论文答辩”,“答辩论文”=在英国大学,也有美国的,用的是viva或vivavoce,意即口头测试。viva是拉丁字
英语毕业论文答辩(通用6篇)
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵,提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》,thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning, Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
thesisdefense/dissertationdefense都可以两个词的区别仅限于字典而已,大部分英美的学校都把硕士论文也叫做dissertation的在英国本科叫thesis,硕士和博士都叫dissertation。在美国好像硕士多叫thesis。
论文答辩Oral defense
据学术堂了解,答辩者在毕业论文答辩之前应该从以下几个方面去准备:首先,要写好毕业论文的简介,主要内容应包括论文的题目,指导教师姓名,选择该题目的动机,论文的主要论点、论据和写作体会以及本议题的理论意义和实践意义.其次,要熟悉自己所写论文的全文,尤其是要熟悉主体部分和结论部分的内容,明确论文的基本观点和主论的基本依据;弄懂弄通论文中所使用的主要概念的确切涵义,所运用的基本原理的主要内容;同时还要仔细审查、反复推敲文章中有无自相矛盾、谬误、片面或模糊不清的地方,有无与党的政策方针相冲突之处等等.如发现有上述问题,就要作好充分准备--补充、修正、解说等.只要认真设防,堵死一切漏洞,这样在答辩过程中,就可以做列心中有数、临阵不慌、沉着应战.第三,要了解和掌握与自己所写论文相关联的知识和材料.如自己所研究的这个论题学术界的研究已经达到了什么程度目前,存在着哪些争议有几种代表性观点各有哪些代表性著作和文章自己倾向哪种观点及理由;重要引文的出处和版本;论证材料的来源渠道等等.这些方面的知识和材料都要在答辩前做到有比较好的了解和掌握.第四,论文还有哪些应该涉及或解决,但因力所不及而未能接触的问题,还有哪些在论文中未涉及到或涉及到很少,而研究过程中确已接触到了并有一定的见解,只是由于觉得与论文表述的中心关联不大而没有写入等等.第五,对于优秀论文的作者来说,还要搞清楚哪些观点是继承或借鉴了他人的研究成果,哪些是自己的创新观点,这些新观点、新见解是怎么形成的等等.对上述内容,作者在答辩前都要很好地准备,经过思考、整理,写成提纲,记在脑中,这样在答辩时就可以做到心中有数,从容作答.
一、自述(学生用英语完成):1、先问好,再开始自述,自述时间为5-8分钟,要简明扼要,必要时可将自述内容提纲制作成Powerpoint文件。2、主要陈述内容:(1)自己选择这个题目的原因;(2)设计和实施的简单过程(如,商务方向:采用什么方法来搜集信息、资料等);(3)自己论文的主要内容(不要念论文,最好用4、5句话简单介绍论文内容,如,商务方向:做了哪些调查,得出什么结论,计划如何实施项目);(4)仍然存在的问题(如,商务:在实施项目中可能会遇到的风险以及如何解决);3、最好准备相关文字并熟记(答辩时要脱稿陈述,但是可以看PPT文件)。4、语言最好简单清楚,不要直接用论文中内容,应该用解释性的句式,如:When I was designing the lessons, I found that….二、回答老师问题(老师用英语提问,学生用英语回答):1、大约有4-6个问题,时间将持续10-15分钟。2、首先要听清楚问题,如果没有听清,可以要求老师重复问题(可以说pardon之类的话)。3、回答时首先要态度好,要切题,而且不要保持沉默,不会时可以表示抱歉。4、常见问题:(1)关于选题:Why do you choose this topic for your thesis? //?Why were you interested?in this?topic?(2)关于选题意义:What’s the importance/significance?in?doing such a research project? // What do you want the readers?get?from your thesis?(3)关于论文:理论知识:Explain … (your theory). // Why do you think?this theory can be applied?in your?project? // Use one example to illustrate this.数据分析:How do you analyze your data? // How do you justify the validity of?your data?analysis?5、其他常见问题汇总(1)Presentation: twice as long as your abstract(2)Why did you choose this topic? /What made you choose this topic?(3)What are the major previous findings put forth by other scholars?(4)From what perspective did you try to approach the topic? What are your findings/new points?(5)n what way/ ways are your findings useful/related to your future life/career or job-seeking?(6)Do you believe in what …….says? Why or why not?三、自考英语本科论文答辩开场白范文。