发布时间：
到贴吧，找各类大学的贴吧，应该可以求到。
只能建议你到中国知网上看看，上面有更权威更全面的资料查阅！希望可以帮到你！
很多朋友在职工作或是在校学习都会经常写论文，常常在论文写作的时候都会用到参考文献，如果能饮用一些外文参考文献就更加高大上了。但是外文文献要怎么找呢？雷锋崔老师教你处理。步骤阅读方法/步骤>01方法1：打开任意一款浏览器搜索“中国知网”四个字。>02进入中国知网首页后，在输入框内就可以搜索到参考文献了。其中文献的主题、作者及发布的时间都有介绍，均可用来搜索的。>03在知网首页的左侧，一个排功能选项，其中有一个选项是“国际文献总库”，点击进入这个板块。>04进入这个板块后，找到右侧的资源总库的“国外资源”，那个区域的国外资源几乎涵盖了能够在互联网上搜索到的国外文献的总和了。>05方法2：找到一篇与自己相近的论文，或是自己参考的中文文献，注意查看这篇文献本身的参考文献，找找原作者是不是使用了外文文献。>06如果原作者也使用了外文文献的话，只要将其外文文献复制在互联网上进行搜索查看就可以了。而且会出现很多相近的其他参考文献供你借鉴呢。
童鞋你好！你要的英文资料我给你找到了【 】【 】【 】网上基本很难找到免费给你翻译服务的！我在这里给你点搜索国际上常用的外文数据库：---------------------------------------------------------- ⑴ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2 ⑵Elsevier SDOL数据库 IEEE/IEE(IEL) ⑶EBSCOhost RSC英国皇家化学学会 ⑷ACM美国计算机学会 ASCE美国土木工程师学会 ⑸Springer电子期刊 WorldSciNet电子期刊全文库 ⑹Nature周刊 NetLibrary电子图书 ⑺ProQuest学位论文全文数据库 ⑻国道外文专题数据库 CALIS西文期刊目次数据库 ⑼推荐使用ISI web of knowledge Engineering Village2-----------------------------------------------------------中文翻译得自己做了，实在不成就谷歌翻译。弄完之后，自己阅读几遍弄顺了就成啦！学校以及老师都不会看这个东西的！外文翻译不是论文的主要内容！所以，很容易过去的！祝你好运！
下载国外文献可以用下面这几个网站1、谷歌学术免费检索外文学术论文，部分文献可直接下载2、sci-hub免费下载外文文献，只是网站不太稳定需要经常查找新的域名，sci-hub也有没有收录的文献，特别是下载2022年及以后的文献暂时就不要用这个网站了。3、谷歌学术和sci-hub都下载不了的文献需要去文献来源数据库中下载，可以用文献党下载器（）该网站几乎整合汇集了所有中外文献数据库资源，覆盖全科。4、Web of Science是获取全球学术信息的重要数据库，和谷歌学术近似，但检索功能更强大。并且Web of Science 包括著名的三大引文索引数据库(SCI、SSCI、A&HCI)。如果没有Web of Science使用权限可参考第3条。
到学校外文数据库上搜索一篇就行了
外文文献可以用你们图书馆的外文数据库检索, 如, 自己去找吧 学校里面可以下载到的！英文关键词可以利用网站翻译～
物流管理论文精选参考文献
物流管理论文参考文献一：
[1]Hotelling H. Stability in competition[J]. Economic Journal, 1929,39（ 1 ）：41 -57
[2]钟娜娜.竞争选址与非竞争选址比较研究[J].管理观察：2012（477）：191-196.
[3] new facilities in a competitive environment. European Journal of Operational Research 1983（12）： 29-35.
[4]张同全.具有距离限制的最大竞争能力选址问题[J]?云南民族大学学报2011,20（5）：438-440.
[5]于宏涛，高立群，李丽霞.基于多消费群体的竞争选址模型与求解算法[J].计算机应用研究2013,30（7）：2024-2028.
[6]杨丰梅，华国伟，黎建强.一个竞争选址问题的新模型及其求解算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2006（7）：18-24.
[7]李江华，王金亭.具有二次多选择服务的M/G/1可修重试排队系统[J].北京交通大学学报.2007,31（6）：93-95.
[8]程凤，霍佳震.水平穿越发在带有不耐烦顾客的呼叫中心中的建模及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践.2013,33（5）：1247-1254.
