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银行英语口语英语专业毕业论文范文商务英语毕业论文范文银行信用风险的成因及防范
Interest rate marketability and our country State-owned Commercial bank countermeasureInterest rate marketability connotationThe so-called interest rate marketability, is refers to the money market fund supply and demand both sides independent determination interest rate level interest rate decision mechanism vicissitude process 。Says specifically, the interest rate marketability is refers to the Central Bank to need to regulate the datum interest rate according to the monetary policy, various commercial bank saves the loan interest rate according to the fund market supply and demand change independent adjustment, Finally forms take Central Bank datum interest rate as the guidance, multi-level, can manifest fund supply and demand condition and the reflection Central Bank monetary policy intention interest rate operational mechanism fully。The interest rate marketability emphasis interest rate really reflected the fund cost and the supply-demand relation, effectively display its economical leverage nimbly。一. Our country interest rate marketability reform existence questionIs opposite says in the Chinese economic reform and the opening to the outside world overall step, the interest rate marketability reform progresses slowly. Looked on the present situation that, our country not yet completely realizes the interest rate marketability, the interest rate control creates the interest rate this important price release lever to receive the serious restraint in the resources disposition aspect function, the interest rate structure distortion. Our country interest rate system marketability degree quite is also low, mainly displays in following several aspects:1. The interest rate control degree is high, the interest rate level and the structure are incompatible, and the bank independency is restricted. The current our country interest rate policy movement environment controls the interest rate primarily, the interest rate level decision, the difference interest rate policy making and so on the related interest rate each aspect policy all by the government strict control, displays the high planning and . The interest rate level determination has certain subjective blindness; the rate adjustment flexibility is insufficient. At present our country interest rate level decision is makes by the monetary policy committee, the interest rate decision-making power high degree of concentration in the central authorities, the interest rate formulation and the adjustment has the serious time lag . Lacks the effective market datum interest rate. On November 1, 2003, the NAP Standing Committee Cheng Sewer, vice chairman of the Forum, said: "The market-oriented interest rates, the key is to set the benchmark interest rate. The benchmark interest rate is determined, in order to determine the interest rate structure, risk structure. No established the benchmark rate, the interest rate market is a empty sentences. "Benchmark rate in the entire interest rate system has played a core role and prevents other interest rates, in a sense, the benchmark interest rate options and determine the interest rate market is the core of the reform steps.二．Implements the interest rate marketability state-owned commercial bank significanceFirst, is advantageous to the expansion state-owned commercial bank right of autonomous management, the enhancement competitive power. After the interest rate lets loose, the bank had the independent fixed price power, may use this kind of right to independence and its flexible full display fully. The various countries' reform experience indicated that, after the interest rate marketability, the deposit real interest rate all has the different scope raise. The real interest rate rise will have the positive influence to the deposit, the attraction fund from bank systems and so on the stock market, black market accepts the human bank system, the enhancement commercial bank's competitive power. Next, is advantageous in raises the state-owned commercial bank management level. The interest rate marketability causes the fund price to let loose truly. Price competition between the banks presents the new ball game from this. But the price competition must rise take the low cost fund as the backing. In order to gain the low cost capital source, various bank in the financial product, the marketing strategy, service method general unfolds manager respectively, this will intensify inevitably the competition intense degree, will urge the bank change management way, who will grasp is initiative who to be able to obtain market (In the new situation, the commercial bank guild cared about the interest rate market change situation and the international interest rate undulation tendency, and according to own situation, determines the cost scientifically, formulates the price reasonably, the enhancement economic accounting, strengthens its profit ability. It can be said that, the interest rate marketability reform, the interest rate production mechanism transformation, is to a commercial bank management and operation from inside to outside comprehensive forging. Is once more advantageous in creates a relatively fair competition environment. The interest rate marketability and the money market consummation is a process which complements one another. The developed money market is the interest rate marketability reliable guarantee. Because in the developed consummation money market, the financial tool type is rich, financial main body multi-dimensional, the financing way is diverse, the competition is full, the interest rate can reflect fully the fund price, can guide the resources reasonable disposition, enhances the resources use efficiency. Otherwise, the interest rate marketability can promote the money market development consummation; The money market is the interest rate marketability advancement beginning, also will be carries on the risk management to the interest rate the place, the interest rate system change promotes the money market development. Finally, is advantageous in speeds up the microscopic main body the property right reform, interest rate marketability important condition is the state-owned enterprise and the state-owned commercial bank's property right must be clear. The property right is not clear, is not strong to the interest intrinsic budget restraint, exceeds the time limit the risk responsibility to attenuate, and cannot be keen to the interest rate reflection. At present, our country State-owned Commercial bank and very big part of state-owned enterprise's property right slurred, the interest rate market changed into its reform to provide the power, on objective impelled their property right reform.三．The interest rate marketability causes the state-owned commercial bank faced with to challenge sternlyThe interest rate marketability, is the historical stage which our country Commercial bank must pass through, can impel our country State-owned Commercial bank enormously the reform. But after the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level change does not decide, Our country Commercial bank which survives under the control possibly can develop the new financial tool for a long time to dodge the interest rate risk without enough time, will certainly to face the stern challenge, this displays in:1．Has enlarged the bank rate risk. After the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level ascension and the irregular undulation enlarge, intensified the bank vulnerability, ha have enlarged the bank rate risk. After the interest rate marketability, the interest rate level ascension and the irregular undulation enlarge, intensified the bank vulnerability, have the possibility to cause the bank crisis extremely the occurrence. As a result of our country long-term interest rate control, the interest rate by artificial force down, after the interest rate is let loose, the interest rate level can elevate inevitably. The analysis indicated that, in the credit activity, along with the real interest rate enhancement, the risk borrower more will become the bank by chance the customer, But loathes the risk originally the enterprise borrowers also favor in change oneself project the nature, enable it to have a higher risk and the income level. The cause property average horizontal drop in quality, the credit risk , from looked for a long time that, the interest rate change the fund supply and demand real-time influence, can undulate frequently, but the interest rate undulation namely meant risk existence. How forecast accurately the interest rate change tendency, the reasonable determination has the competitive advantage price water; how assigns scientifically saves, the loan deadline layout, maintains the best advantage bad level;How forecast accurately the interest rate change tendency, the reasonable determination has the competitive advantage price water � How assigns scientifically saves, the loan deadline layout, maintains the best advantage bad level; How adjusts the property debt structure nimbly,Enhances prepares pays the level, the active control interest rate forms fluid wind �? How will supervise perfectly restricts the mechanism, prevented has human sentiment interest rate risk and so on, these will all cause the commercial bank faced with the stern ．