的发展,促进儿童智力和情感的平衡、健康成长。这样培养出的儿童,精神生活是丰富的,不管他将来从事何种职业,都会成为一个比音乐上无知的人更有用的社会成员。音乐教育在学校的重要性,甚至超过音乐本身,培养音乐的听众就是在培养一个社会。近年来,在加德纳的 多元智能 理论的影响下,人们对个体差异的理解发生了变化,由过去认为的认知能力强弱差异,个性差异演化为认知结构、发展速度及心理特质的差异。要真正尊重幼儿的个体差异,发挥幼儿学习的主动性,就必须使学习内容、学习方法、学习进度等适合每一个幼儿身心发展特点与水平。

本课题的研究内容

研究内容:

) 概述音乐教育与儿童发展

) 研究当前小学音乐教育现状

) 如何运用音乐教育促进儿童发展的对策、建议、途径和方法等

本课题研究的步骤、方法及进度安排

开题报告是我们在完成文献调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。下文是我为大家整理的关于商务英语毕业论文的开题报告的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!

以英语广告语为例

一、 课题背景

当今广告已成为我们生活不可或缺的一部分。我们对于中文广告词或许很了解,但用英文说出广告词却有些难度,同样让你看着英文广告词说中文广告词也是有难度的。本文针对这些问题,从词汇、句法、修辞三方面介绍了广告英语的语言特点,使读者对英语广告的中文含义有更好的、更深的了解;并通过实例分析介绍了广告英语翻译的方法和策略,使读者在了解广告词的同时,能够自己翻译广告词的意思。

二、 毕业设计方案或毕业论文研究方案

本文以英语广告语为对象,从而总结出广告语的创新与否对人们的影响以及广告的重要性。在这个研究目标的指向下,本文采取了理论与文本分析相结合的方法,在进行文献分析总结代写硕士论文前人研究经验的基础上,对各类创意广告语的使用技巧进行详细的文本分析。

目前我已收集了大量的相关信息,以及查阅了很多关于广告英语的资料,所以论文的大致思路已定,提纲如下:

浅论广告英语语言特点及翻译策略

1 英语广告的语言特点

1.1 英语广告的词汇特点

1.1.1使用形容词的比较级和最高级

1.1.2 使用简单动词和口语词汇

1.1.3 使用错别字和杜撰新词

1.2英语的句法特征

1.2.1使用短语代替整句

1.2.2使用简单句和省略句

1.2.3使用祈使句

1.2.4使用第一、第二人称

1.3英语广告的修辞特征

1.3.1比喻

1.3.2排比

1.3.3拟人

1.3.4对比

1.3.5仿拟

1.3.6押韵

2 英语广告的翻译策略

2.1英语广告的翻译方法

2.2.1直译

2.2.2意译

2.2.3套译

2.2.4再创型翻译

2.2英语广告的翻译原则

2.2.1功能定位翻译

2.2.2语言审美性翻译

2.2.3文化矫正性翻译

三、毕业设计(论文)预期成果及创新

本文的预期成果是通过分析资料信息,研究广告英语语言特点及翻译策略,以推进大学生对广告英语的认知及翻译能力。从词汇、句法及修辞三方面介绍英语广告的语言特征,并通过实例分析介绍了英语广告翻译的技巧、策略与原则。透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式,遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯。

创新点:探索和研究了广告英语语言特点及其对大学生翻译英语广告的影响。

一、 选题的背景与意义:

(一)课题研究来源

在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目,本人很感兴趣,于是确定选择该题。

(二)课题研究的目的

本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义,来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。

(三)课题研究的意义

艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家,是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一, 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》,但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》,艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景,通过写两个截然不同的家族,三代人之间的爱恨情仇,充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断,艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突,例如,呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突,凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上,自然在她们心中是神圣之物,这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响,自然,情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且,艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代,当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物,艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶,内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此,要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作,就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度,才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾,由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。

二、 国内外研究现状:

(一)国内研究现状

1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析,他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用,它使人精神放松,包容所有人,它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂,分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱,同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出:艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳,展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。

2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为,自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然,要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性,得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明,则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式,要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类,因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失,自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始,文明和自然的冲突就不断。

(二) 国外研究现状

1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道:“当夏洛蒂写作时,她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验,虽然比较强烈,却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师,没有东家。有爱,却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励,促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去,而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折,但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎,通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们,全人类和你们,永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”

