发布时间：
Implementing the system of " 3 main divisions " in the enterprise of our country is in preliminary exploration stage yet, article first implements the content of the system of " 3 main divisions " for domestic enterprise to include 3 main divisions of definition and enforcement purpose and comment invite principle , report way and examination comment program, check content and treatment enjoyment waits for that aspect is elaborated , as implementing 3 main divisions of condition to carry out introduction; Have then discussed enterprise from 7 aspects to implement the encouragement role that the system of " 3 main divisions " produces for producing technician and masses of employee , especially promote channel for that enterprise has no the solution of special technical personnel of administrative post , go to technical development road to play the part of the encouragement role that can't imagine; Final as implementing insufficient place and the problem of the system existence of " 3 main divisions " to go on analyse earnestly, for the system of " 3 main divisions " when appraising system and duty level installation to wait for aspect have put forward further improvement countermeasure and solution measure, is enterprise further performance " 3 main divisions " system encouragement role has offered certain guidance meaning.
this thesis is mainly concerned with two aspects about listening. one is the obstacle which stops the ability of listening from increasing and the relevant solutions. the other is the training of the listening skills. and the main task is to investigate the means which can improve the listening techniques of the students who major in business english.
This article from the cost management concept and realistic significance to talk about, and lists the modern enterprise system cost management principles should be followed. Then on to enterprise cost management of five kinds of methods are analyzed systematically introduces concluded that modern enterprise cost management commonly existing problems! Finally based on mentioned problems, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of modern enterprise cost management, in order to achieve continuous reduces the production cost, mining enterprise potential, improve the economic benefit of enterprise : modern enterprise system, Enterprise cost; Management mode
这么翻译Chinese and western furniture of comparative analysisContent abstract: environmental art is a new discipline, in recent years in China has been widely develops, among them, the interior design is becoming the leading part of the environmental art design, interior design in the design reflect way also is varied, furniture design - the forefront of modern art design part, just with colorful style, to show the world with his charm. This article through to in the process of development of Chinese style furniture is main style and western-style furniture design style of comparative study, using comparative analysis method, and explore the Chinese style furniture and western-style furniture design, the fusion and development of western-style furniture design used by rich elements, summarizes the modern furniture design method and design principles. Next we will from furniture design this aspect to do thorough analysis and : environmental art design interior design style furniture design western-style furniture design
