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又到艳阳高照的六月，高考结束的学生们向天空抛起书包，带着笑和高中生活说再见。即将各奔前程的'大四学生戴上了学士帽，含着眼泪和大学校园说再见。笑中有泪的离别，我们在歌声中回味那段“青葱”岁月。下面我们用英语来聊一下我们的毕业感想吧。
毕业感想英文作文范文一：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month.
I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.
I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
毕业感想英文作文范文二：
Every studentis excited about the freshmen year, they are looking forward to seeing theirclassmates and will open the new chapter of their lives. While when the senioryear comes, it means saying goodbye to their classmates and is it time to leaveschool. Freshmen year brings happiness and senior year brings sorrow, students don’twant to say goodbye to their classmates, after the long time’s acquaintance,classmates have built strong friendship, it is hard to say goodbye. In China,there is an old saying that all good things must come to an end, for everystudent, they will leave school and fight for each other’s future. Thoughsenior year is a little sad, it is another turning point for the students, theysome will find a job, some will study abroad, all of them are fighting for theirfuture. Senior year in not the end, it is the beginning.
每个学生都会对入学季感到兴奋，他们期待看到新同学，即将展开新的生活篇章。然而当毕业季到来的时候，这意味着和同学说再见，是时候离开学校了。入学季带来了快乐，而毕业季带来了悲伤。学生不想要和同学说再见，经过长时间的认识，学生间已经建立了深厚的友谊，很难说再见。在中国，有一句方言“天下无不散之筵席”，对于每个学生来说，他们将要离开学校，为彼此的未来奋斗。虽然毕业季有点悲伤，但是确实另一个转折点，有些同学找工作，有些同学出国深造，他们都要为将来奋斗。毕业季不是终点，而是开始。
毕业感想英文作文范文三：
Hello, everyone.
I don't know how to express my feeling now. I don't know whether I'm happy or sad. Today we'll be apart. From now on we'll never study together, never laugh together.
I've been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. I've learned a lot here. I got to know what's English and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didn't listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldn't do anything else but shout Attention!
Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instead Te Li could spell it. It's really admirable. I love Teacher's reading, nice although not better than .
How time flys. I'm going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.
Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!
Thank you! That's all.
毕业感想英文作文范文四：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.
I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me.
Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others。
毕业了总是会有很多的'感想，以下是YJBYS我为大家整理的5篇毕业感想英语作文，欢迎大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
毕业感想英语作文一：The feelings about graduation
The farewell day would the least expected day in my life, but it has come eventually. At this momnet, I have to say that it is such a priviliage and honor to have worked with you guys shoulder on shouldr over the last four years. We went through a lot and achieved a lot. When I look back and think about the past, I feel so pround and accomplished not only because of the knowledge I have learnt and the progress I have made in my study, but also because the geniue friendship I have obtained with you guys.
毕业感想英语作文二：The feelings about graduation
Dear teacher,
You told me, "no pain, no gain." thanks a lot. I think it's hard to say good bye because it's kind of you for me. You taught me so much things which is helpful. Just like how to be a kind person and how to communicat with others. I only want to say how much i need you, i will never forget you.
Yours, student
毕业感想英语作文三：The feelings about graduation
At graduation, I want to say to the classmates: thank you for me, and the other teachers, to the entire school things support!!!!! Are you the teacher of the sky, fly a pair of wings, the growth of happiness!
Time passed quickly, you by, unconsciously, you through the junior middle school three year study life. In three years, you leave footprints in the campus, and released, scattering the ideal sweat, harvest I wish, to take away the maturity, and left behind the memories. A few days to come, in my mind, often will save you present at his desk the homework situations; Crazy dozen laughter, Let the teacher force to eat breakfast things like; Creating art festival in song; On the sports ground endeavoring figure; More specific classmates stealing copy homework awkwardness; Climbing over the fence risk; Have help each other love; More in order to hit a small thing of reckless...... . I think this is your life, is also growing occasionally I will.
Graduate, the separation, leaving gratitude, take it hope.
毕业感想英语作文四：The feelings about graduation
Hello, everyone.
I don't know how to express my feeling now. I don't know whether I'm happy or sad. Today we'll be apart. From now on we'll never study together, never laugh together.
I've been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. I've learned a lot here. I got to know what's english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didn't listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldn't do anything else but shout Attention!
Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. It's really admirable. I love Teacher's reading, nice although not better than .
How time flys. I'm going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.
Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!
Thank you! That's all.
毕业感想英语作文五：The feelings about graduation
I would like to thank you for all the help you gave me during this past semester. You were alway so patient when I asked you questions. You listened to them carefully and explained everything so thoroughly. You showed me different ways to practice and remember new words and usage. I felt so encouraged and became more comfortable in speaking English. You made the excercise so interesting that I was always very eager to participate and practice. My English has improved so much. How could I thank you enough?! I cannot wait to take your class next semester and keep working on my English.
关于毕业感想英文作文After graduation, I matured a little, grew up a little, and got rid of the pressure of daily homework. However, after leaving my best friend who usually plays, leaving the people who hide in my heart, the eulogy resounds in our ears. After graduation, we are about to go our separate ways and move towards our own future. Looking back on last year, I helped the sixth grade farewell with a smile. Now it's our turn, only to find that the hearts of the seniors and senior sisters were not happy, not relaxed, but left with reluctance and sadness. However, I hope everyone can think positively in the past, leaving this school means that they are already a big brother and big sister in the first grade of middle school! Goodbye to school, goodbye to teachers, goodbye to my dear classmates! I hope we can meet again!译文毕业了，又成熟了一点，又长大了一点，解脱了常日作业的压力，可是，离开了平时玩的最好的朋友，离开了藏在心底的人骊歌回响在我们的耳中，毕业后，我们即将各奔东西，即将走向自己的未来。回想起去年，自己笑着帮六年级欢送，现在轮到我们了，才发现，原来学长、学姐们的心，并不是愉快的，并不是轻松的，而是带着不舍以及难过离开。不过，我希望大家都可以往好处想，离开这个学校，就代表自己已经是个中学一年级的大哥、大姐了！再见了学校，再见了老师，再见了我亲爱的同学！希望我们能够再见面！
I'll graduate from this ***.It's four years since I go here,I have gotten a have many friends and I get along well with them,we share our happiness and ***.My teachers helped me a lot,they told me nothing is impossible if you put your heart into remembered being encouraged by them,from them,I know a want to say thank you from my heat,I will study harder and make contributions to our a word,It's very nice meeting you all here.我将要从这所学校毕业，自从我来到这个学校已经四年了，我得到了很多，我有许多好朋友，我们相处的很融洽，我们同甘共苦。我的老师帮助我很多，他们告诉我，世上无难事，只怕有心人。我记得我被他们鼓励过。通过他们，我学到了很多，我想从我心底说一声谢谢，我会学的更加努力来为国家做贡献。总而言之，在这认识你们很高兴。
毕业了总是会有很多的'感想，以下是YJBYS我为大家整理的5篇毕业感想英语作文，欢迎大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
毕业感想英语作文一：The feelings about graduation
The farewell day would the least expected day in my life, but it has come eventually. At this momnet, I have to say that it is such a priviliage and honor to have worked with you guys shoulder on shouldr over the last four years. We went through a lot and achieved a lot. When I look back and think about the past, I feel so pround and accomplished not only because of the knowledge I have learnt and the progress I have made in my study, but also because the geniue friendship I have obtained with you guys.
毕业感想英语作文二：The feelings about graduation
Dear teacher,
You told me, "no pain, no gain." thanks a lot. I think it's hard to say good bye because it's kind of you for me. You taught me so much things which is helpful. Just like how to be a kind person and how to communicat with others. I only want to say how much i need you, i will never forget you.
Yours, student
毕业感想英语作文三：The feelings about graduation
At graduation, I want to say to the classmates: thank you for me, and the other teachers, to the entire school things support!!!!! Are you the teacher of the sky, fly a pair of wings, the growth of happiness!
Time passed quickly, you by, unconsciously, you through the junior middle school three year study life. In three years, you leave footprints in the campus, and released, scattering the ideal sweat, harvest I wish, to take away the maturity, and left behind the memories. A few days to come, in my mind, often will save you present at his desk the homework situations; Crazy dozen laughter, Let the teacher force to eat breakfast things like; Creating art festival in song; On the sports ground endeavoring figure; More specific classmates stealing copy homework awkwardness; Climbing over the fence risk; Have help each other love; More in order to hit a small thing of reckless...... . I think this is your life, is also growing occasionally I will.
