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参考文献：[1]中华人民共和国教育部．英语课程标准（实验稿）．北京师范大学出版社，2001版[2]黄远振．新课程英语教与学[m] ．福建教育出版社，～139[3]林崇德．英语教育心理学[m] ．北京教育出版社，～152[4]李庭乡．英语教学法[m] ．高等教育出版社，～98好感动哦，找半天终于找到了，这个对我来说真的好难，不知道对不对哦，希望能对你有帮助。哈哈
Computer network virus and precautions With the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing. With With the continuous development of computer technology, the virus has become increasingly complex and senior, the new generation of Computer viruses make full use of certain commonly used operating systems and application software for protection of the weak low Spots have rampant in recent years as the popularity of the Internet in the world, will be attached document containing the virus The situation in the mail has been increasing spread of the virus through the Internet, making the spread of the virus speed Sharp also increased, by an ever-increasing scope of the infection. Therefore, the protection of the security of computer networks will be Will become increasingly important. A computer virus The definition of computer virus computer virus (Computer Virus) in the "people's republic of China The computer information system security protection regulations "which has been clearly defined, the virus" refers to the preparation or Computer program inserted in the damage or destruction of computer data functions, affecting computer use Self-replication and can a group of computer instructions, or code. " Second, network virus With the development of network and the Internet, a wider spread, the greater New harm The virus emerged This is the Internet virus. The virus is an emerging concept in the traditional The virus was not classified network virus this concept, because the development of networks, the traditional virus The network also has a number of characteristics. Today's Internet virus is a broad notion of a As as long as it is carried out using the Internet to spread destruction can be known as network viruses, such as: "Love the back door", "Panda burning incense." Third, network virus and the distinction between computer virus The original common computer virus is nothing more than the devastating formatted hard drive, delete system With the users documents, databases, etc. destruction. The mode of transmission is through nothing but also by virus infection Mutual copy of the software, carrying the virus, such as the use of pirated optical discs, such as infection disk systems The pilot virus and infected executable file virus, in addition to a network virus These are the common characteristics of the virus, but also steal users with remote data, remote control of the other side Computers and other damaged properties, such as Trojan and consumption of funding the operation of the network computer Source collapse of the network server worm. Fourth, the network against virus Network destructive virus, will directly affect the work of the network, ranging from lowering speed video Ring for the efficiency of the network, while in the collapse, undermining the server information to a multi-year work destroyed Dan. Because viruses and other network annually fraud led to economic losses of over 16 billion yuan, But this figure is constantly rising year by year. The next few years, the size of the market will reach Security 60 billion yuan. One antivirus software experts pointed out: "Network avian flu virus even more." Such as: "Xiong Cat burning incense "In addition to virus infection through the web site users, the latest virus also through QQ Loopholes in propagating itself through file-sharing networks, the default sharing, weak password systems, U disk and windows Forms bottom of the top mobile hard drives, and other means of communication. While LAN once a computer machine For infection, it can spread through the entire network instant, or even within a very short period of time can be infected Thousands of computers, can lead to serious networks. Symptoms of poisoning in the performance of computers There are enforceable. Exe files have become a strange pattern, the pattern shown as "Panda Burning incense, "and then System blue screen, restart the frequent, hard drive data destruction, serious entire company All computer LAN will all poisoning. "Panda burning incense," only more than half a month, a few varieties have high Of more than 50, and the number of its users infected constantly expanding. Makes infected, "Panda burn incense" disease The personal drug users has been as high as several million people infected with a few more corporate users is rising exponentially. Network More on the computer network the greater the harm caused by the virus. V. network transmission of the virus Features 1. Infection fast: single machine environment, the virus can only be passed from one computer diskette To another, and in the network can be adopted by the rapid spread of network communication mechanism. According to measurement Set against a typical PC network use in normal circumstances, once a computer workstation sick Drugs, and will be online within 10 minutes in the several hundreds of all infected computers. 