一般要求是论文的摘要需要翻译成英文，不过建议你问问你的导师，不同的学校不同的要求，他说了算
要的,一般毕业论文标题,中文摘要,英文摘要,中文关键词,英文关键词,目录,正文,参考资料一个都不能少,为了礼貌还要附上感谢,现在论文都快成形式了
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
问题一：为什么一篇中文论文需要一个英文的摘要？ 好的 [新手] 从正规的说法看，是为了和轨国际接轨。从实际看，我国学术尚在低潮期，需要与外国比较然后找出出路，所以在学术训练中做英文摘要是一种途径。佛教初入中国时，翻译佛经的一个词会动用几百甚至上千的高智商的人，在此激础上，才有禅宗和理学的出现，所以，对英语的消化也有一个过程。 文章八股自古皆然，历史上写诗文的大家大多是八股高手，起承转合破题承题都是在写八股过程中练出来的，关键不在他的死格式而在活思想， *** 论说文气势磅礴，论证严谨有力，其实他的出发点主要是孟子、庄子、韩愈，八股的活力是有的，关键在思想。 中国的工科学术落后于西方 用英语一旦发表就可以让他人检索到 ，可以与西方相应国家的相关技术有可比性，分出孰优孰劣，有利于自己论文的修改和提高。同时我国正全面进行小康社会的建设，改革开放是一个必要渠道，学术上的交流更突出其重要性。因此通过英文摘要，可以为中西方的学术交流提供了一个便利平台。从上面意义上说，要求在论文中写英语摘要就是用心良苦的一件事了 问题二：什么样的论文需要写英文摘要 是否要写英文摘要，要看论文发表的杂志级别。一般说来，国家级的、省级的、市级的专业杂志发表的论文都需要英文摘要。只不过，市级以下级别的杂志有些混乱，原因是有些杂志为了抬高地位或是其他原因，故意而为。所以，要不要英文摘要，还要以杂志编辑部要求为准。大学生毕业生的毕业论文，则依据学院的要求。 问题三：综述性论文的中文摘要和英文摘要是一个意思吗 什么时间要呢，我给你一篇如何？？？内容摘要 内容摘要要求把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能掌握论文内容的要点。目前比较通用结构式摘要，包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。摘要应有高度的概括力，且要全面反映论文要点，简明、明确、畅达。 问题四：为什么论文的摘要必须要有中英文的 摘要是用来简述论文所论述问题和作揣观点的，可以通过摘要检索到关于某一学术问题的的文章。所以摘要有中英文可以增加被检索范围 问题五：毕业论文中英文摘要必须在同一页上吗？ 看要求了。如果没有明确亥要求，先中文摘要、关键词，再英文摘要、关键词，按正常的往下排即可，不用管放在哪一页。 如果有要求，就要分页了。 问题六：论文中的英文摘要需要和中文摘要一致吗? 要一致，英文摘要就是中文摘要的翻译 问题七：论文英文摘要是中文摘要的翻译版吗？ 大多是互译的，也可以得不一样，但中心要是一样的，毕竟论文是一份。所以表达的意思是一个。当然不一定要一次一句的翻译。。。 问题八：写论文的英文摘要应注意什么 首先要弄清楚摘要的目的，是让别人搜索论文的时候可以知道你的论文大概是讲什么的，吸引人家看论文全文，后面有关键词，方便搜索。摘要不宜长篇大论，扼要介绍论文的背景和解决了什么问题就可以了。很多学生的毛病是把该写在引言里的内容都放到摘要里来了。 写英文摘要的话，很多人是直接翻译中文摘要，但是不一定翻译得好。注意千万别用软件自动翻译，效果非常差。我的意见是中英文摘要的内容不必一一对应得那么死。例如中文中的“我国”，在英文中应该翻译成 China 而不是 our country，因为理论上看英文摘要的不一定是中国人。 假如你是大学生，要交毕业设计，最好的做法是用你自己能明白的英语把论文介绍一下，同时注意专业名词要准确翻译。 假如要正式发表，最好的做法，是从外国人的角度思考，假如他们对这个论题有兴趣的话，他们会怎样搜索论文，看到什么描述会想看看论文全文。 问题九：毕业论文中中文摘要是否要跟英文摘要分开 每个学校都有自己的要求，你们没有格式要求吗？ 一般来说，分开页。
As the degree of air pollution in recent years China's increasing severity, people began to realize that the atmospheric pollution hazards and began to reflect, to environmental damage from extensive mode for the cost of economic development has not been able to continue. The atmospheric environment if continue to be very serious pollution, the development of human society will cause inestimable losses. Change the mode of economic growth, control of air pollution, protect the atmospheric environment is imminent. Taking Xinle city as an example, through the data collected from Xinle City, the current pollution situation is very serious, at the same time, according to people in the past on air pollution control experience combined with the local reality put forward the view of their own, starting from the legislative means, economic means, ideological education and so on, in order to provide suggestions for the to solve the problem of local air pollution.（毕业大学生真泛滥啊.............
