经济学人2022杂志封面

A revolution in healthcare is coming Welcome to Doctor You Feb 1st 2018NO WONDER they are called “patients”.When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today, they know what they will get: prodding doctors, endless tests, baffling jargon, rising costs and, above all, long waits. Some stoicism will always be needed, because health care is complex and diligence matters. But frustration is boiling week three of the biggest names in American business—Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase—announced a new venture to provide better, cheaper health care for their employees. A fundamental problem with today’s system is that patients lack knowledge and control. Access to data can bestow both. The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. You can take over-the-counter tests to analyse your blood, sequence your genome and check on the bacteria in your gut. Yet radical change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. That shift is happening. Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients—access to your own medical records and the ability easily to share information with those you trust. That allows you to reduce inefficiencies in your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical algorithms. You can enhance your own care and everyone else’s, too. jargon: the language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people stoicism: the quality or behavior of a person who accepts what happens without complaining or showing emotion 现在病人走进一家医院，都能预料到会是什么样的：仓促的医生，数不清的检测，看不懂的病例，涨不停的费用和无尽的等待... 病人的问题就是他们不清楚状况和缺乏对自己病情的控制 所以亚马逊和JPMorgan还有Berkshire Hathaway 成立了一个新的公司，为他们的员工提供更好更廉价的医疗 The doctor will be you now Medical data may not seem like the type of kindling to spark a revolution. But the flow of information is likely to bear fruit in several ways. One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical-grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias. Apps are vying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer and concussion to Parkinson’s disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test. Some think that changes in how quickly a person swipes a phone’s touchscreen might signal the onset of cognitive problems. A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness and gangrene. Akili Interactive, a startup, plans to seek regulatory approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brain implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (see article). 医疗数据可能不会带来一个伟大的变革，但是会有非常多的好处，这四段分别讲了四个有用的地方，看经济学人重要的是看清楚文章的逻辑！ 第一个好处是：更好地诊断 第二个好处是：管理复杂的疾病 Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. Although health records are increasingly electronic, they are often still trapped in silos. Many contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 deaths in America attributable to medical error each year can be traced to poorly co-ordinated care. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strong incentive to get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors. On January 24th Apple laid out its plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records (see article). A final benefit of putting patients in charge stems from the generation and aggregation of their data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being trained by a unit of Alphabet, Google’s parent company, to identify cancerous tissues and retinal damage. As patients’data stream from smartphones and “wearables”, they will teach AIs to do ever more. Future AIs could, for instance, provide automated medical diagnosis from a description of your symptoms, spot behavioural traits that suggest you are depressed or identify if you are at special risk of cardiac disease. The aggregation of data will also make it easier for you to find other people with similar diseases and to see how they responded to various treatments. 第三个好处是提高医疗效率 第四个好处是病人掌控自己的数据整合等 讲完了好处接下来讲坏处... An Apple a day As with all new technologies, pitfalls accompany the promise. Hucksters will launch apps that do not work. But with regulators demanding oversight of apps that present risks to patients, users will harm only their wallets. Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care; plenty will want the professionals to manage . Data can be pored over by those who are interested, while those who are not can opt to share data automatically with trusted providers. The benefits of new technologies often flow disproportionately to the rich. Those fears are mitigated by the incentives that employers, governments and insurers have to invest in cost-efficient preventive care for all. Alphabet has recently launched a firm called Cityblock Health, for example, which plans to trawl through patients’ data to provide better care for low-income city dwellers, many of them covered by Medicaid, an insurance programme for poorer Americans. pitfall: a danger or problem that is hidden or not obvious at first pore over: to read or study something very carefully trawl: to search through something in order to find someone or something 很多先进的技术都是益了富人，因此这需要纳税人，政府和保险公司一起想出保障到所有人的医疗制度 Google在这方面有做出了努力，成立了一各公司Cityblock Health，为低收入人群提供更好的医疗！（真心觉得googlers 是为了人类进步而发展的公司...) Other risks are harder to deal transparency may encourage the hale and hearty not to take out health insurance. They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover. Regulations can slow that process—by requiring insurers to ignore genetic data, for example—but not stop it. Security is another worry. The more patient data are analysed in the cloud or shared with different firms, the greater the potential threat of hacking or misuse. Almost a quarter of all data breaches in America happen in health care. Health firms should face stringent penalties if they are slapdash about security, but it is naive to expect that breaches will never happen. Will the benefits of making data more widely available outweigh such risks? The signs are that they will. Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records, but few have gone as far as Sweden. It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020; over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts. Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses, and that their treatment is more successful. Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs, as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries. That should be no surprise. No one has a greater interest in your health than you do. Trust in Doctor You. hale: healthy and strong, usually used in the phrase hale and hearty  一个坏处就是让那些身体情况良好的人不会再买保险，而让那些身体不好的人很难买到保险；还有分享的数据越多，就越有可能发生数据泄露和被黑客黑的可能 stringent: very strict or severe slapdash: quick and careless 那分享这些医疗数据到底是不是利大于弊还是弊大于利？种种迹象标明是 利大于弊的！ 总结：科技改变生活，本文是这期经济学人杂志的封面文章 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L Mean Sentence Length: Mean Log Word Frequency: Word Count: 1030 这篇文章的蓝思值是在1100-1200L， 适合英语专业大二的水平学习，是经济学人里比较简单的使用kindle断断续续地读《经济学人》三年，发现从一开始磕磕碰碰到现在比较顺畅地读完，进步很大，推荐购买！ 点击这里可以去亚马逊官网购买~