Graduate, the separation, leaving gratitude, take it hope.
毕业感想英语作文四：The feelings about graduation
Hello, everyone.
I don't know how to express my feeling now. I don't know whether I'm happy or sad. Today we'll be apart. From now on we'll never study together, never laugh together.
I've been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. I've learned a lot here. I got to know what's english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didn't listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldn't do anything else but shout Attention!
Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. It's really admirable. I love Teacher's reading, nice although not better than .
How time flys. I'm going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.
Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!
Thank you! That's all.
毕业感想英语作文五：The feelings about graduation
I would like to thank you for all the help you gave me during this past semester. You were alway so patient when I asked you questions. You listened to them carefully and explained everything so thoroughly. You showed me different ways to practice and remember new words and usage. I felt so encouraged and became more comfortable in speaking English. You made the excercise so interesting that I was always very eager to participate and practice. My English has improved so much. How could I thank you enough?! I cannot wait to take your class next semester and keep working on my English.
英文毕业论文致谢信范文(五篇)
【第1篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）
First of all, I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms**, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of this thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
Second, I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.
Last, I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
【第2篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）
I would like to exPss my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the Pparation of the thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.
I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically Ppared for the thesis.
I should finally like to exPss my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.
【第3篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）
My study at the College of International Studies will soon come to an end and, at the completion of my graduation thesis; I wish to exPss my sincere apPciation to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the four years of my undergraduate study here atTai Zhou Institute of Nanjing university of Science and Technology.
Firstly, I would like to exPss my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Xu Guixiang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its Psent form.
Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to all the other faculty members of the Department of English for their patient instructions in various courses and their Pcious suggestions for my study here.
Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
【第4篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）
First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for her instructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the completion of this thesis.
High tribute shall be paid to Ms. Geng Li, whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English.
I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct and indirect help to me.
Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their comments on the draft.
Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.
【第5篇】论文致谢词范文（英文版）
At the very first, I am honored to exPss my deepest gratitude to my dedicated supervisor, Miss Wang Chao, with whose able guidance I could have worked out this thesis. She has offered me valuable ideas, suggestions and criticisms with her profound knowledge and rich research experience. Her patience and kindness are greatly apPciated. Besides, she always puts high priority on our dissertation writing and is willing to discuss with me anytime available. I have learnt from her a lot not only about dissertation writing, but also the professional ethics. I am very much obliged to her efforts of helping me complete the dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to Prof. Wei Xiaohong whose patient and meticulous guidance and invaluable suggestions are indispensable to the completion of this thesis.
Thanks are also due to my roommates, who never failed to give me great encouragement and suggestions. Special thanks should go to Miss Dong, Miss Ma, and Miss Wei for their brainstorming with me when I failed in coming up with ideas.
At last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their support all the way from the very beginning of my study. I am thankful to all my family members for their thoughtfulness and encouragement.
毕业感想英语作文一：The feelings about graduation I would like to thank you for all the help you gave me during this past semester. You were alway so patient when I asked you questions. You listened to them carefully and explained everything so thoroughly. You showed me different ways to practice and remember new words and usage. I felt so encouraged and became more comfortable in speaking English. You made the excercise so interesting that I was always very eager to participate and practice. My English has improved so much. How could I thank you enough?! I cannot wait to take your class next semester and keep working on my English. 【参考译文】 毕业感想 我要感谢你在过去的学期里给我的所有帮助。当我问你问题时，你总是那么有耐心。你仔细听他们解释了一切。你给了我不同的练习和记忆新单词和用法的方法。我感到如此鼓舞，在讲英语时变得更自在。你锻炼那么有趣，我总是非常渴望参与和实践。我的英语进步很大。我该怎么感谢你呢?我等不及要上你们的课了，继续学英语吧。 毕业感想英语作文二：The feelings about graduation How time fies! My school life is over. Here're what I want to say to classmates, love my teachers so much,beacause they teach me a lot . When I was in trouble ,they gave me a hand . When I failed the exam,they gave me a they tell me not to give up. In a word,thank them so much at the bottle of my heart. I will miss them though I am not their student any longer. I enjoy myself with my classmates .I got on well with them. And I never forget them because they are very good. Most importantly,many happy moments about us are kept in my memory. I'll try my best to suady that I can Return my school. I had a good time in school and I learn a lot of Knowlegle from my beautiful school 【参考译文】 毕业感想 时间过的真快啊! 我的学校生活结束了。这是我想说的同学，老师，我很爱我的老师，因为他们教我很多东西。 当我遇到麻烦时，他们给了我一只手。当我考试不及格的时候，他们给了我一个微笑，他们告诉我不要放弃。 总之，非常感谢他们在我心中的瓶子。虽然我不再是他们的学生，我会想念他们的。 我和同学们玩得很开心，我和他们相处得很好。我永远不会忘记他们，因为他们很好。 最重要的是，很多关于我们的快乐时刻都在我的记忆里。我会尽我的努力，我可以回到我的学校suady。 我在学校的一个很好的时间，我从学校学到很多知识