2. Proliferation of a wide range: in the network due to the spread of the virus very quickly and spread to encompass a large area, not only the rapid transmission of all LAN computer, but also through remote workstations virus in一瞬 Inter spread to thousands of miles away. 3. Dissemination in the form of complex and varied: computer viruses in general through the network " Station server workstation "channels of communication, but in the form of complex and diverse communication. 4. Difficult to completely wipe: the standalone computer virus carriers sometimes can be deleted documents Or low-level formatted drives, and other measures to eliminate the virus completely, and the network once a computer work Clean stations failed to disinfect the entire network can be re-infected by the virus, or even just completed removal The work of a workstation is likely to be on-line by another workstation virus infection. Therefore, Only workstations in addition to killing viruses, and can not solve the virus harm to the network is. 6, the type of network virus As the network increasingly developed, the type of network virus has been increasing, generally summed up as The following categories: 1. Worm It is the use of the transmission mechanism of replication and dissemination network, the mode of transmission is through the network And e-mail, the prefix is Worm. For example, in recent years the great harm "Nimda" virus is Demodex A worm virus. The virus used Microsoft's Windows operating system, computer flu With this virus, will continue to automatically dial-up Internet access and use information in the document or the address Sharing network spreads, and ultimately undermine the most important user data. 2. Macro Virus Hong virus is a Storage in the document or template in the Acer computer virus. The prefix Macro, once open such documents, which Acer will be implemented, then the virus would Acer Been enabled transferred to the computer, and in the presence of the Normal template. From then on, all since The document will be kept moving "infection" that the Hong virus, and if other users opened the flu Documents with the virus, the Hong virus will be transferred to his computer. 3. Destructive procedures virus The prefix destructive virus program is: Harm. The characteristics of this virus is a good in itself Look at the user clicks on icons to temptation, when the user clicks on the virus, the virus will direct users Computer generated destruction. If C formatted disk (), the killer orders (Harm. ). 4. System virus The prefix system for the virus: Win32, PE, Win95, W32, W95, and so on. These viruses The characteristics of the general public can be infected with the windows operating system *. exe and *. dll file, And through these documents for dissemination. If the CIH virus. 5. Backdoor virus Backdoor virus prefix is Backdoor. The total of such virus through network - Sowing, opened the back door to the system to the user and potential safety problems. 6. Bundling machine virus Bundled-virus prefix is: Binder. The characteristics of this virus is the virus writers will use Specific procedures will be bundled with a number of applications such as QQ, IE bundled up on the surface It is normal to see the paper, when users run these bundled virus, will run these applications on the surface Procedures, and then tied to the operation of hidden virus, which caused harm to the user. Such as: baled Tied QQ (), the system killer (). 7. Script virus The virus is usually JavaScript scripting code prepared by the malicious code, prefix is usually Spript, with the general nature of advertising, will modify your IE Home, modify registry, and other information, Computer user inconvenience caused. 8. Planting procedures virus virus This virus is of the public will run from the in vivo release of one or several new Under the virus to the system directory, by the release of a new virus damage. If the glaciers are sowing (), MSN striker (). 9. Joke virus The prefix is the virus joke: Joke. Also called prank virus. The characteristics of this virus is itself a nice user clicks on icons to temptation, When the user clicks of this virus, the virus will be made to disrupt the operation scare users, in fact The virus did not destroy any computer user. Such as: ghost () virus. 10. Trojan hacking virus Trojan its prefix is: Trojan, hackers virus prefix General for Hack. Public special Sex is through the network or system loopholes into the user's system and hidden, and then leaked to the outside world User information, hackers virus there is a visual interface to the user's computer remotely Control. Trojans, hackers often paired virus emerging, Trojan horse virus responsible for the invasive power users Brain, and hackers virus will be passed to the Trojan horse virus control. . General Trojan such as QQ News tail Trojan , there are big . Virus Form A PSW or anything like PWD general said that the virus has stolen password function, If some hacker programs, such as network枭雄. 7, the mode of transmission and network anti-virus Through the above, we can see that e-mail viruses spread Click homepage, users download, Others implant, implant, and other loopholes through five computer transmission, so long as holding these five A thoroughfare, we will be able to live better anti-virus network.
