甘蔗的研究进展论文

甘蔗的起源有三说，一是起源于印度，二是起源于南太平洋新几内亚，三是起源于中国。中国是世界上古老的植蔗国之一。甘蔗栽培具有悠久的历史，早在公元前四世纪，我国就有种植甘蔗的历史记载，至唐朝大历年间已有制冰糖的记载。近年来，许多研究表明，甘蔗有几个起源中心，而中国则是其中之一。甘蔗是一年生宿根热带和亚热带草本植物，属C4作物。秆直立，粗壮多汁，表面常披白粉，叶为互生，边缘具小锐齿，花穗为复总状花序。甘蔗为喜温、喜光作物，年积温需5500～8500℃，无霜期330d以上，年均空气湿度60%，年降水量要求800～1200mm，日照时数在1195小时以上。甘蔗对土壤的适应性比较广泛，以粘壤土、壤土、砂壤土较好。土壤pH值在4.5～8.0,甘蔗都能生长，但以土壤pH值6.5～7.5为适宜

我国开展甘蔗转基因研究已有10余年，研究领域涉及甘蔗的抗病、抗虫、抗旱、品质、蔗糖代谢等方面的改良。我国甘蔗转基因研究主要采用基因枪法和农杆菌介导法两种方法，转化的受体主要以愈伤组织为主。目前，福建农林大学等单位已获得了一批抗花叶病、抗虫、抗除草剂、抗旱转化的株系，部分转基因甘蔗获农业部批准，分别进入中间试验、环境释放试验和生产试验安全评价阶段，其抗逆性、产量和含糖量有显著改良。

Guangxi sugar industry is an important economic pillar industries. Importance of the sugar cane industry research, development and promotion, to accelerate economic development in Guangxi is very important. Sugarcane is a perennial and annual herbaceous plants, the quality of ratoon sugarcane growth, a direct impact on the development of sugar industry. Strengthen the management of ratoon cane, sugar cane from the root to reduce production costs and improve efficiency of China's sugar cane industry to develop healthily, to improve the competitiveness of our guarantee. Ratoon cane in the field management measures, water management is the most common is also one of the most effective measure. Proper water management, will have a direct impact on ratoon cane yield and quality, thus affecting the level of benefits to sugar cane. In accordance with botany principle, the role of water in the sugar cane when coupled with the obvious effect of water is to play a key fertilizer, manure is open land and water systems of the key production performance. The test greenhouse smart cane for the research and production base, through a variety of water and fertilizer processing, artificial control of the growth process of sugar water and nutrient requirements. Through the combination of all to deal with the results of the investigation, comparison and analysis, to explore different combinations of water and fertilizer on sugarcane agronomic and economic characters, the interaction of water and fertilizer application in sugar cane and reasonable application of the program to develop and provide a theoretical basis.