消费者满意度论文英文文献

问题一：求论文参考文献 自己筛查啊 看有没重复的 [1] 刘宝发, 邹照菊. 顾客满意度的判断与预测模型[J]. 科技管理研究 , 2005,(02) [2] 屠剑锋. 溅量顾客满意度的方法[J]. 决策与信息 , 2004,(06) [3] 王旭辉. 企业应高度重视顾客满意度[J]. 中国西部科技 , 2004,(04) [4] 李三红. 谈顾客满意度审核[J]. 化工管理 , 2005,(04) [5] 谭俊华. 对顾客满意及顾客满意度的探讨[J]. 企业家天地(理论版) , 2006,(11) [6] 王作成, 何晓群. 揭开顾客满意度的神秘面纱[J]. 市场研究 , 2004,(09) [7] 王国征. 商业CRM中的顾客满意度优化模型探讨[J]. 商业经济与管理 , 2005,(06) [8] Eugene , Claes Fornell , Donald , 刘金兰, 康键. 顾客满意度、市场份额与利润率的关系――来自瑞典的发现[J]. 管理学报 , 2005,(01) [9] 南剑飞, 熊志坚. 论顾客满意度评价体系的构建[J]. 世界标准化与质量管理 , 2002,(06) [10] 刘钢. 谈顾客满意度管理[J]. 中国城市金融 , 2003,(01) [1] 翁文先, 李兵. 对顾客满意与顾客忠诚的探讨[J]. 企业家天地(理论版) , 2006,(12) [2] 屠剑锋. 溅量顾客满意度的方法[J]. 决策与信息 , 2004,(06) [3] 刘宝发, 邹照菊. 顾客满意度的判断与预测模型[J]. 科技管理研究 , 2005,(02)[4] 王旭辉. 企业应高度重视顾客满意度[J]. 中国西部科技 , 2004,(04) [5] 余园明, 余伟萍, 谭娟. 顾客忠诚研究综述[J]. 技术与市场 , 2007,(07) [6] 谭俊华. 对顾客满意及顾客满意度的探讨[J]. 企业家天地(理论版) , 2006,(11) [7] 李三红. 谈顾客满意度审核[J]. 化工管理 , 2005,(04) [8] 黄灿灿. 顾客的满意度与顾客忠诚度辨析[J]. 北方经贸 , 2006,(04) [9] 李凤山, 苏胜强. 顾客满意的“双因素”理论及其在营销中的应用[J]. 广东广播电视大学学报 , 2006,(01) [10] 苏胜强, 谷永春. “双因素”理论在顾客满意中的应用[J]. 商业研究 , 2006,(22) 共检索到 10 条读者推荐文章 [1] 张新安,田澎,张列平. 顾客满意度测评模型[J]. 系统工程理论方法应用 , 2002,(03) . [2] 刘宇. 顾客满意度测评方法的研究[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究 , 2001,(02) . [3] 刘宇. 顾客满意度(指数)测评基础技术的研究[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究 , 2002,(05) . [4] 刘满凤,黎志成. 顾客满意度的测评[J]. 统计与决策 , 2002,(07) . [5] 黄桐城,武邦涛,姚晔. 顾客满意度多层次模糊测评模型及其应用[J]. 系统工程理论方法应用 , 2002,(04) . [6] 刘新燕,刘雁妮,杨智,万后芬. 顾客满意度指数(CSI)模型述评[J]. 当代财经 , 2003,(06) . [7] 林元雄. 顾客满意度测评体系初探[J]. 商业经济与管理 , 2002,(07) . [8] 吴晓明,赵梅芳,蒋登峰,沈邦兴. 顾客满意度测评指标的量化[J]. 航空标准......>> 问题二：客户管理的参考文献 1] 舒华英, 齐佳音. 客户关系稳定期:与客户保持生生不息的长期互动[J]. 通信世界 , 2004,(24) [2] 张贵华. 剖析企业客户关系管理的十大误区[J]. 湖南商学院学报 , 2005,(02) [3] 钱自芳. 试论销售企业客户满意度管理[J]. 国际市场 , 2007,(03) [4] 王贤平, 刘友华. 数据挖掘在企业客户行为分析中的应用[J]. 情报杂志 , 2004,(05) [5] Timothy , Tiffany Perkins-Munn, Lerzan Aksoy, Demitry Estrin, 李海岚. 提高客户满意度是否会增加企业盈利[J]. 市场研究 , 2006,(06) [6] 陈明亮, 袁泽沛, 李怀祖. 客户保持动态模型的研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(社会科学版) , 2001,(06) [7] CRM将客户关系带入一个全新的领域[J]. 现代制造 , 2001,(06) [8] 魏仁干. 精益思想在客户管理中的应用[J]. 中国市场 , 2006,(36) [9] 黄鹤泉. 企业客户关系管理[J]. 煤矿现代化 , 2001,(03) [10] 唐震坤. 客户满意与忠诚[J]. 当代经理人(下旬刊) , 2006,(11) 1] 梁佳聚, 明培珍. 规范客户管理 实现产销双赢[J]. 国际石油经济 , 2004,(08) [2] 万新服务体系之客户管理[J]. 中国眼镜科技杂志 , 2005,(09) [3] 洪晓成. 客户管理的知与行[J]. 中国邮政 , 2006,(06) [4] 程凤谷. 加强客户管理是搞活经营的突破口[J]. 农村金融研究 , 1998,(10) [5] 李群英 , 陈土法. 加强商业银行客户管理的举措与提高[J]. 浙江金融 , 2002,(11) [6] 唐波. 配送环节的客户管理[J]. 商业时代 , 2005,(16) [7] 黄辉 , 朱山涛. 客户关系管理实施六步曲[J]. 知识经济 , 2001,(07) [8] 中国工商银行推出新的企业法人客户评价办法[J]. 中国城市金融 , 2001,(04) [9] 朱强, 崔凤芳. 论国有商业银行的客户管理[J]. 现代金融 , 2004,(06) [10] 刘瑞霞. 《中国工商银行企业法人客户评价办法》特点介绍[J]. 中国城市金融 , 2001,(04) 问题三：急急如律令！！求写毕业论文客户满意度分析方面的参考文献！！要近几年的 专著 谢谢各位大神~~ 通过客户满意度管理提高客户忠诚度的战略分析 [摘要] 企业因为进入三个误区，而把客户满意度与客户忠诚度简单地等同起来。而实际观察的结果是，只有客户达到完全满意，才能保证客户忠诚度的稳定。本文通过分析三个误区的特点，以及深入分析客户满意度在不同竞争环境中的作用，对如何通过客户满意度管理来提高客户忠诚度的战略进行了剖析。 [关键词] 误区 客户满意度 客户忠诚度 一、客户满意度与客户忠诚度关系的三个误区 通常情况下，管理层把顾客满意度与客户忠诚度等同起来，认为满意的顾客自然会忠诚于品牌或者公司。于是，公司关注于改善现有顾客满意程度的提高，但是，又往往在看到顾客满意度调查结果中大部分顾客是“基本满意”后，觉得顾客忠诚度也达到令人满意的程度了，于是提高顾客满意度的努力就戛然而止。这种现象是由以下几个认识上的误区造成的： 误区一：管理层通常认为只要顾客对产品和服务没有抱怨，基本上满意，那么客户忠诚度自然也有保证。 客户满意度与客户忠诚度之间并不必然相关，而且相关性也并不是简单的正相关关系。满意度能够代表顾客对以往消费的信心和认可，但是，不能保证顾客不会选择其他公司的产品。顾客满意度只是顾客忠诚度的基础，但并不是充分条件。在银行信用卡市场上，大部分银行的产品和服务具有高度类似性。客户对于信用卡产品和服务的满意程度更多的取决于那个银行的服务更加体贴。对信用卡只表示基本满意的顾客是不会成为忠实的用户的。 误区二：提高客户满意度的管理投入随着客户满意度的提高而上升，因此，追求客户完全满意的境界会让企业失去提高利润上的灵活性。 客户满意度是企业努力进行关系管理的结果。为了降低失误、提高产品和服务的质量，企业需要投入大量资源进行管理。但是，究竟客户满意度要达到什么程度能够使企业实现最有效的资源利用。增加投入会提高顾客满意的范围和深度；追求让顾客完全满意，尽管会给企业带来压力，但是，回报也是巨大的，不但不会降低企业的灵活性，反而会保证企业基业常青。 