我眼中的陶渊明,他像一泓清泉,静静地流淌在山林之间,清澈的泉水恰似他纯净的心灵。我眼中的陶渊明,它像一袭微风,他的田园诗,永远那么清新脱俗,拂去尘埃世俗,所及之所,虽只有枝叶轻舞,殊不知唤醒的是久久沉睡的心灵。我眼中的陶渊明,他像一朵淡菊,高傲地绽放在山间,散发独特的幽香,哪怕一辈子无人知晓,也要远离市嚣,追寻恬淡闲适的生活。我眼中的陶渊明,永远的白衣胜雪,衣袂飘飘,就像周敦颐笔下的莲花,郑燮笔下的青竹。他不在乎名利,而是用自己的笔描绘令人神往的桃花源来寄托自己的理想。写出“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”这样的千古佳句抒写归隐生活的闲适。有时,我甚至觉得他就是一个不食人间烟火的仙人。他的文章,不加雕饰,没有精致的修辞,华美的辞藻,一如他的粗茶淡饭,粗布短衣。似无意为诗,却处处流露出对污浊世风的厌恶和对安贫乐道,归因自然的生活的享受。
陶渊明的田园诗论文提纲
陶渊明的诗文平易朴实,淳厚有味,语言真切,朴素,简洁,明确,通俗而精练,深入浅出。在编写论文的时候要注意把这些陶渊明的诗词特点理清,那么写作的思路就清晰了。
内容提要:
中国诗坛,人才辈出,其中“五柳先生”就是一位杰出的诗人,他出身在东晋,是魏晋南北朝时期最负盛名的作家,他的田园诗不多,却在中国诗歌史上享有崇高的地位。他厌恶污浊的官场,绝然躬耕田园,矢志不改。在田园生活中,他领略了田园的美好,民风的淳朴,也尝尽了生活的艰辛。他还将当时士大夫所不耻的田园风光、劳动生活带入到诗歌领域,开创了中国诗歌史上田园诗创作的先河。他的田园诗风格自然质朴,体现了自然质朴的创新美、自然淡永的抒情美、意境盎然的形象美、质朴无华的语言美,对后世文学也产生了巨大的影响。他“自然”的风格至今都可称谓“前无古人,后无来者”,几乎无人能超越其艺术的高峰。
关键词:创新、抒情、形象、语言
学校(院系):*****
班级:*****
学号:*****
中国诗正文:坛,人才辈出。其中“五柳先生”就是一位杰出的诗人,他出身在东晋,是魏晋南北朝时期最负盛名的作家。他就是第一个以田园景色和田园生活为题材,创立了我国古典诗歌田园诗派的陶渊明。
陶渊明,(365-427),又名潜,字元亮,浔阳柴桑(今江西九江)人,东晋末年著名诗人,田园诗派的开创者,别号“五柳先生”。这是作者晚年,时适战乱频繁,作者为了洁身自好,归隐田园,过上自食其力的生活,于是托名“五托先生”,写《五柳先生传》来表现他的志趣。陶渊明的田园诗不多,却在中国诗歌史上享有崇高的地位。他厌恶污浊的官场,绝然躬耕田园,矢志不改。在田园生活中,他领略了田园的美好,民风的淳朴,也尝尽了生活的艰辛。虽他饱受困顿之苦,却不返官场半步。这种高洁的德操常人难以企及,也震撼着人心。他还将当时士大夫所不耻的田园风光、劳动生活带入到诗歌领域,开创了中国诗歌史上田园诗创作的先河。
提起陶渊明,人们便会谈起他的隐逸和他的田园诗。他的归隐,绝不是“只在此山中,云深不知处”的仙踪难寻,而是真真切切的不愿做官,实实在在的躬耕田园。他不仅真正参加了劳动,而且讴歌着田园风光、劳动生活,为诗歌题材注入了新鲜的血液。而其自然质朴的风格更为他获得了“田园诗人”的桂冠,被誉为“古今隐逸诗人之宗”(钟嵘语)。我认为,陶渊明的田园诗之所以受到历代特别是唐宋以来诸多名家的推崇,原因就在于其自然质朴的风格。
一、自然质朴的创新美
陶渊明的诗在生活题材上,在语言锤炼上,在表现手法上,都具有鲜明的创新性。其田园诗作,继“风骚”,承“三曹”,开诗坛田园之先河。在《归园田居》其三中写道“种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀;晨兴理荒秽,带月荷锄归。”苏轼与友人读完此诗,在《书渊明诗》中无限深情的写道:“览渊明此诗,相与太息。噫嘻,以夕露沾衣之故,而犯所愧者矣!”劳作的甘苦,通过陶渊明的田园诗,第一次在文人创作中得到歌颂。四十四岁以后,陶渊明连遭不幸,阅历日深,对衣食和劳动有了更加现实深刻的理解。在《庚戌岁九月中于西田获早稻》诗劈面则提出“人生归有道,衣食固其端。孰是都不营,而以求自安。”可以看出陶渊明高于晋人和文学史上很多优秀作家之处,就在于他以躬耕不懈寻求到了人生的新意境。
他的“平畴交远风,良苗亦怀新。”“榆柳荫后檐,桃李罗堂前。”在语言上的通俗、朴素、精练、深情而近似“田家语”的白描手法,都达到了“一语天然万古新,豪华落尽见真淳”(元好问《论诗三十首》,的艺术效果。“榈庭多落叶,慨然知已秋”的信笔拈来,“时复墟曲中,披草共来往”,“农务各自归,闲暇辄相思”等用质朴语言形象创新性的反映了诗人对劳作的新认识、新感情,苏轼称“非古之耦耕植杖者不能道此语;非余之世农,亦不能识别此语之妙也。”(《题渊明》)陶渊明的田园诗不烦绳削的佳作,较之晋宋那些穷力追新,极貌写物,因辞累句叠而损伤了真正自然美的山水诗,给人以清新自然的享受。