参考文献：[1]中华人民共和国教育部．英语课程标准（实验稿）．北京师范大学出版社，2001版[2]黄远振．新课程英语教与学[m] ．福建教育出版社，～139[3]林崇德．英语教育心理学[m] ．北京教育出版社，～152[4]李庭乡．英语教学法[m] ．高等教育出版社，～98好感动哦，找半天终于找到了，这个对我来说真的好难，不知道对不对哦，希望能对你有帮助。哈哈
这个太难搞了！
想找中英文对照的很难，你找英文的，然后放在翻译工具里全文翻译成中文的调成一下就行了。中文文献在百度里找，英文的在google scholar里找。 引文scholar里面的都是学术论文，而不是随便的杂文。
小木虫上可以论文求助。
设计标题： 企业人力资源管理系统
备 注： 源码＋执行程序＋论文
论文简介
Abstract
Along with the global information development, the enterprise information construction also catches up with the time the step .The human resources management system management system essential target is supports the enterprise the personnel management and business processes services labor intensity, the auxiliary business management, assists the high-level leadership decision-making, enhances the enterprise the working efficiency, thus enables the enterprise to obtain the better social efficiency and the economic efficiency by the few investments, looks like the human affairs system, the checking attendance management system management system and so on belongs to the human resources management system management system category .It is the unit realizes the modernization foundation engineering, is enhances the unit the management level, the service operating efficiency and the grade of service essential method .How therefore many programmers all possibly do face develop a set of quite perfect human resources management system management system the question.
Along with the computer technology rapid development, the computer in the business management the application popularization, uses the computer realization enterprise human affairs wages imperative the management .This system union company actual human affairs, the financial system, pass through the actual demand analysis, uses function formidable Visual makes the human resources management system management system which develops for the development kit.
The overall system from conforms to the operation easily, the contact surface friendly, nimble, practical, the safe request embarks, completes the human affairs, the human resources management entire process, joined including recently the staff when the dossier establishment, the staff exited, the position and so on the change cause staff personnel management work and so on information revision, staff information inquiry, statistics as well as recently staff human resources supervisory work and so on wages addition, information revision .After the actual use proof, the human affairs human resources management system management system which this article designs may satisfy the company human affairs, the human resources management aspect need.
The paper mainly introduced this topic development background, must complete function and development process .Key explanation system design key point, design concept, difficult technology and solution
Key Words: DataBase , Visual Basic , HumanResource Management System
目录
摘要 2
Abstract 3
第一章 绪论 5
课题来源 5
开发工具的选择 6
第二章 系统概述 10
编写目的 10
系统功能概述 11
Access 概述 12
第三章 系统分析 13
. 系统需求分析 13
. 功能需求 13
. 数据需求 14
. 运行环境 14
. 数据流程分析 15
. 数据流程图 15
. 数据E-R图 16
. 系统功能模块分析 17
. 用户需求分析 18
第四章 系统设计 19
. 软件模块结构设计 19
. 数据库设计 21
第五章 系统实现 25
. 系统用户管理模块 25
. 基础数据维护模块 28
. 员工档案管理模块 29
. 绩效考勤管理模块 33
. 工资管理模块 37
. 权限管理模块 42
. 统计分析模块 48
. 打印功能 49
总结 51
致 谢 52
参考文献（仅供参考） 53
访问网站 www 51ebysj com
中文字数: 4712,中文页数: 7 英文为PDF版本,6页 用AT89CX051进行A/D转换ATMEL公司的AT89C1051和AT89C2051单片机具有片上flash，较少引脚数，工作电压范围宽以及一个模拟比较器。这篇文章描述了两种利用AT89C1051和AT89C2051中的模拟比较器构成的低成本A/D转换技术。 RC 数模转换器 这种转换方法具有外围元件数量极少，转换时间短但转换精度低的特点。在以下的例子中，转换结果优于50mv，转换精度有时小于电压的几十分之一，时间小于7ms。 如图1所示，RC A/D转换法仅需要在AT89CX051单片机外围增加两个电阻及一个电容。单片机输出脚（第11脚）输出大约为GND和VCC的电压，对接在内部比较器负输入端（第12脚）的电容进行交替充放电。单片机测量电容上的电压变化到和加在内部比较器正端（第13脚）未知电压相同所需的时间。未知电压是所测量到的时间的函数外文文献以，上回答来自:
有专业的计算机数据库，比如在维普，中国知网上，都可以找到
计算机英语是学习计算机新理论和新技术的桥梁。计算机英语教材的主要目标是培养计算机及其相关专业学生使用本专业英语的能力。下面是我为大家整理的计算机英语论文，供大家参考。
计算机英语论文范文一：计算机英语教学实训设计研究
1高职高专计算机英语的特点
时效性和实用性
新技术飞速发展，大量的计算机专业概念专业词汇随着新技术的发展层出不穷。如ITinformationtechnology;online;E-merce等都是随着新技术的发展产生和应用的，因此它的时效性和实用性显而易见。
专业性与客观性
计算机专业文章一般重在客观地陈述事实，力求严谨和清清楚，避免主观成分和感 *** 彩，这就决定了计算机英语具有客观性。
专业术语多
如：CPUCentralProcessingUnit：中央处理器;DBSMDatabaseSystem资料库管理系统OperatingSystem作业系统.