关于毕业感想英文作文After graduation, I matured a little, grew up a little, and got rid of the pressure of daily homework. However, after leaving my best friend who usually plays, leaving the people who hide in my heart, the eulogy resounds in our ears. After graduation, we are about to go our separate ways and move towards our own future. Looking back on last year, I helped the sixth grade farewell with a smile. Now it's our turn, only to find that the hearts of the seniors and senior sisters were not happy, not relaxed, but left with reluctance and sadness. However, I hope everyone can think positively in the past, leaving this school means that they are already a big brother and big sister in the first grade of middle school! Goodbye to school, goodbye to teachers, goodbye to my dear classmates! I hope we can meet again!译文毕业了，又成熟了一点，又长大了一点，解脱了常日作业的压力，可是，离开了平时玩的最好的朋友，离开了藏在心底的人骊歌回响在我们的耳中，毕业后，我们即将各奔东西，即将走向自己的未来。回想起去年，自己笑着帮六年级欢送，现在轮到我们了，才发现，原来学长、学姐们的心，并不是愉快的，并不是轻松的，而是带着不舍以及难过离开。不过，我希望大家都可以往好处想，离开这个学校，就代表自己已经是个中学一年级的大哥、大姐了！再见了学校，再见了老师，再见了我亲爱的同学！希望我们能够再见面！
I'll graduate from this ***.It's four years since I go here,I have gotten a have many friends and I get along well with them,we share our happiness and ***.My teachers helped me a lot,they told me nothing is impossible if you put your heart into remembered being encouraged by them,from them,I know a want to say thank you from my heat,I will study harder and make contributions to our a word,It's very nice meeting you all here.我将要从这所学校毕业，自从我来到这个学校已经四年了，我得到了很多，我有许多好朋友，我们相处的很融洽，我们同甘共苦。我的老师帮助我很多，他们告诉我，世上无难事，只怕有心人。我记得我被他们鼓励过。通过他们，我学到了很多，我想从我心底说一声谢谢，我会学的更加努力来为国家做贡献。总而言之，在这认识你们很高兴。
英语毕业论文写作感想
研究层面
第一，选题不当
写好英文论文要把握两个「R」：relevance(相关性)和rigorousness(科学严谨性)。选题不当属于相关性把握得不好。很多学生论文的选题缺乏创新性，最具代表性的是跟风写作。什么课题是热点，就追做什么课题，而不是知己知彼，科学选题。跟风选题的弊端很多：首先，容易和“牛人”做的课题重叠，这叫市场定位不清。如果把文章看作是公司的一个产品，那么牛人的课题组就是大公司，团队实力强，起点高，市场营销能力也强。换句话说，就算你写出了与牛人同等质量的好文章，和牛人的组比起来论文发表也是问题。其次，缺乏科学严谨性，很多学生选题不考虑问题的可验证性，想的更多是有没有创新性。例如，一个科研小组根本不可能拿到金融高频交易数据，却想做基于高频数据的金融挖掘课题，最终只能无疾而终。最后，绝大多数科研是需要产出的，因而必须考虑研究的应用价值在何处。学生经常遇到的情况是，文章写完了，甚至发表了，却很快被尘封了，因为文章选题不具有应用价值。
那么，应该如何选题?在我看来，选题就像是公司创业选择方向，要练好眼力、定力和产生市场壁垒的能力。练眼力，既要培养广度，也要培养深度。首先要学会泛读相关领域的文章，能触类旁通。找到研究空白后，要能精读与研究缺口相关的文章，做到如数家珍。无论泛读还是精读，都需要有好的定力，这恰恰是很多学生所缺乏的。大多数学生喜欢急于求成。其次，选了一个好的题目，具备了先发优势，还要考虑可能面临的竞争。在竞争面前，提炼市场壁垒能力。
第二，对相关问题的研究现状缺乏了解
写文章首先要对问题的研究现状有基本的了解，前面说的泛读就可以帮助我们了解研究现状。从事科研工作的人员越来越多，可发表论文的会议和期刊杂志也越来越多，这就容易导致我们会漏读一些相关的文章。找相关性文章的原则是：首先，要搞清楚所在行业的顶级、次级的会议和期刊。研究问题的现状一定不能遗漏这些会议和期刊上的相关文章，这些文章的作者可能就是你要发表的文章的审稿人。我们发表文章的时候也应该发表在好的会议和期刊上，这样文章受关注的程度也高。其次，要了解世界各地在该研究问题上比较有影响力的研究小组。要经常浏览他们的网站，实时追踪他们的研究动态，做到知己知彼。他们同样也是潜在的审稿人。
当了解相关的参考文献后，文章引用要注意几个问题：第一，有限度地自引用;第二，引用其他研究组的相关文章要做到尽可能平衡;第三，引用其他文章时，首先要肯定这些文章的闪光点，其次指出和自己所做工作的不同，尽可能不过于负面批评他人的文章。因为我们写文章的目的是让人欣赏我们的工作，所以指出不同就足够了。
第三， 没有贡献或者贡献不明确
通常文章被拒的主要原因是没有贡献、贡献太小或者贡献不明确。造成这个结果有两种可能。第一种是文章确实没有大贡献。许多文章的贡献只是现有技术的组合，或者对现有方法的微小改进。在这种情况下，学生往往还喜欢过度夸大文章的贡献，结果适得其反。第二种是文章其实有很好的贡献，但是作者没能展示出来。在科研竞争日益激烈的环境下，我们要站在审稿人的角度去思考问题，审稿人通常每年面对非常巨大的审稿任务，很多情况下是审稿人的学生完成具体的审稿工作。这就意味着，如果作者没有清晰地展示自己的技术和方法的独特性，没有提供充分、科学的验证结果，那么审稿人很难发现文章的贡献，最终导致文章被否定。其实写论文要求我们要讲好一个故事，这个故事要生动，同时要逻辑清晰、背景清楚、细节明了，还要经得起推敲。
另外，在学术界有滥用数学公式的现象。有些作者在明知自己的文章没有什么贡献的情况下，有目的地加入许多不必要的数学公式。目的是「如果我不能说服他们，那只能迷惑他们(If I cannot convince people, just confuse them)」。虽然有很多文章最终靠滥用数学公式被录用，但这样的文章是不具有生命力的。
第四， 问题的挑战性没有充分展示
写研究论文的一个关键点是要在文章中不停地强调问题的挑战性，在摘要、介绍、方法、实验和结论中都要展示。很多学生写的文章只是简单地描述问题、方法和实验结论，没有强调问题的挑战性。整篇文章就像白开水，很难给读者留下深刻的印象。通常描述问题的复杂性的最好方式是通过图示或者举例说明，比如通过一个例子介绍算法的工作，或者运用图示显示整个算法的流程。因为只有作者最了解问题的挑战性，所以作者应该动脑筋以最简单、最直接的方式把问题的挑战性展示出来，并且在全文中不断地用不同方式进行强调。
第五，研究方法缺乏验证或验证不足
科研文章离不开科学的验证。总结起来，有4种验证模式：第一种，最严格的验证就是理论证明，比如严格的计算复杂度推导，或者上界/下界的理论确定。但是在很多情况下，特别是在计算机科学领域，有些研究方法没办法用纯粹的理论证明，于是可以采用第二种混合办法―有一些步骤可以被理论验证，不能被理论验证的部分可以用实验验证，比如数据包在网络节点间的往返时间。在部分研究方法也无法用理论验证的情况下，可以用第三种纯粹实验的办法。该方法的严格程度不如前两种，但至少可以证明问题的解决办法在某些情况下的可行性。对于很多应用型计算机问题，纯粹实验验证方法被广泛使用，但也有其局限性。科学严谨度最低的是第四种验证方式――案例验证。在某些情况下，大规模的实验难以进行，只好提供几个成功的案例。文章中提到的研究方法在提供的案例中是适用的，但结果不一定具有普适性。这四种验证方式的严谨性逐步降低。在做计算机科研的时候，有时候不得不在科学严谨性和可行性之间取得平衡。
对上述验证方式的选取一般奉行两条原则。第一，无论如何都要验证文章中的研究方法，要与现有方法进行比较。如果问题是全新的，现有方法中没有合适的比较对象，就要学会左右手互搏，设计多种验证方式，实现自我比较，选出最优方法。第二，尽可能选取科学严谨性高的验证方式。
写作层面
第六，组织混乱，缺乏逻辑性
一篇好文章通常可以让大同行读懂文章在研究什么问题以及为什么要进行研究。其实，好文章通常只描述一个故事(一个具有挑战性的问题)，问题的引出、挑战描述、解决方法、验证方法和结论都是一气呵成。逻辑性最难把握的是摘要和介绍。文章给人的第一印象最重要，而第一印象来自摘要，一个好的摘要通常写得引入入胜、紧凑、逻辑性强。摘要的最高境界是无法改动一字。有了好的摘要，还需要在介绍中讲出一个好故事，包括问题的背景、研究动机、具体问题、挑战性、解决方案、验证情况和最终结论。所以，能把文章写得深入浅出并且引人入胜的人，一定可以成为逻辑性很强的市场营销高手。
第七， 有无知的表现
有的学生写的文章经常犯些低级错误。顶级会议或期刊是不可能容忍低级错误出现的。一篇有新意的文章在时间上也是等不起的，所以要避免低级错误出现。哪些是容易犯的'低级错误呢?(1) 以非常严格的方式定义一个小同行都知道的概念;(2) 对相关问题的研究现状的了解有重大不足或错误，甚至故意忽视相关参考文献;(3) 文章引用错误或者不恰当;(4)应用不正确或者过时的验证法或验证工具;(5) 使用错误的实验数据;(6) 把常识当作新发现;(7) 文章写得不规范，或者不符合投稿要求;(8) 从数学教科书中大量拷贝所谓的严格的数学证明;(9) 过度夸大文章的贡献;(10) 试图隐藏文章中研究方法的缺陷与不足;(11) 虚报实验结果;(12) 在文章中对同一个实验进行重复性地不同展示。
第八，英文写作基础差
中国学生写英文文章共通的问题是英文写作的基础较差，其非常重要的一个原因是缺乏正规化的训练。科研文章的美感在于简洁、清晰、逻辑化。因为文章的目的是尽可能让更多人在短时间内看懂，而不是炫耀华丽的辞藻，所以英文写作要注意以下几个原则：(1)尽可能用短句，避免使用复杂句;(2)当介绍方法、算法的时候，一定要用例子、图例说明;(3)文章表达要生动，对图、表、例子、数学证明的使用也要平衡;(4)文章的排版要有美感，不要把所有的文字，或者所有的图、表堆积在一起，要均衡搭配。图、表、例子要尽可能靠近描述它们的文字;(5)一定不要有错别字和语法错误，如果不清楚就上网查询;(6)要学会正确地使用缩写单词，在文章中第一次使用时一定要定义，而且在文章中的使用要一致，尽可能使用大家都约定俗成的缩写，不要随意发明创造;(7)要培养鉴赏美学的能力，首先要会欣赏美的文章，其次才谈得上创造美的文章。
第九， 写作不够专业化
好的文章一定要展示作者的专业化。一篇专业文章的选题，首先要让人耳目一新，至少给人的第一印象要好。其次要能清晰准确地指出文章的问题和方法的独特性，并让人了解问题和方法的难点、挑战性在何处。第三，一篇好文章就像一个活生生的人，要有血有肉，各种该有的元素都要具备。第四，文章格式要专业化，要用最高的职业标准要求自己，比如一定用LaTeX写文章，画图也一定用最专业化的画图软件，要多看打印机打印出来的效果，注意细微之处。只有这样，文章才能达到至少看上去很美。第五，平时多留意、多收集真的很美的文章，甚至可以不是自己研究方向的文章，把这些文章装订成册，经常看，才能培养出对美的文章的感觉，才能学会欣赏。只有这样，才真正有机会写出很美的科研论文。
又到艳阳高照的六月，高考结束的学生们向天空抛起书包，带着笑和高中生活说再见。即将各奔前程的'大四学生戴上了学士帽，含着眼泪和大学校园说再见。笑中有泪的离别，我们在歌声中回味那段“青葱”岁月。下面我们用英语来聊一下我们的毕业感想吧。
毕业感想英文作文范文一：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month.