二、自然淡永的抒情美
诗的生命是情感,陶渊明的田园诗有对田园宁静恬淡乡间生活的写照:“暧暧远人村,依依墟里烟”。对他亲躬陇亩则更是自然朴实的抒情:“白日掩荆扉,虚室绝尘想。”农村生活环境较之官场的“雷同毁异,物恶其上”的喧嚣倾轧,更使诗人深感田园生活的清净闲适。在田园劳作中,他也切实找到了和劳动人民“话桑麻”的共同语言:“相思则披衣,言笑无厌时”(《移居》其二)仕途痛苦反复使他清醒看到官场生涯与他“性本爱山丘”的心性是不相容的,“久在樊笼里,复得返自然”。清人温汝能说:“陶诗多真趣。”(《陶诗汇评》)这里点出陶渊明田园诗中那种舒适淡永的一往深情,确实是发自内心的,他对田园之爱于字里行间真切流出,给人以丰富有韵、回味无穷的美的感染。
元代陈绎真评论陶渊明田园诗的风格时说:“陶渊明心存忠义,心处闲逸,情真景真,几于《十九首》矣。”《诗谱》这段话点明了陶渊明田园诗所写的事均出自他的真情实感,自然美妙。在表达感情的方式上,陶渊明的田园诗善于把自我抒情自然融合于客观事物中,如《饮酒》其五“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,于自然摹写典型景物中,物我合一,表现了诗人闲适、恬静、淡泊的自我心境。陶渊明田园诗的质朴自然抒情,是和诗的内容相关联的,质朴来自贫困寒微的生活境遇,清净自然淡永是傲视腐化罪恶社会和崇尚自由人生品格的体现。
三、意境盎然的形象美
陶渊明的.田园诗在创作过程中所塑造的形象是用点染白描手法,多取材于现实生活中常见的事物,并不着意刻画,苏东坡说:“渊明诗初视若散缓,熟视之有奇趣。”(《冷斋夜话》)所谓“奇趣”,包括诗中流露出的真情实意,也包含诗人艺术上的独特创造所给人的审美意境,古人曾指出陶渊明的田园诗“遇境成趣,趣境两忘”的特点。(许学夷《诗源辩体》)
陶渊明田园诗塑造的形象还富有理想的色彩。诗人在《桃花源记》提出了“桃花源”的社会理想,这里人人参加劳动“相命肆农耕,日入从所憩”。劳动成果归自己,没有封建剥削,“春蚕收长丝,秋熟靡王税”。陶渊明的田园诗在塑造形象时,能够使景,“依依远人村”;事,“种豆南山下”;理,“欲辩已忘言”,巧妙融合,创造出景、情、理浑融深厚的艺术境界。诗人把对自然景色的观赏体会与领悟到的人生真意联系到一起,使诗歌的景、情、理达到了高度完美的统一,正如苏轼所言“质而实绮,癯而实腴。”这种独特塑造形象的风格构成了陶渊明田园诗意境盎然的形象美。
四、质朴无华的语言美
陶渊明的田园诗语言虽然极近普通的“田家语”,却是经过高度艺术提炼的,而在这精粹传神的语言中又都含有丰富的情感、典型的形象。“蔼蔼堂前林,中夏贮清阴”一个“贮”字,用在这里,形象生动新鲜传神,中夏清幽林阴好像是可贮存、可掬取的一泓清泉。“有风自南,翼彼新苗”一个普通的“翼”字,同样使我们清晰动感地看到那和煦南风温存抚爱着欣欣向荣的禾苗的景象,生意盎然。“春秋多佳日,登高赋新诗,过门更相呼,有酒斟酌之。”平淡无奇的四句诗却写出了一片生动田园生活和谐欢快的声音和气氛。北宋诗人梅尧臣说:“作诗无古今,唯造平淡难。”陶渊明的田园诗语言能够做到如此平淡朴素而又寓意深远,的确难能可贵。他的一些诗句如“久在樊笼里,复得返自然。”“顾盼莫谁知,荆扉昼常闭。”“悲风爱静夜,林鸟喜晨开。”看似淡然没有精雕细琢,细细品味,其实都是颇具匠心的“奇句”。
总之,陶渊明的诗歌语言就是经过提炼的“田家语”,是自然的再现,简净、含蓄却又至为丰美,是蕴寓于通俗中的神奇。正如苏轼在《与苏辙书》中云;“渊明作诗不多,然其诗质而实绮,”著名诗词评论家叶嘉莹教授也评道:“陶渊明的殆无长语的省净的诗篇,与他躬耕归隐的质朴生活,在其省净的简单之外,原都蕴蓄着一种极为繁复丰美的大可研求的深意。”元好问评曰:一语天然万古新,豪华落尽见真淳。
虽然陶渊明的田园诗在绮靡文风盛行的东晋并未受到多大的关注,但是到了唐宋以后,却得到了诸多诗人的企慕与推崇。其以无穷的魅力产生了深远的影响。我们可以很轻易的在东晋以后的诗人诗作中找到这种影响的痕迹。如谢灵运的山水诗,王维、孟浩然的山水田园诗,还有诸多的学陶渊明田园诗等。也正如清代文人沈德潜说:“陶诗胸次浩然,其中一段渊深朴茂不可到处。唐人祖述者,王右承有其清腴,孟山人有其闲远,储太祝有其朴实,韦左司有其冲和,柳义曹有峻洁,皆学焉而得其性之所近。”可见在中国诗史上,陶渊明的诗歌创作熏陶和影响一大批诗人。陶渊明也不愧为我国文学史上把五言诗的创作推向高峰的一位大诗人。
学校(院系):九江职业大学师范学院
班级:06语文教育(2)班
学号:0631240
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4、程郁缀著《唐诗宋词》北京·北京大学出版社,2003年版
5、李华主编《陶渊明诗文常析集》巴蜀书社出版,1998年版