《经济学人》是一份由伦敦经济学人报纸有限公司出版的杂志，创办于1843年9月，创办人詹姆士·威尔逊。杂志的大多数文章写得机智，幽默，有力度，严肃又不失诙谐，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅内告诉读者最多的信息。该杂志又以发明巨无霸指数闻名，是社会精英必不可少的读物。该杂志英文电子版可通过移动App、网站或者有声版阅读每周完整内容。

杂志主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻，但是每期也有一两篇针对科技和艺术的报导，以及一些书评。杂志中所有文章都不署名，而且往往带有鲜明的立场，但又处处用事实说话。主编们认为：写出了什么东西，比出自谁的手笔更重要。从2012年1月28日的那一期杂志开始《经济学人》杂志开辟了中国专栏，为有关中国的文章提供更多的版面。2018年12月，世界品牌实验室发布《2018世界品牌500强》榜单，经济学人排名第381。

3D打印被用作《经济学人》杂志封面，主题为《看制造业新技术如何改变世界》，详细介绍了3D打印的历史和发展，可见人们对于3D打印成为一项可以改变世界的影响力日益关注。回顾2011年，3D打印市场并购整合成为主流，业内主流3D打印公司完成了大规模收购，建立未来3D打印全方位服务平台，以拓展更广的用户与合作伙伴群及联合研发更多适合市场推广的产品。 而3D打印的价值体现在想象力驰骋的各个领域，3D打印正让“天马行空”转变为“脚踏实地”的可能，人们利用3D打印为自己所在的领域贴上了个性化的标签。人们纷纷展示了如何3D打印马铃薯、巧克力、小镇模型，甚至扩展到用3D打印汽车和飞机。3D打印行业的发展犹如其定义本身，始终凸显着“创新突破”这一关键特质。 创新突破1：3D打印应用领域扩展延伸 3D打印的优势在2011年被充分应用于生物医药领域，利用3D打印进行生物组织直接打印的概念日益受到推崇。比较典型的包括Open3DP创新小组宣布3D打印在打印骨骼组织上的应用获得成功，利用3D打印技术制造人类骨骼组织的技术已经成熟；哈佛大学医学院的一个研究小组则成功研制了一款可以实现生物细胞打印的设备；另外，3D打印人体器官的尝试也正在研究中。【而在3D打印材料方面，Objet 公司相继推出新型生物相容性3D 打印材料以用于医疗和牙科解决方案。】 随着3D打印材料的多样化发展以及打印技术的革新，3D打印不仅在传统的制造行业体现出非凡的发展潜力，同时其魅力更延伸至食品制造、服装奢侈品、影视传媒以及教育等多个与人们生活息息相关的领域。 【以影视传媒为例，在2011年11月，由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格监制、休·杰克曼主演的动作励志影片《铁甲钢拳》，围绕未来世界的机器人拳击比赛，讲述了一个饱含梦想与亲情的励志故事，其中的父子情是影片大受欢迎的一大卖点。为了让片中的主角——机器人看起来更逼真，Legacy Effects特效公司使用Objet公司的3D打印机制作了1:5大小的模型。在完成建模、手绘、抛光和审核后，全尺寸的机器人“亚当”、“吵闹小子”和“奇袭”相继制作完成，高精度的3D打印制作呈现出了活灵活现的主角们。通过动作捕捉技术与实际大小仿真机器人模型的完美结合，则生动演绎了热血澎湃的机器人打斗画面，为影片加分不少。】 【除此之外，Legacy Effects公司还与Objet携手制作了好莱坞巨制《侏罗纪公园3》、《钢铁侠2》、《阿凡达》及动画片《鬼妈妈》中的各尺寸模型。】 创新突破2：3D打印速度、尺寸及技术日新月异 在速度突破上，2011年，个人使用3D打印机的速度已突破了送丝速度300mm每秒的极限，达到350mm每秒。在体积突破上，3D打印机体积为适合不同行业的需求，也呈现“轻盈”和“大尺寸”的多样化选择。目前已有多款适合办公室打印的小巧3D打印机，并在不断挑战“轻盈”极限，为未来进入家庭奠定基础。 在Vienna University of Technology的一个研究项目中，该团队设计了迄今为止世界上最小的3D打印设备，并且降低了打印设备的制造成本，也有望未来进驻家庭。 在“大尺寸”领域，在德国的3D打印公司发布了4000x2000x1000mm尺寸的3D打印机，该款大尺寸3D打印机使打印大尺寸部件一次成型成为可能。 3D打印技术日新月异，在2011年Lexus对外发布了新3D打印技术，该技术基于高科技循环编织技术，使用激光进行3D打印， 能够以编织的方式制作复杂的3D模型。 利用3D打印技术改善艺术及生活的例子屡见不鲜。例如荷兰时尚设计师Iris van Herpen 展示了它的服装设计作品，这些服装作品全部使用3D打印机一次成型。通过3D打印技术制造的服装，突破了传统服装剪裁的限制，帮助设计师完整地展现其灵感。而在Cornell大学的一个项目中，研究团队制造了一台3D打印机用于打印食物，展现了烹调的独特方式。其优势在于能够精确控制食物内部材料分布和结构，将原本需要经验和技术的精细烹调转换为电子屏幕前的简单设计。 创新突破3：设计平台革新 基于3D打印民用化普及的趋势，3D打印的设计平台正从专业设计软件向简单设计应用发展，其中比较成熟的平台有基于WEB的3D设计平台——3D Tin，另外，微软、谷歌以及其他软件行业巨头也相继推出了基于各种开放平台的3D打印应用，大大降低了3D设计的门槛，甚至有的应用已经可以让普通用户通过类似玩乐高积木的方式设计3D模型。