误区三：客户忠诚度到了一定的程度，无论满意度如何提高，也不会有所增加。 顾客忠诚度是极其敏感的变量，任何改变都会影响忠诚度的系数。满意度不断提高，将会保证客户忠诚度的稳定性，同时也是有效的防御性竞争战略。例如餐饮业，刚开张的酒楼饭店靠招牌菜闯出了名气后，许多顾客就会预测，这家站稳脚跟的酒店接下来饭菜质量和服务都会下降，要么菜量减少，要么味道变差。结果便是回头客减少。顾客忠诚度是一种非常脆弱的态度，任何因素都会成为负面诱因。因此，只有满意度不断替高，才能保证顾客忠诚度的稳定。 走出以上三个误区，就可以清晰地看到：一般的客户满意度并不能保证客户忠诚度的稳定和提高，但是，客户忠诚度的提高必须要有客户满意度不断提高为基础。 二、满意度的四种表现 满意度对提高顾客忠诚度的作用在四个层次上有不同的表现: 当顾客满意度是“不满意”时，顾客忠诚度为负值。顾客不仅不会选择令他们感到过不愉快和不满意的产品服务，还会影响周围其他人放弃该产品或服务。 造成顾客满意度如此之低的原因是顾客曾经经历过不愉快的产品服务消费过程，而矛盾产生之后，提供商没有任何的关系修复措施。例如，在旅游景区人们的经验就是那里的食宿服务质量肯定是不如非景区的。而大部分顾客如果遇到不愉快的经历，也都因为是游客身份而不予追究。景区的经营者也就因此认为不需要提高服务质量，不需要采取关系修补措施。对于个别经营者来说，也许这样做并不会影响自身的经营，但是，整个景区会逐渐被这种故意行为所拖累，恶名远扬，最终，所有的经营户都......>> 问题四：求论文员工满意度的参考文献 参考文献： [1] 肖明超.零点&前进新主张M].浙江教育出版社，2006：236-249。 [2] 刘德寰.市场研究与应用[J]. 北京大学出版社， [3]张鹤 .精神薪酬：提升员工满意度的管理策略[J].机械工业出版社，2005-02-01 。 [4] 冉斌.员工满意度测量手册[J].海天出版社，2002-02-01。 [5] 龙文元编著。以人为本。机械工业出版社，2004 [6]〔美〕马克斯・迈斯玛著刘国平齐艳华卓维维卓小芬杜芳金慧莉吴小 婷译。激励员工。企业管理出版社， 问题五：求一篇“如何提高顾客满意度”的论文 论文写作，先不说内容，首先格式要正确，一篇完整的论文，题目，摘要（中英文），目录，正文（引言，正文，结语），致谢，参考文献。规定的格式，字体，段落，页眉页脚，开始写之前，都得清楚的，你的论文算是写好了五分之一。 然后，选题，你的题目时间宽裕，那就好好考虑，选一个你思考最成熟的，可以比较多的阅读相关的参考文献，从里面获得思路，确定一个模板性质的东西，照着来，写出自己的东西。如果时间紧急，那就随便找一个参考文献，然后用和这个参考文献相关的文献，拼出一篇，再改改。 正文，语言必须是学术的语言。一定先列好提纲，这就是框定每一部分些什么，保证内容不乱，将内容放进去，写好了就。 参考文献去中国知网搜索，校园网免费下载。 不懂可追问 合适请采纳 给你一份，更详细回答见下方的附件，手机可能看不到，得电脑上网看 供参考，免财富值下载 问题六：人民幸福指数论文的参考文献怎么写 所谓幸福指数，就是衡量民众这种感受具体程度的主观指标数。幸福指数是对人们通常所说的幸福感的量化，是人们根据一定价值标准对自身生活状态所作的满意度方面的评价。幸福指数作为评价社会发展的一个重要指标，不仅体现了人民群众对社会发展的满意度，而且越来越成为各级 *** 决策的重要依据。它表现为在生活满意度基础上产生的一种积极心理体验。而幸福感指数，就是衡量这种感受具体程度的主观指标数值。“幸福感指数”的概念起源于30多年前，最早是由不丹国王提出并付诸实践的。20多年来，在人均GDP仅为700多美元的南亚小国不丹，国民总体生活得较幸福。“不丹模式”引起了世界的关注。 幸福指数近年来，美国、英国、荷兰、日本等发达国家都开始了幸福指数的研究，并创设了不同模式的幸福指数。 如果说GDP、GNP是衡量国富、民富的标准，那么，百姓幸福指数就可以成为一个衡量百姓幸福感的标准。百姓幸福指数与GDP一样重要，一方面，它可以监控经济社会运行态势；另一方面，它可以了解民众的生活满意度。可以说，作为最重要的非经济因素，它是社会运行状况和民众生活状态的“晴雨表”，也是社会发展和民心向背的“风向标”。 人们也普遍认为：幸福指数，是体现老百姓幸福感的“无须调查统计的”反应：是挂在人民群众脸上“指数”。 问题七：求论文员工满意度的参考文献 [1] 吴娴, 窦正斌. 以企业文化提高员工满足感和忠诚度[ J] . 法制与社会, 2009( 8) : 260- 261. [ 2]朱爱武，徐浩锋．中小型民营科技企业员工满意度研究―――基于宁波星箭航空航天机械厂的实证分析［J］．宁波大学学报（理工版），2008，（12:）：571. [3]党建锋.科学引导“员工满意度”[ J].纵横评说，2013，（2） [4]卢嘉,时堪.工作满意度的评价结构和方法[J].人力资源管理与开发,2001(1):16-20. [5]李文东.工作满意度、情度承诺和工作投入对工作技能评价结果的影响[J].心理学报,2007(1). [6]李晓华.《提高员工满意度的路径选择》.山东省农业管理干部学院学报，2006（4） [7]孙卫敏.组织行为学.山东人民出版社，2006 年2月第2版. [8]刘昕.薪酬管理.中国人民大学出版社，2007 年1 月第2 版 [9]陈畅.认识员工满意度[J].中国人力资源开发.1999(10):132 [10]冉斌.员工满意度测量手册[M].深圳：海天出版社.2002 [11] 肖明超.零点&前进新主张M].浙江教育出版社，2006：236-249。 [12] 刘德寰.市场研究与应用[J]. 北京大学出版社， [13]张鹤 .精神薪酬：提升员工满意度的管理策略[J].机械工业出版社，2005-02-01。 [14] 冉斌.员工满意度测量手册[J].海天出版社，2002-02-01。 [15] 龙文元编著。以人为本。机械工业出版社，2004 [16]〔美〕马克斯・迈斯玛著刘国平齐艳华卓维维卓小芬杜芳金慧莉吴小婷译。激励员工。企业管理出版社， 问题八：关于物流服务的参考文献 以上是个人给你提供的参考文献： 1.李万秋.物流中心运作与管理.北京：清华大学出版社，2003 2.赵林度.供应链与物流管理.北京：机械工业出版社，2003 3.王方华.营销管理.北京：机械工业出版社，2002 4.苗敬毅.SWOT分析在顾客满意度研究中的运用，山西统计[J]，2003 希望能帮得上你的忙! 问题九：现写论文开题报告，急需国外研究文献做参考文献关于员工满意度与工作绩效关系方面的书籍期刊都行，只需作 [1] Kahn,W. be fully there:psychological presence at work. Human Relations . 1992 [2] Pinde C, motivation in organizational behavior. Journal of Women s Health . 1998 [3] May D R,Cilson R L,Harter L psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology . 2004 [4] Demerouti E,Bakker AB,Nachreiner F,et job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology . 2001 [5] Hoppock satisfaction. . 1935 [6] Herzberg F,Mausner B,Snyderman Motivation to Work. . 1959 [7] Judge TA,Thoresen C J,Bono JE,Parron job satisfaction-job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin . 2001 [8] Locke E nature and causes of job satisfaction. The Handbook of Industrial And Organizational Psychology . 