一、高考作文优秀片段---陶渊明1、“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,中国文人里,又有谁能将心澄净到如此境界,以至于只剩下南山之菊?陶渊明选择了归隐之路。这一路走得潇洒,走得清明。然而,陶潜除了饮酒采菊之外,还做了些什么?这或许连他自己都无法回答。归隐之路为中国无数文人选择,但正如余秋雨先生所言:“自我完善式的道德导致了整体上的不道德。”或许是历史的机缘,促成了一座文学的丰碑。但历史的路若要向前延伸,凭千万个陶渊明能够走出吗?2、晋代田园诗人陶渊明也曾热衷于官场,想在仕途上一展自己的抱负。但当他做了彭泽县令,了解到官场的黑暗以后,便毅然辞官归隐,“羁鸟倦旧林,池鱼思故渊”,他还是喜欢“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的生活,从此躬耕农田,不问世事。他找到了自己的位置,实现了他的人生价值。3、陶潜伴着“庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶”中的翩翩起舞的蝴蝶在东蓠之下悠然采菊。面对南山,渊明选择忘记,忘记那些官场的丑恶,忘记自己遇到的所有不快,这是心灵的选择,这是过河人在“河”的两岸所做出的明智的选择,这更是明智的“摆渡”。4、是那个“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的隐士,是那个“但识琴中趣,何劳弦上声”的雅人,是那个“戴月荷锄归”的农夫,对!是他,是这享誉文坛百千年的陶渊明。他不愿“为五斗米折腰”,挂印归田园。他忘却了官场的失意,忘却了仕途的不达,却记住了世人的愿望,写出了心中的圣地——桃花源。5、远离尘世,隐归田园,看花开花落。陶渊明生活很清逸,很自由,像蓝天中的白云,像大海中的鱼鳞,因为有菊,那颗渴望自由的心被官场的牢笼束缚太久了,难道没有什么寄托?选菊吧!清新淡雅,与世无争,不正像他不羁的性格吗?是陶诗将心寄托于菊,寻回了一方心灵的净土,也是陶诗让菊带上了品质高洁,与世无争的高姿态帽子流传至今。6、一簇簇幽幽香菊在院子里静放,娇美的蝴蝶在花丛中翩翩起舞,山涧清泉一直流过家院门口。早上,雾色渐渐散去。透过微薄的阳光,一位老人拿着锄头,提着竹篮,向院中走去。“山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还……”他吟唱诗句,步履悠闲地跨进了院子……他便是陶渊明。7、幽幽香菊与他为伴,下地耕耘自给自足。闲暇时,便以清泉沏上菊花茶,细细品味;农忙时,便与菊花相枕相依,乐在其中。陶渊明的确生活得自在,他的身上处处洋溢着与众不同清闲与旷达!8、背负了太多岁月的阴影,真的让他好累。沉溺于过去,也必将让他丧失了现在和未来,于是,他选择了离开。酣眠的午夜,他一个人,随着孤零零的帆影,踏上了回乡的小船。月光还是黯淡的,四周还是静谧的。他的衣袖随风飘摇,但此时,他却拥有几分坦然,几分欢喜。全新的生活随着初升的太阳,就要开始了,他与朋友、家人一同早出晚归享受着田园之乐,他与他们一起品尝着粗茶淡饭,享受着那一分简单无忧的友情以及难得的亲情。(这段小文为我们点染了陶渊明的远离官场的轻松、归途之乐和田园之致,在叙述中不乏精美、自然的语言点缀。)9、小船在水面轻轻摇荡、漂浮着,微风飘飘柔柔地吹拂我的衣衫,轻轻暧暧地爱抚我的面颊,踏着山雀的歌韵,我醉饮船前船后的山泉。青山回响着船桨的激水,将我所有的乡愁揉碎。眼前是一帧浓浓淡淡的黑白照片,两岸静卧的野草是它的背景。我倾听鸟的对唱,虫的独吟。阳光斜洒,洒满我回家的路。远远的,能看见那个宁静而温馨的茅屋,笼罩在淡烟里,飘渺虚无……(这是一篇情景交融最好体现的作品。那种无忧的恬淡如闲适的中国画,一缕一缕向我们走来,小船、微风、歌韵、阳光组合成了一幅似静又动的画面。陶渊明就生活在那样的环境里,我们才知道,距离我们那么遥远的五柳先生竟是这样的洒脱、无羁。)10、在竞争日益激烈的现代社会,陶渊明大约是很寂寞的,把他引为知己者应该已经很少。人们要关心收入、职称、住房,关心孩子的学习、就业、婚姻,关心上司的意图甚至神情,关心自己的仕途升迁……心被各种现实问题塞满的现代人,哪里有闲工夫如陶老夫子一样去观松赏菊,引酒赋诗呢?特别是在某些以所谓弘道济世、气干青云自诩的人的心中,这“中国第一大隐”官场失意便避世无为的态度更让他们不屑,比起杜甫的“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”的忧国忧民来,那不啻有霄壤之别。11、我们怎样在喧嚣的尘世让心中积郁的块垒消散,怎样在繁杂的市声中让浮躁的心灵宁静,穿越时间隧道,在陶渊明的南野田园中飘荡,与寂寞的诗魂倾心交谈,或许能让甘泉涌过荒漠,在胸中流出一片绿洲。且让我们想像一下陶夫子归家时的情景。宽袍大袖,迎着轻爽的河风,立于船头的陶公,在这样的晨光熹微中,奔向温馨的家居。他的神态是那样的幸福、轻松、安详、超脱,这时的他实实在在像一只“久在樊笼里,复得返自然”的小鸟呢!12、陶渊明是寂寞的,这寂寞就在一个真字,真性情,真言语,真行为。要做到这一个真字,还真需要一番勇气和智慧。在矢志不移和随波逐流之间,在现实利益和神圣价值发生冲突时,选择的天平最终将偏向哪一端?这是一个随时随地都在发生的问题。“人生到处知何似,应似飞鸿踏雪泥。泥上偶然留指爪,鸿飞哪复计东西。”人生是短暂的,人生需要旷达。现代人,守住内心的寂寞,别让心灵蒙尘,因为寂寞是一种美丽,寂寞使人诗意地安居
