发布时间：
英语论文怎么写如下：
(说明:关键词Key Words为加粗。冒号后加空格再接关键词,相邻词间用逗号分隔。每个关键词.的首字大写。从"摘要”开始到”参考文献”结束，所有正文的字体均为Times New Roman， 12磅;两端对齐。均采用倍行距)
范例：Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is
closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years,
idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, butcultural differences were rarely involved in it.(ldentify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese- English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle
of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom
translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
英语议论文写作是英语专业学习者学习中很重要的一项技能，恰当运用评价资源能增强作者表达对事件的态度和立场，开启话题，可以感染和说服读者。以下是我为大家整理的关于英语议论文范文，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!
英语议论文范文篇1
My opinion on copying others' homework
It is konwn to us all that some students copy others' homework,their reasons are as below:first of all,the homework is too much and always difficult;the second,they are not intrested in the lessons;and the third,the aim of finishing their homework is to please the teacher.
In my opinion,copying others' homework is not good,because it's against the rules of the should be honest and work hard to get high we have difficulties,we can even ask the teacher or our classmates for their help.
英语议论文范文篇2
Now it is common that students copy homework from their classmates. I think it is a terrible thing . Because homework is their own task and the check for what they learn in class.
If they copy others' homework , the teachers won't get the fact so they can't help the students to improve. Besides ,if the students can't finish their homework, they can't get the chance to go over their lessons so they can't make progress. So don't copy others' homework.
英语议论文范文篇3
In the picture we can see that a man is fishing attentively by the him there is a scholar who is stealing the fish in the man’s is obvious that the drawer of the picture tries to reveal a serious problemin the academic circle of our country — plagiarism. In recent years academiccheats have become rampant. Quite a lot of graduate students and scholars“use” others’ ideas, articles and papers without acknowledging the sourceof information.
They copy them without the fear that they might be a long time we paid less attention to the problem of plagiarism, butnow we are increasingly aware of its negative effects. Plagiarists’misconduct simply mean “stealing” others’ intellectual and academicaccomplishments, which not only depreciates their own humanity but contaminatesthe climate of the academic circle. Academic falsification is like an epidemicdisease that spreads fast and will destroy the healthy development of academicstudies. What’s worse, these plagiarists have set a very disreputable exampleto the younger generation.
So what attitude should we hold towards it? From my point of view, weshould resolutely battle against this ill phenomenon. Education of moralityshould be strengthened among the scholars and students. Those who steal others’academic achievements should be given severe punishment whenever they arespotted. If necessary, we can resort to the law to protect the interest of theoriginal writer and inventor. We must recognize that fighting againstplagiarism requires our persistent efforts.
翻译
在画中我们可以看到一位男子正在专心地在湖边钓鱼，在他身后有一位学者模样的人正从钓鱼人的鱼桶中偷鱼。显然，作这幅画的人是想揭示我国学术界的一个严重的问题—— 剽窃。近年来学术欺诈盛行，有不少研究生、学者“利用”别人的想法、文章和论文而不注明信息来源。
他们抄袭他人作品，不怕被抓。对剽窃问题很长时间以来我们关注甚少，现在我们越来越多地意识到它的负面影响。剽窃行为其实就是“偷”他人的知识和学术成就。剽窃不仅贬低人格，而且污染学术风气，它会像传染病那样迅速蔓延，破坏学术研究的健康发展。更糟的是，这些剽窃者给年轻的一代树立了坏榜样。
英语论文大致的写作结构如下：
gavin7991 - 举人 四级 说的很详细，但更加简洁明了的说法是：硕士论文用thesis，eg. MA thesis (文学硕士论文），博士论文用dissertation, 学期论文或发表的文章可用paper，essay指篇幅较短小的文章，相当于作文类或散文类
“毕业论文”用英文怎么说？ Graduation thesis 毕业论文 用英语怎么说？ Graduation thesis 期末论文用英语怎么说？ 期末论文: Final paper毕业论文用英语怎么说 一般用thesis 博士论文dissertation "结业论文" 用英语怎么说？ 直接翻译的话就是graduation p亥per,平时我们也常用academic research paper. 论文里面英文翻译的论怎么翻译，比如论什么什么？这里的论怎么翻译？？ Discussion on....或者Study on... 如： 论当代中国农民的平等权利。 Study on equal rights of peasants in china today. 浅谈日本、韩国、中国大陆、台湾小学实施英语教育的现况 Discussion on current implementation of english education罚in japan, korea, china and *** . 发表论文用英语怎么说 推荐用一般过去式（时） I published the paper/article/essay(推荐前2者) entitled(提名为) *** in the journal/periodical(2选1) ***. 其中，两部分***都需斜体表示（张伶俐无法显示） 供参 我想问一下，毕业论文后面写的已发表论文，状态里面，英文怎么表达？比如Accepted 等等。 10分 submitted: 就是这篇文章已经提交给期刊，但还没有得到任何答复，还完全有被拒收的可能； under review: 就是文章进入评审阶段，一般提交给期刊的文章先要经过期刊助手对文章结构，字数等技术性检查，合格的话才送交主编，由主编邀请评审专家初审。under review 表明主编已经将论文送审了，结果仍未知； major revision: 文章需要大改，一般情况下如果（2-3位中）1位评审专家对文章提出一些尖锐、负面的意见，而另几位的意见比较正面，则主编往往会要求作者进行大改动；至此，文章还是有被接受的可能，但要看改动后的文章是否让评审专家或主编满意； minor revision: 小改动，至此文章被接受的可能已经达90%，只需要对文中小的差错进行修改即可接受； accepted：完全接受，但离出版印刷发行还有段时间； early online (or online ready):已经完全定型的文章还需要排队印刷发行，这个过程有的期刊会很长，1-2年，early online 或 online ready 就是先将文章在网上发布出来，供读者阅读。这时的文章 doi 号码已经有，也可以引用，但还没有正式的卷号，期号及页码； published: 最后印刷出版了 写论文 英语怎么说 write thesis 一般指毕业论文 论文比赛用英语怎么说 小型的论文比赛：Thesis Contest 贰术论坛：Academic Forum