Good professors?and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the?oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.)I am , I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor XXX,?for his?intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions?and?comments on my is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished?this topic?is whole thesis consists of --- first?part will?give a brief introduction of the second part is going to analyze the third part, ---------will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about? --------. Then the author will?dig into?the root causes of ------- in the fifth part, and sum up the whole?paper to?reveal --------of ---------in the last you!四、自考英语论文答辩注意事项。1、在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力。?2、答辩前应做好充分的准备,最重要的是熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点。这一点十分重要,如果不熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点,答辩时很难自圆其说。3、要有自信心。当然,自信心主要来自事先的充分准备。4、带一份定稿(要与老师们持有的论文页码一致)。5、最后要向老师们表示感谢。(以上内容来源:学术堂)
这些你可以看下,一定要定真的看下,这些就是答辩的流程和细节,非常重要,答辩是最后的冲刺,如果答辩没过,前面的所有心血都白费了,所以一定要重视。希望能帮到你一、答辩者(论文作者)的准备答辩前的准备,最重要的是答辩者的准备。要保证论文答辩的质量和效果,关键在答辩者一边。论文作者要顺序通过答辩,在提交了论文之后,不要有松一口气的思想,而应抓紧时间积极准备论文答辩。在答辩之前应该从以下几个方面做准备:首先,要写好毕业论文的简介,主要内容应包括论文的题目,指导教师姓名,选择该题目的动机,论文的主要论点、论据和写作体会以及本议题的理论意义和实践意义。其次,要熟悉自己所写论文的全文,尤其是要熟悉主体部分和结论部分的内容,明确论文的基本观点和主要结论的基本依据;弄懂弄通论文中所使用的主要概念的确切涵义,所运用的基本原理的主要内容;同时还要仔细审查、反复推敲文章中有无自相矛盾、谬误、片面或模糊不清的地方,有无与党的政策方针相冲突之处等等。如发现有上述问题,就要作好充分准备——补充、修正、解说等。做到心中有数、临阵不慌、沉着应战。第三,要了解和掌握与自己所写论文相关联的知识和材料。如自己所研究的这个课题的背景,课题的研究已经达到了什么程度,目前存在着哪些争议,有几种代表性观点,自己倾向哪种观点及理由。重要引文的出处和版本,论证材料的来源渠道等。这些方面的知识和材料都要在答辩前做到有比较好的了解和掌握。第四,论文存在的问题。还有哪些应该涉及或解决,但因力所不及而未能接触的问题。还有哪些在论文中未涉及到或涉及到很少的问题,而研究过程中确已接触到了并有一定的见解。以及该课题还需要进一步研究的问题等等。第五,对于优秀论文的作者来说,还要搞清楚哪些观点是继承或借鉴了他人的研究成果,哪些是自己的创新观点,这些新观点、新见解是怎么形成的等等。二、答辩报告提纲由于答辩时间限制,对论文的内容必须言简意赅,重点突出地表述。报告中一般包括以下几点:1.论文的选题意义。包括:为什么选择这个课题(或题目),研究这个课题有什么应用价值或理论意义,本课题的研究历史和现状,即前人做过哪些研究,取得哪些成果,有哪些问题需要解决,自己有什么新的想法,提出并解决了哪些问题。2.论文使用的研究方法或者论文相关的基本原理。包括:实验是怎样设计的,数据是怎样获得的,论文结构是如何安排的,有何基本理论和方法。3.论文的主要工作。包括:解决了什么问题,得到了什么成果,成果的创新之处或者与以前的成果的区别。4.论文的结论。对本文工作进行总结,论文结果的意义或应用价值。三、答辩要注意的问题要顺利通过答辩,并在答辩时真正发挥出自己的水平,除了在答辩前充分作好准备外,还需要了解和掌握答辩的要领和答辩的艺术。1.携带必要的资料和用品。参加答辩会,要携带论文的底稿和主要参考资料。在回答过程中,是允许翻看自己的论文和有关参考资料的,答辩时虽然不能依赖这些资料,但带上这些资料,当遇到一时记不起来时,稍微翻阅一下有关资料,就可以避免出现答不上来的尴尬和慌乱。2.要有自信心,不要紧张。在作了充分准备的基础上,大可不必紧张,要有自信心。树立信心,消除紧张慌乱心理很重要,因为过度的紧张会使本来可以回答出来的问题也答不上来。只有充满自信,沉着冷静,才会在答辩时有良好的表现。而自信心主要来自事先的充分准备。3.听清问题后经过思考再作回答。主答辩老师在提问题时,要集中注意力认真聆听,并将问题回答略记在本子上,仔细推敲主答辩老师所提问题的要害和本质是什么?切忌未弄清题意就匆忙作答。如果对所提问题没有断清楚,可以请提问老师再说一遍。如果对问题中有些概念不太理解,可以请提问老师做些解释,或者把自己对问题的理解说出来,并问清是不是这个意思,等得到肯定的答复后再作回答。只有这样,才有可能避免答所非问。答到点子上。4.回答问题要简明扼要,层次分明。在弄清了主答辩老师所提问题的确切涵义后,要在较短的时间内作出反应,要充满自信地以流畅的语言和肯定的语气把自己的想法讲述出来,不要犹犹豫豫。