1976 [9] Lodahl TM,Kejner definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology . 1965 [10] Britt T W,Adler A benefits from stressful events:The role of engagement in meaningful work and hardiness. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology . 2001 问题十：大学生网上购物满意度研究的文献综述怎么写 你的文献综述具体准备往哪个方向写，题目老师同意了没，具体有要求要求，需要多少字呢？ 你可以告诉我具体的排版格式要求，文献综述想写好，先要在图书馆找好相关资料，确定好题目与写作方向。老师同意后在下笔，还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利。 如何做文献综述 首先需要将“文献综述（ Literature Review) ”与“背景描述 (Background Description) ”区分开来。我们在选择研究问题的时候，需要了解该问题产生的背景和来龙去脉，如“中国半导体产业的发展历程”、“国外 *** 发展半导体产业的政策和问题”等等，这些内容属于“背景描述”，关注的是现实层面的问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”。“文献综述”是对学术观点和理论方法的整理。其次，文献综述是评论性的（ Review 就是“评论”的意思），因此要带着作者本人批判的眼光 (critical thinking) 来归纳和评论文献，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌”。评论的主线，要按照问题展开，也就是说，别的学者是如何看待和解决你提出的问题的，他们的方法和理论是否有什么缺陷？要是别的学者已经很完美地解决了你提出的问题，那就没有重复研究的必要了。 清楚了文献综述的意涵，现在说说怎么做文献综述。虽说，尽可能广泛地收集资料是负责任的研究态度，但如果缺乏标准，就极易将人引入文献的泥沼。 技巧一：瞄准主流。主流文献，如该领域的核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告、重要化合物的观点和论述等，是做文献综述的“必修课”。而多数大众媒体上的相关报道或言论，虽然多少有点价值，但时间精力所限，可以从简。怎样摸清该领域的主流呢？建议从以下几条途径入手：一是图书馆的中外学术期刊，找到一两篇“经典”的文章后“顺藤摸瓜”，留意它们的参考文献。质量较高的学术文章，通常是不会忽略该领域的主流、经典文献的。二是利用学校图书馆的“中国期刊网”、“外文期刊数据库检索”和外文过刊阅览室，能够查到一些较为早期的经典文献。三是国家图书馆，有些上世纪七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科图书，学校图书馆往往没有收藏，但是国图却是一本不少（国内出版的所有图书都要送缴国家图书馆），不仅如此，国图还收藏了很多研究中国政治和 *** 的外文书籍，从互联网上可以轻松查询到。 技巧二：随时整理，如对文献进行分类，记录文献信息和藏书地点。做博士论文的时间很长，有的文献看过了当时不一定有用，事后想起来却找不着了，所以有时记录是很有必要的。罗仆人就积累有一份研究中国政策过程的书单，还特别记录了图书分类号码和藏书地点。同时，对于特别重要的文献，不妨做一个读书笔记，摘录其中的重要观点和论述。这样一步一个脚印，到真正开始写论文时就积累了大量“干货”，可以随时享用。 技巧三：要按照问题来组织文献综述。看过一些文献以后，我们有很强烈的愿望要把自己看到的东西都陈述出来，像“竹筒倒豆子”一样，洋洋洒洒，蔚为壮观。仿佛一定要向读者证明自己劳苦功高。我写过十多万字的文献综述，后来发觉真正有意义的不过数千字。文献综述就像是在文献的丛林中开辟道路，这条道路本来就是要指向我们所要解决的问题，当然是直线距离最短、最省事，但是一路上风景颇多，迷恋风景的人便往往绕行于迤逦的丛林中，反面“乱花渐欲迷人眼”，“曲径通幽”不知所终了。因此，在做文献综述时，头脑时刻要清醒：我要解决什么问题，人家是怎么解决问题的，说的有没有道理，就行了。 你的午间新闻方面方面文献综述具体准备往哪个方向写，题目老师同意了没，具体有要求要求，需要多少......>>

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服务营销 Service Marketing服务质量管理 service quality management relationship management (CRM) is a multifaceted process, mediated by a set of information technologies, that focuses on creating two-way exchanges with customers so that firms have an intimate knowledge of their needs, wants, and buying patterns. In this way, CRM helps companies understand, as well as anticipate, the needs of current and potential customers.[1] Functions that support this business purpose include sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Many CRM initiatives have failed because implementation was limited to software installation without alignment to a customer-centric are many aspects of CRM which were mistakenly thought to be capable of being implemented in isolation from each other. [3]From the outside of the organization, a customer experiences the business as one entity operating over extended periods of time. Thus piecemeal CRM implementation can come across to the customer as unsynchronized where employees and web sites and services are acting independently of one another, yet together represent a common is the philosophy, policy and coordinating strategy connecting different players within an organization so as to coordinate their efforts in creating an overall valuable series of experiences, products and services for the different players within the organization are in identifiable groups:Customer Facing Operations - The people and