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科研工作的日常就是大量阅读外文文献，做研究的前提就是要先了解国际前沿，既为自己的研究论证，也积累学科相关知识。但有时候，面对海量的文献信息往往会感觉无从下手，有时候我也会找翻译公司，比如北京译顶科技。
完全一篇的翻译不行的。需要多找材料，整合翻译，加上自己的思路和解析。
文章中加上索引序号，文后依序号依次列出相应引用的文献。
最好 注明文章的出处还有writer's translation
不会，自己翻译的就是自己的劳动成果，之前我盆友写论文资料找的都是国外的，把英文翻译成中文的，那就是自己的东西。不算抄袭~只要你自己翻译的，怎么可能跟别人重复呢~对吧~
毕业设计翻译英文文献有中文原文的话，您可以通过自己的是相关话术避免到知网查重。知网查重在知网查重文章是使用索引进行分章的，假如不索引如期刊文章等，直接合在一章中进行知网查重，按照分章的各异再按照上传的word文字的每一段的分段以每一段单位与论文数据库内包含的文章进行对比。前面讲到的章节阀值知网查重规定下，假如连续有13个中文字或许以上几点的相似文本就基本上会被判定为抄袭。中国知网官方不对单个敞开，只给高等学校选用。同学们自己是不能够自己到知网去知网查重结业论文的，只能够依据第三方知网查重官网进行。除此拍拍也不得兜销中国知网查重。因而只只可以到图书室查重，又或许到一些自助知网查重网站如：PaperPP，万方，维普等，这些知网自助查重网站依据知网账号运用技术手段直连我国知网官网，无缝对接，知网结业论文查重的所需价钱也极其实在！全部过程自己操作知网查重，安全，精确！
直接的反抄袭软件应该查不出来。但是如果审查人看过原书，或者后来书作者找到了你的毕业论文，你就自求多福吧。。。
你好，是研究生论文还是本科生论文？是抄了一大部分还是一小部分。我认为应该用自己的语言表述。在加点其他人的。一定不能大段原封不动的抄。 如果在加点自己的评述就更好了。
AbstractWith the development of market economy and globalization, the increasingly fierce market competition, the cable market competition has become fierce. In order to enable the company to better respond to the market competition and the change of the environment of enterprises, to develop an appropriate marketing strategy made reference to the company, is the core problem to be solved in this paper. This paper uses the method of theory with practice, based on the theory described the status quo, Renaissance, the existing problems and corresponding countermeasures. And by using the SWOT analysis method to make a comprehensive analysis of the company, the advantages include: company engaged in cable industry for many years with rich experience, and has a lot of fixed customers, cable industry technology is mature, for management and R & D investment cost is low; the disadvantages include: using the traditional marketing methods, marketing specialist most of the company 's cooperation, the company lacks the internal company salesman, the resulting problems is produced; opportunities mainly include: China's economic system reform further deepening, the power industry to further increase investment, the development of the demand of cable increases; threat: the competitiveness of the industry is more and more strong, the product quality requirements more and more high, enhance the bargaining power of customers; finally, based on the market positioning of the Renaissance, with 4Ps as the main line, the development of the company's product strategy, price strategy, promotion strategy and distribution strategy, and put this as a long-term goal of marketing. In order to effectively guarantee the effective implementation of marketing planning, this paper also put forward the implementation of effective measures for : SWOT analysis, marketing strategy, marketing planning
……（前文）没有时间延迟。在飞秒泵浦探测实验中，一束超快的激光脉冲触发一个回馈反应，而第二段激光脉冲就记录下来这一反应。通过调节泵浦脉冲相应的探测脉冲的到达时间，刺激过程就能及时完成。通常，探测脉冲相比泵浦脉冲都会延后一个机械延迟式。虽然这种方法在过去几十年中已经被广泛使用，但是其还是存在明显的缺点。
这些缺点可以被克服，通过使用近似同步且稳定了脉冲重复率的两束激光。这种省去了机械延迟式的方法就是所谓的异步光采样(ASOPS)。10纳秒采样100次的精度可以达到了。接下来，我们将解释、表征这一方法，同时举出一些应用和实验结果的例子。门洛帕克系统，高精密计量仪器的领先开发商和全球供应商，2001年作为分拆的马克斯 - 普朗克量子光学研究所而成立。因有光频梳技术获诺贝尔奖而闻名，这家总部在慕尼黑的公司为超快激光器和电子同步在工业和研究中的应用提供了完整的解决方案。我们的所有产品都秉着精益求精的标准来加工。我们认为，产品精良、倾听顾客和快速有效的生产方式是相辅相成的。
脉冲续时越来越短的飞秒（一飞秒=十的负十五次方秒）激光使得测量这一时间尺度上的极快的动力学样本成为了可能。在极快时间分辨率的光谱分析中，回馈反应是由飞秒激光（又被叫做泵浦脉冲）来触发的。第二段激光，称作探测激光，是用来探测样本性质的变化（例如：吸收，反射，荧光等）的。通过调节泵浦脉冲相应的探测脉冲的到达时间，刺激过程就能及时完成。 [A. Zewail,诺贝尔讲座, 1999]以这种方式，样本中的过程就能以激光脉冲持续时间的时间分辨率被探测到。
通常，在飞秒泵浦探测实验中，泵浦脉冲和探测脉冲都是以把每个输出脉冲分成两个单独脉冲的方式从同一束激光中分离出来的。探测脉冲相比泵浦脉冲都会延后一个机械延迟式。 [见J-C. Diels, ,等的《超短激光脉冲现象》, 学术出版社, Elsevier]
近二十年来，以振动为主要原因造成的恶性事故相继发生，给国家造成了巨大经济损失。而且，振动问题目前仍是新投运大机组不能按期并网、正常投运的主要原因，在机组正常运行期间，振动问题连续不断，影响到正常生产，经常出现机组减负荷和带病运行的情况，甚至使机组被迫停机处理，这些事故屡见不鲜。本系统基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件平台，对汽轮机振动信号进行读取加窗，并进行谱分析及自相关分析。LabVIEW虚拟仪器就是在以通用计算机为核心的硬件平台上，由用户设计定义、具有虚拟前面板、测试功能由测试软件实现的一种计算机仪器系统。本系统主要完成了对汽轮机振动信号进行读取，对信号进行矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗的加窗选择，然后分别进行信号的幅值谱、功率谱、相位谱分析及自相关分析，并且具有图形操作及显示界面。系统运行结果证明，本系统能够完成对信号的读取，并进行三种窗函数及各种分析的动态选择，并用图形显示结果。