回答问题,一要抓住要害,简明扼要,不要东拉西扯,使人听后不得要领;二要力求客观、全面、辩证,留有余地,切忌把话说“死”;三要条分缕析,层次分明。此外还要注意吐词清晰,声音适中等等。5.对回答不出的问题,不可强辩。答辩者如果有把握讲清,就可以申明理由进行答辩;如果不太有把握,可以审慎地试着回答,能回答多少就回答多少,即使讲得不很确切也不要紧,只要是同问题有所关联,老师会引导和启发你切入正题;如果确是自己没有搞清的问题,就应该实事求是地讲明自己对这个问题还没有搞清楚,表示今后一定认真研究这个问题,切不可强词夺理,进行狡辩。当然,所有问题都答不上来,一问三不知就不正常了。6.要讲文明礼貌。论文答辩的过程也是学术思想交流的过程。答辩者应把它看成是向答辩老师和专家学习,请求指导,讨教问题的好机会。因此,在整个答辩过程中,答辩者应该尊重答辩委员会的老师,言行举止要讲文明、有礼貌,尤其是在主答辩老师提出的问题难以回答,或答辩老师的观点与自己的观点相左时,更应该注意如此。答辩结束,无论答辩情况如何,都要从容、有礼貌地退场。7.仪容整洁,举止端庄。论文答辩是一个严肃而庄重的场合,答辩者一定要注意自己的仪容、举止,要做到衣着整洁、表情自然、落落大方、彬彬有礼,显示出大学生应有的气质和风度。此外,毕业论文答辩之后,答辩者应该认真听取答辩委员会的评判,进一步分析、思考答辩老师提出的意见,总结论文写作的经验教训。一方面,要搞清楚通过这次毕业论文写作,自己学习和掌握了哪些科学研究的方法,在提出问题、分析问题、解决问题以及科研能力上得到了提高。还存在哪些不足,作为今后研究其他课题时的借鉴。另一方面,要认真思索论文答辩会上,答辩老师提出的问题和意见,修改自己的论文,加深研究,精心修改自己的论文,求得纵深发展,取得更大的战果。使自己在知识上、能力上有所提高。
步骤一、自述(用英语完成)
先问好,再开始自述,自述时间为5-10分钟,要简明扼要。
good morning, all appraises committee members,Iam ___ and my supervisor is ___. the title of my paper is____.
接下来,一般要做一个大概十分钟的presentation 在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩:
1、自己为什么选择这个课题? 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何? 5、在研究本课题的过程中,发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见,自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的? 6、论文虽未论及,但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些? 7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚,在论文中论述得不够透彻? 8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么?对以上问题应仔细想一想,必要时要用笔记整理出来,写成发言提纲,在答辩时用。
步骤二、答辩(用英语完成)
一般来说,老师会提问与你论文相关的问题。可以是大的方面的:论文的背景知识、写作思路、论文的结构、论文所解决问题的意义等,大约有6-8个问题,时间将持续10-15分钟。对于答辩者来说,首先要听清楚问题,如果没有听清,可以要求老师重复问题(可以说pardon之类的话)。回答时首先要态度好,要切题,而且不要保持沉默,不会时可以表示抱歉。
常见问题:
(1)关于选题:如why did you choose this topic for your paper?或why were you interested in this project?
(2)关于具体部分:
商务方向:swot,costing,flowchart,risk,stakeholder,如do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或do you think this a necessary activity for the project?
(3)关于背景知识及理论知识:如what does swot stand for?(商务)
(4)关于论文存在的问题:如in the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.
(5)关于项目或论文将来的发展:如:商务方向:if possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit?
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英语专业毕业答辩流程和技巧
英语本科的论文答辩主要分为两部分:自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题,下面对这两部分进行详细讲解。
一、自述(用英语完成):
1、先问好,再开始自述,自述时间为5-10分钟,要简明扼要,必须将自述内容提纲制作成Powerpoint文件。
2、主要陈述内容(即Powerpoint文件主要内容):
(1)自己选择这个题目的原因;
(2)设计和实施的.简单过程(如,商务方向:采用什么方法来搜集信息、资料等);
(3)自己论文的主要内容(不要念论文,最好用4、5句话简单介绍论文内容,如,商务方向:做了哪些调查,得出什么结论,计划如何实施项目);
(4)仍然存在的问题(如,商务:在实施项目中可能会遇到的风险以及如何解决);
3、最好准备相关文字并熟记(答辩时要脱稿陈述,但是可以看PPT文件)。
4、语言最好简单清楚,不要直接用论文中内容,应该用解释性的句式,如:When I was designing the lessons, I found that….