the technology support of processes that affect a customer's experience at the frontline interface between the customer and the organization. This can include face to face, phone, IM, chat, email, web and combinations of all media. Self-service kiosk and web self-service are doing the job of vocals and they belong here. Internal Collaborative Functional Operations - The people and technology support of processes at the policy and back office which ultimately affect the activities of the Customer Facing Operations concerning the building and maintaining of customer relationships. This can include IT, billing, invoicing, maintenance, planning, marketing, advertising, finance, services planning and manufacturing. External Collaboration functions - The people and technology support of processes supporting an organization and its cultivation of customer relationships that are affected by the organization's own relationship with suppliers/vendors and retail outlets/distributors. Some would also include industry cooperative networks, . lobbying groups, trade associations. This is the external network foundation which supports the internal Operations and Customer facing Operations. Customer Advocates and Experience Designers - Creative designers of customer experience that meet customer relationship goals of delivering value to the customer and profit to the organization (or desired outcomes and achievement of goals for non-profit and government organizations) Performance Managers and Marketing Analysts - Designers of Key Performance Indicators and collectors of metrics and data so as to execute/implement marketing campaigns, call campaigns, Web strategy and keep the customer relationship activities on track. This would be the milestones and data that allow activities to be coordinated, that determine if the CRM strategy is working in delivering ultimate outcomes of CRM activities: market share, numbers and types of customers, revenue, profitability, intellectual property concerning customers preferences. Customer and Employee Surveyors and Analysts - Customer Relationships are both fact driven and impression driven - the quality of an interaction is as important as the information and outcome achieved, in determining whether the relationship is growing or shrinking in value to the participants. [edit] Technology considerationsThe basic building blocks:A database for customer lifecycle (time series) information about each customer and prospect and their interactions with the organization, including order information, support information, requests, complaints, interviews and survey Intelligence - Translating customer needs and profitability projection into game plans for different segments or groups of customers, captured by customer interactions (Human, automated or combinations of both) into software that tracks whether that game plan is followed or not, and whether the desired outcomes are Modeling Customer Relationship Strategy, Goals and outcomes: Numbers and description of whether goals were met and models of customer segments and game plans worked as and Competency Management Systems - Customer Capacity and Competency Development - Training and improving processes and technology that enable the organization to get closer to achieving the desired results. Complex systems require practice in order to achieve desired outcomes, especially when humans and technology are interacting. Iteration is the key to refining, improving and innovating to stay ahead of the competition in Customer Relationship Management. (Successful tools, technology and practices will be copied by the competition as soon as they are proven successful.)The building blocks can be implemented over time separately, but eventually need to be dynamically coordinated. The ongoing alignment of the basic building blocks distinguishes an elegant seamless CRM implementation which successfully builds mutually valuable relationships.