Over the last 20 years, mainly due to the vibration caused by the fatal accidents occurred one after another, inflicting huge economic losses. Furthermore, the vibration is still new to large units shipped impossible grid, the normal operation for the main the crew during normal operations, continuous vibration problems affecting the normal production, Units often reduced load and operation of the sick, and even the unit was forced to stand, these incidents not uncommon. The system based on LabVIEW virtual instrument software platform for turbine vibration signal window read, and spectral analysis and correlation analysis. LabVIEW virtual instrument is a common core of computer hardware platform, defined by the user, with virtual front panel, the test function test software from a computer equipment system. The system completed the turbine vibration signal read, the signal rectangular window Hanning, Hamming window window choice, and then the signal amplitude spectrum, power spectrum and phase spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and operating with graphics and display interface. The result of running the system proved that the system can accomplish the signal read, and three window function and the dynamic analysis of the various options and graphical display with the results.专业前景 本专业以工程热物理学科为主要理论基础，以内燃机和正在发展中的其它新型动力机械及系统为研究对象，运用工程力学、机械工程学、自动控制、计算机、环境科学、微电子技术等学科的知识和内容，研究如何把燃料的化学能和液体的动能安全、高效、低（或无）污染地转换成动力的基本规律和过程，研究转换过程中的系统和设备的自动控制技术。随着常规能源的日渐短缺，人类环境保护意识的不断增强，节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务，在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用，在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。 培养目标 本专业方向培养具备热能与动力工程专业方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，能在国民经济各部门从事热力发动机和其它新型动力机械及设备的设计、制造、管理、教学和科研等方面的高级工程技术人才。 培养特色 本专业在加强学生基础理论和综合素质教育的同时，加强计算机及自动控制技术的应用，强化专业实践教学，注重全能训练，全面提高学生的实践动手能力和科学研究潜力，使毕业生具有较强的择业竞争能力和较宽的就业适应能力。 主干课程 机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、理论力学、材料力学、工程材料、电工技术、电子技术、计算机软件基础、液压技术、液力传动、内燃机构造、内燃机原理、内燃机设计、内燃机试验、发动机电子技术、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、自动控制理论、现代测试技术等。 就业方向 毕业后可从事能源与动力设备的行政管理、内燃机及新型动力设备的开发研制、内燃机排放控制、新能源利用、汽车工业、兵器工业、环保工业、交通运输业、船舶、电力、航空宇航工业等方面的工作。The prospect of major works of the major hot in physics as the main theoretical basis to the internal combustion engine and the other is the development of new machinery and power systems for the study, the use of engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, automation, computers, environmental science, microelectronics technology disciplines, such as content knowledge and to study how the chemical energy of fuel and liquid kinetic energy security, high-performance, low (or none) of pollution to the power into the basic law and the process of research in the conversion process of the automatic control systems and equipment technology . With the growing shortage of conventional energy, human the growing awareness of environmental protection, energy saving, high efficiency, reduce or eliminate polluting emissions, the development of new energy and other renewable sources of energy has become an important task for the subjects in the energy, transportation, automotive, ships, electricity, aviation aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering and environmental science in many fields such as access to more and more widely used, the department in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. Cultivate cultivate goal with the direction of the major thermal power projects with the major aspects of the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, to engage in various departments in the national economy and other heat engines power the new machinery and equipment design, manufacture, management, teaching and scientific research aspects of advanced engineering and technical personnel. Cultivate major characteristics of the students in strengthening the basic theory and the overall quality of education, to strengthen the computer and automatic control technology, and strengthen the teaching of professional practice, pay attention to all the training, students enhance the practice of comprehensive practical ability and scientific research potential, so that graduates have strong competitiveness and a wide choice of employment adaptability. Mechanical Drawing trunk curriculum, mechanical principles, mechanical design, theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering materials, electrical technology, electronics technology, computer software foundation, hydraulic technology, hydraulic transmission, the internal combustion engine