译文：abstract
英［＇æbstrækt］
释义：
adj.纯理论的；抽象的；抽象派的
n.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念；抽象派艺术作品
v.摘要；提取；抽象化；退出；转移；使心不在焉
［复数：abstracts；第三人称单数：abstracts；现在分词：abstracting；过去式：abstracted；过去分词：abstracted；比较级：more abstract；最高级：most abstract］
短语：
abstract algebra［数］抽象代数；近世代数；［数］抽象代数学；代数结构
扩展资料：
词语辨析：summary，abstract，digest，outline，resume
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
1、summary普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
2、abstract指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
3、digest侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
4、outline指配以释议文字的提纲。
5、resume源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
毕业论文摘要翻译，用什么翻译软件都不是很推荐，因为翻译软件虽然翻译速度快，方便，但是使用翻译软件也有缺点，就是有时候将句子结构进行调换或增减词语的，换个结构翻译出来的句子就不一样，增加或减个词语，翻译出来的句子也会不同的，有时甚至会相差很大。
大学论文是高校本科应届毕业生的一项独立总结性的作业。毕业论文作为高校的一个教学环节，同时也是对学生学业绩效考核和评定的重要方式。其目的在于让学生能够总结自己在校期间的学习成果，培养自身的综合创造能力和解决发杂问题的技能，建议找人工翻译比较靠谱。
如果你有论文摘要翻译需求可以选择毕业在线网 人工摘要翻译入口
摘要：进入本世纪以来，以互联网为核心的的网络通信技术已经得到飞速的发展和广泛的应用，世界经济的全球化趋势不可逆转。 Abstract: in the since the turn of the century, the Internet as the core in the network communication technology has been rapid development and the widespread application, the globalization trend of the world economy is irreversible. 在二十一世纪第二个十年的今天，我们已经走入网络经济时代，企业利用互联网有效开展网络营销活动，寻找新的商机，已经成为了一种必然的选择。 In the second decade of the 21st century, we had walked into the network today economic times, enterprise use the Internet to effectively develop network marketing activities, looking for new business opportunities, has become a kind of inevitable choice. 本文从网络营销的内涵入手，探讨了加多宝集团王老吉凉茶的经典网络营销案例，对这一案例的营销创新、存在的不足及网络营销细节问题进行了分析，，并针对加多宝集团在我国的发展、实施的障碍，提出了措施和对策。 This article from the network marketing, probes into the connotation of WangLaoJi cool tea add much treasure group the classic network marketing case, the case of marketing innovation, the shortcomings of the details and network marketing, analyzes the problems, and in the light of the stupa group in China with the development, implementation, and puts forward measures and obstacles countermeasures. 关键词：网络营销 加多宝集团 王老吉 营销策略 发展 障碍 措施 Keywords: network marketing WangLaoJi add much treasure group marketing strategy development obstacle measures
Development [Abstract] of modern logistics industry, is closely related with the world economic growth. Port is an important part of modern logistics chain, with its unique advantage of location and infrastructure advantages, is playing an increasingly important role in the modern comprehensive logistics system. Modern port logistics efficiency has become an important support for the upgrading of regional economic development and industrial structure, the port logistics has become the focus of the study on the nature of each country, region. Xiamen port is an important port in China, should play a leading role in the west of the port, play radiation and focusing function of the port, on both sides of the Strait and the national service. This paper hopes to become the hub port in Xiamen port construction of research and analysis of this direction, finds the main problems existing with Xiamen port, port logistics knowledge, combined with the data for quantitative analysis, put forward the strategic target and development strategy for the future development of Xiamen port construction.
Since ChinaUniversityEnrollment began inthe latenineteen ninties,college students employment difficult problemarose,in recent years,decreasedinitial employmentrate of university graduates,supply and demand ratiois increased,the employment situation is not optimistic,receivedwidespread attention from all sectors of society,college studentsemploymentproblem has become one ofthe most last outbreak of the financialcrisis sweeping the globe,so that morecollege students employmentdifficult,this paper analyzesthe employment situation of university studentsfrom many aspects,in order tolet the studentsunderstand the currentsocial situation,the employment problemand thus a better solution补充：The characteristics ofthe largestemployment of college students isthe totalincrease ingraduates,high,andemployment situation ofwhole andnot improved the status quois contradictory,the difficult employment of college studentshasbecome an indisputable fact,investigate its reason,mainly is thedislocation oftalent supply andmarket demand,and thegraduates'Comprehensive toimprove the quality of personnel training,is the key tosolvethe difficult problem ofemployment of university students.
摘要用英文表达为digest或是abstract，读音为[daɪˈdʒest,dɪˈdʒest]，[ˈæbstrækt]。
重点词汇解释：
1、digest
vt. 消化；吸收；融会贯通
vi. 消化
n. 文摘；摘要
双语例句：
He read rapidly but did not digest anything.