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
thesis 论文 (一本， 如硕士，博士论文)。paper 文章(发表在杂志上的一篇 一篇的) ÄÕÂ
一、互动式教学对小学英语教育的重要性
互动式教学是一种新型的教学模式，是在教育改革中形成的全新模式，是把教育活动看成师生进行知识与知识的交往和沟通，把英语教学过程看成一种动态的相互影响相互活动的过程，在此过程中通过优化互动英语教学模式，即调节师生关系及其作用，以此来形成和谐的师生互动、学生与学生的互动、小学生个体与英语教学的互动，强化小学生与英语课堂的交互影响，以此产生英语教学共鸣，来提高英语教学效果，互动式教学在小学英语教学中不仅能够提升师生之间的情感，还提高英语教学的效率，从而提升我国小学英语的教育水平，为人才全面发展奠定坚实的基础。
二、现阶段小学英语教育课堂现状
（一）小学课堂上呈现应试教育
应试教育是为应付考试的教育模式，在此教育模式下，首先小学生、家长和教师对于英语成绩十分看重，而教师对于小学生则进行差别对待，对成绩优异的学生关爱有加，对成绩较差的学生不理不睬，其次大部分教师教学过程中受应试教育模式的影响，在英语教学时依旧运用传统的教学方法，照本宣读，为了教育进行教育，只对教材内容进行讲解，未曾进行创新，对于学习效果只一味的注重成绩，对小学生不注重培养自主学习能力，进行“保姆式”教学，从单词到英语作文，怎么学习一切由教师进行教育，对于小学生未进行自主思维模式的建立，使小学生对于英语逐渐失去兴趣。
（二）小学英语教学过程中师生缺乏互动
现阶段我国小学英语课堂教学上，英语教师往往进行传统教学模式，对学生进行“填鸭式”教学，在课堂教学过程中以自我为主体，忽略小学生由于年纪小不能跟上教师进度，把小学生当成教授对象，在教学过程中进行自我讲述，未曾对小学生进行英语学习积极引导，只是将小学生当成学生对待，未曾真正了解小学生对于英语真正的需求，师生之间缺乏互动，仅仅是课堂时间进行英语教学，因此使小学生对于英语逐渐失去兴趣，从而对以后的英语学习失去信心，违背了我国人才全面发展的理论［3］。
三、小学英语教学互动式教学在英语课堂中应用策略
（一）建立良好英语课堂教学模式，改善师生关系
目前各大小学校园积极响应国家号召，实施新型的教学模式，互动式教学在小学英语课堂上逐渐被应用，改变以往的英语课堂教学模式，将学生看为课堂主体，不再将小学生看为教授对象，将其当作自身的服务对象，对于英语教学内容进行积极引导，将小学生看做是平等的交流对象，与其进行互动，使小学生对于英语学习产生自己的思维模式，英语教师从旁进行引导，使师生围绕小学英语知识进行交流互动，将英语课堂建立成人人平等的学习环境，从而使小学生对于英语学习产生足够的热情，在英语学习过程中爱上英语，从而更加积极的去延伸课外英语知识，既锻炼自主学习能力，又提升英语成绩，从而导致我国互动式教学在小学英语教育中产生良好反应。
（二）利用多媒体技术，更好的进行师生互动
随着社会的不断发展，先进的科学技术对于教育影响深刻，将先进的科学技术运用到英语课堂教学中，不仅是教育模式上新的突破，还能在课堂教学中增强小学生的好奇心，从而对于英语学习更加感兴趣，在小学英语互动式教学中引用多媒体技术，使课堂气氛活跃，营造出轻松愉快的教学环境，其中多媒体动画英语教学更加详细的记录英语知识，对于教材中的英语情景进行完美演示，使小学生在观看动画中学习，不仅提升小学生英语水平，还促进师生间有效的互动，拉近师生间的距离，从而进一步提升互动式教学的教学质量。
四、结语
综上所述，互动式教学作为新型教学模式，不仅能提升师生之间的情感交流，还能使小学生对于英语学习产生积极性，因此现代小学英语教育应当广泛应用互动式教学模式，使英语教师改变应试教育带来的落后观念，从而对小学生进行更好的英语知识传播，要求英语教师要建立良好的互动式教学课堂模式，改善师生关系，利用多媒体技术，进行更好的互动，从而全面引导小学生进行自主英语学习，以此提升我国英语教学的整体水平。 【篇二】
【第一篇：小学英语兴趣教学优化】
摘要：
兴趣是基础，兴趣是孩子的老师。只有对学习感兴趣，学生才能愿意学习。以往的英语教学课堂上，教师并不是将学生的学习兴趣作为教学重点，而是以传统的教学模式来进行教学，导致学生的学习效率很低，教育改革后促使教师将学生的学习兴趣放在首位，从而达到优化小学英语教学水平的目的。
关键词：
兴趣；优化；小学英语
从眼下的教育状况来看，教师在教学英语的过程中不能巧妙的利用学生的学习兴趣来提高学习效率，取而代之的是古板生硬的教学模式，不抓住学生的学习兴趣进行教学也只是徒劳，即便是做再多训练布置再多作业，也只是愈加加强了学生对本学科的抵触心理。新的教育改革影响下，教师需将学生的学习兴趣放在首位展开教学，从学生的兴趣出发，优化小学英语的兴趣教学。
1兴趣在学习中的意义
1．1创设情境：
创造相应的学习环境对于学生学习英语来说是必不可少的学习条件，学生在课堂上是处于单调的语言氛围中，接触不到多语言的环境，所以对于学生初步学习英语是非常吃力的，此时此刻就需要教师来为学生提供帮助，借助一切外界有利条件为学生创造出适合的学习情境，吸引学生的注意力，引起学生兴趣，从而达到使学生能够主动学习的目的。由于小学生的理解能力有限，教师可借助一些简单的实物来创设情境，比如卡片，音频，视频等。教师可多费心思在创造情境上，一旦激发出孩子们的学习兴趣，学生们就会畅游在知识的海洋里乐此不疲。
1．2活跃课堂气氛：
每个学生都有一颗好奇的心，所以教师可简单的了解学生们喜欢探索的心理，由此可见，在往后的教学中教师应培养学生的兴趣，寻找学生学习的出发点，展开各式各样的学习情境，教师可大动脑筋，多创造一些有趣的教学情境，让学生乐在其中并爱上英语。为配合教育改革，完善教育体系，教师所要做好的就是寻找一切可以激活课堂气氛的源泉，找到一个知识点将学生带入，引导学生积极探索，自主学习。
1．3积极参与，快乐学习：
教师需创造一些情景让学生积极参与其中，学生们不喜欢枯燥的课堂，而是喜欢热闹、有意思的课堂氛围，小学生大都比较喜欢在人前表现，如果教师能将学生全部带入到自己所设定的情境当中，学生就会你争我抢的积极表现自我，从而达到主动激发学生学习兴趣的目的。教师应如何将学生全部带入情境？比如，教师可采用抢答的模式来激发孩子们兴趣，让学生们在最短时间内说出自己所知道的动物的单词，谁回答的越多就有奖励，学生会积极的站起来回答“bird，monkey，cat，elephant．．．．．．学生们争先恐后，你争我抢，激发出自己所有的思维能力，这种情境创设可以很有效的让学生积极参与到学习中，实现快乐学习的目的。
2优化方式
2．1多媒体教学：
小学生的思维方式比较直接，所以他们也会以最直接的方式去接受新鲜事物，基于此种情况，在科技如此发达的今天教师可采用多媒体教师对学生进行教学，多媒体教室将声音，动画结合到一起，给予学生更直观的感受，使得学生更依赖于多媒体教学，这样的教学方式为学生学习带来太多的欢乐，让整个课堂都充实而多彩。比如，在人教版八年级英语下册Unit1中“what‘sthematter”这一章时，教师可用多媒体向同学们展示身体各个部位及部位疼痛［1］的单词，可让学生更直观的认识到各个部位的确切位置［2］及牢记发生病变的单词，屏幕上人物的动作直观反映给学生，让学生能够印象深刻，能做到在脑海中随用随取。
2．2参与情境，扮演角色：
学生喜欢动起来的课堂气氛，因此，教师需要彻底摆脱以往枯燥死板的教学模式，让学生能够深入文章主题，并参与人物的扮演，学生可借此将自己的内心活动由角色表现出来，教师也可通过学生的表现了解学生对知识的掌握情况。达到学生锻炼能力，教师掌握能力的双重目的。例如，在学习人教版八年级英语上册Unit8“Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake”？时，教师可带一些水果和器材到课堂上，找两个学生到讲台上做对话，其中一个学生学生边做奶昔边用英语讲解做奶昔的步骤，学生可深入到角色中，情境教学法在练习对话的同时对文章内容进行全面梳理，又对句子及语法做了练习。在课下教师还可以将奶昔与孩子们分享，学生会越来越喜欢这种学习方式，情境教学法将成为新一代教学体系的主宰［3］。
2．3摒弃传统作业形式：
课堂气氛如此丰富多彩，教师需要在课后作业做进一步改进。老套的英文作业是抄写文章或者翻译句子，学生在课后作业时不能运用到实际当中，这亦是传统教育模式的弊端［4］，教师可采用与实际相结合的方式将课后作业内容加以完善，比如教师可将抄写文章或者翻译句子改成写小短文的形式，将课堂所学到的内容进行总结，如在学完“Mysister”后，教师可布置学生写一篇关于自己姐姐的小短文，学生可充分发挥其想象力，增强语言组织能力，在做作业的同时还可复习当天所学的语法。弥补了课后作业枯燥无味的不足。
结语：
综上所述，优化小学英语教学是当前教育改革的趋势，良好的课堂氛围能带动学生的学习积极性，教师引导学生对知识充满好奇，学生对知识的好奇心越强兴趣就越大，教师需要充分认识到这一点，并结合教材想办法活跃课堂气氛，激起学生学习的主动性。教师更要深刻认识到兴趣是学生学习一切知识的根本，有兴趣就能学好习，在教育改革影响下，教师要把学生的兴趣放在主要地位，在此基础上全面优化小学英语教学，摒弃传统教学模式，创设新颖教学体系，为小学英语教育教学创造出奇迹。
作者：王彦华 单位：吉林省大安市四棵树乡第一中心校
参考文献
［1］赵彩峰．对小学英语兴趣教学的研究［J］．快乐阅读?经典教学，2013（5）：87．
［2］方新会．论提高小学英语兴趣教学［J］．读写算（教育教学研究），2013（19）：22．
［3］李苗．论小学英语的兴趣教学方法［J］．读写算（教育教学研究），2013（5）：280．
［4］薛利亚．谈英语兴趣教学［J］．中华少年（研究青少年教育），2013（3）：226．
［5］陈歆．浅谈小学英语教学兴趣的培养［J］．课程教育研究（新教师教学），2013（4）：160
【第二篇：高效化小学英语课堂教学】
摘要：
在小学英语教学中开展情境教学，可以使枯燥抽象的书本语言变得形象生动，能够活跃课堂教学气氛，调动学生学习热情，而且能够锻炼学生的英语语言能力，培养学生学习思维能力和想象能力。所以，作为小学英语教师的我们，要积极将情境教学法应用于小学英语课堂教学中，通过有效创设课堂教学情境，来促进小学英语的高效化教学。
