茶馆英译论文开题报告

开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures. 二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向) Research Status: Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance.. Research Tendency: 21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality. 三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标) Research Contents: A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified Black Is Associated With Profit Black Is Associated With the Black People 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Black Is Associated With the Death Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful Black Is Associated With Anger B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty 2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms White Is Associated With Death and Poor White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms 1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red Is Associated With Honor and Love 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Red is Associated with the Obscenity Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism. Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Noble Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing 2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease Research Objectives: I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture. 四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点) With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related. 五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点) The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords. 六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排) 1. - , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing 2. - , 2008 Data gathering 3. - , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline 4. - , 2009 Literature review 5. - , 2009 First draft 6. - , 2009 Second draft 7. - , 2009 Final version 8. - May 14th, 2009 Printing 9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate 七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料) [1] Baugh, . & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [2] Eckersley, . Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979. [3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985. [4] Hornby, . Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974. [5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. .: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997. [6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. .: Edward Arnold, 1989. [7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981. [8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. [9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. [10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007. [11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7). [12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002. [13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991. [14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3). [15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2). 指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见) 指导教师年月日系(教研室)审查意见: 系(教研室)主任: 年月日

英语翻译论文直接找北京译顶科技就行了啊，省时省力，对接也方便。

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

老舍的茶馆论文开题报告

摘要：人们的物质生活往往是和文化生活紧密结合在一起的，随着时代的发展，人们的物质生活水平越来越高，人们更加重视文化生活。茶馆由于其自身独有的功能和文化性得到了消费者的青睐，因此，得到了快速的发展。茶馆的空间设计作为茶馆的重要组成部分，更应体现文化性，但现有的茶馆装修却逐渐大众化。本文中，笔者以此为着力点，探究地域文化在茶馆空间设计中的传承与体现。

关键词：地域文化；茶馆；空间设计；传承

人们物质生活越来越高的同时也更加追求文化生活。茶文化的发展与经济水平的提高是分不开的。而茶馆作为茶文化的重要组成部分，已经在中国乃至世界的各个角落落地生根。闲暇时亦或是社交时与三五好友，同事客户一同去茶馆坐上一段时间，共品一杯香茗已经成为了许多人的生活方式。但是目前的茶馆仍然存在着一些问题，茶馆是一个文化场所，理应体现深刻的文化内涵。但有一些茶馆片面追求开发，对其文化并不重视。而将地域文化融于茶馆的空间设计中，就是一种很好的文化性体现。

1茶馆的概念和历史

茶馆是爱茶者的乐园，同时是人们休息、消遣和交际的场所，历史十分悠久，也是茶文化的重要组成部分。中国的茶馆具有悠久的历史，根据史学家考证，唐朝时期已有了茶馆。自古以来，品茗场所有多种称谓，茶馆这个称呼在长江流域流传较广。两广地区人们多称其为茶楼，京津地区则多称为茶亭，除此之外，还有茶肆、茶坊、茶寮、茶社、茶室等称谓。不过茶馆与茶摊相比，有经营大小之分和饮茶方式的不同。茶馆设有固定的场所，经营成本较高，除了提高茶品外，一般还会有各种小吃等。人们可以在这里进行品茶、休闲，社交，交谈等活动。茶摊则没有固定的场所，是季节性的、流动式的，主要是为过往行人解渴提供方便，在文化性上体现不强。中国的茶馆主要分为四种流派，即川派、粤派、京派、杭派。茶馆具有悠久的历史，根据中国古典典籍记载，最早的茶馆出现在唐朝开元年间（713年-741年），称为茗铺。茶馆作为中国历史上重要的文化场所，有许多文学作品以茶馆为背景反映社会现实，其中最著名的就是著名作家老舍的《茶馆》。

2中国茶馆的现状

所谓开门七件事：柴米油盐酱醋茶。茶经过了上千年的历史，在一定程度上已经成为了人们生活的必需品。中华民族对于茶有着独特的情感，由此形成的茶文化是中华文化的重要组成部分。改革开放以后，中国的经济迅猛发展。随着人们经济能力的提高。茶馆以其独特的文化性，满足了人们的物质文化需求，并为人们提供了一个集休闲，文化，社交等功能于一体的场所。茶馆的功能得到不断的扩展，也拥有了新的.含义。现代的茶馆除了提供茶品已及其他衍生产品外，更重要的是营造一个具有地域文化特色的空间氛围，满足人们的实际生活需求。其吸引消费者的卖点一是极具特色的环境和氛围，二是高质量的茶品。其中前者是消费者关注的重点。然而遗憾的是，中国的茶馆虽然得到了不断发展，但在其装修设计上却一直存在着一些问题。茶馆本应反映地域性的文化特征，有许多茶馆对于这种地域特征却设计得比较模糊。茶馆的装饰与饭馆，快餐点不同，在茶馆的空间设计中，切忌所有的茶馆都采用同样的装修风格和装修材料，而是应当充分利用地域的区别，地方文化的差异进行设计，适当地使用中国文化的元素，这样才能更好地体现文化性，茶馆也能充分地发挥中国传统文化载体的作用。正是由于存在这些问题，对把地域文化运用到茶馆空间设计上这个课题进行探究分析才有重要的价值。这首先可以使得设计人员能够更好地运用地域元素对茶馆空间进行设计，其次可以让茶馆的文化性大大增强，此外还能够让人们通过了解茶馆中的地域文化对中国茶文化，传统文化有更加深入的理解。