I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.
I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
毕业感想英文作文范文二：
Every studentis excited about the freshmen year, they are looking forward to seeing theirclassmates and will open the new chapter of their lives. While when the senioryear comes, it means saying goodbye to their classmates and is it time to leaveschool. Freshmen year brings happiness and senior year brings sorrow, students don’twant to say goodbye to their classmates, after the long time’s acquaintance,classmates have built strong friendship, it is hard to say goodbye. In China,there is an old saying that all good things must come to an end, for everystudent, they will leave school and fight for each other’s future. Thoughsenior year is a little sad, it is another turning point for the students, theysome will find a job, some will study abroad, all of them are fighting for theirfuture. Senior year in not the end, it is the beginning.
每个学生都会对入学季感到兴奋，他们期待看到新同学，即将展开新的生活篇章。然而当毕业季到来的时候，这意味着和同学说再见，是时候离开学校了。入学季带来了快乐，而毕业季带来了悲伤。学生不想要和同学说再见，经过长时间的认识，学生间已经建立了深厚的友谊，很难说再见。在中国，有一句方言“天下无不散之筵席”，对于每个学生来说，他们将要离开学校，为彼此的未来奋斗。虽然毕业季有点悲伤，但是确实另一个转折点，有些同学找工作，有些同学出国深造，他们都要为将来奋斗。毕业季不是终点，而是开始。
毕业感想英文作文范文三：
Hello, everyone.
I don't know how to express my feeling now. I don't know whether I'm happy or sad. Today we'll be apart. From now on we'll never study together, never laugh together.
I've been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. I've learned a lot here. I got to know what's English and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didn't listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldn't do anything else but shout Attention!
Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instead Te Li could spell it. It's really admirable. I love Teacher's reading, nice although not better than .
How time flys. I'm going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.
Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!
Thank you! That's all.
毕业感想英文作文范文四：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.
I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me.
Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others。
在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]：《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题，诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来，宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微，水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情，最后水手内心发生转变，以新的态度对待自然，为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]：老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父，被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学，熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学，与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区，致力于写诗，并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，于是远离城市，隐居于昆布兰湖区，寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇，以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年，两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ，被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区，与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾，故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加，1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物，令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真，并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设，不仅影响过他的同时代人，也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而且，对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者，仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位，是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开，赶快去赴宴，却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风，暴风过后，这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此，厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中，那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动，老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去，仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船，水手们一个个都死在甲板上，每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他没有死。后来，他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦，使死尸们站了起来，仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风，船却渐渐地移动。于是，这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸，出来迎接。但在他到这船之前，它却突然地沉下了，留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来，他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着，一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来，方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张，又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用，而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步，因为它否定了人身依附关系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话，肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以，它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展，对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在，万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为：上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下，作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意，违反自然规律，射死了无辜的信天翁，必然要受到惩罚。于是，灾难来了：风停了，船无法前进，阳光酷热，水手们口干舌燥。这时候，有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆，将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时，老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是，他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为，在道德情感系统中，羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后，就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为，道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说：“凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，并且情感的内容有益于社会，而且还是以有益于社会方式施行，或有所感动，这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现，表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制，常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中，痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的，是低级形式的羞耻感，可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么，羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚，只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物，它激活潜在的思维和力量，专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为，促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏，那他将对道德不屑一顾，达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时，羞耻感要以自尊为前提，一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的，更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近，没有自尊的防卫，就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻，惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误，于是惶惶终日，不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展，在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了，但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去，只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重，导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析，是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是对需要的体验，是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素，推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素，推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后，良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为，它便于进行自我谴责，使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责，往往能形成一种力量，促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来，老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法，他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤，孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔，从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸，并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析，是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下，从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思，要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案，明白来者可追，逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中，要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思，主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后，老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕：他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人，让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众，承认自己的错误，说出自己的故事，解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔，但还是有种负罪感难以释怀，于是他渴望被人理解，宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样，当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候，不要封闭自己，找一个忠实的听众，把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之，柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称，其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶，生与死等哲学问题，宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面：时而风平浪静，沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起，一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时，柯尔律治并不熟悉大海，但他能凭借想象，使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织，把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体，充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上，长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉，炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体，而长诗的音韵与节奏之美，也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]： 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段，为适应社会生产活动的需要，在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智，19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里，它的功能是计算，秩序严谨，职司分明，是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中，它的功能是表义，许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦，1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响，数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ，但也存在着共性，有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数"，而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦，1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文， 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆，1998)，英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文，并开展过学术探 讨。如，王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页， 语文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上，英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人，尤其是中国人，自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三"，也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国，人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字， 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning)，在我国可 以说历时最久，涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字，在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字，它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字，继而演化出"神 圣" 之意，于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋，便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层，极言其高，天证/诞日为正月初 九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如，北京 城有九门，天安门城楼面阔九问，门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系，万物之根均为数，宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10，五行也是数，按传统的五行 理论来划分，则1、2为木：1为阳木，2为阴 木。以3、4为火：3为阳火，4为阴火。以5、6为土：5为阳土，6为 阴土。 以7、8为金：7为阳金，8为阴金。以9、10为水：9 为阳水，10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化，用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来，"九"是最大的阳数，象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层，九层天是天的最高处，汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空， "九霄云外" ，"九天揽月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天坛，这个明清两代 祭天的场所，其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数，刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道："凡数 指其极者，皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说："天地之数，始于一，终于 九。"因此，汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎"，避讳有“九”之 岁。例如：“ 老太太因明年八十一岁，是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征，因 为"九"与"苦"同音，因此忌讳 "九"。然而，《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ，采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计，结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占)，而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来，日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外，《词源》中说："九：虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时，是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中，"九"的意思有三个：(1)数目，八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九"，从一"九" 数起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九，夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次： 九泉，三 弯九转等。因此， 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如："九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国，数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如，"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划，后用作"中国"的代 称。因此，有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子，各有所好"。因此，《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种，种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多，龙蛇混杂，好坏不一，各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外，在文娱、体育等词汇中，数字"九"也比比皆是。如， 许多歌名都以"九"开头："九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中，"九柱戏"(nine pins)，兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的，如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外，中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时，人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如，湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方，数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说， "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多，分别有： 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有： a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律：数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如， 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞：跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来，数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之，在东西方文化中，数字"九"含有以下主要共性： 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字， 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中，数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于：对中国人来说，其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过："翻译不是字当句对，而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数"，"实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论，结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性，可采用如下的翻译方法，并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有： (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了，它并没死，只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来，人们很容易接受，因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语， 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现"， 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如，"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ，"九九归一，还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字，转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有： (一)民族性原则 比如，汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力"，《汉英词典》(外研社，1996)的译 文有三个："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”，成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如："匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》)， 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则"， 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时，一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时， 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如："飞流直下三千尽，疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 "，因此，可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢： 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文
有时候，当自己也沉淀下来，窥探自己的内心，写下自己的 自我评价 ，这样才可以不断进步。但是自我评价要怎么写呢?下面是我为大家带来 毕业 论文质量的 英文自我评价 ，相信对你会有帮助的。
1. Evaluation of the quality of the paper, in the discipline or national economic construction on the value or theoretical significance
In recent years, the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, the total output value of animal husbandry has reached 35% of total agricultural output value, animal husbandry in China's agricultural production structure, the proportion is growing. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for livestock and poultry, and plays an important role in promoting animal calcium, phosphorus absorption, egg shell formation and bone development. At present for the aquaculture industry, livestock and poultry vitamin D supplementation, mainly through the dietary or drinking water to add micron-grade vitamin D3, vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamins, direct absorption absorption rate is relatively low, biology Titer is not high, with the development of nanotechnology in recent years, nanomaterials gradually being recognized and accepted. Some studies have shown that the use of nanotechnology can change the water-soluble vitamin-soluble vitamins, improve the bioavailability of vitamins. At the same time, through the fat-soluble vitamin D3 nano-can also improve the compatibility between the vitamin and feed processing. So far, the study of vitamin nano-focus mainly in the compound nano-vitamins, complex nano-vitamins as a complex, additive effect is difficult to explain clearly. To date, no studies have been conducted on the production of single fat-soluble vitamins in poultry production. This experiment was designed for the above reasons. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological potency of nanovitamin D3 with the reference of ordinary vitamin D3, and to provide theoretical basis for its industrial production and practical application of animal husbandry.