structure, the principle of internal combustion engines, internal combustion engine design, the internal combustion engine testing, engine electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, automatic control theory, modern test technology. Employment after graduation can be engaged in the direction of energy and power equipment, administration, internal combustion engines and new development of power equipment, internal combustion engine emission control, new energy use, the auto industry, the weapons industry, industrial environmental protection, transport, shipping, electricity, air space industrial vehicles are not the only air polluters. Coal and oil, used to heat homes and factories and to generate electricity, contain small amounts of sulfur. When the fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide, a poisonous gas, is produced. It is irritating to the lungs. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil to be burned only if their sulfur content is low.汽车不是唯一的空气污染。煤炭和石油，用于家庭取暖和工厂，并产生电力，含有少量的硫。当燃料燃烧，二氧化硫，一种有毒气体，就产生了。它是刺激到肺部。一些城市已通过法律，允许煤炭和石油只有在其被烧毁硫含量低。Most electricity is generated by steam turbines. About half of the sulfur dioxide in the air comes from burning fuel to make steam. Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, so there is no air pollution of the ordinary kind. But the radioactive materials in these plants could present a danger in an accident. Also, there is a problem in disposing of the radioactive wastes in a way that will not endanger the environment.大部分电力是由蒸汽涡轮机。关于空气中的二氧化硫，使蒸汽一半来自燃料燃烧。核电厂不烧燃料，所以不存在的那种普通的空气污染。但是，在这些植物的放射性物质可能会提出一个意外的危险。此外，还有一个在放射性废物处置的方式，不会危害环境的问题。Another type of pollution, called thermal (heat) pollution, is caused by both the fuel-burning and nuclear plants. Both need huge amounts of cold water, which is warmed as it cools the steam. When it is returned to the river, the warm water may stimulate the growth of weeds. It may also kill fish and their eggs, or interfere with their growth.另一种污染类型，称为热（热）污染，是造成双方的燃料燃烧和核电厂。双方都需要的冷水，这是温暖，因为它大量的蒸汽冷却。当返回到河边，温暖的水会刺激杂草生长。它也可以杀死鱼，它们的卵，或干扰他们的成长。Physicists are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.物理学家们正在研究发电对环境损害较小的新方法。与此同时，许多发电厂也在实现现代化以减少污染物质。此外，工程师们尝试设计并找到对环境的损害最小的新的发电厂。Thermal energy and power engineeringThis program is to cultivate both master thermal energy and power engineering professional basic theoretical knowledge, computing skills, but also the ability in various forms of generating power plant, refrigeration and air conditioning, new energy related fields in need of economic management knowledge and ability, can be engaged in the electric power industry related to areas of science and technology application, research, development and management of a senior talents. According to the national construction and talents needs, set up the professional direction includes: thermal power engineering, power plant set control operation, refrigeration and air conditioning engineering, gas power engineering, advanced energy engineering courses: theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, heat transfer, turbine principle, boiler principle, thermal power plants, the pump and fan, automatic control theory, motor learning, circuit theory, the control system, unit unit operation principle, thermal process detection technology, engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, electrician technical basis, electronic technology base, refrigeration and cryogenic principle, refrigeration compressor, refrigeration automation and testing technology, gas turbine principle, gas gas-steam combined cycle power plant, gas turbine combined-cyde operation and maintenance, nuclear reactor theoretical basis, nuclear system and the maintenance, the PWR nuclear power plant system and equipment, wind power generation principle, professional place to go: large-scale modernized electric power enterprise, power equipment manufacturing enterprises and energy class enterprise engaged in production, operation and management work, Government departments at all levels and institution engaged in energy, power, energy saving, environmental planning, design, construction, operation, consultation and supervision work; etc. Research institutes, universities in energy and power related research and development, teaching, management, etc.