缩略语经常出现
如：MBMotherBoard：主机板，LCDLiquidCrystalDisplay：液晶萤幕USBUniversalSerialBus：通行序列汇流排;
合成的新词多
如：input出入;output输出;Personalputer：个人计算机;
介词短语、分词短语和名词性片语和长句使用频繁
如：Someapplicationpackagesofferconsiderableputingpowerbyfocusingonasingletask，suchaswordprocessing;others，calledintegratedsoftwareoffersomewhatlesspowerbutincludeseveralapplications，suchasawordprocessor，aspreadsheet，andadatabaseprogram.有些应用程式包可就一个单项任务提供相当的计算能力，如文书处理;其它应用程式包，称为综合软体，计算能力略差但也包括了很多应用功能，如：文书处理器，电子表格和资料库程式等。
2如何开展高职高专计算机英语教学和实训
“加快现代职业教育体系建设，深化产教融合、校企合作，培养数以亿计的高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。”是发展职业教育的指导思想。高职高专IT职业英语的任务就是要培养既有一定IT专业技术技能，又有较强的外语水平的高素质人才。
合理的课程安排
高职高专《计算机英语》主要针对高职院校的计算机各专业学生开设，是计算机专业学生学好计算机专业课程的一门重要工具。为软体技术，资讯管理，物联网技术，等专业方向的学生必修课。
实用的高职高专计算机英语实训内容
通过计算机英语教学内容的学习，使学生掌握电脑科学相关硬体和软体以及相关计算机技术的英语表达方式，并运用到实践中。在实训时，学生应能够运用所学的计算机英语知识，根据看到的硬体装置实现口头表达，以及借助相关工具书和翻译软体，对与自己专业相关文献和应用软体，实现书面表达。了解上机时常见的提示资讯及解释，根据专业方向能看懂与本专业相关的专业资讯提示。通过本课程实训使学生扫清上机时使用英语软体的障碍，并且使学生具备阅读计算机专业英语书刊的能力，能听懂一般性专业学术报告的能力。
基于专业需求的课程和实训设计
1基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计理念计算机英语程开发遵循“劳动过程系统化”的先进教学理念，贯穿日常教学中，将理论教学中渗入实训教学环节，提出集专案确定——专案分析——专案策划——专案管理与评估为一体的系统的实训教学模式，以专案驱动来完成知识的内化。在软体技术专业可以侧重SoftwareEngineer的教学与实训设计;网路工程专业则可以加强puterNetworks的教学与实训设计;而资讯管理专业应侧重DatabaseSystem的教学与实训设计。
2基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计思路计算机英语课程和实训设计的总体思路是：以市场为导向，基于IT行业人员工作岗位基本职责进行教学和实训设计，紧紧围绕各专业人才培养方案实施教学和实训，取舍教材内容，为专业服务。
3基于专业需求的课程和实训设计培养目标根据高职教育的指导思想和培养目标，在更新教学理念和创新教学模式的过程中，计算机英语课程和实训设计，以促进就业为导向，适应技术进步和生产方式变革以及社会公共服务的需要社会需求为出发点，以“实用为主，够用为度”为原则，突出专业特点，突出课程的实用性，适应计算机相应专业需求的，培养具有动手能力和创新意识的高技术人才。计算机英语是一门实用时很强的课程，要求教师具有较强的英语语言知识与应用能力，同时要具备对科技前沿的洞察力，更需要更新教学理念，创新教学模式，注重实训环节。
计算机英语论文范文二：计算机英语课内实践教学研究
1.课内实践教学多元化
“任务驱动”教学方式
对于该课程,课内实践教学的目的是为了充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用,因此,采用“任务驱动”的方式可以较好的激发学生的积极性。“任务驱动”指的是学生在学习过程中,在教师的帮助下,围绕一个共同的任务为中心来完成,在这个过程中,学生会通过任务的程序获得成就感,可以较大地激发他们的积极性,逐步形成一个良性回圈,从而培养学生独立思考和自主学习能力。该门课内实践教学结合任务驱动的方式,已经采用的是让学生选择自己感兴趣的某个IT领域技术方向,运用文献检索方法,自行查询英文文献并阅读翻译,在课堂上用英文对其作报告,并制作英文PPT加以展示,并新增现场提问的环节,培养学生用英文进行学术答辩的能力。通过在课堂上使用这种实践方式,已取得了较好的效果。
其他多元化的任务方式
除了培养学生英文文献检索、学术报告的能力之外,应用型本科IT专业学生是未来IT行业的建设者之一,该课内实践教学还要考虑市场需求的因素。在IT行业中,企业对员工专业英语能力的需求是必要且多样化的;如测试、编码等初级职位员工只需要阅读使用者介面、操作说明等英文文献的能力;而对于技术研究等中级职位,不仅需要阅读能力还要求掌握一定的翻译技能、回复英文邮件等;在更高级别的工作如订单签订、专案谈判等事务中,则需要具备听、说、读、写、译各方面的综合能力以及跨文化交流能力。因此在今后的实践教学中,计划新增多样的任务方式,如设计一些具有很强实践性和实操性的活动,全方位训练和提高学生面向行业、企业岗位需求、在真实工作环境中的英语交际能力、应用能力和学习能力。比如训练学生英文简历的撰写,再设计情景对话,让学生分小组扮演IT公司面试官和应聘者角色,对职场招聘进行场景模拟,学习和应用计算机英语知识和口语表达能力。不仅如此,在工程实践中,软体企业开发人员常常需要编写英文版本的软体需求文件和使用者指南,因此还可以考虑与软体工程的课程老师合作,在学生进行课程设计时编写英文版本的软体需求规格说明书。
灵活布置作业