2. Point out the innovation of the paper or innovation
(1) The application of solid nano-VD3 in laying hens was studied for the first time.
(2) In this study, based on the study of the effects of laying hens on performance, egg quality and tibia development, the dietary supplementation of nano-VD3 was determined to further optimize the calcium and phosphorus metabolism, to obtain the best health level and maximum potential performance. , The expected results for the scientific feeding layer, effectively guarantee the healthy growth of laying hens provides a new idea, with high application value.
(3) By comparing the advantages of nano-VD3 compared with conventional vitamin VD3 in breeding.
(4) the preparation of vitamin nanoparticles for the use of laying hens to study whether to improve the utilization of VD3
3. My research ability
During the graduate, actively participate in academic exchange activities, strictly follow the scientific rigorous study and research attitude, seek truth from facts, earnestly study, and continuously improve the scientific research ability. According to the guidance of instructors, read a lot of literature, and gradually clear the research direction, to determine their own research topics. In the experimental research stage, in strict accordance with the experimental program for research, can be used flexibly to solve the problems encountered in the trial, and constantly improve their ability to solve problems. Through their own continuous efforts, as well as with teachers and students to explore the exchange, so that their access to literature, comprehensive analysis of the basic quality of continuous improvement, the ability to express written temper has also been temper, especially independent thinking and research ability, Great progress, published during the student-related academic papers and independent completion of the thesis.
4. The main shortcomings of the paper
(1) In this study, the effect of adding vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 on the related indexes of laying hens was studied. It is necessary to further study whether the test animals have the same additive effect on other animals.
(2) The levels of vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 were 100 IU / kg, respectively. The proportion of vitamin D3 in the layers was 900-2700 IU / kg according to the method of equal ratio. In the actual production, The level of some large, should be further designed gradient test of different concentrations to explore the vitamin D3 in the diet the most appropriate level of added.
A good paper is not written out, but modified out, which requires patience, but also hard. In the process of writing the paper, I encountered many problems, some of which are beyond the scope of their ability, whenever they can not write their own ideas or thoughts do not go, I will appear impetuous mood, but I Did not give up, but in a timely manner to adjust their mentality, with the help of students in the teacher, completed the first paper writing. The more you do not understand the things you want to learn, in the learning process you will gain a lot, one point is to learn from each other is the best way to learn, after learning you will feel a sense of accomplishment, which I completed After the production site to experience.
Throughout the graduation thesis design process, I learned to do anything to have attitude and attitude, first of all I understand that to be meticulous in learning, for any problems and deviations do not despise, through the correct path to solve, in the Do things in the process to have patience and perseverance, not a difficult encounter back down, as long as you stick to it can find ideas to solve the problem. In the work to learn to cooperate with the attitude, listen carefully to the views of others, so start things can be less effective.
The successful completion of the paper, first of all I would like to thank my teacher and teacher Tang Jianhua around the help of friends, thank them for their valuable comments and suggestions. In addition, I would like to thank all the teachers in the university to teach my knowledge is your careful teaching so that I have a good knowledge of professional courses, which is the basis for the paper to be completed.
Through four years of the door to survive, I grew a lot. At the time of my graduation, I made a summary of my four years of experience and feelings, and as a guide to my future initiatives. Mind, I seek to move forward, the mind has made great progress in consciousness. I love the country, love the people, decisively attached to the leadership of the Communist Party and the socialist system. I think the price of a person by his society for others to do the honor to measure, I participate in the cause of the Chinese Communist Party is to actively achieve their own costs. I earnestly studied all kinds of theories of the Party and actively paid them to practice to have a clearer understanding of the Party.
Learning, I think the door to the important task of students or learn cultural knowledge, so I learn in the sense, not to relax. I think that a good learning method to learn very good knowledge, so in each test, I sum up a city learning experience. But to deal with our computer-related professional disciples, the optical optical good books on the knowledge is far from enough. I often use the spare time to read the computer class books, and participated in a number of computer degree of qualification tests, successfully obtained __x certificate, __x certificate, __x certificate. I kept looking for the sublimation of character, pay attention to their own conduct, to independent thinking as their motto, when not forgetting. With the progress of learning, I not only learned the mass foundation of knowledge and a lot of professional knowledge, my mind has a qualitative Pentium, a faster grasp of a new skill knowledge, I think this is very tense for the as the Department of Health students will campaign, the yard structure of the speech contest, arts and cultural festival of the arts show, English speech contest. In the process of participating in these activities, I make friends with some good friends, learned the manners of doing things, to cultivate their own skills.
Social practice has made great progress. Four years in college, I participated in a lot of school activities and did some social tutors, volunteers, dumping and planners, and occasionally feel tired, but increased with other students to exchange and to learn from their opportunities, to develop their own communication skills, learn the strengths of others, Clear the drawbacks of their own, let the door to survive more colorful.
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★ 毕业论文学生自我评价范文
★ 对毕业设计论文工作的自我评价
又到毕业季了，大家的论文准备的怎么样了，毕业论文的致谢词准备好了吗?下面是我带来的关于的内容，欢迎阅读参考! 一 my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to professor , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude toprofessor , who led me into the world of translation. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the department of english: professor dddd, professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow clas *** ates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis 。 二 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to extend my sinceregratitude to my supervisor, Zhang Hong, for herinstructive advice and useful suggestions on my thesis. I am deeply grateful of her help in the pletion of this thesis. High tribute shall be paid to Ms. Geng Li, whose profound knowledge of English triggers my love for this beautiful language and whose earnest attitude tells me how to learn English. I am also deeply indebted to all the other tutors and teachers in Translation Studies for their direct andindirect help to me. Special thanks should go to my friends who have put considerable time and effort into their ments on the draft. Finally, I am indebted to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement. 三 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefullyacknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms. Sun Yanlan, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis， she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful critici *** and expert guidance, the pletion of this thesis would not have been possible. I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis. I should finally like to express my gratitude to mybeloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of plaint. 四 I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Zhou Yanxia, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Wang Jinsheng, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Ms. Wu Qing, Feng Shaozhong and Han Xiaoya, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow clas *** ates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.
又到艳阳高照的六月，高考结束的学生们向天空抛起书包，带着笑和高中生活说再见。即将各奔前程的'大四学生戴上了学士帽，含着眼泪和大学校园说再见。笑中有泪的离别，我们在歌声中回味那段“青葱”岁月。下面我们用英语来聊一下我们的毕业感想吧。
毕业感想英文作文范文一：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month.
I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students.
I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
毕业感想英文作文范文二：
Every studentis excited about the freshmen year, they are looking forward to seeing theirclassmates and will open the new chapter of their lives. While when the senioryear comes, it means saying goodbye to their classmates and is it time to leaveschool. Freshmen year brings happiness and senior year brings sorrow, students don’twant to say goodbye to their classmates, after the long time’s acquaintance,classmates have built strong friendship, it is hard to say goodbye. In China,there is an old saying that all good things must come to an end, for everystudent, they will leave school and fight for each other’s future. Thoughsenior year is a little sad, it is another turning point for the students, theysome will find a job, some will study abroad, all of them are fighting for theirfuture. Senior year in not the end, it is the beginning.
每个学生都会对入学季感到兴奋，他们期待看到新同学，即将展开新的生活篇章。然而当毕业季到来的时候，这意味着和同学说再见，是时候离开学校了。入学季带来了快乐，而毕业季带来了悲伤。学生不想要和同学说再见，经过长时间的认识，学生间已经建立了深厚的友谊，很难说再见。在中国，有一句方言“天下无不散之筵席”，对于每个学生来说，他们将要离开学校，为彼此的未来奋斗。虽然毕业季有点悲伤，但是确实另一个转折点，有些同学找工作，有些同学出国深造，他们都要为将来奋斗。毕业季不是终点，而是开始。
毕业感想英文作文范文三：
Hello, everyone.
