无形资产论文的参考文献

无形资产在现代企业的重要性也显得格外突出。在市场经济不断发展的今天，无形资产对社会经济进步的促进作用日益突出，越来越受到人们的普遍关注。与此同时，它对企业未来的发展将产生约束性的影响。我国新的企业会计准则中对无形资产的定义是：企业为生产商品，提供劳务出租给他人，或为管理目的而持有的，没有实物形态的非货币性资产。在理解无形资产这一概念时应首先明确无形资产对企业而言是一项没有实物形态的非货币性的长期资产。因此，在研究这一概念时，就应该从资产的含义入手。所谓资产，就是指：过去交易、事项形成并由企业拥有或控制的资源，且该资源预期会给企业带来经济利益。那么，无形资产作为一项资产，就必须满足资产的定义并具有自身的特点。从资产的实质内容出发必须具备两个特点：其一，预期内会给企业带来经济利益；其二，成本能可靠的计量。下面，就从这两方面入手，分析无形资产自身的某些特点，谈谈无形资产的确认问题。首先，预期给企业带来经济利益是指直接或间接地增加流入企业的现金或现金等价物的潜力。这种潜力在某些情况下可以单独的产生净现金流入，而某些情况下则需要与其他资产结合起来才可能在将来直接或间接产生净现金流入。在这定义的理解基础上，无形资产无疑具有这种特征。尤其是在知识经济时代，经济全球化进程在进一步加剧，无形资产所形成的未来的净现金流入将会逐年增加。一是从高新技术企业上看，企业技术的含量与日俱增，相应地所形成的无形资产的价值也会为企业带来预期的经济利益。

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无形资产投资(Intangible- assets Investment/ Investment of Intangible Assets) What is the investment in intangible assets? Intangible assets refer to investments of investors in order to have the patent rights, non-patent technology, trademarks, land-use rights as an investment. The two sides should agree to determine the amount of the value of intangible assets, but also the need to deal with the document as a basis. Intangible assets to invest, according to the amount of its investment in China's financial system, enterprises should not exceed 20% of registered capital; case the special needs of more than 20% by the relevant departments for examination and approval should be the maximum not more than 30%. Business investment in intangible assets received, debit, "intangible assets" accounts, credit "paid-up capital" account. Intangible asset investment is feature: non-investment entities, a long payback period, investment risk, higher return on is the intangible asset? Intangible assets: refers to the business did not have the kind of shape will enable the companies to obtain long-term over-income assets. (1) and intangible characteristics: 1, there is no physical shape. Usually pass special rights. 2, to bring excess profits. 3, for a long time to play a role. Because it can have long-term. (2), intangible assets, including: 1, patents 2, know-how 3, the franchise 4, the right to use the premises 5, trademark 6, goodwill (C), the classification of intangible assets: 1, according to the validity of the points: (1), a period of intangible assets: the law provides for a maximum validity period, not extended to protect the (2), no period of intangible assets 2, according to whether or not there may refer to: (1), there may be referring to the intangible assets: to identify the individual, separate access. If the patent (business) and so on. (2), does not refer to the intangible assets: alone can not identify, can not be achieved separately, together with the enterprise can only be purchased net assets. Such as goodwill. 3, according to whether or not protected by law: (1), the right to assets: protection of the law, such as patents, copyrights and so on. (2), the rights of non-assets: protected by law, such as goodwill, know-how. Analysis of intangible investment: Investment is the largest investment in intangible assets, long, multi-link, the risks of systems engineering. In a knowledge-based economy under the conditions of intangible assets represent over profitability would be to create a source of competitive advantage. According to statistics, some of the OECD-the-art enterprise tangible assets and intangible assets ratio has reached 1:2 to 1:3. The United States in 1995, many enterprises intangible assets ratio of 50% to 60%. An enterprise has a number of intangible assets of how much value is high or low technical level and competitiveness of the mark. In our country, not only in the corporate intangible assets in the proportion of the total assets on the low side, but also in the composition of intangible assets, technology assets, in particular low.