作业也是实践教学的重要补充,对于作业一定要布置一些实用有意义的内容,这样学生才会主动而非被迫地去做;关于这方面教师要充分利用自己积累的学习和工作经历。比如根据笔者学生时期的应聘经验,可以告诉学生大中型IT公司的软体开发职位招聘的笔试题很重视动态记忆体方面的内容,有相当比例该方面的试题,也具有一定难度,而很多中文教材关于此方面的内容往往讲解的不够详实,而英文教材文献六的“PointersandDynamicMemory”这一节对动态记忆体的思想介绍的较清晰,通过此类方法抓住学生的心理,吸引学生主动地去学习,这样不仅训练了计算机英语,又提升了学生应聘的竞争力。此外,一定要让学生体会到利用网路资源来促进学习和交流的重要性。可以鼓励学生登陆各大著名IT外企的网站,上面会经常地提供其新技术和新产品宣传的英文视讯和动画。这类视讯短片直观而形象,学生不但学习了新技术和新词汇,同时还锻炼了听说能力,学习兴趣也会大大提高。还可以引导学生平时多关注外企网站上的招聘广告,本专业领域的产品说明书等,上面有大量描述本专业技术的计算机英语,这对培养学生的实际应用能力有很大的帮助。
2结语
该文分析了计算机英语课内实践教学对于IT应用型人才培养的必要性,并结合该研究者本身的经验体会,探讨了一些关于该课程的课内实践教学方式,通过在教学实践中使用这些方式,已取得了较好的效果。计算机英语是专业课和英语课的有机结合,具有很强的实用性。课内实践教学应合理采用多种有效的教学方法和多元化教学模式,让学生通过该课程的学习,进一步提高专业英语听、说、读、写等水平,培养综合素质,从而提高了就业竞争力,才能真正发挥该课程的作用。
艾默生过程管理旗下的高准(Micro Motion)公司新近推出MVD多参数数字变送器，它以DSP数字信号处理技术的使用为特点，显示了高准公司在科里奥利质量流量测量技术上的雄厚实力。 高准 MVD多参数数字技术提供了一个模式化的结构来重新定义传感器和变送器，并使流量计工作得更灵巧。DSP数字信号处理器的核心处理器与传感器安装在一起，把来自科里奥利传感器中的模拟信号转换为数字信号，并产生一个正比于质量流量的电子信号。 1000系列和2000系列两种变送器可与核心处理器之间通过普通的4线电缆相连接，它们将输出最终测量信号、提供显示和一些其他的功能。变送器也可以一体地与核心处理器安装在一起。 一 什么是DSP数字信号处理器 DSP数字信号处理器是一个实时处理信号的微处理器。家用电脑的微处理器根据储存在存储器里的数据进行工作，这对于结算支票或玩电子游戏是合适的，但它不能处理某些现实世界里的东西，如音频信号、视频信号、医疗传感器的信号或来自于科里奥利传感器的信号。这里我们需要一个非常快的微处理器对这些信号做各种我们想要做的分析。 家用电脑需要显示器、磁盘驱动器、打印机、软件和一些连接电缆，像家用电脑里的微处理器一样，DSP数字信号处理器也需要支持的软件和硬件。在DSP的世界里，我们需要做的第一件事就是要把现实世界里的信号转换成为DSP世界里的信号，所用的装置被称为“模拟 —数字转换器”。 字串3 我们也需要一些软件去操作“数字化”信号，让我们举一个例子来看看我们用软件可做些什么。在远距离通话中，我们有时会听到自己声音的回声，这令人气恼。人的耳朵习惯于过滤掉短回声，但是长回声使通信非常困难。电话公司复制了你的声音然后在合适的时间加到它的反向以消除回声，不是回声没有发生，它只是被非常复杂的DSP数字信号处理软件过滤掉了。在科里奥利流量计里，我们使测量管在一个已知的频率下振动，因此任何在此振动频率范围之外的频率都是“噪声”，需要除掉它们以准确地确定质量流量。例如，一个50Hz或60Hz的信号很可能来源于与附近动力线的耦合。如何在实际上“过滤”这些多余的信号则需要一些更多的在那时刻所得到的背景信息，图1表明了噪声如何出现在原转换器信号上，以及被过滤后的最终信号。 既然我们已经处理了信号，就需要把它从数字世界再转换回到现实世界，完成这项任务的装置是“数字—模拟转换器”。 我们需要一些存储器来储存DSP数字信号处理程序，也需要一些控制装置去实现DSP数字信号处理器。字串1 二 DSP数字信号处理技术为科里奥利质量流量计带来的好处 和家用电脑处理数据带来的好处一样，DSP数字信号处理技术也给处理现实世界的信号带来了同样的好处：DSP数字信号处理器比传统的模拟处理器要小得多，这正是我们如何能把所有技术都封装到核心处理器中并使传感器智能化的原因；比起传统的模拟处理器，DSP数字信号处理器使用了更小的能量和更少的元件，并提高了可靠性；DSP数字信号处理器的精确度至少比类似的模拟处理器高一个数量级，这意味着即使较差的传感器信号也能得出较好的最终测量值；通过软件更新，核心处理器可适用于其他的传感器类型。对于高准产品来说，这意味着市场开拓更快；对于用户来说，这意味着更少的备用部件。 三 和DSP数字信号处理器有关的一些数学知识 自然界存在的信号一般是连续的，并可被连续变化的电压信号所表示。科里奥利流量计的信号也是连续信号，当我们通过一个模拟—数字转换器来发送信号时，事实上我们已把信号量化为离散的或数字化的样本。例如，假设我们通过一个12位的ADC以每秒1000个样本的采样率来传送转换器的电压，每毫秒我们将信号量化为212=4096个可能的级别之一。图2显示了一个已被量化后的信号。字串4 ADC运行一秒我们可采集1000个转换器电压的样本，我们称样本的数目为N。如果需要，我们可把所有的采样值加在一起，然后除以N来计算转换器电压的平均值。以一个类似的形式我们可计算信号的标准偏差，平均值代表我们想测量的实际信号，而标准偏差代表噪声信号。平均值的平方除以标准偏差的平方被称作信噪比或SNR。信噪比越高，被分析的数据的质量就越高。这些计算可用于计算被测变量的值。过滤和减小带宽(技术上叫作十倍程下降率)可用于提高信噪比和质量流量的精确度。 四 傅立叶分析 傅立叶分析是以法国数学家和物理学家 Jean Baptiste Loseph Fourier的名字命名的分析方法。 傅立叶认为任何连续的周期信号可被适当选择的正弦信号波的总和所描述。取一个连续的周期信号并把它转换为一族正弦波被定义为进行一个傅立叶变换。傅立叶变换在数学上很复杂，但我们只需大致了解即可。核心处理器取已量化的转换器信号并进行了信号的傅立叶变换，如图3所示。字串4 五 数字滤波 图3中信号的频谱，只有一个信号数据，其余的都是噪声，100Hz的信号代表了测量管的振动频率。我们也看到了在200Hz、300Hz、400Hz等频率处的信号，这些被称为二次、三次和四次谐波。