[edit] Types/Variations of CRMThere are several different approaches to CRM, and at present there is no one software package that allows all of these approaches to be applied. When companies consider implementing a CRM strategy, they usually talk about either Campaign Management or Sales Force Automation. Although CRM is much more than either of those parts, software packages are usually based around one or the other idea (with SFA being the most popular).Operational CRMOperational CRM provides support to "front office" business processes, including sales, marketing and service. Each interaction with a customer is generally added to a customer's contact history, and staff can retrieve information on customers from the database when of the main benefits of this contact history is that customers can interact with different people or different contact channels in a company over time without having to describe the history of their interaction each , many call centers use some kind of CRM software to support their call center CRM processes customer data for a variety of purposes:Managing Campaigns Enterprise Marketing Automation Sales Force Automation Sales Force Automation (SFA)Sales Force Automation is a type of Operational CRM that is designed to automate sales-force-related activities, such as lead tracking. Software products perform such tasks as:Keeping lists of leads Assigning list segments to salespeople Allowing list contacts to be called or e-mailed Tracking responses Generating reports Analytical CRMAnalytical CRM analyzes customer data for a variety of purposes:Design and execution of targeted marketing campaigns to optimize marketing effectiveness Design and execution of specific customer campaigns, including customer acquisition, cross-selling, up-selling, retention Analysis of customer behavior to aid product and service decision making (. pricing, new product development etc.) Management decisions, . financial forecasting and customer profitability analysis Prediction of the probability of customer defection (churn analysis) Analytical CRM generally makes heavy use of data Intelligence CRMSales Intelligence CRM is very similar to Analytical CRM, but it is intended as a more direct sales tool. Features include the delivery of "alerts" to sales people based on analysis of such factors as:Cross-sell/Up-sell/Switch-sell opportunities. Customer Drift. Sales performance, good and bad. Customer trends Customer margins Campaign ManagementCampaign management software is marketing-oriented CRM software that combines elements of Operational and Analytical CRM and allows campaigns to be run on an existing client base. Campaign Management is used when you need to create personalized offers when it is prohibitively expensive to personally contact each client. Campaign management software functions include:Choosing campaign recipients from the client base according to selected criteria Development of a campaign offer (this is often done "out-of-the-system" and is not automated) Assigning specific