[9]彭懿，杨向群，吴锦标.带负顾客和不耐烦顾客的离散时间Geo/G/1重试排队[J].系统工程理论与实践.2011,31（12）：2373-2379.
[10]李娜，贾博，江志斌，谢梦德.考虑顾客体验的排队系统研究[J]工业工程与管.2012,17（3）：36-46.
[11]张曦，杨超，胡丹丹.考虑市场扩张和吞并的新设施竞争选址模型[J].工业工程与管理.2009（2）：43-47.
[12]尹小玲，邓永禄，刘国柱.具有第二次多选择服务的M[x]/G/1排队系统[J].应用数学与计算数学学报.2003,17⑴：41-53.
物流管理论文参考文献二：
[1]鲍卫东：《上市物流企业成长因素分析》[J],《物流参术[装备版]》，2013年第6卷第4期，82-85页.
[2]李晨、王璐：《我国上市航运企业经营效率影响因素分析：泰于Tobit模型》[J],《经营管理》，2014年第28卷第1期，21-24页.
[3]李大元：《企业动态能力及其功效：环境不确定性的.影响》[J],《南开管理评论》，2009年第17卷第6期，60-68页.
[4]李晓蓉：《西方不同流派学者论企业多元化经营》[J],《外国经济与管理》，2003年第25卷第12期，7-11页.
[5]梁剑、丁洁：《宏观经济发展对上市公司.企耸经营绩效影响的实证分析》[J],《经济体制改革》，2011年第29卷第6期，16-19页.
[6]邓新明：《我国民营企业政治关联、多元化战略与公司绩效》》[J],《南开管理评论》，2011年第11卷第4期，4-15页.
[7]傅俊元、丁慧平：《物流企业成长能力的逻辑演进研究》[J],《物流技术》，2008年第27卷第1期，28-30页
[8]刘丹、印曼：《我国物流业上市公司成长性评价》[J],《技术经济》，2012年第31卷第11期，104-109页.
物流管理论文参考文献三：
[1]中国连锁经营协会.《2013年中国零售连锁企业统计年鉴》[M].2013
[2]中国连锁经营协会.《屮国连锁零售企业经营状况分析报告》[R].2013
[3]汝宜红，宋伯慧.《配送管理》[M].机械工业出版社.
[4]罗纳德科斯.《企业的性质》[M].经济出版社.2007
[5]曾中文.配送中心的库存控制系统研究[J].商场现代化，2007（10）
[6]周涛，程钧谟，乔忠.多品种配送的库存优化模型研究[J].系统工程.2003,9,19-23
[7]黄丽珍，李旭，王其藩.超市配送中心订货策略优化研宄[J].同济大学学报.2006（2）278-279
[8]Koulamas. Single-item and multi-item inventory system with deterministic, continuous,time-dependent demand [J]. Computer and Industrial Engineering, （1）：57-68.
[9]Ben-Daya. Inventory models involving lead time as a decision variable [J]. Operational Research Society, （4）：579-582.
[10]Rao. Properties of the periodic review （R,T） inventory control policy for stationary, stochastic demand[J]. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management,（1）：37-53.