我们还看到了一个来源于动力线耦合的60Hz的小信号。 这些数据在DSP的存储器里只是一个表格，我们想做的是抛弃任何实际测量中所不需要的信息，也就是要忽略掉100Hz测量管频率之外的信息，这被称为数字滤波。 注意到在图3中只有一个信号在100Hz测量管频率附近，在较老的传感器中，通常确定信号附近什么是数据和什么是噪声都是非常困难的。高准传感器在测量管工作频率附近有一个格外高的信号纯度，这就是高准质量流量计具有高精确度的一个重要原因。 六 DSP数字信号处理技术对高准质量流量计的实际意义 与使用时间常量去阻抑和稳定信号相比，使用DSP数字信号处理技术的主要好处之一是能够以一个被提高了的采样率去过滤实时信号，这使得流量计对流量的阶跃变化的响应时间快多了。使用MVD多参数数字变送器的响应时间比使用模拟信号处理的传统变送器快2~4倍，更快的响应时间会提高短批量控制的效率和精确度。在发动机测试装置里，我们能更好地测量发动机对燃料喷射的阶跃变化的响应。用一个紧凑的校验装置还能提高现场校验高准流量计的能力。图4是MVD多参数数字科里奥利变送器、压力变送器和普通科里奥利变送器对流量的阶跃变化的响应。字串8 DSP数字信号处理技术另一个颇有价值的实例是气体测量。气体测量是一个更富有挑战性的应用，因为高速气体通过流量计会引起相对较严重的噪声。通过高准Elite系列传感器，与流量信号混杂的噪声已被减至最小。现在DSP数字信号处理技术能更好地滤波，并进一步减小了质量流量计对噪声的敏感度。采用MVD多参数数字变送器测量气体的结果在重复性和精确度上都有了显著提高，效果如图5、图6所示。 七 未来 DSP数字信号处理技术提供了一个“通往处理的窗户”，今天，当浏览这个窗户时，首先集中在测量管振动频率附近的信号上。实际上，有意地抛弃了其余的信息，很可能正是隐藏在这些“无用的”数据里的信息会铺平通往新的诊断技术的道路。例如，频谱分析可能会引导我们取得在夹杂空气或团状流动流体测量上的进展，流体在测量管内壁的附着也是另一个有希望被DSP数字信号处理技术检测到的故障，频谱的变化也很可能被用于预测传感器的故障。 字串5 八 总结 今天，DSP数字信号处理技术通过给予质量流量计一个更快、更可靠、更高效、更稳定、更灵活的的解决办法，体现了它的价值。这也使得我们的传感器更灵巧。对于未来，高准公司充满了信心，DSP数字信号处理技术将在推动流量测量上显示出巨大的潜力。
+++++++++++++++人家问的是英文论文啊！！！UNIX 发展史分析After over thirty years of use, the UNIX computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful and flexible operating systems in the computer world. Its popularity is due to many things. One of which was the ability to run a wide variety of machines, from single user workstations to supercomputers. Also UNIX’s portability led to its adoption by many manufacturers. The system also made a distinctive approach to software design by solving a problem with interconnecting simpler tools, instead of creating large application development and evolution led to a new philosophy of computing. Computer systems didn't talk to each other in the early days of computing. Even the various computes made by the same company often needed interpreters. And forget about interoperability of systems by different vendors. Most operating systems very often performed only limited tasks, and only on the machines for which they were written. If a business upgraded to a bigger, more powerful computer, the old operating system usually wouldn't work on the new computer, and often the company's data had to be entered again into the new try to develop a convenient, interactive and useable computer system that could support many users. A group of computer scientists from Bell Labs and GE in 1965 joined the effort underway at MIT on what was called the Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) mainframe timesharing system. This project was a failure because the group effort initially failed to produce an economically useful system. Bell Labs withdrew from the effort in 