二、回答老师问题(老师用英语提问,学生用英语回答):
1、大约有6-8个问题,时间将持续10-15分钟。
2、首先要听清楚问题,如果没有听清,可以要求老师重复问题(可以说pardon之类的话)。
3、回答时首先要态度好,要切题,而且不要保持沉默,不会时可以表示抱歉。
4、常见问题:
(1) 关于选题:如Why did you choose this topic for your paper?或Why were you interested in this project?
(2) 关于具体部分:
商务方向:SWOT,COSTING,FLOWCHART,RISK,STAKEHOLDER,如Do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或Do you think this a necessary activity for the project?
(3) 关于背景知识及理论知识:如What does SWOT stand for?(商务)
(4) 关于论文存在的问题:如In the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.
(5) 关于项目或论文将来的发展:如:商务方向:If possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit?
5、带一份定稿(要与老师们持有的论文页码一致)。
6、最后要向老师们表示感谢。
三、Powerpoint文件内容(英文):
1、不要太多内容,最好在5-10个幻灯片。
2、字号最好是:封面标题44-50;各页标题40-44,正文24-32。
3、内容最好是提纲式的,不要用长句,也最好不用单词,可以用简单句子或短语。
4、具体内容与上面提出的自述内容一致,这样有利于自述。
5、格式一般是:封面(题目和姓名)-目录-各方面内容-结束页(可以表示感谢)。
毕业论文答辩的准备和技巧 毕业论文答辩是毕业论文教学活动的最后一个环节。是对已完成的论文的最后审核(论文的真伪和优劣)与检验(学生对研究问题所掌握的深度与广度);是对学生研究问题的水平和能力的综合考核,学生将要自主地以自述加答问的方式展示成果、阐述观点,应对质疑。 一、答辩前的准备 首先要做好心理准备。要克服怯场心理,消除紧张情绪,保持良好的心理状态。要有自信意识。这是学生应具备的最基本的一种心理素质。凡是有充分自信意识的学生,在答辩过程中就会精神焕发、心绪镇静、神态自若、思维敏捷、记忆完整。答辨就可以淋漓尽致地发挥。要做到自信,需要对自己的论文从内容、范围、材料有充分的理解和多方面的准备,做到烂熟于心。从整体到局部都有了然于胸的感受,这样就能对提出的种种质疑,应付自如,即使不能对答如流,至少也能迎刃而解,问有所答。真正做到“艺高胆大”,有了真才实学,就不怕别人提出质询。 其次要做好资料的准备。不要忘记将与论文有关的一些图表类资料整理好。如经济类论文答辩时,可能会涉及许多统计表、统计图、测算表、明细表、演示图等。准备许多相关的图表,悬挂在答辩现场,供作讲解之辅助工具。 最后要做好发言提纲的准备。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”不打无准备之仗,答辩者在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩: 1、自己为什么选择这个课题? 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何? 5、在研究本课题的过程中,发现了那些不同见解?对这些不同的意见,自己是怎样逐步认识的?又是如何处理的? 6、论文虽未论及,但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些? 7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚,在论文中论述得不够透彻? 8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么? 对以上问题应仔细想一想,必要时要用笔记整理出来,写成发言提纲,在答辩时用。 二、答辩技巧 学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要,这就是所谓“自述报告”,须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读,把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要,言简意赅。不能占用过多时间,一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被,画到无时是熟时”,就是说,尽量做到词约旨丰,一语中的。要突出重点,把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明;二忌内容空泛,东拉西扯;三忌平平淡淡,没有重点。 在答辩时,学生要注意仪态与风度,这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象,就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究(如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等)认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑,挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负;肩手颈正显示正直、刚强,脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此,就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守,略为弯腰有度,稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其所具风度姿态,即使全场有肃然起敬之心,举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言,对我们确实有很大的启发。 