对陶渊明的人物评价是什么呢?鲁迅《题未定草(七)》:陶潜正因为并非浑身是“静穆”,所以他伟大。朱光潜《诗论》:渊明在情感生活上经过极端底苦闷,达到极端底和谐肃穆。梁启超《陶渊明之文艺及其品格》:自然界是他爱恋的伴侣,常常对着他笑。李调元《雨村诗话》:渊明诗清远闲放,是其本色,而其中有一段深古朴茂不可及处。乔亿《剑溪说诗》:陶诗混然元古,在六朝中自为一格。扩展资料:饮酒诗陶渊明是中国文学史上第一个大量写饮酒诗的诗人。他的以“醉人”的语态或指责是非颠倒、毁誉雷同的上流社会;或反映仕途的险恶;或表现诗人退出官场后怡然陶醉的心情;或表现诗人在困顿中的牢骚不平。咏怀诗陶渊明的咏怀诗以《杂诗》十二首,《读山海经》十三首为代表。《杂诗》十二首多表现了自己归隐后有志难骋的政治苦闷,抒发了自己不与世俗同流合污的高洁人格。可见诗人内心无限深广的忧愤情绪。《读山海经》十三首借吟咏《山海经》中的奇异事物表达了同样的内容,如第十首借歌颂精卫、刑天的“猛志固常在”来抒发和表明自己济世志向永不熄灭。田园诗陶渊明的田园诗数量最多,成就最高。这类诗充分表现了诗人守志不阿的高尚节操;充分表现了诗人对淳朴的田园生活的热爱,对劳动的认识和对劳动人民的友好感情;充分表现了诗人对理想世界的追求和向往。陶渊明是田园诗的开创者。他的田园诗以纯朴自然的语言、高远拔俗的意境,为中国诗坛开辟了新天地,并直接影响到唐代田园诗派。在他的田园诗中,随处可见的是他对污浊现实的厌烦和对恬静的田园生活的热爱。
鲁迅先生说,“陶潜正因为并非‘浑身是‘静穆’,所以他伟大’梁启超说,“自然界是他爱恋的伴侣,常常对着他笑”。林语堂说,“陶渊明是整个中国文学传统上最和谐最完美的人物,他的生活方式和风格是简朴的,令人敬畏,使那些聪明与谙于世故的人自惭形秽“。这是名人对他的评价,陶渊明是大隐士,而我在陶渊明的归隐中看到了诗化的归隐,归隐如诗般有意境和耐人寻味。千百年来在整个中国古代封建社会的大背景下,仕隐情结一直是很多古代文人难解并深为之扰的一个情结。作为他们中的一员,陶渊明自不例外,且体现在他身上的这种独特、鲜明又执着的仕隐观是后代文人所不可企及的。据说他最后一次从官场辞职时已经四十二岁了。这就是那一最为人们津津乐道的“不为五斗米而折腰”的著名行为。从此,他就彻底回到田园之中了。但陶渊明并没有从现实中抽身退出,从而成为一个虚无主义的隐士,相反,他更加真实的热爱着具体的生活,这也是千百年来人们一直没有遗忘他的一个深层次的原因。陶渊明只是从仕途中退出,而不是从生活中退出,或者说,他从仕途之中退出,转身回到了自己更加个人化的生活之中。也正如木斋先生说的“出世但不离世”。这样,陶渊明才成为了陶渊明。只有我们置身于一种真实的生活状态之中时,我们才有可能成为我们自己。陶渊明归隐后在他的诗上赋予了鲜活的自然气息,陶在自然与哲理之间打开了一条通道,在生活的困苦与自然的旨趣之间达到了一种和解。连最平凡的农村生活景象在他的笔下也显示出了一种无穷的意味深长的美。仿佛在告诉世界他的归隐像他的诗一般素雅而义无反顾。也许说陶渊明是寂寞的,但寂寞也是一种美。他隐中恋仕,仕中恋隐,归依于隐。这也标志着他仕隐观的成熟。“真”可以说是陶渊明哲学思想的全部,没有矫饰,没有虚伪,没有违心。自然本真、生活本真、人性本真本来就是美。因为独具慧眼,对生活进行哲学思考,认识到真就是美,陶渊明才能将平凡生活艺术和美化。也正是“真”的显现。陶渊明活在诗意里。作为一种生存方式,诗意成为一种人生哲学。陶渊明陶然期间,"采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。"他实践着一种审美意义上的人生,这种美是无法用言语表达的,是审美的至境,所以才会"欲辨已忘言"。而除去陶渊明本人的品格操守不谈,除去陶诗的哲学佛理不谈,单单是他词句间独特的语言美,就让我钦慕不已。很难想像陶渊明是属于东晋那个朝代的人,当时的东晋文坛雕砌浮华之风盛行,而陶渊明的诗文风格完全与之相反,甚至比后世唐宋田园诗歌更为朴实自然。东晋时期产生的那些作品,早已经不住历史的考验而消声匿迹,唯有陶渊明,在千年的文学长河里闪烁着耀人的光辉。他的诗歌辞赋早已超越时代的束缚,由他的思想驭驾着自由驰骋.