2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时,他总结说:“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰,也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然,荒野与暴风雨,星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒,他们生活在这个世界里,而且努力去改变它,有时顺利,却总是痛苦的,几乎不断遇到困难,不断犯错误。”

三、 课题研究内容及创新

(一)课题研究内容

艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义,例如,呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然,他们崇尚自由,顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明,他们彬彬有礼,服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄,于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战,她开始背叛自己的内心情感,越来越像淑女,最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿,表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端,他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲,约束人的真实自然之情,造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步,但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终,艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明,让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的同情以及要求人顺应人性,重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述:

1. 自然和文明的定义

2. 自然和文明的较量: a.自然和文明的象征:呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争:凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲

3. 结论 人应该顺从自然,归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。

(二)课题研究创新

本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用,来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园,分别代表自然和文明,还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格,通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。

四、课题的研究方法:

本选题拟采用多种研究手法,然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括: 1、定性分析法:根据主观的判断和分析能力,推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法:通过许多个别的事例或分论点,然后归纳出它们所共有的特性,得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法:即历史文献法,就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料,从中选取信息,以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法: 即针对某个研究主题,对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理,对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别,清理与分析,并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况,取得的成果,存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述,评论,建构与阐述。其中,确定一个研究主题,收集整理专题文献,阅读与挖掘文献内容,清理与记述专题研究状况,建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。

五、 研究计划及预期成果

(一)研究计划

4月15日-4月18日:指定论文指导教师,学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日:完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日:完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日:完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交,以便答辩老师阅读),指导教师分组阅读论文,师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日:论文答辩(答辩后,学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改,以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日:二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。

(二)预期成果

按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的,字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。

六、 参考文献:

[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.

[2] Cecil, David.Early Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934

[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着,方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社, 2001

[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着,宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社, 1996

[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01):69-73

[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6):80-83

[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04):80-85

[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04):77-81

七、指导教师评语:

关于英汉商标翻译的论文题目

英语的论文题名一般不应是陈述句,因为题名主要起标示作用,而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义。为此以下是我为大家整理的关于的内容,一起来看看吧! 一 1.Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究 2.The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素 3.On the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译 4.Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究 5.The parison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较 6.Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究 7.Cultural Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究 8.Literature Translation and the Important of it 文学翻译与重要性研究 9.On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation 论杜甫的诗词翻译 10.The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析 11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译 Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words 翻译中不可译性的文化阐释 12.An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译 13.Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals 浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度 14.On Degree of Translators Subjectivity in Translation 修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究 15.A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement 16.Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan 武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析 17.Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese 音意兼译外来词中译之首选方法 18.A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice 浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯 19.Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology 科技英语中定语从句的汉译 20.Film Titles and Their TranslationA cross-cultural perspective 从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译 21.Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English 汉语公示语英译 22.论文化差异与翻译 Cultural differences and translation 23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化 The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture 24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names 25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译 Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese 26.中文商标英译探 On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English 二 1. 商务英语函电翻译技巧 2. 论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 3. 浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 4. 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 5. 商务函电翻译的用词技巧 6. 商标名称的翻译与策略 7. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 8. 如何翻译好日常商务文书 9. 商务英语信函的语体分析 10. 浅谈商务信函的文体特征 11. 英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 12. 商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 13. 论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 14. 跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 15. 浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 16. 商务英语函电翻译技巧 17. 论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 18. 浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 19. 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 20. 商务函电翻译的用词技巧 21. 商标名称的翻译与策略 22. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 23. 如何翻译好日常商务文书 24. 商务英语信函的语体分析 25. 浅谈商务信函的文体特征 26. 英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 27. 商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 28. 论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 29. 跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 30. 浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 三 1、 文化差异与英汉习语翻译 2、 浅析《虞美人•春花秋月何时了》的三种英译 3、 浅谈如何综合选用直译和意译 4、 中国特色新词的英译 5、 汉语成语的英译技巧探索 6、 英语习语的翻译技巧 7、 张扬中国文化,让世界了解中国---汉英翻译中的“求同存异”原则 8、汉英颜色词对比研究 9、广告翻译技巧 10、英语习语翻译技巧 11、从“三美”原则来谈诗歌翻译 12、浅谈直译与意译