问题一：什么样的论文需要写英文摘要 是否要写英文摘要，要看论文发表的杂志级别。一般说来，国家级的、省级的、市级的专业杂志发表的论文都需要英文摘要。只不过，市级以下级别的杂志有些混乱，原因是有些杂志为了抬高地位或是其他原因，故意而为。所以，要不要英文摘要，还要以杂志编辑部要求为准。大学生毕业生的毕业论文，则依据学院的要求。 问题二：请问大家，论文的英文摘要应该放在论文的哪个部分？ 如果你写的是中文论文并附有英文摘要的话，应该是将英文摘要附在论文的最后。最直接的办法是找到你论文要发表的杂志，看看杂志上的格式是否是这样。 问题三：毕业论文英文摘要去哪儿可以查到 基本都是自己写的摘要通过翻译直接就是英文摘要，摘要不作为复查比项目，可以放心措辞。特殊专业的英文摘要一般师兄会给，自己要找的话，学校内部网有国外论文资料。 问题四：毕业论文中英文摘要必须在同一页上吗？ 看要求了。如果没有明确亥要求，先中文摘要、关键词，再英文摘要、关键词，按正常的往下排即可，不用管放在哪一页。 如果有要求，就要分页了。 问题五：论文中文摘要和英文摘要是在同一页上还是分开在两页上？ 大部分的英文论文都不是在一页上的，中文摘要在前，英文摘要在结尾 问题六：论文摘要如何翻译成英文 在2010版的word内就有这个功能。（选中要翻译的文字，点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项，点击“翻译”，选择英文翻译，再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具，直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻： The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a plex issue, market-oriented工economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has bee China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, the authenticity of the principle of different, accounting sound principle and tax payments to determine the difference in accounting importance of the principles and tax legal principle and the accounting and tax 。differences on the substance over form understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the accrual basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces. 问题七：论文自动生成目录中英文摘要变成大写怎么都弄不成小写怎么办 论文自动生成目录中英文摘要本来就应该是大写 问题八：论文英文摘要是中文摘要的翻译版吗？ 大多是互译的，也可以得不一样，但中心要是一样的，毕竟论文是一份。所以表达的意思是一个。当然不一定要一次一句的翻译。。。 问题九：发表论文要不要写英文摘要 一般来说，要求不严的省级刊物可以不要求中文摘要关键词、参考文献 要求严格的省级刊物，都要求这些内容必备埂国家级刊物，要求不严格的，可以只有中文摘要和参考文献，不需要英文摘要和关键词 要求严格的国家级刊物，要求中英文摘要和关键词、参考文献 核心刊物，基本上全都要求具备这些资料，不需要的很少。
这样查重时候应该不会算在重复率里面了，但是目前不少中文文章都是从英文翻译过来的，所以你在翻译回去虽然不会产生重复，但是有的观点就没有新意了，论文主审老师若是和你的论文研究方向一致应该很容易看出来你的文章是不是有大篇幅参考他人的文章。文章在中英文之间多翻译几次就肯定看不出原样了。
最好 注明文章的出处还有writer's translation
完全一篇的翻译不行的。需要多找材料，整合翻译，加上自己的思路和解析。
一般本科论文都是这么写的，老师也都清楚的很。本科水平，有几个人能自己写出来内容的。你放心吧，只要都是你自己翻译过来的，检测系统是检测不出来的
多的话算，几句不算。如果这几句话家喻户晓，就引用吧。
没有个人观点，那你论什么啊？就是写综述，也要写出自己的思路来。
文章中加上索引序号，文后依序号依次列出相应引用的文献。
话说你论文过了吗 已经一年了