在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是: 沉着冷静,边听边记 精神集中,认真思考 既要自信,又要虚心 实事求是,绝不勉强 听准听清,听懂听明 在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里?从哪一个角度去回答问题最好?应举什么例子来证明?回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。 二、有开头主体与结尾。 三、有条理、有层次。 四、应用词确当,语言流畅。 五、应口齿清楚、语速适度。开头要简洁:单刀直入,是最好的开头,开门见山地表述观点,在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析,即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析,实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼,由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面,而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并,整理成若干条目,列成几个小标题:分成几点,一点一点,一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃,满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来,环环相扣,条条相连,令人听完后有清楚的印象。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲,那么沿着回答问题的主线,再穿上一些玉珠(举例子)就可以做到中心明确,条理清楚,有理有例了。
关于内容:1、一般概括性内容:课题标题、答辩人、课题执行时间、课题指导教师、课题的归属、致谢等。2、课题研究内容:研究目的、方案设计(流程图)、运行过程、研究结果、创新性、应用价值、有关课题延续的新看法等。3、PPT要图文并茂,突出重点,让答辩老师明白哪些是自己独立完成的,页数不要太多,30页左右足够,不要出现太多文字,老师对文字和公式都不怎么感兴趣;4、凡是贴在PPT上的图和公式,要能够自圆其说,没有把握的坚决不要往上面贴。5、每页下面记得标页码,这样比较方便评委老师提问的时候review关于模板:1、可以去像素网选择一套合适的论文答辩PPT模板,不要用太华丽的企业商务模板,学术ppt最好低调简洁一些;2、推荐底色白底(黑字、红字和蓝字)、蓝底(白字或黄字)、黑底(白字和黄字),这三种配色方式可保证幻灯质量。我个人觉得学术ppt还是白底好;3、动手能力强的大牛可以自己做附和课题主题的模板,其实很简单,就是把喜欢的图在“幻灯片母版”模式下插入就行了。
具体的范文模板链接:
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点,并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容:
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想,并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题,需思考:
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚,一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以,同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例:
1、首先,从一个问题开始。例如:互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次,表明你对这个问题的立场。例如:互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后,发展你的答案。例如:互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消:互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点,以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
一般现在时用得较多,但在引用他人论述时还会使用过去时。具体句子,具体时态。一般规律用一般现在时,过去说过的话,做过的事用过去时。过去某点(上午三点)前用过去完成时,一直持续到现在动作用现在完成时,也就常用这几个时态。
英文论文写作中,什么情况下用什么时态,时态和时态之间有什么区别呢?着实是困扰着一大批同学们。 首先问大家一个问题,你们知道英语中一共有多少种时态吗? 莫慌!其实真正用的多的就三种而已: 1.一般现在时:描述事实、规律、概况现象等; 2.一般过去时:叙述方法和过去发生的事; 3.现在完成时:描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响。 那么现在就让我来举例说明这三种时态的常见用法吧~ 1.描述已知的知识点,形成论文话题,确立研究范围。(也就是铺开背景, 多用于引言部分) Eg:Cellular senescence is the dynamic process of durable cell-cycle arrest 翻译:细胞衰老是细胞周期持久停止的动态过程。 2.提出研究目标/总结研究成果(告诉读者我要干啥/我干了啥) Eg:Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older nursing home residents. 翻译:肌少症在养老院的老年人中非常普遍。 3.描述权威,得到公认的前人研究成果,通常需要加上参考文献作为引用的源头,多用于导言和讨论(告诉读者,该领域前辈们干了啥)。 