campaign offers to selected recipients Automatically sending offers to the selected clients via selected channels (either directly, via channels such as e-mail, or indirectly, by creating lists for use in channels such as direct mail) Gathering, storing, and analyzing campaign results (including tracking responses and analyzing propensities) Collaborative CRMThe function of the Customer Interaction System or Collaborative Customer Relationship Management is to coordinate the multi-channel service and support given to the customer by providing the infrastructure for responsive and effective support to customer issues, questions, complaints, CRM aims to get various departments within a business, such as sales, technical support and marketing, to share the useful information that they collect from interactions with customers. Feedback from a technical support center, for example, could be used to inform marketing staffers about specific services and features requested by customers. Collaborative CRM's ultimate goal is to use information collected from all departments to improve the quality of customer service.[4]Geographic CRMGeographic CRM (GCRM) is a customer relation management information system which collaborates geographic information system and traditional combines data collected from route of movement, types of residence, ambient trading areas and other customer and marketing information which are matched with relevant road conditions, building formations, and a floating population. Such data are conformed with a map and is regionally analyzed with OLAP(On-Line Analytical Processing) for visualization. This enables a company to examine potential customers and manage existing customers in the commercial CRM software packages are available which vary in their approach to CRM. However, as mentioned above, CRM is not just a technology but rather a comprehensive customer-centric approach to an organization's philosophy in dealing with its customers. This includes policies and processes, front-of-house customer service, employee training, marketing, systems and information management. Hence, it is important that any CRM implementation considerations stretch beyond technology, towards the broader organizational objectives of a CRM strategy must consider a company’s specific situation and its customers' needs and expectations. Information gained through CRM initiatives can support the development of marketing strategy by developing the organization's knowledge in areas such as identifying customer segments, improving customer retention, improving product offerings (by better understanding customer needs), and by identifying the organization's most profitable customers.[5]CRM strategies can vary in size, complexity and scope. Some companies consider a CRM strategy to only focus on the management of a team of salespeople. However, other CRM strategies can cover customer interaction across the entire organization. Many commercial CRM software packages that are available provide features that serve sales, marketing, event management, project management and there are numerous reports of "failed" implementations of various types of CRM projects,[6] these are often the result of unrealistic high expectations and exaggerated claims by CRM of these "failures" are also related to data quality and availability. Data cleaning is a major issue. If the company CRM strategy is to track life-cycle revenues, costs, margins and interactions between individual