Leads the service to the commercial bank to have the huge impact. Along with the interest rate marketability, various bank launches the intense contention superiority customer to save the loan war inevitably, the keen competition will cause to save the loan advantage difference large scale deflation. At the same time, the interest rate marketability impetus money market development, the massive enterprise temporary fund no longer rises in value through the deposit form, but is in the capital market, the money market puts in obtains the short-term to receive；Whether there is does the inhabitant also no longer excessively regard as important only contains the risk value deposit interest rate, pays attention contains the risk value the money market to receive �? The bank leadership service will be under the huge can be said, after interest rate marketability, bank true competition magic weapon instead outside interest rate method. Because the monetary fund is highly the homogeneity commodity, the grade of service is more important, highly effective, the low cost manages finances the service enable the customer to have a higher income, has the attraction to the ．Proposed the challenge to the bank management and interest rate control system, regardless of is the interest rate level or counts the rest method all to have the country to decide, regardless of how the country does adjust saves the loan interest rate, all fully considered commercial bank actual situation, maintains the reasonable advantage bad level throughout. Commercial bank's interest rate management is extremely simple, so long as gives according to the People's Bank the fluctuation scope carries out the national interest rate level then, the interest rate change is limited, the interest rate risk is controllable. In such situation, the bank management is inevitably passive. But in under the interest rate marketability condition, the intense market competition forces the bank either to use the price method, through raises the deposit interest rate, reduces the loan interest rate to attract the customer; Either depends upon the high quality service, through the function innovation, the product innovation, the technological innovation satisfies the customer. But this request commercial bank changes present the management, the method and the organization ．Proposed the challenge to the commercial bank staff quality. Along with interest rate marketability reform advancement quickening, the interest rate risk enlarge, will strengthen to the future interest rate trend analyzes and forecast oneself will be very urgent. The state-owned commercial bank seeks the financial professional who needs one batch of this aspect high quality, not only these people must have the deep theory foundation of basic skills, but also must have the rich commercial bank practice experience, Both must thoroughly understand the domestic interest rate change the undulation condition, and must be skilled in the forecast interest rate change tendency. But the present state-owned bank lacks generally can promptly effectively the control and the circumvention interest rate risk tool and the interest rate risk management professional, to the interest rate trend development forecast, the risk recognition and control is weak.四．The state-owned commercial bank should to strategyAlong with the interest rate marketability advancement, the interest rate is more and more big to the state-owned commercial bank's influence, in this situation, the state-owned commercial bank should seek positively should to the ．Establishment finance product fixed price system. In the interest rate marketability situation, whether does the commercial bank draw up a science reasonable fixed price system, has the nimble effective quoted price ability, the realization risk �? Between 20 income balances,Is key which whether it does develop continually. In this process, must establish the effective comprehensive income reckoning system, the overall evaluation customer comprehensive income which brings to the commercial bank，The customer credit risk size, the loan deadline length is the interest rate risk size, as well as commercial bank's collection fund cost and the operation cost share and so on the aspect questions。2．Increases the middle service product development ability, the adjustment profit structure. After the interest rate marketability, the bank saves, the loan favorable difference reduces, the profit level reduces, and this request state-owned commercial bank must develop the middle service vigorously. The bank may while develop positively receives on another's behalf, pays on another's behalf and so on service, uses the commercial bank market main body qualifications fully, positively provides the proxy for other financial organ to distribute the bond, the silver card account transfer, the proxy insures, the fund trust, the broker manages finances, The property management, financial consultant, the investment consultation and so on, enhances the middle service to buy a girl child, on own initiative develops the low risk, the high income middle service new variety positively, promotes the bank large scale by this profit ability, promotes the bank sustainable ．Establishes nimbly, the highly effective interest rate management organization, trains the interest rate managerial talent vigorously. According to the Bethel bank supervising and managing committee about the bank effective supervising and managing core principle request, under the interest rate marketability environment, various commercial bank must set up the specialized interest rate risk management department, manages and instructs the entire good interest rate work, Coordinates and coordinates inside and outside the bank to be connected the work. The interest rate control section's most important task is carries on the comprehensive interest rate sensitive tube on the bank asset debt level ; Exterior determination, internal advantage � The definite general headquarters to branch office's interest rate authorization, are responsible for staff interest rate risk management training and so on. In addition, but also should establish the high interest rate information communication channel, after the interest rate marketability, the commercial bank interior enhances greatly about the interest rate information transmission effectiveness, guarantees can transmit promptly general headquarters formulation each interest rate to commercial bank's any business mesh point, guarantees the commercial bank interest rate policy the ．Speeds up the state-owned commercial bank the property right reform. Stipulated according to "Law of corporation" that, the commercial bank belongs to the competitive profession, does not need to adopt the state-owned sole ownership property right, and does not have the legal barrier to its joint stock system transformation. To the state-owned commercial bank's property right reform, its concrete transformation form establishes the joint stock system commercial bank. The reality in China, in accordance with international practice, and gradually achieve solely by the state to transform the state-owned holding company, and ultimately joint-stock limited companies, and establish corporate system of corporate governance institutions, the establishment of the right to operate, ownership and the right to supervise the separation of the framework, China's commercial banks to become real significance of commercial banks, do business operations.字太多，发布下，你再见个问题吧，我回答。率市场化与我国国有商业银行对策利率市场化的内涵所谓利率市场化，是指金融市场资金供求双方自主确定利率水平的利率决定机制的变迁过程。具体讲，利率市场化是指中央银行根据货币政策的需要调控基准利率，各商业银行根据资金市场的供求变化自主调节存贷款利率，最终形成以中央银行基准利率为引导，多层次、能够充分体现资金供求状况和反映中央银行货币政策意图的利率运行机制。利率市场化强调利率真实地反映资金成本与供求关系，灵活有效地发挥其经济杠杆作用.