Eg:Cellular senescence biomarkers are readily identifiable in the livers of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis .(Aravinthan et al., 2013; Wiemann et al,2002) 翻译:在非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肝硬化个体的肝脏中很容易识别细胞衰老生物标志物。(Aravinthan et al.,2013;Wiemann et al.,2002) 4.经过实验证明分析,我们得出的结论可以作为一个公认的知识点。(常出现在结论中) Eg:In conclusion, sarcopenia is an independent factor of OS in patients with DLBCL underwent chemotherapy. 【PS:OS=overall survival 总生存率】 翻译:总之,在接受化疗的DLBCL患者中,肌细胞减少是OS的独立因素。 5. 提及图表。(图表比单纯的文字叙述要更直观,大家要重视作图哦~) Eg:Figure 3shows typical time courses for SC under this scenario。 翻译:图3显示了这种情况下SC的典型时间过程。 1. 叙述前人的研究成果 Eg:In fact, it was nearly 60 years ago that Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead first defined replicative senescence by finding that normal human fetal fibroblasts ceased proliferation after long-term passaging [1]. (可能有细心的同学有疑问:“欸?这里不是和一般现在时的用法冲突了吗?”不是哦,用过去时,只是纯粹报道一下前人的研究成果,但如果该成果已经得到公认,那就可以用一般现在时。因此在不确定的情况下,使用一般过去时显得更为保险) 2.叙述实验过程/结果。 Eg:Weincluded 16 studies with a total of 3585 participants from 129 nursing homes . 翻译:我们纳入了16项研究,共3585名参与者,他们来自129家养老院。 1.引出新话题,强调重要性。 Eg:Several recent observations have reinvigorated the field to explore how senescent cells promote dysfunction in organisms. 翻译:最近的几项观察使这一领域重新活跃起来,以探索衰老细胞是如何促进有机体功能的。 Eg:Recently, studies have suggested that telomere-associated DNA damage can occur in senescentcells in vivo regardless of telomere length. 翻译:最近,研究表明,无论端粒长度如何,与端粒相关的DNA损伤都会在体内的衰老细胞中发生。 2.概括前人研究成果,突出研究进展 Eg:Introduction of a senescent-cell specific inducible suicide gene in mice,has given us clues about the consequence of senescent cell accumulation in various tissues anddiseases. 翻译:小鼠衰老细胞特异性诱导自杀基因的引入,为我们了解衰老细胞在各种组织和疾病中积累的后果提供了线索。 3.为了提出研究空白而搭建过去与现在的联系 Eg:However,conclusive evidence for causality behind a relationship between senescence and aging has remained elusive until very recently.翻译:然而,直到最近,关于衰老和老化之间关系背后的因果关系的确凿证据仍然难以找到。 除了以上三种时态,写作中还有两种时态会用上——现在进行时和一般将来时。 1.表达进行中的趋势 Eg:In conclusion, it is becoming clear that targeting age-related changes in cancer may provide novel ways in which to alleviate this growing public health burden. 翻译:总之,针对与年龄相关的癌症变化,可能为减轻这种日益增长的公共卫生负担提供新的出路变得愈发清晰。 1.指向未来(在讨论部分指出未来的研究方向) Eg:It will beinteresting to see if future experimental findings in this exciting field agree with and corroborate this view of the evolution of cellular senescence . 翻译:在这一令人振奋的领域中,未来的实验结果是否同意并证实这一细胞衰老演变的观点将是有趣的。 到这里,我们就讲完了英文论文写作中几种时态的常见用法,但是有小可爱可能会疑惑,一般过去时和现在完成时该怎么区分。 抛开“【一般过去时】发生在比较远的【过去】,【现在完成时】发生在比较近的过去。”这种“听君一席话,如听一席话”的解释,让我们带入场景来理解。 老师:Did you do your homework? 作业做了没? 学生a:Yes ,I did. 做完了 学生b:Yes, I did,but I haven't finished it yet. 做了,但没完全做完 老师布置了课堂作业,下课要收,现在问: Have you finished the essay yet? 你们的论文写完了没? 