[11]Silver, Robb. Some insights regarding the optimal reorder period in periodic review inventory systems [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2008,112（1）： 354-366
国家重要的零售业态的连锁超市，同时也是全球零售趋势。连锁超市经历了快速的发展在20世纪80年代初在中国因为超市出生，在最近几年，中国零售百强连锁超市已经占据了半壁江山，成为最重要的格式。物流系统的神经中心，连锁超市采购及分销的这种竞争优势，实现统一采购，统一存储，统一配送，分散销售的操作，大大降低了流通成本，促进高效，平稳运行的供应链，提高企业的竞争力。 连锁超市能够实现高效率，高效率的供应链管理，各地的物流系统。商品配送系统结合先进的信息技术和物流管理的核心是分析沃尔玛，家乐福，麦德龙，以及大量的世界级零售连锁店运营商的成功，并不难找到。通过物流系统的运作，连锁超市企业集中决策的决策权，以连锁企业的总部，物流活动的商品集中在基本的物流配送体系。集资金，股票，多个存储采摘活动的集中采购，从而降低物流成本，创造价格优势，赢得了客户和市场。 超市连锁经营在中国的分销行业与发达国家相比，起步较晚，中国连锁经营协会，成立于1997年，于2001年开始编辑一本书“中国连锁经营年鉴”相对100年美国的物流及分销行业在中国的历史，在20世纪80年代开始至今，只有20岁。二十多年来，中国的分销行业已经取得了很大的成就，但是，由于基础设施差，在国内历史上长期重生产轻流通，重商主义的流量情况，轻物流的思想影响，物流配送在这个阶段仍然是不成熟的，有很多的物流配送体系是原来的批发企业，储存和运输公司转变现代化水平低，设备陈旧，连锁超市在中国的年平均增长率自1994年以来的快速发展步伐，连锁超市（约70％），物流系统的建设和发展明显落后于超市的发展链。
物流管理论拉拉
物流专业论文参考文献
在学习和工作中，大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。相信写论文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是我为大家收集的物流专业论文参考文献，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
[1] 李苏剑. 钢铁行业物流系统建设综述[J]. 物流技术与应用. 20xx(04)
[2] 宋纪伟. 中小企业销售物流模式选择分析[D]. 昆明理工大学 20xx
[3] 韩影. 春雨公司汽车销售物流模式改进研究[D]. 南京理工大学 20xx
[4] 王福生. 天脊集团销售物流系统的.分析与改善研究[D]. 天津大学 20xx
[5] 李立伟. 制造业销售物流精益设计[D]. 北京工业大学 20xx
[6] 许钢. 宝钢销售物流管理及其信息系统构建研究[D]. 东北大学 20xx
[7] 侍青发. 浅论驰骋集团销售物流[D]. 内蒙古大学 20xx
[8] 殷志宏. 钢材销售物流市场主体功能定位研究[D]. 同济大学 20xx
[9] 邴吉云. 鞍山钢铁公司钢铁销售物流的优化与应用研究[D]. 吉林大学 20xx
[10] 许炜琳. N公司烟草销售物流流程优化研究[D]. 电子科技大学 20xx
[11] 潘瑶. 低碳销售物流网络优化设计研究[D]. 西南交通大学 20xx
[12] 赵道致，蒋宁. 中国钢铁物流现状分析及未来发展策略[J]. 未来与发展. 20xx(09)
[13] 梅书荣. 对钢铁企业物流整合的探析[J]. 武汉冶金管理干部学院学报. 20xx(01)
[14] 白思俊等，编着.现代项目管理概论[M]. 电子工业出版社， 20xx
[15] (美) 多纳斯 (Donath,B.) 等，着.物流与库存管理手册[M]. 电子工业出版社， 20xx
[16] 邱菀华等编着.现代项目管理导论[M]. 机械工业出版社， 20xx
[17] 陈荣，吴金南. 建立内部一体化的钢铁企业物流组织模式[J]. 经济管理. 20xx(09)
[18] 杨艳玲，张远利. 钢铁企业降低物流成本方法探讨[J]. 物流技术. 20xx(07)
[19] 张炜，张玉明，邵峰，张勇，孙泽. 大型钢铁企业运输方式的探讨[J]. 河北冶金. 20xx(02)
本人专门免费帮别人下载任何可下载的东西。我来帮你下载外文文献，使用的是模糊检索，需要找我要吧。
Government regulations In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[1] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information.[2] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.
Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as Business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market).Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business developmentThe meaning of electronic commerce has changed over the last 30 years. Originally, electronic commerce meant the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both introduced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. From the 1990s onwards, electronic commerce would additionally include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data it is introduced from the Telephone Exchange Office, or maybe earliest example of many-to-many electronic commerce in physical goods was the Boston Computer Exchange, a marketplace for used computers launched in 1982. The first online information marketplace, including online consulting, was likely the American Information Exchange, another pre-Internet online system introduced in : Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer. 1992: . Snider and Terra Ziporyn published Future Shop: How New Technologies Will Change the Way We Shop and What We Buy. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312063598. 1994: Netscape released the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Pizza Hut offered pizza ordering on its Web page. The first online bank opened. Attempts to offer flower delivery and magazine subscriptions online. Adult materials were also commercially available, as were cars and bikes. Netscape in late 1994 introduced SSL encryption that made transactions secure. 1995: Jeff Bezos launched and the first commercial-free 24 hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio started broadcasting. Dell and Cisco began to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions. eBay was founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb. 1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web. 1999: was sold for US $ million, which was purchased in 1997 for US $150,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster was launched. 2000: The dot-com bust. 2003: had its first year with a full year of profit. Business applicationsSome common applications related to electronic commerce are:E-mail and messaging Documents, spreadsheets, database Accounting and finance systems Orders and shipment information Enterprise and client information reporting Domestic and international payment systems Newsgroup On-line Shopping Messaging Conferencing Government regulationsIn the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[1] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information.[2] As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the electronic commerce involves everything from ordering "digital" content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to "meta" services to facilitate other types of electronic the consumer level, electronic commerce is mostly conducted on the World Wide Web. An individual can go online to purchase anything from books, grocery to expensive items like real estate. Another example will be online banking like online bill payments, buying stocks, transferring funds from one account to another, and initiating wire payment to another country. All these activities can be done with a few keystrokes on the the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce these days.电子商务或EC（英语: E-Commerce）是指在互联网(Internet)、企业内部网 (Intranet) 和增值网(VAN，Value Added Network)上以电子交易方式进行交易活动和相关服务活动，是传统商业活动各环节的电子化、网路化。电子商务包括电子货币交换、供应链管理、电子交易市场、网路营销、在线事务处理、电子数据交换（EDI）、存货管理和自动数据收集系统。在此过程中，利用到的信息技术包括：互联网、外联网、电子邮件、资料库、电子目录和行动电话。而广义上的电子商务—电子业务或EB（英语: E-Business）则是指对整个商业活动实现电子化，也就是指应用电脑与网路技术与现代信息化通信技术，按照一定标准，利用电子化工具（有时甚至指整个电子媒介领域，包括广播、电视、电话通讯等等）来实现包括电子商务(或电子交易)在内的商业交换和行政作业的商贸活动的全过程。发展历史在过去的30年间，电子商务的概念发生了很大的变化. 最初，电子商务意味著利用电子化的手段，将商业买卖活动简化，通常使用的技术包括电子数据交换（EDI）和电子货币转帐，这些技术均是在20世纪70年代末期开始应用。典型的应用是将采购订单和发票之类的商业文档通过电子数据的方式发送出去。电子商务中的“电子”指的是采用的技术和系统，而“商务”指的是传统的商业模式。电子商务被定义为一整套通过网路支持商业活动的过程。在70年代和80年代，信息分析技术进入电子商务。80年代，随著信用卡、自动柜员机和电话银行的逐渐被接受和应用，这些也成为电子贸易的组成部分。进入90年代，企业资源计划（ERP）、数据挖掘和数据仓库也成为电子商务的一个部分。