关键词：
小学英语；教学情境；高效化；体验；直观；趣味
在小学英语教学中开展情境教学，可以使枯燥抽象的书本语言变得形象生动，能够活跃课堂教学气氛，调动学生学习热情，而且能够锻炼学生的英语语言能力，培养学生学习思维能力和想象能力。所以，作为小学英语教师的我们，要积极将情境教学法应用于小学英语课堂教学中，通过有效创设课堂教学情境，来促进小学英语的高效化教学。那么，我们该如何针对小学英语的学科特点和小学生的认知水平，来创设课堂教学情境，并取得高效化的课堂教学效果呢？下面，笔者试就结合自身教学经验，对此问题进行详细的个人观点的阐述。
1组织学生进行角色扮演，创设体验式教学情境，促进学生英语综合能力的发展
促进学生英语综合能力的发展，是我们英语教学的最终目的。所以，身为小学英语教师，我们不应将教学任务只落实到对教材中的各种英语语言知识点进行讲解，还应通过行之有效的措施，来使学生的英语综合能力获得发展，如我们可组织学生进行角色扮演，这一方面可以满足学生爱好表演的性格需求，激发学生的参与*，另一方面为学生创设了一种体验式教学情境，能够使学生真正进入到英语交际活动情景中，进而促使学生的英语综合能力获得有效发展。例如，以《CanIhaveanicecream》这一单元内容为例，在学生初步理解和掌握了本单元的功能语句CanIhave…，please？及其答句Yes，youcan．／No，youcan’t，并可以灵活运用之后，我给学生出示了一张图片，图片内容为小女孩Army生病躺在床上，妈妈坐在床边，然后出示一张列表，列表中的内容为征求意见时需要用到的活动语句和相应回答，如haveadrink／watchTV／haveanicecream／gototheshop／havethesebiscuits等等，然后，依次选择两名学生，分别扮演Army和Army妈妈，来开展情景对话活动。如此，我便为学生创设了一种体验式教学情景，学生能够真正投入到语言交际活动中，既帮助学生巩固了所学英语知识，也能有效促进学生英语综合能力的发展。
2引入现代直观教具，创设直观式教学情境，充分激发学生的学习兴趣
现代直观教学工具，由于自身所具有的现代化教学功能，能将书本上枯燥、抽象的文字以更为形象和直观的方式呈现出来，从而使课堂教学变得更加富有趣味性和生动性。所以，我们在英语教学过程中，就可将现代直观教具引入到教学课堂中，创设一种直观式教学情境，让学生以更为丰富生动的方式来学习英语知识，从而充分激发学生学习兴趣，为学生英语学习效率的有效提高提供充足保障。例如，以《WewenttotheGreatWall》这一单元为例，在授课过程中，我利用现代多媒体技术，给学生展现了长城的直观图片，并对长城进行了简单介绍，如“TheGreatWallisveryverylong，andit’smorethan2000yearsold．AChinesesayinglikethis，youarenotatruemanuntilyougettotheGreatWall．What’sthemeaning？”然后，继续对学生说道：“Yesterday，LiMingandWangFangwenttotheGreatWall．Whatdidtheydo？”如此，通过为学生展示直观图片，有效吸引了学生学习注意力，学生通过直观的观看，也了解了伟大的成长是中国文明的瑰宝，在这种直观生动的教学情境中，学生的学习热情十分高涨，学习兴趣十分浓厚，对于我们接下来英语教学活动的顺利进行，起到了铺垫作用。
3实现游戏与教学内容的相融合，创设趣味性教学情境，促进学生的积极参与
游戏是学生十分喜爱的一项活动形式，玩游戏时，学生总能倾注百般热情和精力，而且，在玩游戏的过程中，学生在不知不觉间能够学到所应掌握的内容、知识，从而大大寓教于乐的效果。鉴于此，我们就可在教授英语内容的过程中，将游戏引入其中，实现游戏于教学内容的相融合，创设出一种趣味性教学情境，让学生充分感受到英语学习的乐趣，进而促进学生对英语游戏活动的积极参与。例如，在学习了有关动物的词汇后，我组织学生玩了这样一个游戏活动：两名学生为一组，每次两组学生进行游戏比拼，比拼方式为：给其中一组提供写了各种动物的单词卡片，另一组的其中一名学生到讲台上学某一动物的叫声，拿有单词卡片的一组，则要迅速找到这一动物的单词卡片，并准确读出动物单词的读音，选择正确且读音无误，则奖励一颗五角星。进行几次猜测之后，两队交换游戏任务。最后，看哪一组获得的五角星最多，哪一组就是获胜的冠军小组。这样，通过组织学生玩有趣好玩的游戏，创设了一种趣味性教学情境，学生的学习状态都十分积极、主动，促进了学生对学习活动的积极参与，而且，帮助学生复习巩固了所学的动物单词词汇，提高了学生的记忆和掌握效果。
综上所述，情境教学对于小学英语教学而言有着重要且广泛的意义，身为小学英语教师的我们，要积极将情境教学法应用于小学英语课堂教学中，通过有效创设课堂教学情境，来激发学生的学习兴趣和热情，让学生对英语学习活动倾心投入，进而全面提升小学英语的教学质量，促进小学英语的高效化教学。
作者：厉建秀 单位：山东省日照市国际海洋城滨海湾小学
参考文献
［1］冯莉杨延刚《情境教学法在小学英语教学中的应用调查研究》［J］吉林省教育学院学报2013－03－03
［2］邹志超龚少英《情境教学在小学英语教学中的应用》［J］现代教育科学2006－04－20
【第三篇： 给学生“精彩”体验】
新课程改革带给教育以新鲜的血液，带给师者轻松的感觉和自我的超越，带给学生广阔驰骋的空间和身心愉快的体验。
小学英语因自身的独特性，带给学生以新奇与陌生，新奇的事物容易使孩子们产生强烈的求知欲，陌生的东西易使用权他们产生排斥感，因此，在教学中只有把他们对英语的陌生感抵消并转化为想要了解并为之探索的动力，才能做到使学生一接触到英语就产生兴趣，在短短的一年的英语教学实践中，我发觉，教学在体现创新性的同时，更应充分展示教学的艺术性，使之充满魅力。“让学生在自己的”精彩中体验学习的快乐。是我在教学中常常用的方式，也是我教学的特点。在不断的课堂实践探索中，我发觉，学生的“精彩”需要教师的条件创设和去发现的眼睛，才能成为一种体验。
一、创新的环节设计是“精彩”的铺垫。
环节设计的优劣关系到一节课是否能达到教学目标，是否使学
生得到全面发民英语课堂环节设计要根据英语科的多学科融合特点，精心设计给学生以不同的多样的展示空间，从而获得“精彩”的体验。
在教学三年级第一册we love anmals 中的一课，我设计这样环节，首先以猜谜的形式引出新单词，如 it has a short tail and two red eyes. I like yt .what is it ?(手势配合)，学生根据已掌握的单词short tail red eye 很容易的就能猜测出这个动物，这样就给学生创设了展现灵活思维的空间。在单词的教读中，利用动作表现单词意思，既加深记忆，又使学生得到表演能力的展现，在教rabbit 这个词时，我请学生们想象兔子的特点，给他们表演的空间。在表演中出“精彩”。在let’s do 中，我创设“听力表演擂台赛”以小组为单位，合作完成任务。以个体带到全体，在合作中赛出“精彩”，在let’s sing 中，把全体学生分成两部分，一部分唱歌，一部分伴舞，然后再交换角色，让学生在唱跳中出“精彩”，并得到快乐体验。
二、用“爱”的眼神去发现，“精彩”无处不在。
“没有爱就没有教育”。不用爱的眼神去发现，我们身边的“精彩”的亮点就会被忽视。
在英语教学中，教师要善于发现学生身上的亮点。哪怕是极其微小的火花，也会闪烁出智慧的光芒。用儿童的心里去体会孩子们的独特自我。用爱的眼神去发现，用激励的语言去鼓舞。照亮的小“精彩”会在以后课堂中变成大“精彩”
在课堂中学生展示自我的机会很多想发现他们的闪光鼓励 他们的言行，教师要细心的发现。我在教学中，每节课都能做到 生说或演的机会达到全班的90％到100％，在这个过程中我会捕捉到一些独特的精彩瞬间，比如在听音训练 中，我找出最灵敏的学生，在书写训练中，写的最漂亮的学生，在唱歌时，唱的最动听的学生；在说训练中发现音质的学生语调，最富有节奏感的学生，在表演中表现的栩栩如生的学生……
去寻找学生的亮点，让它成为教学魅力的生长点，让创造性的教和创造性学成为一种快乐的体验。
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推荐你写蝴蝶效应这是一部直达人性的电影。每次的时光轮回，总是希望每个人都幸福，可总是会有一点点的不完美。轮回，也许主人宫最后的毁灭也是种无止的轮回。
The Impressive Features of Forrest GumpForrest Gump is one of the most charming films of recent times. Though it is a comedy, it isn’t only for fun. Its humour and symbols are quite complicated. From the film audiences can see Gump’s life philosophies, American social problems and national characteristics. The use of symbols and motifs in this film are very excellent. My favourite symbol is the feather, which had drifted for a long time finally it landed beside Gump’s feet, and he picked it up. The motif of the feather represents Gump’s willingness to be blown around by the winds of fate and history. And I think the box of chocolates that Gump intends to give Jenney is known by everybody who loves films. Gump says that his mother always told him, “Life is like a box of chocolates—you never know what you are going to get.” The chocolates just represent life. Since the chocolates remind Gump of his mother and they are a gift for Jenny, they also represent his love of