场景1中的a君面对老师的询问,淡淡表示自己写完了。而b君则着重强调了“没写完,但是写了”的事实(这不就是妥妥的狡辩嘛) 场景2中,老师的关注点不是写没写,而是学生写没写完。潜台词:写完了快点交,我要下课了。 总之,【一般过去时】和【现在完成时】描述的都是过去发生的动作,区别在于,主观上,说话者是否强调该动作对现在的影响。(没写作业可能会被骂/学生课堂作业拖拖拉拉就耽误批改效率)一般情况用前者,需要强调用后者。 把知识变成常识需要一个过程,路漫漫其修远兮,みなさん一绪に顽张ろうね。(大家一起加油呐) 参考文献: 1. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sacropenia in Nursing Home Residents :A Sytematic Review and Meta-analysis. Yanjiao Shen, Jing Chen MMS, Xiaoyan Chen MMS, Lisha Hou MPH, Xiufang Lin MMD,Ming Yang MD. 2. Insights from In Vivo Studies of Cellular Senescence. Luis I. Prieto 1, Sara I. Graves 1 and Darren J. Baker 1,2,* 3. On the evolution of cellular senescence Axel Kowald1,2 | João F. Passos3 | Thomas B. L. Kirkwood1,4 4. Cellular senescence: Implications for metabolic disease Marissa J. Schafera,b, Jordan D. Millera,c,d, and Nathan K. LeBrasseura,b,* 5. How the ageing microenvironment influences tumour progression Mitchell Fane1,2,*, Ashani T. Weeraratna1,2,3,* 6. Sarcopenia predicts overall survival in patients with malignant hematological diseases: A meta-analysis Alexey Surov a*, Andreas Wienke b END 文 | 夹耳朵的螃蟹
在撰写英文论文的材料与方法时应该使用过去时。
过去式(past tense)是英语语法的一种,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词原形的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
1.过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示。
2.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。
【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。
动词变化规则:
一般动词直接加-ed,例如:look-looked;
以哑e结尾的动词直接加-d,例如:dance-danced;
辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,例如:study-studied;
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母加-ed,例如:skip-skipped;
以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加-ed;
以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。例如:travel-travelled/traveled(美);
部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第6条,这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。例如:worship-worshipped/worshiped(美)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(美)。
注:英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母。
不规则动词变化:
动词过去式与原形相同;
动词过去式以-ought或-aught结尾的单词;
动词过去式由原形结尾的-end变为-ent;
动词过去式以-elt,-eft,-ept结尾;
动词过去式与原形比较,其中一个元音字母发生改变;
动词过去式以-ew结尾;
动词过去式-ee-变为-e-。
论文整体用一般现在时。但叙述以前发生的历史事件要用过去时,如in1992,heproposedatheorythat......,直接引用,时态和原文一样。
答辩的话一般都是大学本科生,基本要走的一个流程,你也不要害怕,一般的话都是可以通过的。 如果说你写的论文是有一些片数据类的话,建议你可以做一个ppt,把你的核心内容展示在上边,当然也要根据你的具体情况来具体分析,如果你觉得没有必要做的话,你就把你的论文的主要内容熟悉一下,然后老师问你能说出重点即可。
一、了解小组答辩的老师们
在论文写作完成之后,要先对学生进行小组答辩。答辩之前,班级群里一般都会发答辩安排表,你需要看清楚自己所在的组别、答辩老师、答辩地点。得到这些信息之后,去了解所在小组答辩老师的研究方向,这个一般学校官网都有老师的简介。看看哪些老师的研究方向和自己的论文关联性高,重点针对这些老师做准备。
二、答辩流程
1.大胆自信的走上讲台。
2.向老师问好,开始自己的介绍。
3. 答辩的自我陈述时间一般是3-5分钟,最好把控好时间,不要啰哩吧嗦,也不要无话可说,虽然评阅老师们都提前看过论文内容,也知道你的论文水平,但是你的陈述仍然是很重要的部分,一定要流畅陈述,不结巴不停顿。在学生陈述过程中,老师们一般都心不在焉的翻阅答辩记录等,但你绝不要认为老师没有在听你讲述,不要觉得他们毫不care你的观点,其实他们都听着呢。所以这个3-5分钟的稿子还是需要提前准备的。