商业银行中间业务发展现状及对策CurrentStatus&FutureStrategiesforInter(Inner)-BusinessDevelopmentofCommercialBanksinner-business,或inter-business都可以用来描述你说的中间业务,具体要看是哪一类.又或者可以用特指某种业务(比如:拆借)的英文对应单词.参考文献：个人翻译
Too-big-to-fail: Bank failure and banking policy in Jamaica J. Daleya, , , K. Matthewsb and K. Whitfieldb aDepartment of Management Studies, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica bCardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU Wales, UK Received 7 October 2005; accepted 16 December 2006. Available online 22 December 2006. Abstract Research on the causes of bank failure has focused on developed countries, particularly the United States of America. Relatively little empirical work has examined developing countries. We examine the total population of banks in Jamaica between 1992 and 1998 and find that real GDP growth, size, and managerial efficiency were the most significant factors contributing to the failure of banks. Bank failure is defined to include bailout and regulator-induced or supervised merger. Our results suggest that there were implicit ‘too-big-to-fail’ policies during this period. Keywords: Bank failures; Too-big-to-fail; Developing economies; Jamaica JEL classification codes: G21; G28 Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Bank failure in Jamaica 3. Bank failure literature 4. Data and methodology 5. The likelihood of failure 6. Failure and bail-out 7. Conclusion Acknowledgements Appendix A. Pool of variables References 1. Introduction The last decade of the 20th century was unprecedented in Jamaica's financial history. Of a population of 37 banks, 21 were classified as failed, with 14 being so classified in 1 year—1998. However, few outright closures occurred. Most problem banks were merged with other banks, or continued to operate through financial support from the government. More than a half of domestic banks received some kind of financial support from the government, initiated voluntary bankruptcy proceedings or surrendered their licences. Explanations for such banking problems vary. Empirical research on bank failures separates the causal factors into bank-specific, industry-specific, macroeconomic and other. However, much of the debate on developing countries has neglected banks at the individual level, and has focused on the problems faced at the sector or industry level. Moreover, the (often conflicting) results of existing studies do not offer inferences about the factors that are particularly significant in developing countries, or to those that are significant to the failure of individual banks, or to the fate of problem banks. This paper addresses the following questions: what factors were significant in the banking crisis in Jamaica? What factors influenced how the crisis was handled and was there an implicit too-big-to-fail (TBtF) policy? What are the lessons for bank regulators in developing economies that can assist in better preparedness for the future? To address these questions, the within-sample performance of a panel of Jamaican banks is examined. Some of the factors identified as contributing to failure include deterioration in the macroeconomic environment, rapid expansion and weakness in a range of bank-specific factors: capital, management, and liquidity. The size results are particularly significant and point to the operation of implicit ‘TBtF’ policies. Larger banks are more likely to fail, but are also more likely to be bailed out rather than closed. The next section discusses the banking crisis in Jamaica. Section 3 reviews the literature on bank failures. Section 4 discusses data and methodology. Sections Sections 5 and 6 present the results, and Section 7 concludes. 2. Bank failure in Jamaica The term ‘bank failure’ has been interpreted varyingly. The more precise definitions have focused on accounting factors (for example, [Martin, 1977] and [Benston and Kaufman, 1995]), economic factors ([Bell et al., 1990] and [González-Hermosillo et al., 1997]), or legal factors (Meyer and Pifer, 1970). Conversely, more general definitions have attempted to be all-inclusive and have applied a ‘catch-all’ combination of specific definitions (for example, Thomson, 1992). Using a general definition of ‘bank failure’ embracing closure, bankruptcy, supervised merger, or direct government assistance, we assess the population of banks in Jamaica over the period 1992– Table 1 shows a comparative profile of the Jamaican banking sector before and after the crisis. Table 1. Banking system profile: pre- and post-banking crisis Jamaican banking sector
I'm wangNan,a student of Middle School. I have a gooa friend,' an USA are both in Class Two,Grade is 15 years old,one year older than me. We both study 'm good at physices,but she's good at often help each other with of us like helping others. We both like sports very enjoy playing Ilike palying soccer. She likes green but Ilike red. Tough we are different in my ways,we are good friends