these two women. Maybe because of the meaning of the chocolates many film fans would like to choose the words said by Gump’s mother as their motto. Through the contrast of Gump and Jenny we can see two different kinds of life styles. These are the two kinds of Americans life styles. Like many Americans, Gump is the optimistic side but he gets his fortune without know his harm to others. Like the other Americans, Jenny’s life is a mess she lives with drugs abuse and caught AIDS. Through Gump’s experiences audiences can learn about some social problems in America, such as segregation, Vietnam. Gump always can be the center of many great events of recent American history. Gump has a charming character. Though he affected by mental disability he is a credible person. His innocent made him loved by audiences. When Lieutenant Dan loses his legs and said “I was Lieutenant Dan.” Gump said “You still Lieutenant Dan.” He always has powers and passions to face every new day. To Bubba and Lieutenant Dan, he gives them his real friendship. For Jenny, he pays his deep Groom give us a good story, Robert Zemeckis give us a good film. I love this film, because of its humour and its deep meaning. Forrest Gump is a memorable comedy, it is far more complicated than I have analyzed. Since it is complicated the critics are divided. This film has produced a series of culture about “Gump”, such as “Gumpish” “Gumpnized”. The writer and the editor can be teachers to the audiences to a degree. This film can let people think more about the life styles of themselves. It made me treasure love and the beauties in my life. After all it is a great film for me to appreciate. 你看下感觉怎么样？
《Alexander》about it. ——《亚历山大大帝》观后感~I am a student, study more onerous task to all immersed in a pile, thick book of other aspects of knowledge about nature also less. In order to broaden their horizons, when choosing courses, I usually choose some human science classes. Remember when a friend gave high school had a Greek mythology to me, that is, from the book, I see a god of the mind and I've also is the traditional Chinese religion in the image of god is completely different. Greek mythology of the gods of the people who have thoughts, feelings, and the joy of the people, sadness, jealous, have fear. But god is the Oriental religions in, or even omnipotent, is ordinary mortals cannot be achieved. But because those books and the names of the gods and long, sometimes make me confused, I eventually failed to read the book. Myth, of course, is part of the culture of the classical Greek, in order to understand with many Greek mythology, when he saw the ancient Greek culture, when elective without hesitation, I chose. Fortunately, I choose. Through a study of the semester, although no Greek culture and in-depth understanding of ancient Greece, but the experienced periods have probably know for certain period of development, the typical of the political system, cultural phenomenon also have certain knowledge, I think is good harvest. Of course, the teacher said to the final paper to write, I still feel a bit silly, I don't know what good, because although much knowledge of ancient Greece, but to really understand some of the problems one write an essay, I think my knowledge is not enough. Just recently saw "Alexander of Alexander's life", interest, but to know before Alexander, so you have to find some information, and some of the facts is mentioned below from these materials, not do introductionAlexander the great was about the history of the world's first emperor Alexander conquered Eurasian of life. Alexander BC, in Macedonian king is Philip ii, once studied Aristotle, 19 years old father was assassinated succession to the throne. He first, then pacify defeated the Persian empire, began 22,000 miles of conquest. 25 years old, Alexander had established including the Nile valley, dry peninsula and the Indus civilization across Europe in Asia, but the Alexander under age 33 because inexplicable disease die this film, Alexander the great friend (Anthony Hopkins ptolemaic general) through memory, the emperor's will as life. Forty years ago, Hollywood has taken Alexander, but only about his hero. The new version, full of adventure and dream from the childhood, thrust his parents fight, then the sad for him by Aristotle and mapping lesson, gradually to his invicible paving the way to conquer. This is the life of the vivid director of Alexander oliver stone said: "this is probably the biggest challenges in my life, hope can make it much objective." In order to do this, stone is hard. Rafer specially invited professor of the university of Oxford