I don't know how to express my feeling now. I don't know whether I'm happy or sad. Today we'll be apart. From now on we'll never study together, never laugh together.
I've been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. I've learned a lot here. I got to know what's English and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didn't listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldn't do anything else but shout Attention!
Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instead Te Li could spell it. It's really admirable. I love Teacher's reading, nice although not better than .
How time flys. I'm going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.
Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!
Thank you! That's all.
毕业感想英文作文范文四：
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.
I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me.
Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others。
英语毕业论文写作感想
研究层面
第一，选题不当
写好英文论文要把握两个「R」：relevance(相关性)和rigorousness(科学严谨性)。选题不当属于相关性把握得不好。很多学生论文的选题缺乏创新性，最具代表性的是跟风写作。什么课题是热点，就追做什么课题，而不是知己知彼，科学选题。跟风选题的弊端很多：首先，容易和“牛人”做的课题重叠，这叫市场定位不清。如果把文章看作是公司的一个产品，那么牛人的课题组就是大公司，团队实力强，起点高，市场营销能力也强。换句话说，就算你写出了与牛人同等质量的好文章，和牛人的组比起来论文发表也是问题。其次，缺乏科学严谨性，很多学生选题不考虑问题的可验证性，想的更多是有没有创新性。例如，一个科研小组根本不可能拿到金融高频交易数据，却想做基于高频数据的金融挖掘课题，最终只能无疾而终。最后，绝大多数科研是需要产出的，因而必须考虑研究的应用价值在何处。学生经常遇到的情况是，文章写完了，甚至发表了，却很快被尘封了，因为文章选题不具有应用价值。
那么，应该如何选题?在我看来，选题就像是公司创业选择方向，要练好眼力、定力和产生市场壁垒的能力。练眼力，既要培养广度，也要培养深度。首先要学会泛读相关领域的文章，能触类旁通。找到研究空白后，要能精读与研究缺口相关的文章，做到如数家珍。无论泛读还是精读，都需要有好的定力，这恰恰是很多学生所缺乏的。大多数学生喜欢急于求成。其次，选了一个好的题目，具备了先发优势，还要考虑可能面临的竞争。在竞争面前，提炼市场壁垒能力。
第二，对相关问题的研究现状缺乏了解
写文章首先要对问题的研究现状有基本的了解，前面说的泛读就可以帮助我们了解研究现状。从事科研工作的人员越来越多，可发表论文的会议和期刊杂志也越来越多，这就容易导致我们会漏读一些相关的文章。找相关性文章的原则是：首先，要搞清楚所在行业的顶级、次级的会议和期刊。研究问题的现状一定不能遗漏这些会议和期刊上的相关文章，这些文章的作者可能就是你要发表的文章的审稿人。我们发表文章的时候也应该发表在好的会议和期刊上，这样文章受关注的程度也高。其次，要了解世界各地在该研究问题上比较有影响力的研究小组。要经常浏览他们的网站，实时追踪他们的研究动态，做到知己知彼。他们同样也是潜在的审稿人。
当了解相关的参考文献后，文章引用要注意几个问题：第一，有限度地自引用;第二，引用其他研究组的相关文章要做到尽可能平衡;第三，引用其他文章时，首先要肯定这些文章的闪光点，其次指出和自己所做工作的不同，尽可能不过于负面批评他人的文章。因为我们写文章的目的是让人欣赏我们的工作，所以指出不同就足够了。
第三， 没有贡献或者贡献不明确
通常文章被拒的主要原因是没有贡献、贡献太小或者贡献不明确。造成这个结果有两种可能。第一种是文章确实没有大贡献。许多文章的贡献只是现有技术的组合，或者对现有方法的微小改进。在这种情况下，学生往往还喜欢过度夸大文章的贡献，结果适得其反。第二种是文章其实有很好的贡献，但是作者没能展示出来。在科研竞争日益激烈的环境下，我们要站在审稿人的角度去思考问题，审稿人通常每年面对非常巨大的审稿任务，很多情况下是审稿人的学生完成具体的审稿工作。这就意味着，如果作者没有清晰地展示自己的技术和方法的独特性，没有提供充分、科学的验证结果，那么审稿人很难发现文章的贡献，最终导致文章被否定。其实写论文要求我们要讲好一个故事，这个故事要生动，同时要逻辑清晰、背景清楚、细节明了，还要经得起推敲。
另外，在学术界有滥用数学公式的现象。有些作者在明知自己的文章没有什么贡献的情况下，有目的地加入许多不必要的数学公式。目的是「如果我不能说服他们，那只能迷惑他们(If I cannot convince people, just confuse them)」。虽然有很多文章最终靠滥用数学公式被录用，但这样的文章是不具有生命力的。
第四， 问题的挑战性没有充分展示
写研究论文的一个关键点是要在文章中不停地强调问题的挑战性，在摘要、介绍、方法、实验和结论中都要展示。很多学生写的文章只是简单地描述问题、方法和实验结论，没有强调问题的挑战性。整篇文章就像白开水，很难给读者留下深刻的印象。通常描述问题的复杂性的最好方式是通过图示或者举例说明，比如通过一个例子介绍算法的工作，或者运用图示显示整个算法的流程。因为只有作者最了解问题的挑战性，所以作者应该动脑筋以最简单、最直接的方式把问题的挑战性展示出来，并且在全文中不断地用不同方式进行强调。
第五，研究方法缺乏验证或验证不足
科研文章离不开科学的验证。总结起来，有4种验证模式：第一种，最严格的验证就是理论证明，比如严格的计算复杂度推导，或者上界/下界的理论确定。但是在很多情况下，特别是在计算机科学领域，有些研究方法没办法用纯粹的理论证明，于是可以采用第二种混合办法―有一些步骤可以被理论验证，不能被理论验证的部分可以用实验验证，比如数据包在网络节点间的往返时间。在部分研究方法也无法用理论验证的情况下，可以用第三种纯粹实验的办法。该方法的严格程度不如前两种，但至少可以证明问题的解决办法在某些情况下的可行性。对于很多应用型计算机问题，纯粹实验验证方法被广泛使用，但也有其局限性。科学严谨度最低的是第四种验证方式――案例验证。在某些情况下，大规模的实验难以进行，只好提供几个成功的案例。文章中提到的研究方法在提供的案例中是适用的，但结果不一定具有普适性。这四种验证方式的严谨性逐步降低。在做计算机科研的时候，有时候不得不在科学严谨性和可行性之间取得平衡。
对上述验证方式的选取一般奉行两条原则。第一，无论如何都要验证文章中的研究方法，要与现有方法进行比较。如果问题是全新的，现有方法中没有合适的比较对象，就要学会左右手互搏，设计多种验证方式，实现自我比较，选出最优方法。第二，尽可能选取科学严谨性高的验证方式。
写作层面
第六，组织混乱，缺乏逻辑性