在“.COM”时代，电子商务增加了新的组成部分——“网路贸易”，客户在数据加密传输技术支持下，利用网上商店的虚拟购物车和信用卡等电子货币支付形式，通过互联网完成商品和服务的采购。如今，电子商务的涵盖十分广泛的商业行为，从电子银行到信息化的物流管理。电子商务的增长促进了支持系统的发展和进步， 包括后台支持系统、应用系统和中间件，例如宽频和光纤网路、供应链管理模块、原料规划模块、客户关系管理模块、存货控制模块和会计核算/企业财务模块。当互联网在1994进入公众的视线时，很多记者和学者预测电子贸易将很快成为主要的商业应用模式。然而，安全协议（例如HTTPS）用了四年的时间才发展的足够成熟并获得大范围的应用。接下来，在1998年和2000年之间，大量的美国和西欧公司开发了许多不成熟的网站。虽然大量的“纯电子商务”公司在2000年和2001年的“.COM”衰退期消失了，还是有很多传统的“水泥加砖块”的零售企业认识到这些“.COM”公司揭示了潜在的有价值的市场空间，开始将电子商务的功能增加到网站上。例如，在在线食品销售公司Webvan倒闭后，两家传统的连锁超级市场Albertsons和Safeway都开始了附属的电子商务功能，消费者可以直接在线订购食品。电子商务的成功因素技术和组织方面在很多案例中，一个电子商务公司存活下来，不仅仅是基於自身的产品，而且还拥有一个有能力的管理团队、良好的售前服务、组织良好的商业结构、网路基础和一个安全的，设计良好的网站，这些因素包括：足够的市场研究和分析。电子商务需要有可行的商业计划并遵守供需的基本原理。在电子商务领域的失败往往和其他商业领域的一样，缺乏对商业基本原则的领会。 一支出色的被信息技术策略武装起来的管理团队。一个公司的信息战略需要成为商业流程重组的一个部分。 为客户提供一个方便而且安全的方式进行交易。信用卡是最互联网上普遍的支付手段，大约90%的在线支付均使用信用卡的方式完成。在过去，加密的信用卡号码信息通过独立的第三方支付网关在顾客和商户之间传递，现在大部分小企业和个体企业还是如此。如今大部分规模稍大的公司直接在网站上通过与商业银行或是信用卡公司之间的协议处理信用卡交易。 提供高可靠性和安全性的交易。例如利用并行计算、硬体冗余、失败处理、信息加密和网路防火墙技术来达到这个需求。 提供360度视角的客户关系，即确保无论是公司的雇员、供应商还是伙伴均可以获得对客户完整和一致的视角，而不是被选择或者过滤得信息。因为，客户不会对在权威主义（老大哥）监视的感觉有好的评价。 构建一个商业模型。如果在2000年的教科书上有这麼一段，很多“.com”公司可能不会破产。 设计一个电子商务价值链，关注在数量有限的核心竞争力上，而不是一个一站购齐的解决方案。如果合适的编制程序，网路商店可以在专业或者通用的特性中获得其中一个。 运作最前沿或者尽可能的接近最前沿的技术，并且在紧紧跟随技术的变化。（但是需要记住，商业的基本规则和技术的基本规则有很大的区别，不要同样在商业模式上赶时髦） 建立一个足够敏感和敏捷的组织，及时应对在经济、社会和环境上发生的任何变化。 提供一个有足够吸引力的网站。有品味的使用颜色、图片、动画、照片、字体和足够的留白空间可以达到这一目标。 流畅的商业流程，可以通过流程再造和信息技术来获得。 提供能完全理解商品和服务的信息，不仅仅包括全部产品信息还有可靠的顾问建议和挑选建议。 自然，电子商务供应商行业需要履行普世的原则，例如保证提供的商品的质量和可用性、物流的可靠性，并且及时有效的处理客户的投诉。在网路环境下，有一个独一无二的特点，客户可以获得远多於传统的“砖块+水泥”地商业环境下关於商家顾客为先一个成功的电子商务机构必须提供一个既满意而又具意义的经验给顾客。都由各种顾客为先因素构成，包括以下:提供额外的利益给顾客: 电子销售商如要做到这一点，可提供产品或其产品系列，以一个较低的价格吸引潜在的客户、如传统商贸一样. 提供优质服务: 提供一个互动及易於使用的购买经验及场所，亦如传统零售商一样， 都有助某程度上达至上述目标。为鼓励顾客再回来购买。可利用赠品或促销礼券、优惠及折扣等。 还可以互相连接其他相关网站和广告联盟等。 提供个人服务: 提供个人化的网站、购买建议、个人及特别优惠的方式，有助增加互动、人性化来代替传统的销售方式。 提供社区意识: 可以聊天室、讨论板以及一些忠诚顾客计划(亦称亲和力计划)都对提供社区意识有一定的帮助。 令顾客拥有全面性的体验: 提供电子个人化服务，根据顾客的喜好，提供个别服务，使顾客感受与别不同的体验，便可成为公司独特的卖点及品牌。 自助方式: 提供自助式服务网站、易用及无须协助的环境，都有一定的帮助。包括所有的产品资料，交叉推销信息、谘询产品补替、用品及配件选择等。 提供各种资讯: 如个人电子通讯录、网上购物等。透过丰富的比较资料及良好的搜索设备，提供信息和构件安全、健康的评论给顾客。可协助个人电子服务来确定更多潜在顾客。 失败因素个人资料的外泄是最大的因素，如果有骇客破解网页原始码，并在网页上种下木马或是病毒，只要你登入并打上个人资料，骇客便可以马上知道你在网页上打下哪些个人资料。所以如何保护顾客的个资等是电子商务最大的问题，如果不妥善处理，那此电子店家便会被淘汰。
E-business environment under the logistics and distributionAbstract: e-commerce under the logistics and distribution will help reduce production business inventories and accelerate capital turnover, enhance logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, and stimulate the social needs and is conducive to the whole community's macro-control and promote the healthy operation of the market economy and electronic Business to develop in depth. Key words: e-commerce distributionFirst, China's development of logistics distribution E-commerce logistics entity is the core issue of the distribution items. China, as a developing country, the logistics industry to its late start, low level, the introduction of e-commerce, e-commerce did not have to support the activities of the modern logistics level. However, since e-commerce in China to settle down, people did not stop distribution of the discussion. At present, China mainly three types of e-commerce distribution model, is a full distribution system, that is, the domestic Internet-based, to various regions of the country's logistics system has been linked by agreement, a comprehensive distribution network for the entire process straight . The second category is a regional system of a single business model. Partial to the original business of a single regional distribution site for the base and be integrated, similar to a single business to business services, computer networking, the entire system of networking, and automated management. The third category is professional distribution system of the model. Such as postal communications, railway transport, air, water, Qiyun and other departments have been the perfect use of the national transport network resources to carry out specialized distribution. From across the country, China has long been subject to the impact of the planned economy, low levels of social logistics, logistics management system confusion, the existing