robin Ryan fox as the historical consultant. The fox is research of Alexander the great expert, once wrote biographies of Alexander, sales of more than 100 million copies. He accepted the invitation gladly, but a condition, is to them in the emperor's elite cavalry, and must stand in the front of the team, he "fight" for Alexander has invited the ancient linguists, tries to make some of the lines to real effect. Language Fox watched the movie said after school and historical scholars should get there watching for , if the movie copy history book, it obviously lost as the value of the movie. "Alexander" in the context of history, the plot details on again. Films, Alexander's father told him: a woman more dangerous than men, as the king had hurt his lover, Mother kept his place before him, said his father. Without these details on the history, but the parents struggle was mentioned. Alexander, such as wedding night, the bride almost killed him, although not in the historical lee, but the bride was defeated by Alexander, daughter of darius, the plot and have confidence. Therefore, the writer's creation that is reasonable, no violation of addition, the recent history of the new viewpoint about Alexander historiography, more and more absorbed some characters, appear very pursuit of dreamsAbove has been mentioned in the film, and the understanding of Alexander before, so he is the first impression from the movie, here is to put the matter what facts. Admittedly, the film Alexander some arbitrary, even some cold, but sometimes think conversely, if no such a domineering, pride and resolute, he can become a history of Chinese strategists hoyywood hills? However, I want to discuss and not his military command art, but his pursuit of dreams and in the process which reflects personality, it is exciting and amazing. If someone was born, this man is the conqueror Alexander. As a great soldier son, Alexander had been instilled many heroism and high adventure stories. He can reel off in the early lead, read Homer in the shelter of personality and lyrics. Whether in the house or in the battlefield, he had a pillow YiLiYaTe "with him to sleep. He led his Greek soldiers and defeated the Persian empire, strong and continue to crusade. Along the way, he and his army met with human body is similar, but what we know, hair, it is a monkey. They rode on large and those of the east, the elephant who had never seen defeated the monster. Of course, though, Alexander the great personality charm, many of his soldiers to fight for Alexander has faith, but for a long time, the journey of hard driving, the warriors who still alive and tired, they obviously very to return to his country and so on the roster appeared, the army also appeared a mutiny. One section, I is very impressive, when he determined to continue to advance in India, unwilling to part soldiers, one of the important general said a touching, they finally wish is only in them to the soldiers who died superempirical essence and meet them before the meeting, the wife and children. Alexander said: "yes, you're right, I, Ross, negligence. Should I send you back as soon as possible, all pensions from me to send, respected and wealthy, love, in the rest of you will be his wife and son of a hero, finally died peacefully. But your dreams, Ross, you, the simple, early in your child's life with Persia, with gold and silver in your pockets stuffed with you when you love, because it can destroy everything in the life of a man!" , kelat rose that touching words some long, here I will not lead to, but when I'm hearing his words, I was really touched by it and feel a mortal ordinary and true feelings, in my opinion, that he was not too. Then, Alexander the retort that enthusiasm, yes, Alexander and their pursuit of something different, he pursues the sun rays, the pursuit of great, so the life of ease, money and enjoy attractive for him, he defeated the Persian empire, Babylon the great wealth, costly court life and can't baffel him to continue the after the movie's feelings, then some literatures on Alexander's expedition, some of the objective a detailed analysis. According to the data, Alexander expedition, he himself has said the Persian, and had ravaged sanctuary in Greece was assassinated Philip ii, the purpose is the expedition, revenge against the Persian stronger. But the specific analysis, find the reason for the expedition is just an excuse. Firstly, the assassination of the killer waves Philip ii, paulson and no relationship with the Persian empire. O Nebuchadnezzar, paulson wave is a young aristocrat, he and Philip ii, the generals have personal