4. 无论在问答过程中,你和老师交流的是否愉快,你都要秉持谦逊请教的态度,认可老师的观点,主动认错,主动揽下思考不周、没花太大精力的“责任”,这样的话,老师就不会一直怼你啦。
其实,最顺利通过论文答辩的方式就是花心思去好好写啊,这样老师肯定不会刁难你,还会夸你论文结构严谨、值得提倡,一般优秀毕业论文的答辩流程就是自我阐述,然后老师说论文不错,没有太大问题,问一些某个章节或者某个观点的依据,你轻松回答完,5分钟就可以结束答辩。
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教你如何顺利通过毕业论文答辩
为了搞好毕业论文答辩,在举行答辩会前,校方、答辩委员会、答辩者(撰写毕业论文的作者)三方都要作好充分的准备。对于学员而言,当然是要做好十足准备啦!下面我就来教你如何顺利通过毕业论文答辩,当然一定要做好以下几点。
(一)掌握总体
以下五点是同学们答辩时必须做到:1、脱稿汇报;2、突出重点;3、抓住兴趣;4、掌握时间;5、留下伏笔;
(二)开场白的准备
答辩开始时要向专家问好,开场白是整个论文答辩的正式开始,它可以吸引注意力、建立可信性、预告答辩的意图和主要内容。好的开始是成功的一半,要切合主题、符合答辩基调、运用适当的语言。应避免负面开头,如自我辩解等(如“我最近找工作压力太大,准备不充分……”“我工作太忙,准备不太好……),既不能体现对答辩委员会专家的尊重,也是个人自信不足的表现,答辩者在各位专家的第一印象中大打折扣。牢记谦虚谨慎是我国的传统美德,但是谦虚并非不自信。同时也要避免自我表现,洋洋得意,寻求赞赏。过度的表现,会引起答辩委员会专家的反感。(如“经过这么多年的思考,我认为我的这种制度设计已经达到最科学,最完美的……,”)
(三)报告论文
报告时应注意:掌握时间、扼要介绍、.沉着冷静,语音优美,用普通话,抑扬顿挫,表情丰富,表达淋漓尽致,语气上要用肯定的语言,是即是,非即非,不能模棱两可。内容上紧扣主题,表达上口齿清楚、流利,声音要响亮,富于感染力,可使用适当的手势,以取得答辩的最佳效果。我参加的答辩会上大部分同学是用比较小的音量进行陈述,估计只有前两排的人才听得清楚。声音大有三个好处:一是增强胆量,减少怯场,二是更加引起老师的注意力,三是会使自己更富激情,从而感染老师。当然,语言的流畅性、信服力等,非一日之功,看临场发挥了。
(四)如何回答答辩委员会专家提出的问题
研究生报告结束后,答辩委员会专家将会每人提出二到四个问题,记录问题时注意进行确认是否理解正确,有些专家的声音比较低沉(如重庆大学的许明月教授),你听不清时,一定要追问一下“如老师您的意思是...?”。理解错问题就麻烦了,导致回答问题时非常被动。我校允许有20分钟的准备时间,你可专家提问不管妥当与否,都要耐心倾听,不要随便打断别人的问话。对专家提出的问题,当回答完整、自我感觉良好时,不要流露出骄傲情绪。如果确实不知如何回答时,应直接向专家说明,不要答非所问。对没有把握的问题,不要强词夺理,实事求是表明自己对这个问题还没搞清楚,今后一定要认真研究这个问题。总之,答辩中应实事求是,不卑不亢,有礼有节,时刻表现出对专家的尊重和感谢。注意答辩不纯粹是学术答辩,非学术成分大约占一半,要显示出自己各方面的成熟,要证明自己有了学术研究的能力。
有时答辩委员会的老师对答辩人所作的回答不太满意,还会进一步提出问题,以求了解论文作者是否切实搞清和掌握了这个问题。遇到这种情况,答辩人如果有把握讲清,就可以申明理由进行答辩;如果不太有把握,可以审慎地试着回答,能回答多少就回答多少,即使讲得不很确切也不要紧,只要是同问题有所关联,老师会引导和启发你切入正题;如果确是自己没有搞清的'问题,就应该实事求是地讲明自己对这个问题还没有搞清楚,表示今后一定认真研究这个问题,切不可强词夺理,进行狡辩。因为,答辩委员会的老师对这个问题有可能有过专门研究,再高明的也不可能蒙他。这里我们应该明白:学员在答辩会上,某个问题被问住是不奇怪的,因为答辩委员会成员一般是本学科的专家。他们提出来的某个问题答不上来是很自然的。当然,所有问题都答不上来,一问三不知就不正常了。
答辩中,有时主答辩老师会提出与你的论文中基本观点不同的观点,然后请你谈谈看法,此时就应全力为自己观点辩护,反驳与自己观点相对立的思想。主答辩老师在提问的问题中,有的是基础知识性的问题,有的是学术探讨性的问题,对于前一类问题,是要你作出正确、全面地回答,不具有商讨性。而后一类问题,是非正误并未定论,持有不同观点的人可以互相切磋商讨。如果你所写的论文的基本观点是经过自己深思熟虑,又是言之有理、持之有据,能自圆其说的,就不要因为答辩委员会成员提出不同的见解,就随声附和,放弃自己的观点。否则,就等于是你自己否定了自己辛辛苦苦写成的论文。
要知道,有的答辩老师提出的与你论文相左的观点,并不是他本人的观点,他提出来无非是想听听你对这种观点的评价和看法,或者是考考你的答辩能力或你对自己观点的坚定程度。退一步说,即使是提问老师自己的观点,你也应该抱着“吾爱吾师,吾更爱真理”的态度,据理力争,与之展开辩论。不过,与答辩老师展开辩论要注意分寸,运用适当的辩术。一般说,应以维护自己的观点为主,反驳对方的论点要尽可能采用委婉的语言,请教的口气,用旁说、暗说、绕着说的办法,不露痕迹地把自己的观点输入对方,让他们明理而诚服或暗服。让提问老师感受到虽接受你的意见,但自己的自尊并没受到伤害。
(五)结束语和致谢
报告结束前一定要进行致谢。论文答辩之后,作者应该认真听取答辩委员会的评判,进一步分析、思考答辩老师提出的意见,总结论文写作的经验教训。一方面,要搞清楚通过这次毕业论文写作,自己学习和掌握了哪些科学研究的方法,在提出问题、分析问题、解决问题以及科研能力上得到了提高。还存在哪些不足,作为今后研究其他课题时的借鉴。另一方面,要认真思索论文答辩会上,答辩老师提出的问题和意见,修改自己的论文,加深研究,精心修改自己的论文,求得纵深发展,取得更大的战果。使自己在知识上、能力上有所提高。
1.一、对论文有一个 深刻、全面、准确的理解 参加论文答辩,首先必须对自己所著的论文有深刻、...2.二、提前演练 在答辩前要事先规划好自己的论文陈述都说什么。 比如说3.为什么选择这个题目;4.写作目的是什么,为解决什么问题;5.三、做好PPT