外语系英语专业(高职)毕业论文选题(商英专业)1. 《商务英语课程设置的探讨》2. 《跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响》3. 《商务英语的特点及翻译技巧》4. 《商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用》5. 《单证员在国际贸易中的地位》6. 《商务英语函电翻译技巧》7. 《商务谈判中英语的重要性》8. 《浅谈出口结汇风险的防范》9. 《中国退税制度的改革及其影响》10. 《商标名称的翻译与策略》11. 《外贸企业信用风险管理与控制》12. 《2007年外资银行在我国本土注册探讨》13. 《我国利用国际贷款/国际援助现状分析》14. 《WTO与我国反倾销探讨》15. 《我国对外直接投资之现状》16. 《内陆地区对外贸易发展策略研究》17. 《中印两国两国对外贸易战略分析》18. 《人民币升值对我国出口贸易的影响》19. 《浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法》20. 《商务函电翻译的用词技巧》21. 《外商直接在华投资探讨》22. 《社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响》23. 《我国外贸出口品牌战略的实施与研究》24. 《商务英语专业口语课程教学探讨》25. 《入世对我国农产品贸易的影响与对策研究》26. 《应对经济全球化,加快我国企业跨国经营》27. 《英语写作中常见中式英语分析》28. 《入世商务英语写作的研究》29. 《制单工作在国际结算中的地位》30. 《关税壁垒与非关税壁垒探讨》31. 《浅谈实质利益谈判法》32. 《国际电子商务发展面临的新问题》33. 《商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系》34. 《清算所在期货市场上的地位》35. 《跨国公司在华扩张模式透析》36. 《汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题》37. 英汉互译中词义的不对应(文化意义、风格意义、修辞意义等)38. 我国市场经济国家地位与反倾销39. 如何防范信用证40. 我国中小企业开拓国际市场之探讨41. ”10+1”自由贸易区未来前景展望42. 汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧43. 商务英语的特征与翻译44. 珠江三角洲外贸现状及存在的问题45. 南昌现利用外资纵谈46. 广州/深圳等地区三资企业结构分析47. 浅谈广州等地区外贸企业的困境与出路48. 浅谈广州等地区出口产品结构的市场分布49. 商务英语专业毕业生就业岗位之探讨50. 单证员跟单员等资格证书现状思考51. 礼仪在商务谈判中的作用52. 跨国公司的本土化经营战略及其实施53. 中国在亚洲区域合作中的地位和作用54. 延长我国加工贸易国内价值链问题探析55. 中国贸易的现状和前景56. 我国西部地区引进外资问题研究57. 人民币业务对外开放之探讨58. 浅谈涉外合同英语特色59. 海外投资与出口贸易的相互关系60. 文化和地理因素对外商在中国直接投资的影响61. 绿色壁垒对关税壁垒的替代效应研究62. 新贸易保护主义的政策调整与我国贸易发展63. 贸易磨檫及其解决机制研究64. UCP600-信用证领域的新规则探讨65. 论<<联合国国际货物销售合同公约>>的适用范围及总则66. 浅谈<<联合国国际货物销售合同公约>>下卖方的知识产权担保义务67. 我国纺织业出口竞争秩序现状分析与对策探讨68. 浅谈来料加工与进料加工的利弊69. 经纪佣金商或场内经纪人在期货交易中的地位70. 浅谈商检证书在国际贸易中的作用=====================================================================论商务英语教学创新与学生能力的培养 2. 论商务英语专业学生的综合素质 3. 语言教学与商务知识有机结合 4. 商务英语学习的几点体会 5. 商务英语教学应树立以学生为中心的教学思想 6. 商务英语教材分析报告 7. 如何提高精读课教学质量 8. 如何提高商务口语课教学质量 9. 论商务英语专业各种职业资格证书的取向 10. 论商务英语与文化的关系 11. 试论Body Language在商务谈判中的作用 12. 论商务英语广告语言的特征与表达 13. 网络多媒体在商务英语教学应用初探 14. 试论普通英语与商务英语的差异 15. 试论商务英语教学的人文性 16. 试论商务英语教学与文化的关系 17. 试论文化因素对商务活动的作用 18. 试论文化因素对商务英语教学作用 19. 试论商务英语教学中的文化因素 20. 试论商务英语教学中的实践性 21. 沟通语言在商务谈判中的作用与功能 22. 浅论商务面试中的注意事项 23. 浅谈商务英语口语的学习方法 24. 商务英语口语学习状况调查 25. 商务英语专业学生必备的口语能力 26. 为英语口语活动能够设计小组讨论话题 27. 英语口语在商务领域中的应用 28. 国际贸易中英语的作用 29. 浅议商务英语的特点 30. 谈外贸口语的特点及在实际中的应用 31. 商务英语学习中的文化习得 32. 如何把英语语言和专业知识结合到实际工作当中 33. 