three categories of e-commerce distribution model is not yet ripe, efficiency is not high, but in the red. Therefore, the need for China's economic development, enterprise reform and development of e-commerce logistics and distribution, learn from developed countries through the road and experience from China in 1992 began a logistics distribution center of the experimental work. In 1996 the Internal Trade issued "on strengthening the commercial development of logistics distribution center construction work of the notice," pointed out the development and construction of logistics distribution center the importance of the proposed development and construction of the guiding ideology and principle, put forward the "mechanisms and intensive Management, improve the function of the development of the logistics and enhance strength "of the reform and development principles, to establish modern logistics distribution center to change the social construction of logistics distribution centers, the development of modern network as the main direction. Second, China's logistics and distribution patterns and problems of At present, China's increased the number of e-commerce sites, transactions involving goods of daily necessities and other non-consumables, and on its e-commerce distribution model, can be divided into three types, namely operating BtoB (business to business) business model, BtoC (Business to consumers) model and the virtual logistics company model, in practice, although these three models get the recognition and application of common, but in e-commerce and distribution of convergence and optimal operation, there are still many problems, reflected in concrete : China's current social low level of information networks, network infrastructure is relatively weak, especially as e-commerce platform for the delivery and billing infrastructure lags behind, the computer penetration rate low rate of Internet users only about 8 percent and are mainly concentrated in major cities , The use of Internet users in the real rate of online shopping less than percent, electronic shopping credit has not been widely recognized. The understanding of the importance of e-commerce logistics enough. Availability of the overall level of enterprise network low ratio of less than Internet companies, logistics enterprise information construction lagged behind, logistics and distribution of specialization, social, electronic, modern low level. There have been serious problems of poor business reputation, late delivery, delivery or do not send the wrong frequent phenomenon. E-commerce logistics infrastructure is not yet perfect, logistics systems theory is not enough, the logistics technology is still very backward, China's logistics workers and practice the theory of modern logistics of the new theories, new technologies, such as integrated supply chain management, third party logistics, automation Warehouse, automatic sorting system, global positioning system (GPS), and so has just contacted. Jidong of the lack of e-commerce and e-commerce technology has practical experience in human resources, in particular the lack of Jidong e-commerce and logistics distribution to understand the innovative spirit of the compound talents. Third, logistics and healthy development of the countermeasure 1. Enhance the degree of information. Distribution of information for performance: the logistics of the database of information collection and code, the logistics of the electronic information processing and computer, the transmission of information and the standardization of real-time logistics information such as the digital storage. Therefore, the bar-code technology, database technology, electronic ordering system, electronic data exchange, radio frequency technology, management information systems, enterprise resource planning, and other advanced management strategy should be in China's logistics and distribution enterprises to promote use. Information is all modern technology and management tools of the foundation, only to achieve distribution of information can take up to the era of e-commerce distribution industry and historic task. 2. Improve the logistics management system, improve service quality. Internet shopping for the delivery time is too long and has yet to supply the phenomenon as e-commerce company in order to better serve customers, suppliers and customers should be strengthened between the exchange of information and feedback. This will save users to order processing fees, users can also save time and gradually raise awareness of online shopping sense of trust, making good steady development of e-commerce. 