1. 旅游的小文章（英语） Last summer vacation,my family and I went to Qingdao by was always sunshine and fresh air,which made us so went to the seaside,the sea was as blue as the sky,and bathing in the sunshine on the beach, was really an enjoyable also picked up a lot of colorful shells with my little we bought many interesting souvenirs,I was planing to send them to my ate many tings there,such as fish,prawn,and so are very we lived in a clean and tidy hotel,and the price was not so like Qingdao very much,and if I got a chance,I hope to e here again,it is such a beautiful and interesting place. 上个暑假，我和我的家人坐火车去了青岛。那里总是阳光明媚，空气也很清新，令人心情舒畅。我们去了海边，海水和天空一样的蓝，在沙滩上沐浴着阳光，是件很享受的事儿。我和妹妹还捡了好多五颜六色的贝壳。我们在这里买了好多有趣的纪念品，我打算送给我的朋友们。我们在这里吃到了很多东西，比如鱼，虾..真的很美味。 我们住在一个干净整洁的旅馆里，而且价格不是很昂贵。 我很喜欢这里，如果有机会我还希望可以再次去青岛，这个美丽有趣的地方。2. 一篇关于旅游英语小短文 好像来晚了呀 不过还是给你参考参考 我自己写的 It was last National Holiday,I went to Shandong Province on my own with a travel really had a unforgotable holiday there. We took a ship there,the weather wasn't so great then,however,when we got to Yantai,it's we had a big was tired that day,and fell asleep fast. The following day,we did some sightseeing in next day,we went to Confucius's home,it was just huge and amazing which I could never with the home of Wang Xizhi,it was great. The third day was really tired for me,cuz we climbed Mount was a rainy day,I put on was really hard for me. My trip to Shandong wasn't bad,I really enjoyed it. 希望楼主满意阿。 3. 关于旅游的英文文章 An orientation tour that begins with a drive around the Civic District past the Padang, Cricket Club, historic Parliament House, Supreme Court and City Hall. Stop at the MERLION PARK for great views of Marina Bay and a picture-taking opportunity with The Merlion, a mythological creature that is part lion and part fish. Visit THIAN HOCK KENG TEMPLE, one of Singapore's oldest Buddhist-Taoist temples, before driving past Chinatown to watch craft *** en at work at a LOCAL HANDICRAFT CENTRE. Proceed to the NATIONAL ORCHID GARDEN, located within Singapore Botanic Gardens, which boasts a sprawling display of 60,000 orchid plants. Our final stop at LITTLE INDIA will entrance you with the scent of joss sticks, ja *** ine and spices。 4. 旅游的好处 英语议论文 旅游的好处（The Advantages of Travel） Whenever a college student is asked, "What are you going to do this summer vacation?" The most probable answer might be "I am going to have a travel. " It sounds that college students are fond of travelling. Why? Because travel has numerous advantages. First of all, travel can widen our knowledge of geography, the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practise a foreign language through travelling. Finally, travel is the best way of pastime. We can enjoy eating various food and seeing beautiful sceneries. In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time. 旅游的好处 不管你什么时候问一个大学生这样一个问题：“今年暑假你要做什么？”他很可能这样回答：“我要去旅游。”听起来大学生们是喜欢旅游的。为什么呢？ 因为旅游有许多好处。 首先，旅游可以扩大我们的地理知识以及扩大我们对不同地区不同国家的风俗、文化和生活方式方面的知识。其次，通过旅游我们可以交朋友、练外语。最后，旅游是消遣的最好方法，我们可以享受各种食品，观看美丽景色。 一句话，旅游的好处不止一个方面，花些时间是值得的。 5. 跪求旅游英语论文 随着旅游业的发展，在有些国家或地区旅游业甚至成为经济收入最大的支柱产业.旅游是经济、社会、文化等现象的综合反映，这一特性决定了旅游的发展必然给旅游地带来经济，环境，社会等一系列积极的影响。 发展旅游业，还能增长当地的就业机会，使更多的人有业可从，解决了社会中就业的一大难题，降低社会制安事件的发生频率.同时， 各地游客的进入， 增长了当地居民和外地人的接触和交往， 促进了相互间的文化交流， 扩大了视野， 提高了文化素养.发展国内旅游业还可以促进其他产业的发展.旅游业的发展能 *** 旅游者的消费，从而可以形成和扩大新的消费市场。 旅游对经济环境的有利影响是最为显著的，旅游业和其他产业相比，是一个投资少，见效快，无污染 的产业，同时，旅游业还能带动其他产业的发展，这就使旅游业对于该地区国民经济收入具有重大的意义. 旅游业对生态环境也有明显的有利影响.随着旅游业的日益发展，不断地开发旅游资源，其中有不少旅游资源原来就存在一些生态问题，，在旅游资源开发中，便可采取旅游生态建设和污染治理的措施，使开发出来的旅游资源比原来的生态环境质量更高，即旅游开发美化了生态环境.旅游业还能保持生态环境.旅游资源开发出来进入利用阶段，若能科学地管理，能使当地生态环境进入良性循环. 发展国内旅游业对于激发人民的爱国主义热情，增进人们的身体健康，提高生活质量具有较大的作用。 旅游者游览祖国锦绣山河和名胜古迹，对其开阔眼界，陶冶情操，扩大信息交流，增强身心健康都有积极的作用。尤其是在青少年中开展爱国主义教育，国内旅游发挥的作用更为明显。 再次，发展内旅游还可以促进思想观念的更新，从而提高人民的素质。国内旅游发展所形成的游客流是信息流、观念流的载体。 这些信息、观念、思维、生活方式的传播，可以起着打破当地封闭保守思想、引发思维观念更新的作用。强化人们之间的思想文化交流，更新思想观念，其意义比因发展旅游所获得的经济效益要深远得多。 国内旅游业无论对于社会主义物质文明还是精神文明建设都有十分重要的促进作用。因此，发展国内旅游业应当引起社会各界特别是旅游界的充分重视。 当然，有好处就会有坏处。在旅游食宿措施的建设过程中，水、电及其他能源供应的絮乱，费水、废气、垃圾的处理不及时等都可能对生态环境形成污染。 在经济利益的驱使下，不少旅游地超负荷接待游客，或乱建滥造旅游措施，而使得一些有珍贵历史文化价值的古迹或独特、协调的自然、人文景观遭受破坏 新手，没分，不好意思。 愿意的帮一下，谢谢 旅游区的旅游气氛环境是由当地的自然环境，以及反映当地历史、地方或民族气息的环境烘托出来的，这其中，当地的环境和文化以及历史起了很大的作用。游客在欣赏大自然美景中，也要注意遵守社会公德。 游客自身也是风景的组成部分，不文明的行为举止不仅会玷污美丽的风景，也会破坏他人游览时的心情。和谐是大家共同的心声，为了让人人都能尽其游兴，每一名游客都不能放纵自己，应多一份谦让，多一份风度，营造一个彼此友善、相互谦让的良好旅游氛围。 With the development of touri *** in some countries or regions or even bee a touri *** ine of the largest pillar industry. Touri *** is the economic, social and cultural phenomena, such as a prehensive reflection of this decision features of the development of touri *** is bound to bring touri *** to the economy , The environment, a series of positive social impact. The development of touri *** , but also increase local employment opportunities so that more people from the industry has to address the social employment in one of the major problems and reduce the social security system, the frequency of incidents. At the same time, all over the tourists to enter, an increase of Local residents and outside contacts and exchanges to promote mutual cultural exchanges and expand the vision to improve the culture. The development of domestic touri *** can promote the development of other industries. Development of the touri *** industry can stimulate the growth of tourist spending, Thus the formation of a new and expanding consumer market. Touri *** on the beneficial effects of the economic environment is the most significant, touri *** and other industries, the investment is a *** all, effective, non-polluting the industry, at the same time, touri *** can promote other industries Development, which makes the region for touri *** revenue of the national economy is of great significance. Eco-touri *** on the environment is a clear positive impact. With the increasing development of the touri *** industry, continuous development of touri *** resources, touri *** resources, many of which are original to the existence of a number of ecological problems in the development of touri *** resources, can take eco-touri *** And the 。 