in Dallas. Whatever wave, is of Nebuchadnezzar's, but he SiYuan what action, really have no direct connection with the Persian empire. Alexander said he was assassinated in Persia, Philip ii, historical records on no. Secondly, from the assassination of Nebuchadnezzar, wave, paulson to Philip ii, so the action in advance of horses prepared assassination scene, it shows that he really otherwise conspiracy. Third, revenge is only according to Greek long-standing extremely extensive mental state, as to stimulate the greeks into the slogan of the , I think it is worth affirmation, Alexander the great dream, in order to realize its can not wealth, enjoy thier durance and courage to explore the Tim HeFei and about Alexander, RONAlexander the great films, especially sexual orientation private life a lot dispute. In fact, he HeFei and ask the relationship, and I was at the movies process has been very puzzled, why history so great a character is gay? Believe that many people have the same , when I accidentally see teacher site of excellent assignments exploring ancient Greek young titled "love", I feel like a life. For the love of the young this phenomenon from different aspects. First is the ancient greeks aesthetic idea. Ancient Greece is extremely attractive appearance and the worship of strong and handsome figure, in this respect, they don't care, as long as the male sex "golden hair, jiongjiongweishen eyes, ruddy complexion, strong muscle, broad shoulders." He must be able to attract others' eyes and love. Beautiful young completely meet greeks aesthetic standards and, in some cases, the young beauty of man can be less attractive girl. Secondly, the ancient Greek culture condition is the root of young love. The ancient culture and modern culture and the fundamental difference between the ancients to men, women, children in the man's eyes is only the mother and the family business managers. The ancient greeks regarded the spirit of man is the center of activities, they think that the girl was not what education, this kind of situation is caused by a woman because education condition, the cultural resources, and the spirit world of ancient Greek men spirit grades. This kind of social status can appear a situation: men and women together only flirting with youth, and can be found in the heart. They are likely to rationally between the dialogue lies not only in the young, beautiful, because they have more abundant knowledge and talent. Therefore, in ancient Greece appeared a modern difficult to understand customs: every man have attracted a boy or a young man, and in close daily life as his tutor, guardian and friends, also encouraged him to study all noble character. If any man have deceived than his little boy, will be considered not perform duties of a man, No one can get to a young man of friendship is a shame for. This kind of social and cultural customs in promoting cultural and ideological progress in a little deeper, to help build social moral standards have contribution. We can not surprised to find that most firmly hold the view that homosexuality is the most important and the most influential cultural elite of ancient Greece. At this point, even the spirit of love, Socrates also no addition, a professor of the university of Oxford robin Ryan fox in the privacy of Alexander is explained. He said, Alexander has three wives, and his mistress, four grow up together, carry the HeFei partners have homosexual relations, and the one who Persian royal eunuch very close. The fox said, many of these ancient historians recorded the plot, compared with these records could be understatement. While these sparked controversy, because of different age has different view. Ancient Greece, polygamy and homosexuality is normal, Christian Europe, strict monogamy was established, homosexuality was considered evil, so, if we use today's morality to request more than 2,000 years ago, the ancients are serious to use words to summarize the feeling after see: "bravely to pursue their dreams!"
1.通常建议写一部电影，比较深入，资料相对好查一些，如果你想写两部电影除非是想进行对比，一般是中西对比比较多。5000字不算多，等你写完了，导师再改一下就剩不了多少了。据我所知，以电影题材写论文一般都归类在文化方向里，个人觉得比较好写，有兴趣就好，不然会很痛苦。 2。我是学英文文学的所以推荐你两部电影，喜福会，红字，因为有解读性所以可以随意选个角度写。 3。肖申克的救赎我很喜欢，建议你对照原版小说来写，可以从主题，写作手法，技巧入手。比如，除了大家熟知的信仰和希望以外，你个人还理解到了什么，发掘出了什么内容。可以分析一些社会问题，比如监狱的制度化可以使人恐惧抵抗，但最终却无法摆脱离不开监狱生活，无法融入正常社会。还可以分析人物，社会影响等等。 英语论文有个关键，就是你的thesis statement（主题）你的论文到底要说明一个什么结论。有了这大方向，你只要分开些观点，论据这里还包括引用，解释介绍一些概念，大体论文就出来了。总之，希望你享受这个难得的过程！may you success!
毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）
转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.
So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.