3. Distribution lower prices. China's large-scale development of e-commerce online shopping has been difficult, logistics and distribution costs high, especially in the type of Internet transactions, for each client to achieve door-to-door is the high cost, we must work hard to reduce costs, e-commerce solution Logistics and distribution companies and distribution services among enterprises in the prices of contradictions. 4. Perfect laws and policies. E-commerce for the logistics and distribution problems, the relevant government departments should actively study the characteristics of e-commerce, the rapid development of targeted laws, regulations and policies to regulate e-commerce activities, enterprises and consumers in general to increase the confidence of e-commerce Flu. 5. Actively developing third-party logistics enterprises. "TPL" refers to the logistics business from the supply side and demand-side beyond the completion of a third party, in a sense that it is a form of logistics professionalism, "third-party logistics" in logistics management experience, Talent, technology, philosophy and other areas have certain advantages, the e-commerce transactions in both supply and demand of all the logistics activities of agent credentials, well-funded third-party logistics, the logistics can take full advantage of modern technology, is built on the foundation of modern information network technology On the logistics management software to ensure that customers at any time and any place check of goods and provision of supporting services, e-commerce transactions between the parties involved in the logistics can be entrusted to professional logistics enterprises, concentrate on developing the electronics market and business efficiency of the e-commerce BtoB transactions. The establishment of a national logistics public information platform, the development of 4PL. 4PL is a supply chain integrator, mobilization and management organizations and their complementarity of the service provider's resources, capacity and technology to provide an integrated supply chain solutions. Clearly, 4PL must meet three conditions: not the interests of the logistics side, to achieve information sharing, the ability to integrate all the logistics resources. And really meet these conditions, only a virtual network of platforms, and this is the logistics and public information platform. It provides comprehensive supply chain solutions to social integration of logistics resources, enhance the country's logistics industry integrated collaborative capabilities.电子商务环境下的物流配送摘要：电子商务下的物流配送既有利于减少生产企业库存，加速资金周转，提高物流效率，降低物流成本，又刺激了社会需求，有利于整个社会的宏观调控，促进市场经济的健康运行及电子商务向纵深发展。关键词：电子商务 物流 配送一、我国物流配送发展概况 电子商务物流的核心问题是实体物品的配送。我国作为一个发展中国家，物流业起步较晚，水平低，在引进电子商务时，并不具备能够支持电子商务活动的现代化物流水平。但自从电子商务在中国落户，人们就没有停止对物流配送问题的讨论。目前，我国主要有三类电子商务物流配送模式，一类是全程物流配送系统，即以国内互联网为基础，把全国各地区已有的物流系统通过协议联系起来，形成全方位的全程直投配送网。第二类是区域性单一业务系统改造模式。以原有局部区域性单一业务的配送站点为基础，并加以集成，把单一业务改为同类业务服务，通过计算机联网，实现整个系统的网络化、自动化管理。第三类是专业化配送系统改造模式。如邮政通讯、铁运、空运、水运、汽运等部门利用已有的完善的全国性运输网络资源进行专业化配送。从全国范围来看，我国长期以来受计划经济的影响，物流社会化程度低，物流管理体制混乱，已有的三类电子商务物流配送模式还不成熟，效率不高，而且处于亏损状态。因此，针对我国经济发展需要、企业改革及电子商务物流配送发展现状，借鉴发达国家走过的道路和经验，我国从1992年起开始了物流配送中心的试点工作。1996年原国内贸易部发出了《关于加强商业物流配送中心发展建设工作的通知》，指出了发展建设物流配送中心的重要意义，提出发展建设的指导思想和原则，同时提出了“转换机制、集约经营、完善功能、发展物流、增强实力”的改革与发展方针，确定以向现代化物流配送中心转变，建设社会化的物流配送中心，发展现代化网络为主要方向。 二、我国物流配送模式及存在的问题 目前我国电子商务网站数量大增，交易商品涉及日用品及其他非易耗品等，就其电子商务物流配送模式而言，可分为三种类型，分别是经营BtoB（商家对商家）业务的模式、BtoC（商家对消费者）的模式以及虚拟物流公司模式，在实践中这三种模式虽然得到共同的认同与应用，但在电子商务与物流配送的接轨和优化运行上还存在许多问题，具体体现在： 中国目前的社会信息网络化水平低，网络基础设施相对薄弱，特别是作为电子商务平台的传递和结算基础设施滞后，计算机普及率低，网民比率只有8%左右，并主要集中在各大中城市，网民中真正采用网上购物的比率不到，电子购物的信用没有得到广泛认同。 