一、高考作文优秀片段---陶渊明1、“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”,中国文人里,又有谁能将心澄净到如此境界,以至于只剩下南山之菊?陶渊明选择了归隐之路。这一路走得潇洒,走得清明。然而,陶潜除了饮酒采菊之外,还做了些什么?这或许连他自己都无法回答。归隐之路为中国无数文人选择,但正如余秋雨先生所言:“自我完善式的道德导致了整体上的不道德。”或许是历史的机缘,促成了一座文学的丰碑。但历史的路若要向前延伸,凭千万个陶渊明能够走出吗?2、晋代田园诗人陶渊明也曾热衷于官场,想在仕途上一展自己的抱负。但当他做了彭泽县令,了解到官场的黑暗以后,便毅然辞官归隐,“羁鸟倦旧林,池鱼思故渊”,他还是喜欢“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的生活,从此躬耕农田,不问世事。他找到了自己的位置,实现了他的人生价值。3、陶潜伴着“庄生晓梦迷蝴蝶”中的翩翩起舞的蝴蝶在东蓠之下悠然采菊。面对南山,渊明选择忘记,忘记那些官场的丑恶,忘记自己遇到的所有不快,这是心灵的选择,这是过河人在“河”的两岸所做出的明智的选择,这更是明智的“摆渡”。4、是那个“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的隐士,是那个“但识琴中趣,何劳弦上声”的雅人,是那个“戴月荷锄归”的农夫,对!是他,是这享誉文坛百千年的陶渊明。他不愿“为五斗米折腰”,挂印归田园。他忘却了官场的失意,忘却了仕途的不达,却记住了世人的愿望,写出了心中的圣地——桃花源。5、远离尘世,隐归田园,看花开花落。陶渊明生活很清逸,很自由,像蓝天中的白云,像大海中的鱼鳞,因为有菊,那颗渴望自由的心被官场的牢笼束缚太久了,难道没有什么寄托?选菊吧!清新淡雅,与世无争,不正像他不羁的性格吗?是陶诗将心寄托于菊,寻回了一方心灵的净土,也是陶诗让菊带上了品质高洁,与世无争的高姿态帽子流传至今。6、一簇簇幽幽香菊在院子里静放,娇美的蝴蝶在花丛中翩翩起舞,山涧清泉一直流过家院门口。早上,雾色渐渐散去。透过微薄的阳光,一位老人拿着锄头,提着竹篮,向院中走去。“山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还……”他吟唱诗句,步履悠闲地跨进了院子……他便是陶渊明。7、幽幽香菊与他为伴,下地耕耘自给自足。闲暇时,便以清泉沏上菊花茶,细细品味;农忙时,便与菊花相枕相依,乐在其中。陶渊明的确生活得自在,他的身上处处洋溢着与众不同清闲与旷达!8、背负了太多岁月的阴影,真的让他好累。沉溺于过去,也必将让他丧失了现在和未来,于是,他选择了离开。酣眠的午夜,他一个人,随着孤零零的帆影,踏上了回乡的小船。月光还是黯淡的,四周还是静谧的。他的衣袖随风飘摇,但此时,他却拥有几分坦然,几分欢喜。全新的生活随着初升的太阳,就要开始了,他与朋友、家人一同早出晚归享受着田园之乐,他与他们一起品尝着粗茶淡饭,享受着那一分简单无忧的友情以及难得的亲情。(这段小文为我们点染了陶渊明的远离官场的轻松、归途之乐和田园之致,在叙述中不乏精美、自然的语言点缀。)9、小船在水面轻轻摇荡、漂浮着,微风飘飘柔柔地吹拂我的衣衫,轻轻暧暧地爱抚我的面颊,踏着山雀的歌韵,我醉饮船前船后的山泉。青山回响着船桨的激水,将我所有的乡愁揉碎。眼前是一帧浓浓淡淡的黑白照片,两岸静卧的野草是它的背景。我倾听鸟的对唱,虫的独吟。阳光斜洒,洒满我回家的路。远远的,能看见那个宁静而温馨的茅屋,笼罩在淡烟里,飘渺虚无……(这是一篇情景交融最好体现的作品。那种无忧的恬淡如闲适的中国画,一缕一缕向我们走来,小船、微风、歌韵、阳光组合成了一幅似静又动的画面。陶渊明就生活在那样的环境里,我们才知道,距离我们那么遥远的五柳先生竟是这样的洒脱、无羁。)10、在竞争日益激烈的现代社会,陶渊明大约是很寂寞的,把他引为知己者应该已经很少。人们要关心收入、职称、住房,关心孩子的学习、就业、婚姻,关心上司的意图甚至神情,关心自己的仕途升迁……心被各种现实问题塞满的现代人,哪里有闲工夫如陶老夫子一样去观松赏菊,引酒赋诗呢?特别是在某些以所谓弘道济世、气干青云自诩的人的心中,这“中国第一大隐”官场失意便避世无为的态度更让他们不屑,比起杜甫的“安得广厦千万间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”的忧国忧民来,那不啻有霄壤之别。11、我们怎样在喧嚣的尘世让心中积郁的块垒消散,怎样在繁杂的市声中让浮躁的心灵宁静,穿越时间隧道,在陶渊明的南野田园中飘荡,与寂寞的诗魂倾心交谈,或许能让甘泉涌过荒漠,在胸中流出一片绿洲。且让我们想像一下陶夫子归家时的情景。宽袍大袖,迎着轻爽的河风,立于船头的陶公,在这样的晨光熹微中,奔向温馨的家居。他的神态是那样的幸福、轻松、安详、超脱,这时的他实实在在像一只“久在樊笼里,复得返自然”的小鸟呢!12、陶渊明是寂寞的,这寂寞就在一个真字,真性情,真言语,真行为。要做到这一个真字,还真需要一番勇气和智慧。在矢志不移和随波逐流之间,在现实利益和神圣价值发生冲突时,选择的天平最终将偏向哪一端?这是一个随时随地都在发生的问题。“人生到处知何似,应似飞鸿踏雪泥。泥上偶然留指爪,鸿飞哪复计东西。”人生是短暂的,人生需要旷达。现代人,守住内心的寂寞,别让心灵蒙尘,因为寂寞是一种美丽,寂寞使人诗意地安居
三级提纲拟好发送过去
这也不全是消极\避世\的思想也体现了人们对美好生活的向往 人类所追求的和谐社会也尽在其中
归 园 田 居(其三)陶渊明的《归园田居》一共有五首,这是其中的第三首。从表面上看,这首诗写的是田园劳作之乐,表现的是归隐山林的遁世思想;但把这首诗和其他的诗对比来看,作者的“愿”其实有它特殊的内涵。种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀。这两句写在南山下种豆,草很茂盛豆苗却稀稀疏疏的。起句很平实,就像一个老农站在那里说话,让人觉得很亲切。晨兴理荒秽,带月荷锄归。为了不使豆田荒芜,诗人一大早就下了地,到了晚上才披着月光回来。虽然很辛苦,但他并不抱怨,这从“带月荷锄归”的美景就可以看出来。道狭草木长,夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜,但使愿无违。路窄草长,夕露沾衣,但衣服打湿了有什么可惜的呢?这句话看似平淡,但这种平淡正好映射了结尾这一句“但使愿无违”,使得“愿无违”强调得很充分。这里的“愿”更蕴含了不要在那污浊的现实世界中失去了自我的意思。这首诗用语十分平淡自然。“种豆南山下”“夕露沾我衣”,朴素如随口而出,不见丝毫修饰。这自然平淡的诗句融入全诗醇美的意境之中,则使口语上升为诗句,使口语的平淡和诗意的醇美和谐地统一起来,形成陶诗平淡醇美的艺术特色。陶诗于平淡中又富于情趣。陶诗的情趣来自于写意。“带月荷锄归”,劳动归来的诗人虽然独自一身,却有一轮明月陪伴。月下的诗人,肩扛一副锄头,穿行在齐腰深的草丛里,这是一幅多么美好的月夜归耕图啊!其中洋溢着诗人心情的愉快和归隐的自豪。“种豆南山下”平淡之语,“带月荷锄归”幽美之句;前句实,后句虚。全诗在平淡与幽美、实景与虚景的相互补衬下相映生辉,柔和完美。
Tao Yuan-ming (about 365-427), bright characters, old age submarine renamed. That of a submarine,word. Since its five Yoo, friends and relatives after the death of Private section Jing Shi, Jing Shi said Mr. Day. Jiujiang(Jiujiang county), and the early Eastern Jin Dynasty poet, the late Southern Song, Fu, and essayist. Tao Yuan-ming was born to run-down family , is the founding fathers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a significant military merit,large Sima, captaincy general of eight states military, Jing Jiang b, , my father had done in full. When young, the family declined, nine-year-old lost his father, sister and mother of three living. Widows and orphans, many living in the contemporary, "was not sexually, Jin was no boast, there is a bland of capacity pregnant. Good wine intoxicated, more than more chaos; As proud forgotten, if not near people." ( "Commander General ShinzoitChuan ")" of life deliberately, like a lot of chasing ancestors from outside. "(Li Qin catch phrase) in future, his personality, self-cultivation, have a great grandfather's legacy. Grandfather of books at home, and to provide him with reading and understanding of the history of ancient conditions, scholars of "Zhuang", "old" for the case and dismiss the "six as" the era of the Jin Dynasty, he not only as a general study of the literati