3地域文化运用于茶馆空间设计

地域文化要想充分并且适当地运用到中国茶馆的空间设计中，相关的设计人员必须根据不同的地域文化和各地的案例，使用真正适应自身的合理的方法。首先，设计人员在对茶馆进行设计之前，要确定茶馆空间的设计主题，充分了解地域文化和有关的历史等。只有这样才能真正地提高文化性，历史性，独特性和科学性。比如，从众多的地域元素中，设计人员可以选择几种最合适的茶馆空间设计元素，然后把现代的科学设计技术和文化元素有机结合起来，将各种设计进行组合，营造出一个富有神韵的茶馆内部环境。只有这样，才能避免千篇一律的茶馆环境，使得茶馆能够拥有自己的风格，吸引消费者，达到提高经济利益、传承文化的作用。

充分了解文化，选择适当的切入点和设计思路

茶馆可以说是中国博大精深的茶文化的一个窗口，通过茶馆，我们可以一窥茶文化的精髓，得到独特的精神和文化享受，而为了达到这种目的，茶馆的空间设计也就显得尤为重要。试想，如果一家茶馆的内部装修得如同一家快餐店（笔者当然不是对快餐店有成见，快餐店的独特属性决定了其简易自然的设计风格），我们自然无法体会到文化的韵味。优秀的设计人员在进行设计制定方案之前，应该对地域文化进行系统的分析，仔细探究各类特征，最后确定一个适当的设计主题切入点和设计思路。要想在茶馆空间设计中传承和体现地域文化，首先自然需要全面地了解地域文化，元素和历史等，并进行系统的分析。例如，一个地区、城市的历史、地理因素、名人、民俗等等都应被当做关注的重点。笔者在此以长沙市的一家茶馆为例。白沙文化是湖湘文化的重要组成部分，因此，这家茶馆选择白沙文化作为茶馆空间设计的主题。并以此为基础，在相关的文化典故，传统文化中寻找可以运用于实际设计中的元素和材料，这家茶馆也被命名为“白沙源”。在空间布局上，这家茶馆主要是南北走向，一眼白沙井开于茶馆的正南面。茶馆共有二层，在茶馆的二楼最高处或是围栏边人们可以欣赏到源源不断的白沙源，这正好呼应了茶馆的主题。古井和茶馆形成了一条中轴线，在这条线上，设计师别具匠心地设计了一个圆池，又在圆池之中放置了一台圆桌，加上桌子的颜色，如果我们从高远处看去，这个圆池就像是一个池塘，在上面漂浮着点点荷叶。这种设计使得茶馆能够和景色相结合，体现了湖湘地区的地域文化。一方面弘扬了传统文化，另一方面又突破了传统，例如在建筑材料上，“白沙源”茶馆大量使用透明玻璃而不是传统的砖瓦墙体，营造出了独特的空间立体感，整个空间看起来更加通透，茶馆空间不再封闭，内部的所有客人都可以看到茶馆外的景色。除此之外，玻璃与茶元素的结合也能产生特殊的效果。综上所述，以及对案例的分析，我们可以得出在茶馆的空间设计中，如果细致地分析地域文化、历史等因素，可以使地域文化体现得更加深刻，文化界限更加清晰，消费者所得到的感官和心灵享受也更加丰富。

优化地方性元素

任何一种文化的产生和发展都需要漫长的时间的积累，地域文化也是一样。而文化的演变和时代的发展则是分不开的，就如人们的审美标准一样，或以瘦为美，或以胖为美，追求标准都是随着时间的演进产生变化的。现代社会的节奏逐渐加快，技术更新更是可以用日新月异来形容，在这样的一个时代，茶馆的空间设计不能局限于传统形式，而是应该对地方性元素利用先进的技术和方法优中选优，此外，还要用新技术来展示地域文化。在设计时，要注重整体性，即在建筑材料，墙壁，空间布局，器物陈设等所有茶馆的组成部分与地域文化有机结合。