customers, this must be reflected in all business processes. Data must be extracted from multiple sources (., departmental/divisional databases, including sales, manufacturing, supply chain, logistics, finance, service, etc.), requiring an integrated, comprehensive business processing system to be in place with defined structures and data quality. If not, interfaces must be developed and implemented to extract data from different systems. This creates a demand far beyond customer satisfaction to understand the full business-to-business relationship. For this reason, CRM is more than a sales or customer interaction experience from many companies[who?] is that a clear CRM requirement with regard to reports (., input and output requirements) is of vital importance before starting any implementation.[citation needed] With a proper demand specification, a great deal of time and money can be saved based on realistic expectations of systems capability.[citation needed] A well operating CRM system can be an extremely powerful tool for management and customer and data securityOne of the primary functions of CRM software is to collect information about customers. When gathering data as part of a CRM solution, a company must consider customer privacy and data security with respect to legal and cultural environments. Some customers prefer assurance that their data is not shared with third parties without their consent and that it cannot be illicitly accessed by third parties.

customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction is the customer-to-business and enterprise product / service satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, the enterprise is a state of feeling, and feelings in such a state more likely to arouse trading activities. A commonly used statistical results are: a satisfied customer, six times in a dissatisfied customers more willing to continue to buy that product or service enterprises. In an increasingly competitive, customer-oriented market environment, more and more companies began chasing the upgrading of customer satisfaction. However, many companies chasing the results were not satisfactory. We found that business if it is only the pursuit of customer satisfaction and often can not solve the ultimate problem, because very often, enterprises improve customer satisfaction, does not mean that corporate profits immediately improved. Only contributions to the company "profit" is a direct customer value customers. Moreover, the value of the profits of enterprises also contribute to the high and low points. Therefore, enterprises should operate on the scarce resources to optimize the allocation and concentrate on high-value enhancing customer satisfaction at the same time, we should also look at potential high-value customers, gradual increase their satisfaction. From all customer satisfaction, to the value of customer satisfaction, to the high-value customer satisfaction, the final key to the high-value customer satisfaction factors, it is enterprises to enhance the "customer satisfaction value in return," "process." Customer loyalty Customer loyalty from the concept of customer satisfaction leads to the concept of customer satisfaction is the result of a product brand or company's trust, and hope to maintain a repeat of psychological tendency. Customer loyalty is actually a continuity of customer behavior, customer loyalty, customer loyalty is the corporate level. Customer loyalty for the two forms of