In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !
today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.
the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语专业毕业论文范例
导语：英语专业本科毕业时需要提交相关的论文，而相关的论文又应该要怎么写呢?以下是我整理英语专业毕业论文的资料，欢迎阅读参考。
【摘要】
目前，将多媒体技术和现代教育技术融入到大学英语教学成为一种新型的教学模式，改变了传统教学的方式和理念。同时，如何高效运用网络多媒体教学给教师提出了更大的挑战。在教学转型过程中，如何运用现代教育技术达到教与学相辅相成更是值得探讨。本文将以广东外语外贸大学为例，浅谈现代教育技术对大学英语教学的支撑，并提出针对性的建议。
【关键词】
教育技术;网络多媒体;英语教学
前言
作为连接心理、教育、行为组织等学科的桥梁，现代教育技术一直备受社会关注。教育技术的进步和信息科学的发展息息相关，在未来的教育领域中，信息技术和人工智能将扮演越来越重要的角色。现代教育技术重点研讨如何借助现有的工具有效地促进学习和如何实现学习者的自主个性化学习。现代教育技术被定义为借助于计算机等现代工具，使信息技术与教育教学中的理论、技术相结合，通过对教学资源的设计、开发、利用、评价和管理，以实现教学优化的理论和实践，并进一步推动教育现代化的发展。从其定义可以分析得出：(1)现代教育技术以信息技术为主要手段，充分发挥网络技术和多媒体的优势;(2)现代教育技术是以优化教与学的过程和资源为目标;(3)现代教育技术的核心思想是系统方法的研究。多年以来，随着教育技术的不断发展，广东英语外贸大学也积极推动网络多媒体英语教学，创造优质的语言学习条件促进学生的英语学习，取得了一系列的成效。丰富的视听教材极大地刺激了学生的感官，引发了他们学习英语的兴趣。促使学生的学习由被动转为主动，提高了学生自主学习的能动性。我校的网络多媒体教学从多个维度进行，形成课外、课内的一个立体个性化学习平台，具体应用表现在三个方面：一、课外型教学;二、课内讲授型教学;三、课内自主型教学。
一、课外型教学
利用网络多媒体进行课外学习，主要通过英语电台广播实现教学。英语电台使用无线电波(开路)和经调频数码后导线传送(开路———基于有线网络)进行广播，广播的内容是由英语教育专家团体精心挑选的英语音频资料，课余时间实行全校性广播，学生只要拿着移动智能设备在校内任何地方都可以听到，学生可以在优美的校园里一边漫步一边收听，学生还可以从有关教师里得到相关录音的文字资料和习题。将英语教学输入到学生的生活中，充分调动了不同层次学生学习英语的热情，营造一个灵活多样和形象生动的学习氛围，有效挖掘了学生的英语学习潜能。
二、课内讲授型教学
多媒体网络教学是课内讲授型教学的一种比较普及的教学方法，利用信息技术开辟了英语教学的新方法，拓宽了英语教学的内容和范围。我校在这方面的应用主要有：1、数字语言实验室系统;2、数字在线教学系统。
1、数字语言实验室系统由许多语言实验教室和控制中心组成，除了有传统语言实验室的功能，如：语音广播、分组对讲、分组讨论、电子举手、录音等，还可以通过网络调用控制中心的教学资源，相应课件、音视频点播，以及一些相应练习题和反馈分析。数字语言实验室系统适合主要以讲授和交流为主的课程，如：口语、听力技巧、情景对话等，教师充分讲解难点、要点，学生可以课堂录音，课余自己复习，教师还可以与学生进行一对一交流，并纠正学生的错误，使学生容易突破难点。
2、数字在线教学系统是一种全新的网络多媒体教学手段，教师将教学资源设计成各种多媒体课件，根据教学需要，实时调动教学资源，实现教室演示功能。教师上课时，使用数字在线教学平台，通过在客户端进行相关操作，向中心服务器系统发出请求，系统对接受到的信息进行相应的处理后，将多媒体课件通过网络传送，传达到学生的教学设备上，进行下一步教学。课后学生也可以登录到系统进行预习和复习。数字在线教学系统不仅提供了英语教学的质量，还开拓学生的视野，增加学生的学习兴趣。教师在教育技术人员的协助下，充分利用多媒体网络技术，将听、说、写、译四项教学内容融为一体。其优点和特点：1)集中使用优质教材，确保英语学习质量。提供丰富的学习内容，实现了老师与同学之间教与学的动态结合。2)促进了教师综合能力和自身素质的提高。通过在线学习系统教师可以不断实践、不断探索。3)培养学生自己学习的能力，促进学生个性化学习发展。克服了学习的时空问题，为教师、学生带来便捷。4)营造良好的英语学习环境，提高了英语教学质量，深化大学英语教学改革。
三、课内自主型教学
广东外语外贸大学于九十年代首先创建用局域网进行VOD点播的自主学习环境，近年来，采用云计算技术，形成了基于“广外云”的在线自主学习及移动学习相结合的一种独特的教学模式。将计算机多媒体和网络技术引入英语教学的各个环节，引起教学模式、教学方法、教学手段和教学工具的重大革新。所创设的CAI英语教学环境，使师生之间、学生之间可实现双向交流，利用网络英语教学数据库学会发现、探究、解决问题。计算机网络教学在培养学生的创造性思维方面具有独特优势和实际效用，这种新型的教学模式为学生创新思维的形成提供了理想的温床。在英语教学数据库的支持下，突出了个别化教学的优势，使不同水平、不同智商、不同兴趣、不同特长、不同学习方式的学生可以面对不同层次的学习软件，教师能根据学生的不同情况使用、改进、设计适合学生特点的软件，让每个学生都得到恰如其分的辅导和教学。网络英语教学数据库不仅为学生创设一种适合于思维发展的'理想环境，还向学生提供了丰富多彩的思维表象和现实素材。CAI英语教学主要以自主学习为主，使用视频点播(VOD)系统进行英语教学，打破了课堂的沉闷、枯燥，使课程变得生动有趣，学生在学习中将更加自觉，更加主动。其优点如下：
1.时效性。我校采用最先进的卫星接受系统接收关于国内外新闻、财经、科技、综合节目并及时进行监控和编辑。将地道的英语和外国文化实时输送到我校数字在线学习系统,在整个学校内营造出良好的英语学习环境。教师和学生可以通过观看自己感兴趣的英语节目,提高自己的英语水平，真实地感受异域语言及文化。不仅如此，教师可以接触到先进的教学方法，认识到全球英语教育改革的方向，极大地丰富了英语教学的资源。
2.互动性。在软件的设计和开发中，我们始终将交流互动放在第一位,使师生可随时随地进行无障碍交流。通过对实验室位置的合理编排,更利于现代英语教育理念的实现。
3.开放性。多媒体教学语言实验室与互联网实现有效双向连接,创建了一个快速便捷的英语教学科研网络。
4.自主性。通过建立全校性的网络多媒体教学平台,为全体师生服务。教师可以利用教学平台进行备课、教学和与学生交流互动。学生在数字化语言实验室或者宿舍则可以利用网络教学平台所提供的网上服务,包括英语文学作品的阅读、英语影视片的观看、练习写作、进行网上测试,实行自主个性化学习。
四、网络多媒体教学主要特点
1.共享优质教学资源。挑选最符合学生学习的教材，选择优质教师的教学方法，通过网络共享使用。在现今大学不断扩招的情况下，要保证教学质量，这是最好的选择。
2.实现互动教学。使用网络不仅可以把教学内容广播下去，也可以监控学生的学习情况，可以把有关信息反馈给学生，学生也可以提出问题，教师实时回答。
3.丰富的教学内容。教师可以选择英语电视、英语新闻、英语音频资料，也可以是从卫星上、INTERNET网上等多渠道得到的资料中挑选。
4.全方位的英语学习环境。使用网络多媒体教学，兼顾了涉及到课室内、外的教学，学生在校园里任何地方都可以看到、听到英语，让学生完全容入英语的学习环境中。结束语网络多媒体的使用，不仅发挥了多媒体的优越性，使得学习变得生动有趣，提高学习效率，也发挥网络的优势，共享、互动。网络多媒体教学给我校的英语教学带来了巨大的进步，也是教育技术的进步。随着教育技术的发展，会越来越多地利用自然科学、工程技术学的成果，提高教学效率。
在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]：《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题，诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来，宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微，水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情，最后水手内心发生转变，以新的态度对待自然，为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]：老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父，被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学，熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学，与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命，但又都害怕革命暴力，于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区，致力于写诗，并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，于是远离城市，隐居于昆布兰湖区，寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇，以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年，两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ，被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区，与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾，故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加，1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物，令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真，并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设，不仅影响过他的同时代人，也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而且，对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者，仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位，是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事：一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开，赶快去赴宴，却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住，不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风，暴风过后，这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此，厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中，那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动，老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去，仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船，水手们一个个都死在甲板上，每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人，只有他没有死。后来，他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦，使死尸们站了起来，仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风，船却渐渐地移动。于是，这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸，出来迎接。但在他到这船之前，它却突然地沉下了，留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来，他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦，便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着，一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来，方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张，又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用，而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步，因为它否定了人身依附关系，肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权，肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话，肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以，它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展，对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在，万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为：上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下，作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁，表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物，他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物，也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意，违反自然规律，射死了无辜的信天翁，必然要受到惩罚。于是，灾难来了：风停了，船无法前进，阳光酷热，水手们口干舌燥。这时候，有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆，将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时，老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是，他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为，在道德情感系统中，羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后，就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为，道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说：“凡出自不公正的情感所作的，就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好，并且情感的内容有益于社会，而且还是以有益于社会方式施行，或有所感动，这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现，表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制，常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中，痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的，是低级形式的羞耻感，可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么，羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚，只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物，它激活潜在的思维和力量，专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为，促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏，那他将对道德不屑一顾，达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时，羞耻感要以自尊为前提，一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的，更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近，没有自尊的防卫，就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻，惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误，于是惶惶终日，不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展，在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了，但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去，只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重，导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中，一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析，是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