空间布局

中国幅员辽阔，地大物博，广袤的疆域为不同的地域文化的出现提供了可能，其中也包括各地独特的地域空间布局特色。例如，北方的高屋建瓴，飞檐斗拱，这是与北方的气候因素分不开的，北京的传统四合院的建筑形式能够起到放风固沙的作用。这些建筑形式也在一定程度上体现了地域内人民的性格特点。南方的园林艺术是中华民族的艺术瑰宝，也体现了南方人精致细腻的性格。这种原理也可以应用到茶馆的空间设计中，运用空间布局体现地域文化，能够产生优质的融合效果。对于这一点，笔者以北京的“老舍茶馆”举例，这座茶馆非常有名，其设计体现了地域空间布局特色。正如笔者之前所论述的，正是运用了北京四合院的建筑特点，将整座茶馆变成了一座富有茶文化的四合院。这座茶馆使用的是传统四合院的二进房布局，将传统的地域空间布局特色和现代因素和技术相融合，使茶馆本身既充分地展示了四合院的建筑特色，又体现了独特的地域文化。而之前所提到的“白沙源”茶馆则是运用了南方园林的建筑空间布局特色。园林讲究“移步换景”，在这座茶馆的设计中，设计师完全践行了这一原则，将园林的景致引进茶馆，进行精心的布置，再运用玻璃透明的特点，在茶馆中营造出了多层次的效果。

选择材质

不同的材质所呈现出的空间效果是不一样的，在茶馆的空间设计中，除了需要使用有地域特色的材料之外，还要充分利用手头上的材料，除了好中选优外，也要做到避免铺张浪费。例如，北方的茶馆多使用硬木等材料，南方则多用竹子，藤条等，这都体现了不同的地域特点和地区人民特点。家具、茶具等陈设品的设计茶馆内的家具等陈设品起着重要的实用和装饰作用，家具等陈设品能够充分的体现地域性、艺术性和文化性。例如北京的茶馆多使用明清特色的家具摆设，京剧，花灯等都成为了装饰材料。南方的茶馆则使用一些具有南方特色的器物。

4结束语

地域文化在茶馆空间设计中的传承与体现一方面能给消费者提供独特的视觉观感，另一方面可以让人们更好地感受茶文化内涵。时代在进步，为了凸显文化内涵，地域文化必然会被更广泛地运用到在茶馆空间设计中。同时我们还要将传统的文化特色和现代技术相结合，地域文化也能同时得到传承和发展。在本文中笔者列举了地域文化在茶馆空间设计的方式，并分析了具体事例，希望能对茶馆的空间设计起到一定的促进作用，并为地域文化的传承与发展做出一定的贡献。

参考文献

[1]殷小彤.地域文化在茶馆空间设计中的传承与体现[J].福建茶叶,2016,(03):123-124.

[2]降波.浅析地域文化在茶楼空间设计中的应用[J].福建茶叶,2016,(09):111-112.

[3]张兴莲.传统文化元素在茶馆空间设计中的创新应用[J].福建茶叶,2016,(06):119-120.

作为老舍的代表作，《茶馆》在艺术上取得了多方面的成就，集中体现了老舍剧作的风格。首先，剧作深刻地反映了旧中国的社会本质，展示了历史反战的必然趋势，但是它却没有选取重大的社会题材，没有去描写中国近戊戌变法以来的重大实践和重要的人物，而是通过“侧面透露出一些政治消息”的方法，通过“裕泰”茶馆的兴衰来展现的。茶馆作为社会的一个“窗口”，就是一个小的社会。通过它的每况愈下，最终为黑暗所吞没，展现出一个时代不如一个时代的历史事实，揭示出吃人的旧社会必然要灭亡的历史规律。其次，剧作突破了传统的戏剧手法，不求故事情节的连贯，矛盾冲突的紧张激烈，而是采取了“人像展览式结构”，通过一个个生动鲜活的人物的命运、沉浮，来完成作品的主题。剧作所反映的内容，时间之长，跨度之大，人物之众多，都是话剧创作中罕见的。在全剧出场的70余个人物中，有名有姓的就多达50余人。对这样多的人物，作家采取了主要人物有壮到老（如王利发等），贯穿全剧；次要人物父子相承（如刘麻子、唐铁嘴等）；每一个角色都说自己的事儿，又和时代结合起来；无关紧要的人物，召之即来，挥之即去。而且剧种的各色人物哪怕只出场一次，只有三言两语的台词，也都对深化作品的主题，起着不可或缺的作用。第三，作品还比较集中的体现了老舍剧作的民族风格，充分发挥了作家熟悉旧社会、擅长写北京市民生活的特点，具有浓郁的“北京味儿”。剧中的人物都是地道的北京人，其性格特点、心理状态、精神气质、语言习惯都是我们民族在特定时代的产物；而环境则是典型的北京茶馆，茶馆的陈设、布局，人物间的对话，都是地道的北京味儿。尤其是作家还把曲艺这种民族的艺术糅进剧作之中，不仅有机地介绍了剧情，解决了时间跨度大等难题，更增加了我们民族艺术的表现力。第四，《茶馆》写得虽然是历史题材，但作者是立足于今天来反映过去的，因此，蕴含着强烈的新旧社会的对比。作者让在人们看到往昔苦难的同时，更珍惜今天的幸福，热爱我们的新社会。这同老舍建国后反映现实生活的作品一样，出发点仍然是歌颂社会主义的光明。

恩，冲了就不好了

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