1969. Four people Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIlroy, and J. F. Ossanna at the Bell Labs Computing Science Research Center continued to work on the project and eventually created the UNIX operating first version of UNIX was written in assembler language, but Thompson's intention was that it would be written in a high-level language. Thompson first tried in 1971 to use FORTRAN but gave up after the first day. Then he wrote a very simple language he called B it worked but there were some problems. Because the implementation was interpreted it was always going to be slow. Ritchie added types to B, which for a while was called NB for "New B," and then he started to write a compiler for it. The first phase of C was really these two phases B and NB. The second phase was rewriting UNIX in started in the summer of 1972 but had two problems. Figuring out how to run the basic co-routines of how to switch control from one process to another. The second was the difficulty in getting the proper data structure, since the original version of C did not have structures. The combination of these things made Thompson give up over the summer. Over the rest of the year Ritchie added structures and over the next summer they made the concerted effort and did redo the whole operating system in C.剩余部分在 一共3页，可以删剪
ink that what is making them achieve that success and then work on those areas and try to gain that
英文论文标准的格式:
1、论文题目：（下附署名）要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录
目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）
3、内容提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。
每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在提要的左下方。
主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。
5、论文正文：
（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。
(2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：
a.提出问题-论点；
b.分析问题-论据和论证；
c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤；
d.结论。
6、参考文献
估计很多人被SCI虐过，不过，众所周知，一篇论文最重要的是研究方向和结果要具有一定价值，并且能让读者在短时间内捕捉到你的有用信息和观点，这个基本要求是必须达到的。但是国内很多科研人员往往达不到这个基本要求，而且通常都是因为英语写作能力和语言表达能力的欠缺造成论文的关键信息不能快速被人理解和接受，以至于被拒稿，悲剧了。这可以说是非常普遍存在的情况。 发表sci论文的难度确实因研究领域而异，某些学科领域本身就具有先天的优势，更容易做出成果。比如说之前有人提到的，相同的科研环境和资金支持下，生物化学类的领域出结果发sci论文要比计算机类容易得多。原因无非是不同的行业现状和评判标准有天壤之别，自然没有可比性。 不同期刊杂志每年的影响因子都是在上下浮动的，但也不会有太大的偏差。基本可以说一个期刊的影响因子高低就代表了它的业内水平和认可度的高低，所以说不同期刊所发表的文章自然也良莠不齐。 如果你专业知识基础不扎实，文献读的不够深入透彻，课题没有研究价值，实验数据不够真实精准，那么不好意思，对你来说，SCI论文就如彼岸之花，看得见却摸不着。这几步基础的关卡你都没过，更别谈后面的论文投稿了，更别说期刊选择和语言问题也是让人伤脑筋的大事。基本没戏。
英文论文参考文献格式如下：
一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式
按照现行规定，学术期刊中论文参考文献的标注采用顺序编码制，即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者，用同一序号标示。