对电子商务物流的重要性认识不够。供货企业网络化整体水平低，上网企业比率不足，物流企业信息化建设滞后，物流配送的专业化、社会化、电子化、现代化程度低。 存在严重的商业信誉差的问题，迟送、送错或不送现象时有发生。 电子商务物流基础尚不完善，物流理论还不够系统，物流技术还很落后，我国物流理论工作者和实践者对现代物流的新理论、新技术，如集成化供应链管理、第三方物流、自动化立体仓库、全自动分拣系统、全球定位系统（GPS）等才刚刚接触。 缺乏既懂电子商务理论和技术又有电子商务实践经验人才，尤其缺乏既懂电子商务又懂物流配送的有创新精神的复合型人才。三、物流配送健康发展的对策 1.提高信息化程度。物流配送信息化表现为：物流信息收集的数据库化和代码化、物流信息处理的电子化和计算机化、信息传递的标准化和实时化、物流信息存储的数字化等。因此,条码技术、数据库技术、电子订货系统、电子数据交换、射频技术、管理信息系统、企业资源计划等先进的管理策略，应在我国的物流配送企业大力推广运用。信息化是一切现代技术和管理手段的基础，只有实现物流配送信息化,才能承担起电子商务时代赋予物流配送业的历史任务。 2.完善物流管理系统功能,提高售后服务质量。针对网上购物出现的送货时间过长以及迟迟没有货源的现象，作为电子商务公司为了能更好的服务于顾客，应加强顾客和供货商之间信息的交流与反馈。这样可以给用户节约订单处理费用，又可以节约用户的时间，逐渐提高人们对网上购物的信任感，使得电子商务良性稳步发展。 3.降低配送服务价格。我国发展电子商务实现大规模的网上购物一直困难重重，物流配送费用偏高，特别是零售型的网上交易，为每个客户实现送货上门是高成本的，必须努力降低成本，解决电子商务公司与物流配送企业之间在配送服务价格方面的矛盾。 4.完善法律政策。针对电子商务物流配送出现的种种问题，政府有关部门应该积极研究电子商务的特点，迅速制定有针对性地法律、法规和政策，以规范电子商务活动，增加企业和广大消费者对电子商务的信任感。 5.积极发展第三方物流企业。“第三方物流”是指物流由商务的供方、需方之外的第三方完成,从某种意义上说它是物流专业化的一种形式，“第三方物流”一般在物流管理经验、人才、技术、理念等方面都具有一定的优势,对电子商务交易中供求双方的所有物流活动进行全权代理，同时第三方物流资金雄厚,可以充分利用现代物流技术,具有建立在现代信息网络技术基础上的物流管理软件,保证客户在任何时间、任何地点查看货物及提供配套的服务，参与电子商务交易的双方可以把物流委托给专业物流企业,专心于电子市场的开拓和商务效率的提高电子商务BtoB交易模式。 建立全国物流公共信息平台，发展第四方物流。第四方物流是一个供应链集成商，它调集和管理组织自己的以及具有互补性的服务提供商的资源、能力和技术，以提供一个综合的供应链解决方案。显然，第四方物流必须满足三个条件：不是物流的利益方、能实现信息共享、有能力整合所有的物流资源。而真正满足这些条件的只有一种虚拟的物流网平台，这就是全国物流公共信息平台。它能提供综合的供应链解决方案，以整合社会物流资源，提高我国物流产业的综合协同能力。
请问,这个文献的作者是谁啊
随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。越来越多的管理者认为实行计算机科学化管理是解决这一问题的关键。 物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。采用计算机软件管理信息是解决上述问题的一个行之有效的办法。 物流管理软件，就是根据物流运输企业业务流程，将企业业务的各类数据联系起来，组成一个有机的系统，使得业务、财务、市场等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地传递，并经过综合处理生成各种报表送交给各个职能部门及决策层。应用物流管理软件系统不仅可以节省大量的人力，减少工作中的失误，对客户的询问可以迅速的从电脑中查询信息答复客户，而且可以帮助决策者及时调整公司经营策略，提高公司在同行业中的知名度，增强公司的竞争力。 过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。 随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。 （一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。 （二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。 （三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。 （四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。 （五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。 （六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。 （七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。 （八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。 （九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。 （十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。 Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key. The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procedure, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means. The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and produces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reduces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power. In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure. Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major tendencies. (1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly. (2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion. (3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the production material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development gradually by the forecast foundation. (4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive. (5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions. (6) changes the procedure conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procedure -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procedure type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point. (7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better product and the service. (8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system. (9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procedure to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the individual personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development. (10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation
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