6. 以"旅游报告"为题写一篇英语作文 Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book. 旅行也是最好的学习方法之一。你可能看过或者听说过某些事物的报道，但只有当你亲眼看到这些事物时你才能获得准确的信息。眼见为实。此外，如果你是一个细心的观察者，在你的旅行过程中你会学到许多有关当地的地理、生物和历史方面的知识。不管你接受过多好的教育，通过旅行总是可以让你学到更多。你会发现在旅行中获得的知识在你的生活中并不比来自任何一本有影响力的参考书上的价值小。 7. 求一篇关于旅游的英文文章关于旅游的英文文章,最好中英对照的,中 Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm Located by the side of Guankouken inner road of No。 324 national highway in Jimei District, the Wanbao Hill Sightseeing Farm covers an area of 500 mu。 As the field is not very high, tourists can easily get into the orchard to look around。 All year around fruit trees are planted in the garden for picking and tasting by the tourists in any month。 There are lichee, longan, citrus fruits, carambola, persimmon, mango, strawberry, peaches, plums and more。 The farm is also equipped with a fishing pound, barbecue areas, camping areas, farming areas, refreshment rooms and a restaurant for customers' convenience and to meet their special interests。 Further more, a holiday villa within the farm can provide lodging and all kinds of entertainments。 8. 急求英语小作文一篇,200字左右,关于旅游的 last year ,I went to Beijing I love there The summer Places is to beautiful and we went to Wangfujing though there are lots of people in there and the things are too expensive ,most people buy things in bought a pair of beautiful shoes in love Beijing .This too beautiful！ 文章大意：去年，我去了北京，我喜欢那里。 颐和园的景色非常美，我们还去了王府井。虽然那里有很多人，而且东西都很贵，但是许多人还是在那里购物。 我在那里买了一双很漂亮的鞋子。 .我爱北京！那里很美。 9. 关于旅游的英文的毕业论文.知道的朋友告诉我一下,谢谢 二、旅游英语翻译的几种方法 解释是指增加的部分是对字' 词' 句的字面意思的解释% 如花港观鱼） Hua Gang Guan Yu"Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor* "孤山） Gushan"Solitary Hill* "紫来洞） Zilai Cave"Purple Source Cave* %# 西安古称长安$可译成# Xi'an was called Chang'an"or+everlasting peace,in ancient times$"& 天安门$可译成& Tian'anman"the Gate of Heavenly Peace$"这样的译法将名称与其含义联系起来"便于外国游客记忆"加深他们的印象"增加他们的游兴%又如"& 端午节那天"人们都要吃棕子$可以译为& During the Dragon Boat Festival, or the Duanwu Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a mon practice to eat zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with reed leaves$%& 大乘寺坐北朝南"院墙按八卦建造$ 可以译为& The Great Vehicle Temple faces south with its walls shaped after the Eight Diagrams) binations of three whole or broken lines formerly used in divination* $% 八卦是我国古代的一套符号"用于占卜% 一般的中国人都不知道八卦"何况外国游客% 所以此处务必加以解释%在旅游英语翻译中采用类比的手法常常有喜人的效果% 如把杭州历史人物西施比作Chinese Cleopatra"将民间人物月下老人译作Chinese Cupid% 浙江兰溪一个济公纪念馆介绍济公事迹的英译文"也是采用类比的方法%中文为& 济公劫富济贫"深受穷苦人民爱戴$"其英译为& Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor, he was loved by the poor people$"由于采用了& 以此比彼$的手法拉近了外国游客与中国文化的距离！使他们产生亲近感！激发他们的游兴"增加与解释不同！是指为了更好地理解某字#词#句而添加的相关知识和背景资料" 中国悠久历史中有许多著名事件！英雄人物！典故传奇等" 旅游资料中经常提到的许多风景名胜往往与他们有关！不增加说明！一般外国游客就无法理解" 如！$ 绍兴是越瓷的产地%的英译文是$ Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelains. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in ancient China%" 在此！译文增加了一个句子来解释$ 越%这个专有名称" 又如！$ 林边有一洞！叫白龙洞" 传说& 白蛇传' 的白娘子曾在此修炼%的英文翻译为$ Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of the Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine%"这句如果没有添加！外国游客虽然也能看懂！但会产生怀疑！白蛇娘娘在这么小的洞里怎样来修炼呢（ 有了这些添加之后！他们方能正确地理解原文！原来修炼一事纯属传说"有时候！在翻译旅游资料中！删减是十分必要的" 因为大多数外国游客阅读这些资料都是为了了解中国的风土人情！增加一些旅游兴趣" 中国人在写事状物时喜欢引经据典！摘录名人名言或古诗加以验证" 中国读者读了会加深印象！从中得到艺术享受与美感！而在外国旅游者看来似乎是画蛇添足"如介绍青岛的旅游资料中有这么一段文字"$） 烟水苍茫月色迷！渔舟晚泊栈桥西" 乘凉每至黄昏后！人依栏杆水拍堤" *这是古人赞美青岛海滨的诗句" 青岛是一座风光秀丽的海滨城市！夏无酷暑！冬无严寒" 西起胶州湾入海处的团岛！东至崂山风景区的下清宫！绵延80 多华里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷" %其译文为$ Qingdaoisa charmingcoastal city,whosebeautyoftenappears inpoetry. It isnothot insummeror cold inwinter. The 40- km- longscenic line begins fromTuan Island at thewest end toXiaqingTemple ofMount Xaoat the east end%" 译者将古诗全部删除！但不影响译文读者对原文中其他部分的理解！而译文中第一句正是对前面古诗简洁的概括" 再看一段描写桂林地区景区之一兴坪的文字"$ 这些山峰！连同山上绿竹翠柳！岸边的村民农舍！时而化入水中！时而化入天际！真是） 果然佳胜在兴坪*" %其译文为$ These hills and the green bamboo and willows and farmhouse *** erge with their reflections in the river and lead visitors to a dreamy world%" 这段文字最后一句诗句英语译为$ and lead visitors toa dreamyworld%！虽没有正面译出兴坪的美景！它对名游译文却将读者引入梦幻般的奇境！反而烘托出兴坪吸引游客的特点" 再譬如！$ 观光层高达263 米！是岛瞰全市景色的最佳处所！当风和日丽时！举目远望！佘山金山！崇明岛隐隐可见！真有） 登泰山而小天下*之感%" 其译文为$ The observation deck, 263meters high, is the best place toget a bird's- eye- view of the city. On a sunny day, the deck mands an indistinct view of Mount Sheshan, Mount Jishan and the Chongming Island far, far away. Standingon the deck, one gets the feelingthat theworld is belittled%" 以上的这段译文中删除了引自& 论语'中的一句话！$ 登泰山而小天下%" 原文中引用此语无非是形容电视塔之高！如果要将$ 泰山%译出必然要加注！否则外国游客很难将它与电视塔。
Last weekend , I visited the Great Wall with my parents . we started early in the morning and went there by car . When we got there , seeing the Great Wall in front of us ,had a sense of pride .then we began to mount the Great Wall , enjoying the warm sunshine and beautiful scenery all the way .when we reached the top of it ,I was deeply moved by what the ancient people had done . we were all impressed by the splendid view .meanwhile , I remembered an old saying "one who has never been to the Great wall is not a true man ".