一篇好文章通常可以让大同行读懂文章在研究什么问题以及为什么要进行研究。其实，好文章通常只描述一个故事(一个具有挑战性的问题)，问题的引出、挑战描述、解决方法、验证方法和结论都是一气呵成。逻辑性最难把握的是摘要和介绍。文章给人的第一印象最重要，而第一印象来自摘要，一个好的摘要通常写得引入入胜、紧凑、逻辑性强。摘要的最高境界是无法改动一字。有了好的摘要，还需要在介绍中讲出一个好故事，包括问题的背景、研究动机、具体问题、挑战性、解决方案、验证情况和最终结论。所以，能把文章写得深入浅出并且引人入胜的人，一定可以成为逻辑性很强的市场营销高手。
第七， 有无知的表现
有的学生写的文章经常犯些低级错误。顶级会议或期刊是不可能容忍低级错误出现的。一篇有新意的文章在时间上也是等不起的，所以要避免低级错误出现。哪些是容易犯的'低级错误呢?(1) 以非常严格的方式定义一个小同行都知道的概念;(2) 对相关问题的研究现状的了解有重大不足或错误，甚至故意忽视相关参考文献;(3) 文章引用错误或者不恰当;(4)应用不正确或者过时的验证法或验证工具;(5) 使用错误的实验数据;(6) 把常识当作新发现;(7) 文章写得不规范，或者不符合投稿要求;(8) 从数学教科书中大量拷贝所谓的严格的数学证明;(9) 过度夸大文章的贡献;(10) 试图隐藏文章中研究方法的缺陷与不足;(11) 虚报实验结果;(12) 在文章中对同一个实验进行重复性地不同展示。
第八，英文写作基础差
中国学生写英文文章共通的问题是英文写作的基础较差，其非常重要的一个原因是缺乏正规化的训练。科研文章的美感在于简洁、清晰、逻辑化。因为文章的目的是尽可能让更多人在短时间内看懂，而不是炫耀华丽的辞藻，所以英文写作要注意以下几个原则：(1)尽可能用短句，避免使用复杂句;(2)当介绍方法、算法的时候，一定要用例子、图例说明;(3)文章表达要生动，对图、表、例子、数学证明的使用也要平衡;(4)文章的排版要有美感，不要把所有的文字，或者所有的图、表堆积在一起，要均衡搭配。图、表、例子要尽可能靠近描述它们的文字;(5)一定不要有错别字和语法错误，如果不清楚就上网查询;(6)要学会正确地使用缩写单词，在文章中第一次使用时一定要定义，而且在文章中的使用要一致，尽可能使用大家都约定俗成的缩写，不要随意发明创造;(7)要培养鉴赏美学的能力，首先要会欣赏美的文章，其次才谈得上创造美的文章。
第九， 写作不够专业化
好的文章一定要展示作者的专业化。一篇专业文章的选题，首先要让人耳目一新，至少给人的第一印象要好。其次要能清晰准确地指出文章的问题和方法的独特性，并让人了解问题和方法的难点、挑战性在何处。第三，一篇好文章就像一个活生生的人，要有血有肉，各种该有的元素都要具备。第四，文章格式要专业化，要用最高的职业标准要求自己，比如一定用LaTeX写文章，画图也一定用最专业化的画图软件，要多看打印机打印出来的效果，注意细微之处。只有这样，文章才能达到至少看上去很美。第五，平时多留意、多收集真的很美的文章，甚至可以不是自己研究方向的文章，把这些文章装订成册，经常看，才能培养出对美的文章的感觉，才能学会欣赏。只有这样，才真正有机会写出很美的科研论文。
问题一：大一写论文需要注意什么？ 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证与步骤； d.结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 问题二：要写大学论文了，有经验的说下怎么写 其实主要是注重格式,每个学校论文都有相应的排版格式,还有目录,如果不熟悉word使用的话,建议去当地书城买一本word使用教程来学习一下 主要是注意生成目录,还有各个标题,子标题,写的时候要注意区分标题,这样对你以后生成目录很有帮助. 另外还有注意字体大小,行距,不然论文写得再好排版不好还是要重新再答应. 至于内容,其实前面七页和后面七页认认真真写,中间的可以比较简略,省略的写就好,其实一般老师都是随便翻翻前面几页和后面几页就算了,没有老师真正去通读全文的. 还有注意适当引用,有的大学是需要学生在论文中引用一定数量的论文,还有最后参考文献的格式也有讲究(不过网上有工具可以生成). 还有一定需要注意的是现在大学都有防抄袭系统,句子不要抄得太一样咯,尽量避免直接复制粘贴,是在要用别人的观点,就尝试用自己的话来说咯,其实也就是尽量拖长句子. 至于字数要求,其实老师看的是页数比较多,页数到达一定数量就好,没有人真正的去数字数. 论文内容最好自己写,要有亮点,亮点尽量写得玄学,别人看不懂就最好,最好套用一点专用名词上去. 这一点可以学习一些手机厂家,好像普通塑料就不能说塑料,要写亚克力材质.又比方说普通的金属钢片不能说钢片,要说奥氏体304不锈钢,总之要高大上,最好连老师都不懂,这样老师一般就不会问这个,如果老师真的问,你就说一句众所周知亚克力就是新型材料什么的,用于XXX\XXX有广泛引用,你一旦套上众所周知,一般提问的教授为了体现自己有水平,就会说噢噢,即使听不懂,也会不懂装懂.. 是在不会答辩可以去看看这么多年的小米\魅族的新品发布会,还有就是苹果的发布会,答辩跟那些其实就差不多,不过小米\魅族的可能更适合国内答辩.. 总之论文如果想拿高分就要尽量多用深奥的词汇,说的玄之又玄,明明很简单的东西都要说拗口了..不知道怎么说可以参考一些国内的教材..反正就是那个思路,写教材的人其实就是答辩过很多次的高手习惯了,就这么写教材,大家都看不懂,然后不懂装懂的人就觉得很有水平...其实国外教材根本不会这样,都是由浅入深一步一步的,所以国外教材一般都比较厚,国内比较薄雷同率也比较高...这个就不扯了... 总之前面7页后面7页认真写,多用专有名词,写的神乎其神,简单的东西复杂化,复杂的东西玄学化,保证答辩拿高分.... 问题三：写大学论文具体需要哪些步骤 你的论文准备往什么方向写，选题老师审核通过了没，有没有列个大纲让老师看一下写作方向？老师有没有和你说论文往哪个方向写比较好？写论文之前，一定要写个大纲，这样老师，好确定了框架，避免以后论文修改过程中出现大改的情况！！ 学校的格式要求、写作规范要注意，否则很可能发回来重新改，你要还有什么不明白或不懂可以问我，希望你能够顺利毕业，迈向新的人生。 第一，你在写论文的时候先确定你的论点，也就是你这篇论文是关于什么，是要论证什么东西，一般来说，也只有你对这个比较熟悉有一定的基础才能进行研究。 第二，在确定好论文方向后你可以查阅相关的书籍，一般包括一手和二手资料，一手就是关于你论证对象的资料，二手就是另外一些学者对于该对象的研究成果，比如你要研究鲁迅的话，第一手资料就是鲁迅的作品，第二首资料就是其他人关于鲁迅作品研究的成果。这些成果你都可以引用，但是在引用的时候必须注明出处，也就是你用了谁的观点，包括作者、作品名、出版社第几年第几版、第几页，这些写在论文的结尾处，以注释说明。 第三，摘要，摘要就是你论文研究的论点是什么，大概内容是什么，你有什么新看法。摘要一般不多，规范论文的摘要字数在200到500字之间，一般300字左右。 第四，关键字，关键字是抽取你论文的最主要的字眼，但是这字眼能明白看出你论文的大意的。比如你研究鲁迅的《阿Q正传》的，关键字可以有：鲁迅，阿Q正传，国民性，精神胜利法，革命。一般关键字为3到5个。 第五，正文，主要就是关于你的论点展开论述了。一般的论文的都在5000字以上，如果你是一个学生，小论文的话字数一般3000到5000字，而且标准也不高。当然，毕业论文除外。 第六，注释，注释就是关于你的参考作品，标明出处，也可以对于某些观点再做论述，但是一般字数不要太多。 第七，如果你有指导教师的话，在此表示感谢，有则可，没有不强求。 如果你写的是很重要的论文的话，一般还有英文摘要，错别字概率一般在万分之一，如果不是很严格的论文也不会有这些要求。最关键的就是正文了，一般你要有自己新颖的观点，但是不能哗众取宠，牵强附会，还要有结构层次，不能杂乱无章，也就是由浅到深。论文是实证性的，最好不要加入你的主观价值判断，就是最好不要有“应该”两个字，你不能告诉别人应该怎么做。 如何写毕业论文大纲 毕业论文大纲其实就是我们中学时候写作文要求的提纲. 写毕业论文大纲主要是提供我们论文写作的思路, 列出我们论文的框架结构, 这样方便我们后续写论文 (一)指导选题 选题是毕业论文写作的开端。能否选择恰当的题目，对于整篇毕业论文写作是否顺利，关系极大。好比走路，这开始的第十步是具有决定意义的，第一步迈向何方，需要慎重考虑。