无形资产投资(Intangible- assets Investment/ Investment of Intangible Assets) What is the investment in intangible assets? Intangible assets refer to investments of investors in order to have the patent rights, non-patent technology, trademarks, land-use rights as an investment. The two sides should agree to determine the amount of the value of intangible assets, but also the need to deal with the document as a basis. Intangible assets to invest, according to the amount of its investment in China's financial system, enterprises should not exceed 20% of registered capital; case the special needs of more than 20% by the relevant departments for examination and approval should be the maximum not more than 30%. Business investment in intangible assets received, debit, "intangible assets" accounts, credit "paid-up capital" account. Intangible asset investment is feature: non-investment entities, a long payback period, investment risk, higher return on investment. What is the intangible asset? Intangible assets: refers to the business did not have the kind of shape will enable the companies to obtain long-term over-income assets. (1) and intangible characteristics: 1, there is no physical shape. Usually pass special rights. 2, to bring excess profits. 3, for a long time to play a role. Because it can have long-term. (2), intangible assets, including: 1, according to the validity of the points: (1), a period of intangible assets: the law provides for a maximum validity period, not extended to protect the (2), no period of intangible assets 2, according to whether or not there may refer to: (1), there may be referring to the intangible assets: to identify the individual, separate access. If the patent (business) and so on. (2), does not refer to the intangible assets: alone can not identify, can not be achieved separately, together with the enterprise can only be purchased net assets. Such as goodwill. 3, according to whether or not protected by law: (1), the right to assets: protection of the law, such as patents, copyrights and so on. (2), the rights of non-assets: protected by law, such as goodwill, know-how. Analysis of intangible investment: Investment is the largest investment in intangible assets, long, multi-link, the risks of systems engineering. In a knowledge-based economy under the conditions of intangible assets represent over profitability would be to create a source of competitive advantage. According to statistics, some of the OECD-the-art enterprise tangible assets and intangible assets ratio has reached 1:2 to 1:3. The United States in 1995, many enterprises intangible assets ratio of 50% to 60%. An enterprise has a number of intangible assets of how much value is high or low technical level and competitiveness of the mark. In our country, not only in the corporate intangible assets in the proportion of the total assets on the low side, but also in the composition of intangible assets, technology assets, in particular low. Investment management of intangible assets: Intangible asset investment decision-making methods and decision-making investment in fixed assets the same way. Also need to calculate the decision-making targets. However, it is more complex than the investment in fixed assets. Because: 1, intangible assets are invested in various forms. 2, intangible assets and the investment period has been over-time earnings is difficult to predict. 3, intangible assets increased over the proceeds of uncertainty there. The day-to-day control of intangible assets: include the following: 1, an increase of intangible assets management Whether purchased, the self-built, or other inputs, for all legal procedures, according to the actual cost, or by the rating agencies to assess valuation. 2, amortization of intangible assets management (1) the effective useful life of intangible assets: ① law and the provisions of the contract are valid in accordance with the principles of the short side. ② no legal provisions of the contract, according to the provisions of the contract determine the number of years. ③ not provided for by not less than 10 years to determine the validity. 3, the calculation of the amount of amortization of intangible assets: = Amortization in the amount of the original price / effective service life 4, the use of intangible assets management: (1) potential to improve the utilization of intangible assets. (2) to implement centralized management at different levels. Such as patents, technology must be managed by the technology sector, the franchise, the right to use the site to the production and marketing departments. Sales by the trademark management, in order to clear responsibility to enhance the effectiveness of the use. Intangible assets investment accounts and tax-related issues to deal with: According to the intangible assets to obtain a different way, namely by the following provisions to deal with. "Enterprise Accounting System," the 44th article stipulates: "The business acquired intangible assets, measures should be based on actual costs. Made at the time of the actual cost should be determined in the following way: (A) acquired intangible assets, according to the actual price paid for the actual cost. (B) investors into the intangible assets, investment by the parties identified as the value of the actual cost. However, for the first time to issue shares and investors to accept the input of intangible assets, intangible assets should be in the investor's book value as the actual cost. (C) the business of the debtor to accept non-cash assets to cover liabilities of the acquired intangible assets, or debt-for-entry due to intangible assets, according to the book value of accounts receivable claims to be paid together with the related taxes and fees, as the actual cost. Involved in premium, according to the following provisions of the transferee to determine the actual cost of intangible assets: 1. Receipt of the premium, according to the book value of the debt receivable less the premium, plus related taxes and fees should be paid, as the actual cost; 2. To pay the premium, according to the book value of the debt receivable plus the premium paid and to pay related taxes and fees, as the actual cost. (D) to non-monetary transactions for the entry of intangible assets, according to the assets of the combined book value should pay the relevant taxes and fees, as the actual cost. Involved in premium, according to the following requirements for entry to determine the actual cost of intangible assets: 1. Receipt of the premium, according to the assets of the combined book value should be recognized in the income and pay less taxes and fees related to the balance of payment of a premium, as the actual cost; 2. To pay the premium, according to the assets of the combined book value should pay the relevant taxes and fees and premium, as the actual cost. (E) to accept donations of intangible assets, the following provisions shall determine the actual costs: 1. Donation to provide relevant evidence, according to the evidence indicating the amount to be paid together with the related taxes and fees, as the actual cost. 2. Donor did not provide such evidence, according to the following order to determine the actual costs: (1) the same or similar intangible assets of the existence of an active market, according to the same or similar intangible assets is estimated that the amount of market prices, together with the related taxes and fees should be paid, as the actual cost; (2) the same or similar intangible assets no active market, according to accept the donation of intangible assets is expected to present value of future cash flows, as the actual cost. " The 45th article stipulates that: "in accordance with legal procedures to apply for self-developed intangible assets acquired, according to the law made when the registration fee, lawyer fees, as the actual cost of intangible assets. Occur in the course of research and development of materials Cost of personnel directly involved in the development of wages and welfare, development occurred in rent, the cost of borrowing, and so on, into direct current profit and loss. Periods have been included in the cost of research and development costs, and the success of the intangible assets in accordance with the law The right to apply, no longer have been included in the original cost of the capitalization of research and development costs. " The 47th article stipulates: "The corporate purchase or sell gold to cover the cost of land acquisition of land use rights, not yet in the development or use of the construction project, accounting for intangible assets in accordance with the present system of the period provided for a phased amortization. Room Real estate development companies to develop real estate, land-use rights should be the book value into all development costs; business as a result of the use of land for the construction of a project for their own use, land-use rights to the book value into all-in-progress costs. " Enterprises with investment from outside of intangible assets, the same non-monetary transaction regulations.