达晋编译-专业的SCI论文服务机构：用英文来书写应该是一些西方比较重视的学科吧，我是历史学的，基本上都是中文写的。用英文来书写更有利于国际化，同时也可以投寄更多地杂志期刊。
可以啊，英语专业都论文都是要求英文的。另外有的英语相关专业，如英语教育，商务英语也用英语写。其他专业则要求中文，并且字数要求多过英文。---我是结合我校本科毕业论文情况来讲的。呵呵，我们管院的学生，论文一律中文。5000字。
学术堂整理了十五个好写的商业银行毕业论文题目，供大家进行参考：1.我国商业银行存款结构变化及营销策略分析；2.商业银行个人消费贷款风险防范分析；3.我国商业银行个人住房贷款的风险管理；4.商业银行高层管理者激励机制中的动态模型；5.商业银行信用卡业务风险管理研究；6.商业银行结构调整与资本外逃问题研究；7.我国银行保险营销策略的问题和对策；8.投资银行的本质及历史演进过程分析；9.金融危机的国际比较研究新进展；10.金融发展理论的新进展；11.不确定经济学研究的新方法；12.货币乘数分析的理论误区及影响；13.利率市场化及其风险管理机制研究；14.我国商业银行资本结构调整与管理路径分析；15.我国个人信用制度建设的问题与对策；
1.商业银行毕业论文题目选择：1）我国商业银_行存款结构_变化及营销_ 策略分析;2）商业银行个_人消费贷款_风险防范分_ 3）我国商业银_行个人住房_贷款的风险_管理等。2.毕业论文的选题至关重要，一个好的选题能够促进现代科学发展和理论发展，对社会的物质文明增长和精神文明建设有指导作用，学生在选择毕业论文的选题时，需要选确认选题的正确性和价值导向，其次是论文的创新性和内容，并结合学生个人能力，完成毕业论文的选题。商业银行毕业论文题目选择：商业银行高层管理者激励机制中的动态模型；商业银行信用卡业务风险管理研究；商业银行结构调整与资本外逃问题研究；我国银行保险营销策略的问题和对策；投资银行的本质及历史演进过程分析等。1.毕业论文的选题通常有两种方式，分别是浏览捕捉法和追溯验证法1）浏览捕捉法：通过此方法进行选题，需要广泛且全面的查阅文献资料，以多个角度，多个层面研究内容的本质进行剖析，其二对文献资料的内容进行摘录，加深脑海中对部分论点论述的印象，搜集到的文献进行整理规划，排列组合，理解课题之间的联络，进行深入思考，最终确定自己的选题 2）追溯验证法：对已有文献内容的问题进行追溯，部分论文中有后续的研究计划，以及部分未开展的研究内容，同学们在选题时，可以对已有论文的内容进行补充完善，或者延伸拓展，以不同角度的方式解析论文内容。2.论文选题决定了你的论文方向，选择一个好的论文题目，就等于论文完成了一半。因此选题间接关系到是否能够顺利拿到毕业证和学位证，部分学校还会将毕业论文放入个人档案。如果不加思索就选定题目，由于缺乏研究分析，材料准备也不充分，勉强提笔来写困难重重，被导师全盘否定也是极有可能的，甚至会影响顺利毕业。
本学期我所学的金融双学位课程进入到了写论文，答辩的阶段。那时对于刚刚上大四的我，对于论文还是很陌生的。经过了这将近一个学期的时间，我从对论文一无所这，到现在已经写出了属于自己的第一篇论文，从选题到找资料，再到论文撰写的过程，都让我受益匪浅。下面仅是我这半年来写论文的一些心得体会。在双学位论文布置后，我在较短的时间内把选题的方向确定下来，确定了写关于我国融资融券建设方面的问题。通过对网络上和书籍上的资料快速地、大量地阅读，在比较中来确定题目和论文初稿。在广泛地浏览阅读资料时，当遇到和自己所写内容相关的问题是就记下资料的纲目，记下资料中对自己影响最深刻的观点、论据、论证方法等，记下脑海中涌现的点滴体会。接着将阅读所得到的方方面面的内容，进行分类、排列、组合，从中寻找问题、发现问题，材料可按纲目分类，如分成：系统介绍有关问题研究发展概况的资料；对某一个问题研究情况的资料；对同一问题几种不同观点的资料；对某一问题研究最新的资料和成果等等。最后将自己在研究学习中的体会与资料分别加以比较，找出哪些体会在资料中没有或部分没有；哪些体会虽然资料已有，但自己对此有不同看法；哪些体会和资料是基本一致的；哪些体会是在资料基础上的深化和发挥等等。经过几番深思熟虑的思考过程，就容易萌生自己的想法。把这种想法及时捕捉住，再作进一步的思考，论文写起来也会比较得心应手。
（四）经营品种单一，缺乏金融创新 目前，国内银行功能都过于单一，一味注重传统资产负债业务，中间业务发展滞后。虽然在业务品种范围较之改革前有了明显的扩大，但还是缺乏创新。很多机构传统的业务仍停留在相当级、粗放的状态下。当前，各商业银行要在保证风险的情况下搞创新是必然趋势，否则终将被社会所淘汰。 二、 面对金融全球化，中国银行业要做好充分准备，力争在国内外市场立于不败之地 （一） 改变观念，保持存款适度增长 存款不是银行的本质特征，从整个经济运行环境来看，只有适度合理的增长才能与经济发展相适应。首先，各商业银行要及时转变观念，变“存款立行”为“效益立行”，在增强银行实力过程中，应以利润作为主要考核指标，禁止下达硬性存款考核指标，但也不能忽视存款，要将存款数量与质量一起抓。其次，要在信贷管理方面加大力度，把信贷管理工作从实质上提高到银行经营管理中心地位上来，充分体现赢利对银行生存发展的重要性。最后，各商业银行可以通过扩大业务范围，提供多种融资服务诸如大力开展房屋按揭贷款、高档耐用消费口信贷等方式以缓和储蓄的增长与社会经济总循环的矛盾，保持金融与整个国民经济的均衡。 （二） 加强信贷资产风险管理，做好银行体系不良资产的处理 商业银行贷款风险的形成有其历史的和社会的原困，也有自身管理不善的因素。当务之急是必须尽快建立健全科学的贷款风险管理体系，实现贷款的安全性、流动性和效益性。 首先，要重点落实贷款“三查”制度和统一授信制度，强化贷款风险的事前、事中和事后控制。各商业银行应及时准确地分析客观环境的变化，使信贷资金的投向、投量随着客观情况的变化而变化。要综合企业领导素质、经济实力、信誉状况等各种指标确定企业的信用等级。在贷款发放前通过对借款企业进行信用等级的评估并对有关资料进行收集、整理、分析和判断，通过量化方式测算企业信用对贷款风险的影响。