不同文化中的非言语行为 34. 商务英语和普通英语的比较 35. 试论中西文化习惯在商务谈判中的作用 36. 文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响 37. 浅谈商务英语学生应具备的知识结构 38. 商务英语翻译中的不对等性 39. 提高商务英语学生培养质量 40. 加强商务英语应用化课程建设 41. 试论自主学习对学习商务英语的帮助 42. 论撰写商务信函的礼貌原则 43. 论你对商务英语专业设置的看法 44. 论英语课外活动的开展 45. 商务英语专业的学生应具备的素质 46. 如何翻译好日常商务文书 47. 英语专业毕业生应该具备的基本商务能力 48. 商务写作中的语气分析 49. 商务英语与商务交际 50. 实用英语交际的语言、风格和规范 51. 商务英语学习、文化与自我建构 52. 商务合同英语的文体特征分析 53. 礼貌与商务英语信函中礼貌的表现 54. 商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 55. 英语专业毕业生求职主要途径调查 56. 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 57. 应用敏感性训练提高外语口语水平 58. 商标名称的翻译与策略 59. 英汉旅游篇章文化对比 60. 入世商务英语写作的措施研究 61. 外资企业外语人才素质现状及要求 62. 社会需求与英语学习的转轨 63. xx市街头告示英译调查 64. 会展英语应用 65. 高职高专院校商务英语专业学生在人才市场竞争中的优势和劣势 66. 毕业生如何面对择业形势 67. 网络发展中的英语进化 68. 中外商业广告对比 69. 浅谈文化差异对国际营销活动的影响 70. 试述加工贸易在我国经济发展中的地位 71. 英语在商务谈判中准备工作的重要性 72. 浅谈国际商务谈判中的策略与技巧对价格的影响 73. 试论进出口业务中价格术语的选择 74. 浅析跟单业务中的若干环节 75. 商务谈判技巧之我见 76. 产品中文商标的翻译 77. 当前外贸谈判人员存在的语言问题和对策 78. 论营销渠道的合理性设计 79. 进出口业务中英语的应用分析 80. 浅析进出口业务中的常用词汇 81. 论企业文化 82. 论化解公关危机的策略 83. 浅论商务沟通技巧 84. 广告策略在XX行业中的应用 85. 商标在产品营销中的作用 86. 浅议商务公司的招聘 87. 谈如何运用激励手段优化人力资源管理 88. 浅议市场调研在企业营销中的作用 89. 谈企业营销队伍的现状及如何提高营销队伍素质 90. 浅谈某某公司的现代营销理念 91. 浅议广告与企业形象 92. 我国某某地区商务英语人才需求的现状分析 93. 浅谈国际商务背景下文化因素的重要性 94. 浅议商务沟通的重要性 95. 中小型企业如何应用电子商务 96. 目前商务信用体系建设中存在的问题及对策 97. 论个人营销的推进策略 98. 市场潜力的调研在新产品研发中的作用 99. 产品、价格、地点和促销在营业活动中的重要性 100.家政服务业在现代商业社会中所扮演的角色 101.现代社会中职业选择的新趋势 102.论各种职业资格证书的优缺点 103.跳槽与个人事业进步的关系分析 104.得体的社交礼仪在商务活动中的重要性 105.公共关系在市场营销中的作用 106.快速消费品行业的销售促销 107.快餐连锁店的市场调研 108.小型企业的销售管理 109.销售团队管理 110.管理中的人力资源 111.业绩评估和激励制度 112.行政接待的职责 113.公司办公用品的采购 等等、、、 如果觉得满意,请采纳~

学术堂提供了十五个好写的英语翻译论文题目,供大家参考:1、谈英语谚语的翻译2、谈英语幽默的翻译3、英语汉译技巧初探4、地方名胜古迹汉译英5、翻译中常见错误分析6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响7、会话含义的推导与翻译8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译9、语境在翻译中的作用10、翻译技巧探索11、商标词翻译12、广告语言的翻译13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译

1.解读英语长句的翻译密码2.基于关联理论的对英汉、汉英翻译的本质探讨3.浅析大学英语中翻译能力的提高策略4.外贸买卖合同中从句的翻译

汉翻英论文开题报告

英语翻译论文直接找北京译顶科技就行了啊,省时省力,对接也方便。

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文,供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

可写 Introduction 或 Background 介绍写论文的目的 或 研究的目标

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告,供参考阅读,希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

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