as "I "," Zhuang Zi ", but also learned a Confucian" six as "Culture, history and mythology, such as" different book. " Era of thought and the impact of family environment, so he had two different Confucian and Taoist ideas, cultivate the "Yi Zhi Meng Four Seas" and "love of the Hill Mountain" of the two different interests. Tao Yuan-ming's rare, "Chi Meng Yi Sihai, Qian Zhu Siyuan quill" ( "Miscellaneous Poems") of the total population of Hong Kong, Xiao-Yuan Emperor too Eighteen years (393 years), with his "great relief the common people," the desire to serve Jiangzhousystem was guarded, heorigin, to be belittled, and was "unbearable level officials and less on self-owned" ( "Tao Qian Jin Shu Chuan"). Home for his resignation after the call came again, he states the master book, he has been politely refuse. Antiquorum Longan four years (400 years), he went to Jingzhou into subglottic Huanxuando. At this time, being in control of Huanxuan upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the usurpation of the Eastern Jin Dynastythe timing of the regime, he refused to negotiate with Huanxuan of course, with the flow, so the close of the careerist. In the poem he wrote: "There how to go the distance to West Jing." ( "Xin Chou Jul-year-old went to leave I also Jiangling Tu Night") on the official Huanxuan means there is remorse. "Love born to swim a long time, how to flood in Shiga?" ( "May the Boxer-year-old is still resistance from the wind in the regulatory Lin 2") on the pitch by the humanlife, issued a profound sigh. Long winter five years, he resigned to go home funeral home. Yuanxing year (402 years) the first month,Huanxuan confrontation with the imperial court, into health, military and political power to win the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yuanxing two years, public health Huanxuan inusurped and replaced by Chu, the Emperor Xun-yang in self-financed his home and close family of high-yin: "sleep subglottic trace value, with no remote and the world. And stare Who knows Mo, Jing Fei Chang-day closure." Huanxuan proclaim oneself emperor expressed the matter, did not talk about. Yuanxing three years, Wu Jianjun, General, JointLiu Yi Prefecture, where the unscrupulous officials, etc., since the Jingkou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) from counter-insurgencyhwan. West Huanxuan away defeat to confinement in the Antiquorum Xun-yang to Gangneung. Liu screen in his home town of the next army to join the army (some say in Tao Yuan-ming Liu Jiankang capture screen after the input of its next). When Liu Huanxuan crusade underEast, he follow the example of allegiance to the Eastern Han Dynastygallop, posing as the story, posing as private line, to reach health risk, the Emperor hostage to Gangneung Huanxuan the whole, Liu Chi reportedly realized he to usurp the will of those who ask for. He delighted, Mingzhi writing: "Forty unknown, lack of fear of Sri Lanka, fat cars and I, my name Ji policy. Although thousands of miles away, Which dare not to!" ( "Mu-rong," Chapter IV) Liu into health, the style is also quite unusual places, the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been the political existence of "Division 100 of breakdowns" of the cumulative corruption, after Liu's "Fan who object to" (set a good example), first-wai ban (under
任何一个课题的研究或开发都是有学科基础或技术基础的。综述部分主要阐述选题在相应学科领域中的发展进程和研究方向,特别是近年来的发展趋势和最新成果。通过与中外研究成果的比较和评论,说明自己的选题是符合当前的研究方向并有所进展,或采用了当前的最新技术并有所改进,目的是使读者进一步了解选题的意义。综述部分能反映出毕业设计学生多方面的能力。首先,反映中外文献的阅读能力。通过查阅文献资料,了解同行的研究水平,在工作中和论文中有效地运用文献,这不仅能避免简单的重复研究,而且也能使研究开发工作有一个高起点。其次,还能反映出综合分析的能力。从大量的文献中找到可以借鉴和参考的,这不仅要有一定的专业知识水平,还要有一定的综合能力。对同行研究成果是否能抓住要点,优缺点的评述是否符合实际,恰到好处,这和一个人的分析理解能力是有关的。值得注意的是,要做好一篇毕业论文,必须阅读一定量(2~3篇)的外文资料,这不仅反映自己的外文阅读能力,而且有助于论文的先进性。6注意事项编辑1、论文摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2、不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。3、结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。摘要慎用长句,句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词,但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文,电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4、用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5、要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6、除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。7、不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8、缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项,如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等,也同样适用于摘要的编写。摘要编写中的主要问题有:要素不全,或缺目的,或缺方法;出现引文,无独立性与自明性;繁简失当。9、论文摘要之撰写通常在整篇论文将近完稿期间开始,以期能包括所有之内容。但亦可提早写作,然后视研究之进度作适当修改。有关论文摘要写作时应注意下列事项:10、整理你的材料使其能在最小的空间下提供最大的信息面。11、用简单而直接的句子。避免使用成语、俗语或不必要的技术性用语。12、请多位同僚阅读并就其简洁度与完整性提供意见。13、删除无意义的或不必要的字眼。但亦不要矫枉过正,将应有之字眼过份删除,如在英文中不应删除必要之冠词如a''an''the等。14、尽量少用缩写字。在英文的情况较多,量度单位则应使用标准化者。特殊缩写字使用时应另外加以定义。15、不要将在文章中未提过的数据放在摘要中。16、不要为扩充版面将不重要的叙述放入摘要中,即使摘要仅能以一两句话概括,就让维持这样吧,切勿画蛇添足。17、不要将文中之所有数据大量地列于摘要中,平均值与标准差或其它统计指标仅列其最重要的一项即可。18、不要置放图或表于摘要之中,尽量采用文字叙述。