尽量避免对信用等级低于贷款标准的企业给予贷款。而且要根据资信等级对贷款企业进行统一授信，将贷款总额确定在可控范围之内。同时要做好贷时审查工作，落实审贷分离制度，对贷款风险度进行验证，以确定贷款方式、额度等具体事项，审查贷款的基本情况，最后由决策部门审批。最后还应把好事后检查关，这也是至关重要的一个环节，要及时监测贷款资产质量的变化；加强对贷款使用状况的监督。定期对其进行测算和分析，可借助电子计算机系统对贷款全过程实行风险预警，确定风险度。 其次，建立贷款风险分散机制和风险救助机制也是防范风险，减少损失的关键所在。根据风险分散的原理，实行贷款方式多样化，合理控制信用贷款的范围、数量，扩大贴现、抵押、担保贷款和其他风险相对较小的贷款种类。限制贷款的集中程度，控制同一主体贷款比重，对于大额的贷款可通过银团贷款等方式，以达到分散贷款风险的目的。此外，还可以与企业进行协商，要求其办理财产保险，以便转嫁风险。虽然商业银行可以通过各种办法控制、分散、转嫁风险，但不可完全避免损失的产生。所以建立一套贷款风险救助机制还是必要的。可运用法律手段对责任人提出财产清理诉讼，挽回部分损失，还可以通过建立风险基金等办法提取一定比例利润，作为风险基金，用于弥补贷款坏帐损失。 最后，商业银行应加强内部审计与监督，强化稽核内控制度，加强信贷队伍政治思想素质和业务素质的建设，进一步提高现有信贷人员思想觉悟和严把人员关，杜绝人为因素造成的损失。加强金融监管体系的建设，推行金融监管手段法制化，尽可能降低金融风险。 各商业银行在做好风险管理的同时，还要及时清理遗留的不良资产。将其控制在一定的额度之内。对不良资产和健康资产实行分账管理，将分离出来的不良资产通过法律手段进行清收，对确实无法收回的，可运用市场化的手段如拍卖资产，更换经营管理人员，另组公司进行运营，剥离给专业金融资产管理公司等方法予以化解和处理。另外商业银行也可主动参与企业改制，帮助企业改善经营状况，提高效益，力求保全信贷资产。 （三）狠抓软硬件建设，积极发展现有业务，努力开拓新兴业务 一流的技术装备加上一流的人员是商业银行提高经营能力和竞争能力所必备的条件。国外一些著名大银行常通过安排员工轮岗训练或派驻海外机构工作等方式，以拓宽员工的知识面和视野，培养他们的创造力。我们可以借鉴他们的先进做法给合自身实际大力推进员工队伍素质建设，严禁无证人员上岗，并可通过建立一套激励型的劳动人事制度，从员工的录用、培训、考核、收入分配、职务晋升等方面进行全面改革，让忠诚能干的员工得到充分施展才华的机会。加强对员工思想政治教育、法律知识的学习，切实增强员工遵纪守法观念，避免违法乱纪事件发生，使每个员工以为银行做出贡献与实现自我价值紧密结合起来，激励全体员工倾心敬业。 各商业银行还要把更新技术装备作为一个战略性问题来对待，加快计算机网络的建设，更新办公室设施，改善营业环境，使软硬件同步发展，为客户提供一套高效运作机制。 面对目前过于单一的银行功能，在全新的国内外经济金融背景下，积极致力于金融创新是我国商业银行改革与发展的现实选择。按市场经济法则和现代商业银运作规则，在有效控制风险基础上，进行业务创新，提升商业银行的社会化服务功能，增进效率。首先就要对传统的存贷款业务进行创新。不断提高存款业务的科技含量，开发多功能银行卡，借助先进的科技手段大力发展自助银行、电话银行、网上银行业务，利用覆盖全球的ＧＭＳ网络实现在手机中完成账户查询、转账、缴费等各类理财功能，发展和完善ＡＴＭ、ＰＯＳ和电子转账业务；积极开拓信贷业务，大力发展银团贷款、并购贷款（为企业兼并、收购等资本活动提供贷款）等新兴业务，加大非信贷领域如购买企业债券、国债的投资力度；改革传统结算业务，变坐等客户为主动上门服务，在大企业设立资金清算中心，建立流动资金结算中心，开通对公业务通存通兑，使客户办理结算、查询等业务更加方便、快捷。大力推行代理业务、管理业务、委托业务等传统中间业务，积极开拓新兴中间业务，例如可为企业制定改革方案，设计更为合理的股本结构，为企业购并、资产重组策划，利用自身的信誉、技术和雄厚的研究力量为企业和社会提供投资咨询服务等等。 金融全球化是世界经济发展的一个必然趋势，而我国的银行也将面对更加广阔的市场，同时也面临着国内外各种力量的挑战，认清自我、改造自我、创新自我，才能立足于世界金融大舞台。
【 #英国留学# 导语】选择了英国的留学生，很多都是因为它在留学上有非常好的环境，学制也不长。下面是 分享的留学英国读金融专业就业方向。欢迎阅读参考！ 留学英国读金融专业就业方向 1、商业银行 商业银行包括四大行和股份制商行、城市商业银行、外资银行驻国内分支机构。首先进入国有四大商业银行是毕业生一个很好的选择，因为具备一定的银行业从业经验、专业背景，再到股份制商行或外资银行驻华机构的可能性会增大。 城市商行、股份制商行灵活务实，建议对四大国有商行感兴趣的同学可以把专业方向集中在商业银行经营管理、国际金融、货币政策等方向。 2、保险公司 保险公司可以参照对商业银行的分析，有保险营销、风险管理经验之后，在国内股份制保险机构迅速成长、外资保险机构进入的契机下，还是大有可为的。保险精算专业是很吃香。 3、学术研究 政府行政机构如财政、审计、海关部门等，高等院校的金融财政专业教师，研究机构的研究人员。 一般来说，高校、研究所是有志于做学术的同学的首选。 4、监督管理机构 进入行业监督管理部门，对于金融研究生而言应是首选。金融学是立足于宏观经济学，基于金融市场宏观调控，专业应用较易入手。 5、政策性银行 政策性银行如开发行、农发行亦是较佳选择。但工作性质类似公务员，金融业务并不突出，是靠政策吃饭的地方。 6、金融公司 证券、信托、基金这三家存在行业系统风险因素，短期回报较高但同时风险也大。如果想在专业方面有所发展，有所建树，在这一行业做是极佳选择，很多基金经理、投资银行经理人员都年薪过百万。 同学可以选择证券投资、金融市场、金融工程专业方向，如果是学财务管理、法律硕士专业(本科如果是金融经济专业)的，也是不错的选择。 7、资产管理公司 四大资产管理公司类似于政策性银行，目前其设立之初的目的和作用在逐渐消退。