否则，就可能走许多弯路，费许多周折，甚至南辕北辙，难以到达目的地。 指导学员选题，要遵循这样两条基本原则：第一条是价值原则，即论文的选题要有价值。论文价值有价值和价值之分，选题时，要把应用价值摆在首位。学员写的毕业论文不是毫无实际意义的“空对空”的文字游戏，而是来源于现实，并为现实服务的。第二条是可行原则。选题时要充分考虑主客观条件。客观条件主要是写作的时间、地点、环境；主观条件包括作者的才能、学识和所掌握的材料等。学员在选择毕业论文题目时，必须考虑自己的主、客观条件，量力而行。即要选择那些客观上需要，主观上又有能力完成的题目。 (二)指导搜集材料 材料是文章的血肉，写文章不能没有材料。毕业论文如果缺少翔实的材料，就会像 *** 同志曾经批评......>> 问题四：大学论文怎么写啊 论文怎么写 一、标题 标题是文章的眉目。各类文章的标题，样式繁多，但无论是何种形式，总要以全部或不同的侧面体现作者的写作意图、文章的主旨。毕业论文的标题一般分为总标题、副标题、分标题几种。 (一)总标题 总标题是文章总体内容的体现。常见的写法有： ①揭示课题的实质。这种形式的标题，高度概括全文内容，往往就是文章的中心论点。它具有高度的明确性，便于读者把握全文内容的核心。诸如此类的标题很多，也很普遍。如《关于经济体制的模式问题》、《经济中心论》、《县级行政机构改革之我见》等。 ②提问式。这类标题用设问句的方式，隐去要回答的内容，实际上作者的观点是十分明确的，只不过语意婉转，需要读者加以思考罢了。这种形式的标题因其观点含蓄，容易激起读者的注意。如《家庭联产承包制就是单干吗?》、《商品经济等同于资本主义经济吗?》等。 ②交代内容范围。这种形式的标题，从其本身的角度看，看不出作者所指的观点，只是对文章内容的范围做出限定。拟定这种标题，一方面是文章的主要论点难以用一句简短的话加以归纳；另一方面，交代文章内容的范围，可引起同仁读者的注意，以求引起共鸣。这种形式的标题也较普遍。如《试论我国农村的双层经营体制》、《正确处理中央和地方、条条与块块的关系》、《战后西方贸易自由化剖析》等。 ④用判断句式。这种形式的标题给予全文内容的限定，可伸可缩，具有很大的灵活性。文章研究对象是具体的，面较小，但引申的思想又须有很强的概括性，面较宽。这种从小处着眼，大处着手的标题，有利于科学思维和科学研究的拓展。如《从乡镇企业的兴起看中国农村的希望之光》、《科技进步与农业经济》、《从“劳动创造了美”看美的本质》等。 ⑤用形象化的语句。如《激励人心的管理体制》、《科技史上的曙光》、《普照之光的理论》等。 标题的样式还有多种，作者可以在实践中大胆创新。 (二)副标题和分标题 为了点明论文的研究对象、研究内容、研究目的，对总标题加以补充、解说，有的论文还可以加副标题。特别是一些商榷性的论文，一般都有一个副标题，如在总标题下方，添上“与××商榷”之类的副标题。 另外，为了强调论文所研究的某个侧重面，也可以加副标题。如《如何看待现阶段劳动报酬的差别――也谈按劳分配中的资产阶级权利》、《开发蛋白质资源，提高蛋白质利用效率――探讨解决吃饭问题的一种发展战略》等。 设置分标题的主要目的是为了清晰地显示文章的层次。有的用文字，一般都把本层次的中心内容昭然其上；也有的用数码，仅标明“一、二、三”等的顺序，起承上启下的作用。需要注意的是：无论采用哪种形式，都要紧扣所属层次的内容，以及上文与下文的联系紧密性。 对于标题的要求，概括起来有三点：一要明确。要能够揭示论题范围或论点，使人看了标题便知晓文章的大体轮廓、所论述的主要内容以及作者的写作意图，而不能似是而非，藏头露尾，与读者捉迷藏。二要简炼。．论文的标题不宜过长，过长了容易使人产生烦琐和累赘的感觉，得不到鲜明的印象，从而影响对文章的总体评价。标题也不能过于抽象、空洞，标题中不能采用非常用的或生造的词汇，以免使读者一见标题就如堕烟海，百思不得其解，待看完全文后才知标题的哗众取宠之意。三要新颖。标题和文章的内容、形式一样，应有自己的独特之处。做到既不标新立异，又不落案臼，使之引人入胜，赏心悦目，从而激起读者的阅读兴趣。 二、目录 一般说来，篇幅较长的毕业论文，都没有分标题。设置分标题的论文，因其内容的层次较多，整个理论体系较庞大、复杂，故通常设目录。 设置目录的目的主要是： 1．使读者能够在阅读该论......>> 问题五：大一新生求论文的标准格式 一、论文应采用统一格式。要求如下 1、标题：黑体三号；副标题：宋体四号；段落标题：宋体小四号字加粗。 2、作者姓名：楷体小三号。 3、作者单位：加括号，楷体小四号。 例：（南京晓庄学院 小学教育专业 01本x班） 4、指导教师：楷体小三号。 例：指导教师：x x x 5、摘 要 摘要要简明，能涵盖文章的主要内容，100字左右。摘要内容（楷体五号）与“摘要” （黑体五号，加粗，加方括号）两字之间空两格。 例：[摘要] x x x x x x x x x 6、关键词 关键词应能反映文章的基本概念，不超过5个，不堆砌关键词。关键词内容（楷体小五号）与“关键词” （黑体五号，加粗，加方括号）三字间空两格。词与词之间加分号，最后一个词后不加句号 例：[关键词] x x；x x；x x；x x x 7、正文：宋体五号。 不能写“正文”一词；正文与关键词部分间隔一行；段落标题为宋体小四号（加粗）并与前后段落各间隔一行。 正文体例一般为：论文按一、（一）、1、（1）的顺序编段落号。调查报告、研究报告或实验报告按1、、的顺序编段落号。凡有编号的段落也都应在起头空两格。 凡所做图表应加题头，如 “表1”、“图1”空两格再加标题。 例：表1 x x x x x x x x x 凡引文应加注释。引文右上方加上标序号，注释加在本页页脚，宋体六号，序号应与上标一致。 注释的写法：被引文献作者姓名，引文题目或书名，出版社或杂志名，出版年份或杂志年份与期号，页码（杂志不用注页码）。 例：①拉尔夫，理解并引导教师的专业成长，郎曼出版社，1992， 文章应加页码，居中。 8、参考文献 “参考文献”一词与正文及文献内容各间隔一行，黑体五号，加粗。 文献目录：序号用 *** 数字并加方括号；不加书名号或引号；与“参考文献”一词隔一行。 例1：[1]作者名.文献名.出版地：出版社（全称），出版年份. 例2憨[1]作者名.文献名.期刊名（全称），出版年份，（期号）. 9、总格式如下： 标题 副标题 作者姓名 作者单位 指导教师及其姓名 摘要 关键词 正文 参考文献 英文摘要 二、编辑格式 1、间距：行间距为倍，字间距为标准间距； 2、纸型：A4纸张； 3、页边距：上、下边距为厘米，左、右边距为厘米。 问题六：什么是论文？大学新生怎样开始写论文？ 如果你的论文是想要在申请的时候用的话 你的论文需要时国家核心期刊上发表的论文 不要求你必须是第一作者，当然如果你是第一作者的话当然更好了 这种论文必须是你所申请研究生的专业领域的论文 所以这种论文是要求你有一定的专业基础的。 作为新生，这个貌似有点勉强。 当然如果你是牛人的话就尽量发挥自己的才智吧。多发表几篇，多多益善的。 所以 如果你不是牛人的话，就只能跟着教授好好混了。教授做项目的时候你参加，然后论文让他把你写作第二作者或者第三作者。 最好你能够搜寻你理想学校的外国教授他的研究方向，了解并写到相关课题的论文，那么你之后跟他套磁才会增大录取甚至拿奖学金的可能啊。 至于论文怎么写，你百度吧。就查查毕业论文的格式。把那个大长篇浓缩成精华就是能发表的了。你给杂志的编辑发邮件等消息，或者联系你们教授熟悉的编辑吧。教授都是要发很多论文才能当教授的，他们肯定有熟人。。。 总之教授是关键。。。 问题七：大学论文怎么写 一、选题：要在自己的专业方向里面选择一个合适的题目或者方向，一般应具有独创性、新颖性。 二、搜集相关资料：包括相关的书籍、期刊资料等其他资料，可以通过期刊网、图书馆等搜集 三、拟写论文提纲，这个与选题一般是同步进行的，提纲就是论文的主体结构。 四、开始拟写论文。这个与搜集资料调整论文提纲同时进行。 五、反复修改论文，征求导师意见。 六、定稿 问题八：大学论文应该怎么写 简单，先找资料，然后确定题目，再根据实习情况加参考文献写开题报告，在开题报告中已经为论文列下了框架，写文章在大框架的前提下就可以具体细化了。一定要跟指导老师多沟通，他会告诉你怎么修改