这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了，应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样，按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码著录;英文文献用印刷体；英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体；所列项目及次序与中文文献相同，但文献类型可不标出；忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为：
专著、论文集、学位论文、报告主要责任者。文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。起止页码。示例：Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research, policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.
期刊文章：主要责任者。文献题名。刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码。示例：Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review, Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994, 20(3)：365- 386.
论文集中的析出文献析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。析出文献起止页码。
示例：Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.)，Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.
二、关于英文人名的标注
现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求，英文人名的标注较为混乱，有标注全名的，有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的，还有在姓、名之间加圆点的，后者是我国翻译作品中，中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。
其实，标注英文人名是有章可循的，在国外学术著作的参考文献中，关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式，即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时，要求姓在前、名在后，姓与名之间用逗号隔开，姓的词首字母大写，其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示，后加缩写符号圆点，缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后，在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson，前面两个词是名，最后一个词是姓，应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢？
1. 在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时，以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一，即以姓作为检索目标之一。
2. 在欧美人姓名表达含义里，姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者，还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点，也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味，缩写符号不可省略。
3. 表示与平常书写姓名的不同，体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求，符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术著作、科技文献中已广泛采用，也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。
对于复姓情况，如Jory Albores-Saavedra等，在引用标注时，应将复姓全部写出，即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况，如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等，标注时不能省略，应同姓一起提到前面标注，如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。
一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时，标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外，作者与作者之间用逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&符号，如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者，之后加etc.表示。
计算机的论文一般分为设计类和研究类，设计类就是做出来一个东西再加上论文，论文内容主要包括背景，研究现状，主要的技术，功能实现，系统结构以及总结等。研究类就是可以不用做出东西来，但是一般需要一些数据来证明自己的结论，论文里面就不需要再写功能实现自己系统结构等内容。