金融租赁、担保这个行业发展迅速，可以考虑进入。 当然，如果有在银行、证券的从业经历，进入到这个行业中会更有作为。扩展阅读：英国留学院校考核方式 一、作业（Assignment） 在英国读书，也是会安排作业的，在完成了单堂课的学习之后，大部分老师都会布置下课后的作业，读学生的学习情况进行巩固和考核，是需要大家在课堂上认真的听讲的。 而且每一次考核的分数，都会算到最终的考核测评分数中，大概会占到10%-20%的比例，所以千万不要忽视了作业的作用，而且也千万不要缺课逃课，随堂的作业也是有可能会出现的。 二、演讲（Presentation） 为了增加师生之间的互动，以及学生之间的合作，还会安排一定的演讲活动，需要个人或者小组进行探讨的展示，除了要展示自己的讨论结果之外，还需要接受老师的问题问询。 三、论文（Essay） 包括课程上完之后的论文作业，一般是规模较小的论文，只需要2000字左右，完成一个小论题的阐述，需要做到细致而且完善，能够自圆其说，同样会占到后续考核的分数比例。 然后是阶段课程完成之后的学年论文，这部分需要大家在导师的指导下进行，要先选导师然后确定题目，一般范围会比较大，要求大家完成一篇5000字左右的论文，需要话比较长的时间。 四、考试（Exam） 纸质的考试依旧还是目前阶段考核的主要形式，也是大家GPA成绩的直接来源，在基础的课程完成了之后，就会安排考试时间，考试周一般在三到五天，大家需要提前进行准备。 而形式则是由老师出题，大家在半封闭的教室内进行考试，时间会固定，答完题之后收卷由老师进行评分，分数会在之后进行统一的公示，而题目有选择、简答等不同的形式。 五、专题研究（Project） 紧接着就是非常规的研究，这部分一般是由导师安排的项目，属于选修和加分项，并不要求所有的学生参加，而且如果没有特殊表现也不会对考核产生很大影响，但是对动手能力有很好的提升作用。扩展阅读：英国留学出行方式盘点 一、步行 在住宿周边或者学校附近散步的话，直接步行会更加方便一些，一般都会有比较多的店铺可以逛，不一定非要买东西，熟悉周边的环境，已被后面生活中的不时之需。 作为行人，还需要了解本地的基本交通规则，除了特别繁忙的交通路段，大部分的地方的红绿灯，都是会有手动装置的，大家要过马路的话，直接按下Pelican Crossing，等会变绿直接通行。 二、自行车/小汽车 而大部分的学生，都会自己购买一辆自行车作为代步的工具，平时购物或者和朋友出门，可以相约一起骑车，既方便又省钱，还非常的灵活，一般购买二手的就够用了，毕业的时候还可以卖出去。 如果家庭的经济条件比较好，本人的留学预算也比较高的话，可以考虑买一辆小汽车，在这里买车和保养的成本是比较低的，比国内的选择还会多，有了自己的车之后，出行会更方便。 三、公交/地铁 当然更省事儿的短途出行的方式，还是公共类的交通工具，大家可以使用自己的学生身份，办理专属的交通卡，每次乘坐都可以享受折扣的优惠，大家每个月的开销也可以保持在一个稳定的范围内。 其中公交是地上的主要交通方式，路线多而且站点多，大家在乘坐的同时，还可以看看周围风景；地铁是地下的交通，拥有速度快而且不受交通情况影响的特点。 四、巴士/火车 而大家出远门的话，则可以选择巴士和火车，购票是比较随意的，因为英国本地的人不多，所以基本上不会出现满员的情况，大家可以临时购票也不会影响出行。 火车会有专门的青年卡，是可以打折的优惠卡，大家买票的时候输入相关编号或者进行出示，能够享受折扣，不同的和时间折扣会有差异，整体上也是可以省钱的。
这儿有。
毕业论文本科范文示例：
国民财富的定义。
英国剑桥大学的著名经济学家帕瑟达斯古柏塔（Parthas Dasgupta）教授认为，如果在任意一个时间点，社会福利不下降的话，发展的道路是可持续的。
这样的阐述体现了可持续发展所包含的代际公平内涵，即在谋求当代福利提高的同时，也不应损害未来人们谋求这种福利的能力。当前的国民财富存量被认为是未来消费的现值，也是未来社会福利实现的基础。
由此可见，可持续发展就是创造、保持和管理财富的过程。这样可持续发展与财富之间的关系就明确了：为了实现可持续发展就必须保持财富存量不减少，即要求当期的财富流量不能为负，在特定阶段，一国可持续发展应表现为其国家财富的非负增长。
毕业论文注意事项：
由于可持续发展强调社会、经济、自然环境3个系统之间的相互协调，因此，财富不应仅限于经济学的经济资产，应全面包括自然方面、人力方面和社会方面。因此，世界银行有关专家认为，国家财富应是一国所拥有的生产资产、自然资产、人力资源和社会资本的总和。
内容摘要：金融监管采用何种模式，主要取决于不同国家的政治、经济、金融、立法的历史背景。目前，各国金融监管模式主要有四种模式:一是，欧洲中央银行成立后，欧元区国家中己有多半国家将银行监管从央行中分离出来。二是，英国、日本、瑞典、丹麦、澳大利亚将银行、证券、保险监管统一于单一的金融监管机构。三是，美国由美联储作为伞式监管者，负责监管混业经营的金融控股公司，银行、证券、保险分别由其他监管部门分别监管。四是，许多发展中国家仍由中央银行同时负责货币政策和金融监管。但从总的来说，越来越多的国家金融监管采用了与央行货币政策职能相分离的模式。从这种意义上讲，我国成立单独的银行监管机构，符合我国金融改革发展的实际情况，符合国际上银行监管的总趋势。 我国目前采取的分业经营，分业监管的金融经营和监管模式是符合我国金融业目前的经营管理现状的。但在世界金融混业经营大势所趋的今天，我国金融业如何面对国际化的竞争和挑战?我国金融业的经营和监管制度是否符合我国经济和金融业的长期发展?金融监管的发展趋势何在?本文将分五章对此进行探讨:其中前四章是金融监管模式的理论和趋势分析，后一章讲述的是我国金融监管的现状和改革方向。 通过本文，可以看出没有一个“最理想监管模式”可在全球适用。必须承认不同国家现行的监管体制都存在不同程度的问题，而且最适宜的监管体制及结构也并非固定不变的，而应随经济和社会的发展不断改革和完善。 关键词: 金融风险 金融监管模式 分业监管 统一监管 不完全统一监管 希望采纳