情，感情是对需要的体验，是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素，推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素，推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后，良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为，它便于进行自我谴责，使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责，往往能形成一种力量，促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来，老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法，他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤，孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔，从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸，并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析，是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下，从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思，要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案，明白来者可追，逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中，要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思，主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后，老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕：他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人，让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众，承认自己的错误，说出自己的故事，解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔，但还是有种负罪感难以释怀，于是他渴望被人理解，宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样，当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候，不要封闭自己，找一个忠实的听众，把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之，柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称，其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶，生与死等哲学问题，宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上，而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面：时而风平浪静，沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起，一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时，柯尔律治并不熟悉大海，但他能凭借想象，使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织，把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体，充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上，长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉，炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体，而长诗的音韵与节奏之美，也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]： 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段，为适应社会生产活动的需要，在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智，19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里，它的功能是计算，秩序严谨，职司分明，是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中，它的功能是表义，许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦，1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响，数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ，但也存在着共性，有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数"，而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦，1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文， 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆，1998)，英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文，并开展过学术探 讨。如，王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页， 语文出版社，1991，1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上，英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人，尤其是中国人，自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三"，也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国，人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字， 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning)，在我国可 以说历时最久，涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字，在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字，它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字，继而演化出"神 圣" 之意，于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋，便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层，极言其高，天证/诞日为正月初 九，天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如，北京 城有九门，天安门城楼面阔九问，门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓，如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系，万物之根均为数，宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10，五行也是数，按传统的五行 理论来划分，则1、2为木：1为阳木，2为阴 木。以3、4为火：3为阳火，4为阴火。以5、6为土：5为阳土，6为 阴土。 以7、8为金：7为阳金，8为阴金。以9、10为水：9 为阳水，10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化，用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来，"九"是最大的阳数，象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层，九层天是天的最高处，汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空， "九霄云外" ，"九天揽月"，"九天九地"等。另外，天坛，这个明清两代 祭天的场所，其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数，刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道："凡数 指其极者，皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说："天地之数，始于一，终于 九。"因此，汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限，故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎"，避讳有“九”之 岁。例如：“ 老太太因明年八十一岁，是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征，因 为"九"与"苦"同音，因此忌讳 "九"。然而，《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ，采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计，结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占)，而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来，日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外，《词源》中说："九：虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时，是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中，"九"的意思有三个：(1)数目，八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九"，从一"九" 数起，二"九"、三 "九"，一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九，夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次： 九泉，三 弯九转等。因此， 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如："九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国，数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如，"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划，后用作"中国"的代 称。因此，有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns)，古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子，各有所好"。因此，《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种，种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多，龙蛇混杂，好坏不一，各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外，在文娱、体育等词汇中，数字"九"也比比皆是。如， 许多歌名都以"九"开头："九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中，"九柱戏"(nine pins)，兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的，如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外，中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时，人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如，湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方，数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说， "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多，分别有： 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有： a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律：数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如， 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞：跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来，数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之，在东西方文化中，数字"九"含有以下主要共性： 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字， 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中，数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于：对中国人来说，其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过："翻译不是字当句对，而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数"，"实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论，结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性，可采用如下的翻译方法，并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有： (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了，它并没死，只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来，人们很容易接受，因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语， 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现"， 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如，"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ，"九九归一，还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字，转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有： (一)民族性原则 比如，汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力"，《汉英词典》(外研社，1996)的译 文有三个："strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”，成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如："匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子，月下嫦娥，那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》)， 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则"， 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时，一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时， 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如："飞流直下三千尽，疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 "，因此，可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢： 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文