热爱大自然,回归大自然远离尘嚣
归 园 田 居(其三)陶渊明的《归园田居》一共有五首,这是其中的第三首。从表面上看,这首诗写的是田园劳作之乐,表现的是归隐山林的遁世思想;但把这首诗和其他的诗对比来看,作者的“愿”其实有它特殊的内涵。种豆南山下,草盛豆苗稀。这两句写在南山下种豆,草很茂盛豆苗却稀稀疏疏的。起句很平实,就像一个老农站在那里说话,让人觉得很亲切。晨兴理荒秽,带月荷锄归。为了不使豆田荒芜,诗人一大早就下了地,到了晚上才披着月光回来。虽然很辛苦,但他并不抱怨,这从“带月荷锄归”的美景就可以看出来。道狭草木长,夕露沾我衣。衣沾不足惜,但使愿无违。路窄草长,夕露沾衣,但衣服打湿了有什么可惜的呢?这句话看似平淡,但这种平淡正好映射了结尾这一句“但使愿无违”,使得“愿无违”强调得很充分。这里的“愿”更蕴含了不要在那污浊的现实世界中失去了自我的意思。这首诗用语十分平淡自然。“种豆南山下”“夕露沾我衣”,朴素如随口而出,不见丝毫修饰。这自然平淡的诗句融入全诗醇美的意境之中,则使口语上升为诗句,使口语的平淡和诗意的醇美和谐地统一起来,形成陶诗平淡醇美的艺术特色。陶诗于平淡中又富于情趣。陶诗的情趣来自于写意。“带月荷锄归”,劳动归来的诗人虽然独自一身,却有一轮明月陪伴。月下的诗人,肩扛一副锄头,穿行在齐腰深的草丛里,这是一幅多么美好的月夜归耕图啊!其中洋溢着诗人心情的愉快和归隐的自豪。“种豆南山下”平淡之语,“带月荷锄归”幽美之句;前句实,后句虚。全诗在平淡与幽美、实景与虚景的相互补衬下相映生辉,柔和完美。
Tao Yuan-ming (about 365-427), bright characters, old age submarine renamed. That of a submarine,word. Since its five Yoo, friends and relatives after the death of Private section Jing Shi, Jing Shi said Mr. Day. Jiujiang(Jiujiang county), and the early Eastern Jin Dynasty poet, the late Southern Song, Fu, and essayist. Tao Yuan-ming was born to run-down family , is the founding fathers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a significant military merit,large Sima, captaincy general of eight states military, Jing Jiang b, , my father had done in full. When young, the family declined, nine-year-old lost his father, sister and mother of three living. Widows and orphans, many living in the contemporary, "was not sexually, Jin was no boast, there is a bland of capacity pregnant. Good wine intoxicated, more than more chaos; As proud forgotten, if not near people." ( "Commander General ShinzoitChuan ")" of life deliberately, like a lot of chasing ancestors from outside. "(Li Qin catch phrase) in future, his personality, self-cultivation, have a great grandfather's legacy. Grandfather of books at home, and to provide him with reading and understanding of the history of ancient conditions, scholars of "Zhuang", "old" for the case and dismiss the "six as" the era of the Jin Dynasty, he not only as a general study of the literati as "I "," Zhuang Zi ", but also learned a Confucian" six as "Culture, history and mythology, such as" different book. " Era of thought and the impact of family environment, so he had two different Confucian and Taoist ideas, cultivate the "Yi Zhi Meng Four Seas" and "love of the Hill Mountain" of the two different interests. Tao Yuan-ming's rare, "Chi Meng Yi Sihai, Qian Zhu Siyuan quill" ( "Miscellaneous Poems") of the total population of Hong Kong, Xiao-Yuan Emperor too Eighteen years (393 years), with his "great relief the common people," the desire to serve Jiangzhousystem was guarded, heorigin, to be belittled, and was "unbearable level officials and less on self-owned" ( "Tao Qian Jin Shu Chuan"). Home for his resignation after the call came again, he states the master book, he has been politely refuse. Antiquorum Longan four years (400 years), he went to Jingzhou into subglottic Huanxuando. At this time, being in control of Huanxuan upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the usurpation of the Eastern Jin Dynastythe timing of the regime, he refused to negotiate with Huanxuan of course, with the flow, so the close of the careerist. In the poem he wrote: "There how to go the distance to West Jing." ( "Xin Chou Jul-year-old went to leave I also Jiangling Tu Night") on the official Huanxuan means there is remorse. "Love born to swim a long time, how to flood in Shiga?" ( "May the Boxer-year-old is still resistance from the wind in the regulatory Lin 2") on the pitch by the humanlife, issued a profound sigh. Long winter five years, he resigned to go home funeral home. Yuanxing year (402 years) the first month,Huanxuan confrontation with the imperial court, into health, military and political power to win the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yuanxing two years, public health Huanxuan inusurped and replaced by Chu, the Emperor Xun-yang in self-financed his home and close family of high-yin: "sleep subglottic trace value, with no remote and the world. And stare Who knows Mo, Jing Fei Chang-day closure." Huanxuan proclaim oneself emperor expressed the matter, did not talk about. Yuanxing three years, Wu Jianjun, General, JointLiu Yi Prefecture, where the unscrupulous officials, etc., since the Jingkou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) from counter-insurgencyhwan. West Huanxuan away defeat to confinement in the Antiquorum Xun-yang to Gangneung. Liu screen in his home town of the next army to join the army (some say in Tao Yuan-ming Liu Jiankang capture screen after the input of its next). When Liu Huanxuan crusade underEast, he follow the example of allegiance to the Eastern Han Dynastygallop, posing as the story, posing as private line, to reach health risk, the Emperor hostage to Gangneung Huanxuan the whole, Liu Chi reportedly realized he to usurp the will of those who ask for. He delighted, Mingzhi writing: "Forty unknown, lack of fear of Sri Lanka, fat cars and I, my name Ji policy. Although thousands of miles away, Which dare not to!" ( "Mu-rong," Chapter IV) Liu into health, the style is also quite unusual places, the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been the political existence of "Division 100 of breakdowns" of the cumulative corruption, after Liu's "Fan who object to" (set a good example), first-wai ban (under
Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality.
Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journey
Talking about the tao yuanming clear is the establishment of a literature author guides the teacher 内容大概是:The clear verse in tao yuanming,occupies the one and only position on the Chinese ancient verse history, but is not Bon voyage to the worth a cognition in art in poem in tao yuanming, but passes by very long a period of time, just gradually drive people an understanding with accept, even applaud, the literature position of the poem of tao yuanming starts drive text puts forth effort to inquiry into of is the process of the clear verse in tao yuanming,literature position establishment, south towards, the tao's poem value dids not get to know well;To Tang, just learns the tao's poem ;The on behalf of Sung, real can establishment in lofty position in the poem of , has been continuing on the literary history to the poem of taoof this kind of position, making the poem of tao produce bigness in the posterity but again deep influence, become the immortal China culture.
Two days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements: On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality. Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements: On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality. Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements: On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality. Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journeyTwo days to cross papers, abstracts content requires translation into English, I limited ability, a lot of software translation errors, because time is pressing and urged the English Gaoshoubangbangmang (please do not use translation software or online), the next thankful! Translation almost on the line, the key is fluent! Following is a translation is required elements: On Tao Yuanming poem entitled "birds" image Abstract: Tao Yuanming living in the social turbulence of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liusong easy generation, known as the "pastoral poet," said. Most of his poems often use sustenance and symbol of the way in his chants such as "Flying Bird" and "Green Pine", "Gounsa," "Qiu Ju" in nature often Jiyu special meaning, so that it is no longer as simple spirits enter poetry, and a poet intended contains Ogata, the mind of the image, which combined into a special poetry Image System. The "birds" image and, unlike other imagery, is the embodiment of the self-image of the poet, is the main moral character, a prominent embodiment of the spirit of personality. Key words: Tao Yuanming birds emotional trajectory spiritual journey
1.中文书籍或期刊的尾注是用中文还是用英文????????? 2.如果我引用的是从网上下载下来的(在线看不了的)期刊或书籍或者文章或者论文,那我的尾注到底是写下载的网址还是写它的出版信息?????? 3.如果我的引用或者参考书目的出版信息不齐全,譬如一篇文章的出版信息只有某某报第一卷第二期,没有第几版第几页什么的,那怎么办??????? 4.参考书目必须是期刊或书籍或网址吗????能不能是别人已发表的论文???????? 1.用中文2.用出版信息,但是下载网址附上3.论文中注释尽可能详细,保证老师能找得到。references写这些就够了4.可以是别人已经发表的权威论文,但是不可以是其他同学写的,否则就是抄袭了哦另各个学校的要求不一样的,最好去学校官方网站看看有没有论文格式和要求。GOOD LUCK!