他读得很快，但什么也没领会到。
2、abstract
adj. 纯理论的；抽象的；抽象派的
n. 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念；抽象派艺术作品
v. 摘要；提取；抽象化；退出；转移；使心不在焉
双语例句：
His abstracts are held in numerous collections.
他的抽象画被纳入到很多收藏中。
扩展资料：
abstract的用法：
abstract 的基本意思是抽象的，观念上的，理论的，可与个别情况相对，也可与具体经验相对。多指品质或特征，而不指物体或事实。有时意味着脱离现实，而且缺乏对实际事物的专门实用性，引申可作难懂的，过于深奥的意思。abstract用于艺术作品时可指抽象派的。
abstract作抽象的，抽象派的意思时不用于比较等级，作难懂的，过于深奥的意思时可用于比较等级。
abstract用作名词时其意思有以下几点：一是抽象概念；二是抽象派艺术作品，如抽象画，抽象雕塑，抽象设计等；三是文献等的摘要，概要，梗概，多指学术或法律方面比较艰深或复杂的文字摘要。
abstract常用于短语in the abstract中，意思是就一般而言，抽象地，在理论上，abstract前的定冠词the不可遗漏。
译文：abstract
英［＇æbstrækt］
释义：
adj.纯理论的；抽象的；抽象派的
n.摘要；抽象；抽象的概念；抽象派艺术作品
v.摘要；提取；抽象化；退出；转移；使心不在焉
［复数：abstracts；第三人称单数：abstracts；现在分词：abstracting；过去式：abstracted；过去分词：abstracted；比较级：more abstract；最高级：most abstract］
短语：
abstract algebra［数］抽象代数；近世代数；［数］抽象代数学；代数结构
扩展资料：
词语辨析：summary，abstract，digest，outline，resume
这些名词均含“摘要、概要、概括”之意。
1、summary普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
2、abstract指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
3、digest侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
4、outline指配以释议文字的提纲。
5、resume源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
Article from the concept of costs management and talked, and a modern enterprise system, the cost of the administration should follow the principle of enterprise management. then the cost of the five kinds of methods for the presentation and analysis of the modern enterprise management in the cost of the common problem. finally to the problem, the cost of modern business management strategies to achieve continuous product costs, excavate potential and increase the efficiency of the enterprise purpose!
目前，相对来说，比较还算靠谱的翻译，就属goole了，，你可以一句一句的在其上，翻译，不可一段一段翻译，那样的话，容易失真，而且需要注意行与行的问题。翻译完之后，有的句子会略显不通顺，这就需要你自行修改了，其实答辩的老师，英语也好不到哪里去，别看她们人模狗样的！只要你把句子弄得通顺一些，专业一些，其他不成问题，那些SB不会也不会太深入看的。可能我说的不是很专业，这么一大段，让人去翻译，除非你找的了专业的英语高手，否则没有人会帮到你的，他们很可能会想你索取money，完了她们也是在谷歌上给你翻译，吃亏的环视自己~！
1.我们以一篇论文摘要为例。 打开智能翻译官,在首页三大板块中点击【文档翻译】。
2.点击【选择文件】,从电脑中选中文件(注意这篇文档里只放论文摘要部分),点击【打开】。
3.文件上传之后,看到翻译语种选择,设置为【简体中文】转换【英语】,点击右下角【立即翻译】。
百度翻译
适用场景：长/短文献
写英文摘要对很多人来说是一件非常痛苦的事，这时候不妨把中文文档上传到【百度翻译】，立马就能得到中英对照的翻译结果。
下载的时候可免费导出Word格式的文档，二次修改很方便~PS:百度翻译不支持上传PDF格式，需要转换成Word格式哦。
Because of the better application of concrete pouring technology in civil engineering, it is more and more important to use concrete in civil engineering, The quality control of concrete structure requires the project management personnel to have the overall management thinking, starting from the overall, systematic and standardized approach, quality control through scientific project management action, professional raw material quality inspection and material mix proportion control, and reasonable analysis of environmental factors, Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the development and application of concrete structure production, transportation and pouring technology in civil engineering construction. Key words: concrete structure; factors affecting concrete; main construction technology