performance, is a corporate customer loyalty in the wishes of a customer loyalty is in the behaviour of enterprises. And general enterprises tend to be confused with two forms of this fact, a fundamental difference between the two, the former is not for the businesses themselves have a direct value of the enterprises while the latter is very valuable; The reason is very simple Customers only wishes, but no action, for enterprises of no significance. Enterprises should do is, first, to promote customers from "will" to "act" conversion; Second, through cross-selling and additional marketing to further enhance customer and business transactions frequency. Customer satisfaction does not mean that customer loyalty, customer satisfaction is a kind of psychological satisfaction, in consumption is revealed by the attitude of, but customer loyalty is a continuous transactions, is to promote the occurrence of repeat customers. Measuring customer loyalty is the key indicators of customers (CustomerRetention), which describes enterprises and maintaining customer relationships length of time; customers share (CustomerShare), namely, the budget will be spent on the company's ratio. Data show that only the customer satisfaction is not enough. When a better product suppliers, large customers may change suppliers. Satisfaction is measured by customer expectations and feelings, and customer loyalty reflect the purchase of future actions and purchase commitments. Customer satisfaction surveys customer purchase experience of the past views and ideas, can only reflect the past and not the future acts as a reliable forecast. Loyalty survey can predict what products customers want most, and when to buy, how many of these could have purchased sales. Customer satisfaction and their actual purchase behavior is not necessarily directly linked, satisfied customers may not be able to guarantee that they will always be faithful enterprises, a repeat purchase behavior. In a "worthless customer satisfaction, customer loyalty Extreme priceless" (Cus tomer Satis faction Is Worthles s, Cus tomer Loyalty Is Priceles s) of the "customer loyalty" of the best-selling book, the author debate: "Customers satisfied with the worthless, because satisfied customers still buy the products of other enterprises. process of the transaction are satisfied with every aspect of the customer will be better because of the price of a replacement suppliers, customers and sometimes even though your products and satisfied with the service is not absolute, you have been able to lock the customer. " For example, many users of Microsoft products such as the views and dissatisfaction, but if you change the use of other great products to pay the costs, they will always adhere to the use of Microsoft products. A recent survey found that about 25 per cent of mobile phone users to keep their phone numbers, the current contract would tolerate imperfect service providers and not to sign other telecommunications providers, but if one day they turn around at the same time be able to retain the original number, I believe that they will act immediately. Loyalty must have access to a minimum level of customer satisfaction, in this horizon satisfaction, loyalty will be significantly decreased. However, customer satisfaction is not an important condition for customer loyalty! Ooh, sometimes The truth is harder than the pain inside, yeah Ooh, sometimes It's the broken heart that decides At night BUT on Monday nights